Part 30

=ce= (for =cela=), it, that; he, she, they. _C’est fait_; it is done. _C’est fort bien fait_; that’s very well done. _C’en est fait de moi_; it is all up with me. _C’en est fait_; it is all over, it is done. _C’est bien fait_; it serves him right. _Et ce, pour cause_; and this for a good reason. _Je lui ai dit telle chose, et ce pour le persuader de le faire_; I told him such a thing, and it was to persuade him to do it. _Qui est-ce?_ who is he? _Qui était-ce?_ who was it? _Qui sera-ce?_ who will it be? _Qui est-ce qui arrive là?_ who is coming there? _Est-ce moi?_ is it I? _Est-ce lui?_ is it he? _Est-ce nous qu’il menace?_ is it towards us his threats are directed? _Est-ce eux que vous prétendez soumettre?_ is it they you pretend to subdue? _Sont-ce les Anglais?_ is it the English? _C’est vous qu’on demande_; it is you who are wanted. _Ce sont eux que j’ai vus_; it is they I have seen. _Sont-ce là les dames que vous attendiez?_ are these the ladies you expected? _Oui, ces ont elles_; yes, they are. _C’était eux_, _ce furent eux_, _ce sera nous_, _ce sera vous autres_, _ce sera eux_, _ce serait eux_; it was they, &c. _Qu’est-ce?_ what is that? _Qu’est-ce que je vois là-bas?_ what do I see yonder? _Sont-ce là vos raisons?_ are those your reasons? _Est-ce là votre carrosse?_ is that your coach? _Oui, ce l’est_; yes, it is. _Sont-ce là vos chevaux?_ are these your horses? _Oui, ce les sont_; yes, they are. _Quel jour est-ce aujourd’hui?_ what day is it to-day? _C’est jeudi_; it is Thursday. _Quand sera-ce?_ when will it be? _Ce sera pour demain_; it will be for to-morrow.

=ce qui=, =que=, =dont=, =à quoi=; that, which, what, of what, to what. _Je ne sais ce que nous deviendrons_; I do not know what will become of us. _Ce qui se passe_; what happens. _Ce que je vous dit_; what I tell you. _Faites ce dont je vous ai parlé_; do what I told you of. _Ce qui réussit est toujours approuvé_; what meets with success always meets with approbation. _C’est ce que je disais_; it is what I said. _Ce que j’ai vu de beau_; the fine things I saw. _Tout ce qu’on fait de mauvais_; all the mischief that is done. _Savez-vous à quoi il pense?_ do you know what he is thinking of?

=ce qui= _or_ =ce que=, serve for two verbs, the latter of which, when _ce_ begins the sentence, is governed by _ce_: if the latter verb is _être_, followed by _que_ or _de_, _ce_ must be repeated before it. _Ce que je crains, c’est d’être surpris_; what I fear is to be surprised. _Ce qu’il demande, c’est une pension_; what he asks for is a pension. [But _ce_ cannot be repeated when _être_ is followed by an adjective.] _Ce qu’on vous a dit est vrai_; what you have been told is true. _Ce qu’on vous a dit, ce sont des contes_; what you have been told are mere idle tales. _C’était un grand capitaine que César_; Cæsar was a great captain. _Sont-ce les richesses qui vous rendront heureux?_ can riches make you happy? _C’est moi qu’on veut perdre_; I am the man they wish to ruin. _C’est à vous que je parle_; it is to you I speak. _C’est d’elle que je parle_; it is of her that I speak. _C’est là que je les attends_; there I shall have them. _C’est un bonheur que d’avoir échappé_; it is good luck to have escaped. _C’était à vous de parler_; it was your duty to speak. _C’était à vous à parler_; it was your turn to speak. _Si c’était à refaire_; if it were to be done again. _C’est à qui parlera_; they vie with one another as to who shall speak. _C’était à qui s’offrirait_; they vied with one another as to who would offer himself. _Ce serait pour moi un grand plaisir_; it would give me great pleasure. _Ce n’est pas qu’il la craigne, mais il aime la paix_; not that he fears her, but he loves peace. _Ces malheureux ne savent ce que c’est que la vertu_; these wretches know not what virtue is. _C’est-à-dire_; that is to say. _Ce n’est pas à dire que_; it does not follow that. _C’est pourquoi_; therefore, wherefore, for which reason. _C’est que_; you must know; I must tell you. _Ce que c’est que de nous!_ what poor mortals we are.

=céans=, _adv._, within, here within, in this house, home. _Maître de —_; master of the house. _Il dînera —_; he will dine at home.

=ceci=, _demonst. pron._, this. _Que veut dire —?_ what does this mean? _C’est —, c’est cela_; it is first one thing and then another.

=cécité=, _n.f._, blindness. _Frapper de —_; to strike blind.

