Part 4

Suffire (à) je suffirai suffise, suffisions to suffice. suffises, suffisiez suffise, suffisent

Suivre je suivrai suive, suivions to follow. suives, suiviez suive, suivent

Traire je trairai traie, trayions to milk. traies, trayiez traie, traient

Vaincre je vaincrai vainque, vainquions to conquer. vainques, vainquiez vainque, vainquent

Vivre (de) je vivrai vive, vivions to live (on or vives, viviez upon). vive, vivent

FOOTNOTES

[1] _Advenir_ is more often used.

[2] The verb _faire_ is generally used to conjugate this verb; as, _faire bouillir_, &c., except in 3d pers. singular and plural when used “_directly_”: As, l’eau bout-elle? does the water boil? Ces pommes de terre bouillent-elles? Do these potatoes boil?

[3] The imperfect of the indicative, _je défaillais_, is used.

[4] This verb is seldom used but in the preterit, the compound tenses, and in the infinitive after another verb.

[5] The infinitive is only used in the phrase _sans coup férir_, without striking a blow.

[6] The imperfect of the indicative, _je gisais_, &c., is used.

[7] This verb is seldom used but in the infinitive present, and in the compound tenses.

[8] Used only in familiar conversation, and in the infinitive after _aller_, _venir_, _envoyer_.

[9] Used only in the third persons. When it means “to gush,” or (of a horse) to serve a mare, it is conjugated like _finir_.

[10] Used as a law term only.

[11] Seldom used but in the infinitive.

[12] Used as a law term only.

[13] Used as a law term only.

[14] Imperfect of the indicative: _je déchoyais_, &c.

[15] Used generally in the third person only.

[16] _Il fallait_ is used. No imperative.

[17] _Je peux_ is also used. No imperative.

[18] Only used in the infinitive, in the compound tenses, and in the imperfect of the subjunctive.

[19] Used in the infinitive only.

[20] Imperative: _sache_, _sachons_, _sachez_. _Je ne sache_ is rhetorically used in the first person of the indicative present. Ex.: “_Je ne sache rien de plus grand et de plus beau_” (V. Hugo). The imperfect of the indicative is _je savais_, &c.

[21] Used in the third person only. No compound tenses.

[22] Used in the two participles only.

[23] No imperative.

[24] The second person plural of the imperative is _veuillez_, please to.

[25] Used only in the infinitive, and always with the verb _faire_.

[26] Imperfect of the indicative _il bruyait_, _ils bruyaient_.

[27] Used in all the compound tenses.

[28] Used in painting only.

[29] Used only in the infinitive and compound tenses.

[30] The verb _faire_ is used to supply the persons and tenses that are wanting; as, _nous faisons frire_, &c.

LIST OF IRREGULAR AND DEFECTIVE VERBS, CONJUGATED AFTER THE VERBS IN THE FOREGOING TABLE.

_Conjugated like_

_FIRST CONJUGATION._

Renvoyer to send back envoyer.

s’En aller to go away aller.

_SECOND CONJUGATION._

Conquérir to conquer} Reconquérir to reconquer} Requérir to request} acquérir. s’Enquérir to inquire}

Tressaillir to start up assaillir.

Rebouillir to boil again bouillir.

Accourir to hasten to} Concourir to concur} Discourir (de) to talk about} Encourir to incur} courir. Parcourir to run over} Recourir (à) to have recourse to} Secourir to succor}

Accueillir to welcome} Recueillir to gather} cueillir. se Recueillir to collect one’s self}

Endormir to lull asleep} s’Endormir to fall asleep} Rendormir to lull to sleep again} dormir. se Rendormir to fall asleep again}

s’Enfuir to run away fuir.

Couvrir to cover} Découvrir to uncover, to discover} Entr’ouvrir to open a little} Mésoffrir to underbid} Offrir to offer} ouvrir. Recouvrir to cover again} Rouvrir to open again} Souffrir to suffer}

Consentir to agree} se Départir (de) to desist, to swerve(from)} Démentir to belie} Mentir to lie} Partir to set out} Pressentir to foresee} sentir. Repartir to set off again} se Repentir to repent} Ressentir to feel} se Ressentir (de) to feel} Ressortir to go out again} Sortir to go out}

Desservir to clear the table, to do an ill office} servir. se Servir (de) to make use of}

s’Abstenir to abstain} Appartenir to belong to} Circonvenir to circumvent} Contenir to contain} se Contenir to refrain (from)} Contrevenir to infringe} Convenir to suit (with _avoir_), to agree} (with _être_ in comp’d tenses)} Déprévenir to divest of (prejudice)} Devenir to become} Disconvenir to deny} Entretenir to entertain} s’Entretenir to discourse with} Intervenir to intervene} Maintenir to maintain} tenir. Obtenir to obtain} Parvenir to arrive} Prévenir to prepossess, to forewarn} Provenir to proceed from} Redevenir to become again} Retenir to retain} se Retenir (de) to forbear} Revenir to come back} se Ressouvenir (de) to remember} se Souvenir (de) to recollect} Soutenir to maintain} Subvenir (à) to provide for} Survenir to happen, to befall} Venir to come}

Dévêtir to undress} se Dévêtir to divest one’s self} Revêtir (de) to clothe, to dress} vêtir. se Vêtir to clothe one’s self}

_THIRD CONJUGATION._

s’Asseoir to sit down} Rasseoir to place down again} asseoir. se Rasseoir to sit down again}

Rechoir to fall again choir.