=cédant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (jur.) grantor; assignor, transferrer.

=cédant=, =-e=, _adj._, that assigns, transfers; that grants.

=céder=, _v.a._, to give, to give up, to yield, to transfer; to sell, to part with, to make over. _— le pas à quelqu’un_; to give precedence to any one. _— le haut du pavé_; to give the wall.

=céder=, _v.n._, to give way, to give; to submit; to give in. _Il faut —_; we must submit. _— à son penchant_; to give way to one’s inclinations. _Je lui cède en tout_; I give in to him in everything. _Ne le — à personne_; to yield to no one; to be second to none. _La porte céda_; the door gave way.

*=cédille=, _n.f._, (gram.) cedilla.

=cédrat=, _n.m._, (bot.) (tree) cedrate, lemon-tree; (fruit) lemon.

=cédratier=, _n.m._, (bot.) cedrate, lemon-tree.

=cèdre=, _n.m._, cedar; cedar of Lebanon.

=cédrie=, _n.f._, cedrie, cedar-resin.

=cédule=, _n.f._, (jur.) cedule, schedule, memorandum, notice; note of hand.

=ceindre= (ceignant, ceint), _v.a._, to enclose, to encompass, to surround, to bind; to fence; to gird on, to put on, to encircle. _Une corde lui ceignait les reins_; his loins were girt with a cord. _— le diadème_; to put on the diadem.

_se_ =ceindre=, _v.r._, to bind round one; to encircle one’s brow with anything.

=ceintrage=, _n.m._, (nav.) frapping, swifting (of rigging).

=ceintrer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to frap, to gird. _— un vaisseau_; to frap a ship.

=ceinture=, _n.f._, sash, girdle, belt; waist-band, waist-ribbon; the waist; enclosure, circle; (arch.) cincture (of a column), molding; (nav.) swifter. _Bonne renommée vaut mieux que — dorée_; a good name is better than riches. _— de deuil_; funeral hangings. _Chemin de fer de —_; circular railway.

=ceinturé=, =-e=, _adj._, confined, girt; wearing a sash.

=ceinturer=, _v.a._, to girdle, to girt.

=ceinturier=, _n.m._, girdle-maker, belt-maker.

=ceinturon=, _n.m._, belt, sword-belt.

=cela=, _demonst. pron._, that. _— est vrai_; that is true. _Comment —?_ how so? _C’est —_; that’s it. _Ce n’est pas —_; that’s not it, that will not do. _N’est-ce que —?_ is that all? _Comme —_; so so. _Il est comme —_; it is his way, it is just like him. _C’est — même_; that’s the very thing. _Par — même_; for that very reason. _Pour — oui_; most certainly. _Pour — non_; certainly not.

=céladon=, _adj._, _m._, sea-green (color). _Ruban —_; sea-green ribbon.

=céladon=, _n.m._, sea-green (color); sentimental lover; old beau.

=célébrant=, _n.m._, officiating priest at mass.

=célébration=, _n.f._, solemn performance, celebration.

=célèbre=, _adj._, celebrated, famous, renowned; eminent, distinguished.

=célébrer=, _v.a._, to praise, to extol, to sing, to solemnize; to glorify, to celebrate, to record.

=célébrité=, _n.f._, celebrity; fame.

=celer= _or_ =céler=, _v.a._, to conceal, to keep close or secret, to secrete. _Se faire —_; to say “not at home.”

=céleri= (sèl-ri), _n.m._, celery. _Botte de —_; bundle of celery.

=célérité=, _n.f._, celerity, rapidity, dispatch, speed.

=céleste=, _adj._, celestial, heavenly, divine. _Bleu —_; sky-blue. _La colère —_; the anger of heaven.

=célestin=, _n.m._, celestin (monk _— moine_).

=céliaque=, _adj._, (anat.) cœliac.

=célibat=, _n.m._, celibacy, single life; single state. _Femme_, _homme_, _dans le —_; single woman, single man.

=célibataire=, _n.m._, single man, bachelor.

=celle=, _demonst. pron._ she, that. _V._ =celui=.

☉=celle=, _n.f._, cell (of a hermit).

=cellér-ier=, _n.m._, =-ière=, _n.f._, cellarer.

=cellier=, _n.m._, cellar, store-room.

=cellulaire=, _adj._, cellular.

=cellule=, _n.f._, cell, partition; cell (of honey).

=celluleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, cellular.

=célosie=, _n.f._, (bot.) cock’s-comb; coxcomb.

=celte=, _n.m._, Celt.

=celtique=, _adj._, Celtic.

=celtique=, _n.m._, Celtic language.

=celui=, _m._, =celle=, _f._, =ceux=, =celles=, _pl._, _demonst. pron._, he, him; she, her, they, them; that, those. _Ceux qui ont vécu avant nous_; those who lived before us.