Émouvoir to move, to stir up} s’Émouvoir to be moved, to be concerned} mouvoir.

Dépourvoir to leave unprovided pourvoir.

Équivaloir to be equivalent} Revaloir to return like for like} prévaloir. se Prévaloir (de) to take advantage (of)}

Messeoir to be unbecoming seoir.

Entrevoir to catch a glimpse of} s’Entrevoir to see each other} voir. Revoir to see again}

_FOURTH CONJUGATION._

Dissoudre to dissolve, to melt absoudre.

Abattre to pull down} s’Abattre to fall down} se Battre to fight} Combattre to fight, to combat} Débattre to debate} se Débattre to struggle} s’Ébattre to take one’s pleasure} battre. Embattre to lay the tire of a wheel} Rabattre to abate, to bring down} se Rabattre to turn off, to turn back, to fall back upon} Rebattre to beat again}

Reboire to drink again boire.

Déclore to unclose} Enclore to enclose} clore. Forclore to foreclose}

Exclure to exclude} Reclure to shut up} conclure.

Découdre to unsew} Recoudre to sew again} coudre.

Mécroire to disbelieve croire.

Accroître to increase} Décroître to decrease} Recroître to grow again} croître.[1] Surcroître to grow out}

Redire to say again dire.

Circonscrire to circumscribe} Décrire to describe} Inscrire to inscribe} s’Inscrire to enter one’s name} Prescrire to prescribe} se Prescrire to be lost by limitation (law)} écrire. Proscrire to proscribe, to outlaw} Récrire to write again} Souscrire to subscribe} Transcrire to transcribe}

Contrefaire to imitate, to mimic} Défaire to undo} se Défaire to get rid} Parfaire to perfect} Redéfaire to undo again} faire. Refaire to make again} se Refaire to recover} Satisfaire to satisfy} Surfaire to ask too much}

Refrire to fry again frire.

Adjoindre to adjoin} Astreindre to subject} s’Astreindre to confine one’s self} Atteindre to overtake, to reach} Aveindre to take out _or_ from, to fetch} Ceindre to gird, to encompass} Conjoindre to conjoin} Contraindre to constrain} Craindre to fear, to be afraid} Déjoindre to disjoin} Dépeindre to describe} Déteindre to discolor} Disjoindre to disjoin} Empreindre to imprint} Enceindre to enclose} Enfreindre to transgress, to infringe} joindre. Enjoindre to enjoin} Épreindre to squeeze out} Éteindre to extinguish} Étreindre to tie close, to clasp} Feindre to feign} Geindre to whine, to moan} Oindre to anoint} Peindre to paint} Plaindre to pity} se Plaindre to complain} Ratteindre to overtake again} Rejoindre to join again} Repeindre to paint again} Restreindre to restrain, to confine} Teindre to dye, to color}

Élire to elect, to choose} Prélire to read over previously} Réélire to elect again} lire. Relire to read again}

Reluire to glitter, to shine} Entre-luire to shine a little} luire.

Contredire to contradict} Dédire to disown, to unsay, to belie} se Dédire to recant, to retract} médire. Interdire to interdict, to forbid} Prédire to foretell, to predict}

Admettre to admit} Commettre to commit} Compromettre to compromise, to expose} se Compromettre to compromise one’s self} Démettre to dislocate} se Démettre (de) to resign} Émettre to issue, to set forth, to emit} mettre. s’Entremettre to interpose, to meddle} Omettre to omit} Permettre to permit, to allow} Promettre to promise} Remettre to replace, to set again} Soumettre to submit, to subdue} Transmettre to transmit}

Émoudre to whet, to sharpen} Remoudre to grind over again} moudre. Rémoudre to sharpen again}

Renaître to revive, to be born again naître.