=celui-ci=, =celle-ci=, _sing._, =ceux-ci=, =celles-ci=, _pl._, _demonst. pron._; this, these.

=celui-là=, =celle-là=, _sing._, =ceux-là=, =celles-là=, _pl._, _demonst. pron._; that, those. _Aimez-vous mieux celui-ci?_ do you like this best? _Celui-là n’est pas si beau_; that one is not so fine. _Celui-ci est meilleur que celui-là_; this is better than that. [_Celui-ci_ relates to an object near the speaker; _celui-là_, to an object distant from him; or after two nouns already expressed, _celui-ci_ refers to the last, _celui-là_ to the first mentioned.]

=cément=, _n.m._, cement.

=cémentation=, _n.f._, cementation.

=cémentatoire=, _adj._, cementatory.

=cémenter=, _v.a._, to cement.

=cénacle=, _n.m._, (antiq.) guest-chamber (where the Lord’s supper was taken); (fig.) club, literary coterie.

=cendre=, _n.f._, ashes; embers; cinder; dust, ashes (of the dead). _C’est un feu qui couve sous la —_; it is a smoldering fire. _La —_, _les —s des morts_; the ashes of the dead.

=cendres=, _n.f.pl._, ashes. _— ardentes_; live embers. _— qui couvent_; smoldering ashes. _Le mercredi des —_; Ash-Wednesday. _Mettre en —_; to lay in ashes. _Renaître de ses —_; to rise from one’s ashes.

=cendré=, =-e=, _adj._, ashy. _Gris —_; ashy gray, pale gray. _Lumière —_; earth-shine.

=cendrée=, _n.f._, small shot.

=cendreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, ashy, full of, or covered with, ashes.

=cendrer=, _v.a._, to paint ash-gray, to ash.

=cendrier=, _n.m._, ash-pan, cinder-pail; ash-hole; ash-tray.

*=cendrille=, _n.f._, (orni.) tomtit.

=cène=, _n.f._, the Lord’s supper, communion.

=cenelle=, _n.f._, (bot.) haw.

=cénobite=, _n.m._, cenobite, monk.

=cénobitique=, _adj._, cenobitical.

=cénotaphe=, _n.m._, cenotaph.

=cens= (sāns), _n.m._, cense, quit-rent; census, franchise, rating.

=censable=, _adj._, owner of quit-rent. _Seigneur —_; lord of the manor.

☉=cense=, _n.f._, farm, fee-farm.

=censé=, =-e=, _adj._, accounted, deemed, reputed, supposed, pretended. _Il est — être_; he is supposed to be.

=censéable=, _adj._, liable to quit-rent.

=censeur=, _n.m._, censor; censurer; critic; censor of the press; examiner of plays; proctor.

☉=censier=, _adj.m._, of quit-rent.

=censi-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, farmer; rent-roll.

=censitaire=, _n.m._, copy-holder.

=censive=, _n.f._, quit-rent, manor.

=censorial=, =-e=, _adj._, censorial.

=censuel=, =-le=, _adj._, feudal, of quit-rent.

=censurable=, _adj._, censurable.

=censure=, _n.f._, censorship; censure, criticism; reproof; ecclesiastical censure; the censors.

=censurer=, _v.a._, to find fault with; to blame, to censure, to condemn.

=cent=, _adj._, hundred, cent. _— un ans_; one hundred and one years. _Cinq pour —_; five per cent. _Je vous le donne en —_; it’s 100 to 1 against your guessing it. [_Cent_ takes the sign of the plural, if preceded and multiplied, but not followed, by a number: _trois cents_; _trois cent cinquante_.] _Les — Jours_; the Hundred days (from March 20th to end of June, 1815).

=centaine=, _n.f._, a hundred; a hundred, or so; thread that ties up a skein. _V._ =sentène=.

=centaure=, _n.m._, (myth., astron.) centaur.

=centaurée=, _n.f._, (bot.) centaury.

=centenaire=, _adj._, centenary, secular, of a hundred years’ standing, centennial.

=centenaire=, _n.m.f._, centenarian.

=centenier=, _n.m._, centurion (in the Channel Isles); sergeant of police.

=centésimal=, =-e=, _adj._, centesimal.

=centiare=, _n.m._, the hundredth part of an are (square yard 1.1960).

=centième=, _adj._, hundredth.

=centième=, _n.m._, the hundredth part.

=centigrade=, _adj._, centigrade.

=centigramme=, _n.m._, the hundredth part of a gram (grain 0.1543).

=centilitre=, _n.m._, the hundredth part of a liter (cubic inch 0.61028).

=centime=, _n.m._, the hundredth part of a franc (cent 0.193).