Apparaître to appear} Comparaître to appear} Connaître to know, to be acquainted with} Disparaître to disappear} paraître. Méconnaître to disown, not to know} se Méconnaître to forget one’s self} Reconnaître to recognize, to acknowledge} Reparaître to appear again}

Complaire to humor, to please} se Complaire to delight} Déplaire to displease} se Déplaire to be displeased with} plaire. Taire to conceal, to keep secret} se Taire to remain silent}

Apprendre to learn, to hear of} Comprendre to understand, to include} Déprendre to loosen, to disengage} Désapprendre to unlearn} Entreprendre to undertake} se Méprendre to mistake} prendre. Rapprendre to learn again} Reprendre to take again, to chide} se Reprendre to correct one’s self} Surprendre to surprise, to astonish}

Conduire to conduct, to lead} Construire to construct, to build} Cuire to cook, to bake} Décuire to thin (syrups, etc.)} Déconstruire to take to pieces} Déduire to deduct} Détruire to destroy} se Détruire to kill one’s self, to decay} Éconduire to bow out, to refuse} Enduire to plaster, to do over} Induire to induce} réduire. Instruire to instruct} Introduire to introduce} Produire to produce, to bring forth} Reconduire to conduct again} Reconstruire to build again} Recuire to bake again, to do again} Renduire to plaster anew} Reproduire to reproduce} Séduire to seduce, to bribe} Traduire to translate}

se Repaître to thirst after, to delight in repaître.

se Rire (de) to laugh at} Sourire to smile} rire.

Corrompre to corrupt} Interrompre to interrupt} rompre.

Poursuivre to pursue, to prosecute suivre.

Abstraire to abstract} Distraire to distract, to divert} Extraire to extract} Retraire to redeem an estate} traire. Rentraire to fine-draw} Soustraire to substract, to deduct} se Soustraire (à) to avoid, to escape}

Convaincre to convince vaincre.

Revivre to revive} Survivre (à) to survive, to outlive} vivre.

FOOTNOTES

[1] Only recroître takes a circumflex on its past participle.

EXPLANATION OF THE SIGNS USED IN THIS WORK.

* Represents the liquid sounds of _gn_, _l_, or _ll_.

† Signifies that the _h_ is aspirated.

— Indicates the repetition of the same word. (—) Indicates the plural of foreign and compound nouns when it is like the singular.

(—s) Indicates the plural of foreign nouns when it is formed by adding _s_.

When the plural of foreign and compound nouns is formed by changing the final letter or letters, the whole plural form is given. Thus, _e.g._, (_Lazaroni_), plural of _Lazarone_; (_—-amiraux_), plural of _vice-admiral_.

(_—s-—s_), or (_—s-—x_), or (_—x-—x_), or (_—x-—s_) Indicate the plural of compound nouns when it is formed by adding _s_ or _x_ to each component.

(_—s-—_) or (_—x-—_) Indicate the plural of compound nouns when it is formed by adding _s_ or _x_ to the first component only.

(_—-—s_) or (_—-—x_) Indicate the plural of compound nouns when it is formed by adding _s_ or _x_ to the second component only.

(_n.s._) Indicates foreign and compound nouns not used in the singular.

(_n.p._) Indicates foreign and compound nouns not used in the plural.

- Before final letters, points out the masculine termination, which is to be changed in the feminine; as, _acti-f_, _-ve_, actif, active; _act-eur_, _-rice_, acteur, actrice; _honteu-x_, _-se_, honteux, honteuse.

The long sound of the vowels is designated by a horizontal mark over the vowel, thus: ā, ē, ī, ō, ū.

The short sound of the vowels is designated by a curved mark, thus: ă, ĕ, ĭ, ŏ, ŭ. This mark seldom occurs but over the unaccented _e_. When there is no mark over the other vowels, they may be considered as natural; that is, as neither long nor short.

Words in parentheses serve to complete the sense of those words that precede or follow them; or they refer to the object with which they are connected, or indicate the art, trade, profession, etc., to which they relate. They are given in English and in French.

Those words of which the pronunciation is quite irregular are noticed in full; but those that are only partly irregular are noticed in their irregularities only. Therefore, such words as _chiromancie_, _archétype_, _équateur_, which are irregular in one syllable only, are noticed in that syllable alone; as _ki-_, _-ké-_, _-koua-_.

As none but French spelling can give a correct idea of French pronunciation, it is used throughout this dictionary, with the exception of _ch_, which is rendered by _sh_, so that it may not be mistaken for _k_; of _ou_, which is expressed by _oo_; and of _oi_, which is represented by _oa_.

☉ Indicates obsolete French words. When found in the middle of lines, it indicates that the French word is obsolete in the meaning before which it is placed.

(ant.) Indicates obsolete English words.

When two or more French nouns of the same gender follow, their gender is indicated after the last noun only.

The pronunciation of English words is indicated, in the English-French Division, in the same manner as that of French words in the French-English Division, and represented in _all_ cases by means of the French spelling, with the exception of:

1st, _th_ hard, which is expressed by (th); 2nd, _th_ soft, ” ” (_th_); 3rd, _g_, when hard before _e_, _i_, or _y_, by (gh).

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS WORK.