=centimètre=, _n.m._, the hundredth part of a meter (inch 0.39371).

=centinode=, _n.f._, centinody, knot-grass.

=centipède=, _adj._, centipedal; _n.m._, centipede.

=centon=, _n.m._, (lit.) cento.

=central=, =-e=, _adj._, central, chief, head.

=centralisat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, centralizing.

=centralisation=, _n.f._, centralization.

=centraliser=, _v.a._, to centralize.

_se_ =centraliser=, _v.r._, to become centralized.

=centre=, _n.m._, center, middle. _Chaque chose tend à son —_; everything converged to its center. _Être dans son —_; to be in one’s element.

=centrifuge=, _adj._, centrifugal.

=centripète=, _adj._, centripetal.

=centrisque=, _n.m._, (ich.) centriscus, trumpet-fish.

=cent-suisse=, _n.m._, one of the hundred that formed the body-guard to the king of France. _Les —s_; the hundred Swiss guards.

=centumvir=, _n.m._, centumvir.

=centumviral=, =-e=, _adj._, centumviral.

=centumvirat=, _n.m._, centumvirate.

=centuple=, _n.m._, centuple, hundred-fold.

=centuple=, _adj._, a hundred-fold.

=centupler=, _v.a._, to increase a hundred-fold, to centuple.

=centuriateur=, _n.m._, (ecc. lit.) centuriator.

=centurie=, _n.f._, (antiq., ecc.) century; hundred (territorial division).

=centurion=, _n.m._, centurion.

=cep=, _n.m._, vine-stock, vine-stalk, vine-plant.

=cépage=, _n.m._, vine-slip, vines. _Les —s de la Bourgogne_; the vines of Burgundy.

=cèpe=, _n.m._, (bot.) esculent boletus.

=cépée=, _n.f._, (agri.) tuft of shoots from the same stump; (hunt.) young wood; a wood of one or two years’ growth.

=cependant=, _adv._, in the mean time, meanwhile; however, nevertheless; yet, still.

=cependant=, _conj._, yet, and yet.

=céphalalgie=, _n.f._, cephalalgy, headache.

=céphalée=, _n.f._, (med.) headache.

=céphalique=, _adj._, (med.) cephalic.

=céphalète=, _n.f._, (med.) cephalitis.

=céphée=, _n.m._, (astron.) Cepheus.

=cérame=, _n.f._, Greek vase.

=céramique=, _adj._, ceramic, fictile.

=céramique=, _adj._, fictile art, molding.

=céraste=, _n.m._, cerastes, horned viper.

=cérat=, _n.m._, ointment, salve.

=cerbère=, _n.m._, (myth.) Cerberus.

=cerce=, _n.f._, hoop, band, binding.

=cerceau=, _n.m._, hoop, ring; hoop-net; pinion-quill. _Faire courir un —_; to trundle a hoop.

=cercelle=, _n.f._, water-fowl, teal.

=cerclage=, _n.m._, hooping (of casks, &c.).

=cercle=, _n.m._, circle, sphere, round, ring, orb, hoop; club, company; binding-hoop. _Un quart de —_; a quadrant. _Un demi-cercle_; a semicircle. _Décrire_, _former_, _un —_; to describe, to form, a circle. _— vicieux_; arguing in a circle; begging the question.

=cercler=, _v.a._, to bind with hoops, to hoop.

=cerclier=, _n.m._, hoop-maker.

*=cercueil= (-keu-), _n.m._, coffin; (fig.) grave, tomb. _— de bois_; shell. _Mettre au —_; to bring to the grave.

=céréale=, _adj._, cereal, corn.

=céréales=, _n.f.pl._, corn, grain, corn crops, cerealia. _Commerce des —_; corn-trade, breadstuffs.

=cérébral=, =-e=, _adj._, cerebral, brain. _Fièvre —e_; brain fever.

=cérébrite=, _n.f._, (med.) inflammation of the brain.

=cérémonial=, _n.m._, ceremonial; ceremony, ceremonies, etiquette, state.

=cérémoniaire=, _n.m._, master of the ceremonies.

=cérémonie=, _n.f._, ceremony; (biblical) ceremonial; fuss, ado. _Visite de —_; formal visit. _Faire des —s_; to stand upon ceremonies. _En grande —_; in state.

=cérémonieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, ceremonious, formal, precise.

=cérès=, _n.f._, (myth., astron.) Ceres; (fig.) harvest, corn.

=cerf= (sèr), _n.m._, stag, hart, deer. _— commun_; red-deer. _Un bois de —_; the horns of a stag. _Corne de —_; hartshorn.

*=cerfeuil=, _n.m._, (bot.) chervil. _— musqué_; sweet cicely.

=cerf-volant= (sèrvo-) _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) (ent.) stag-beetle, bull-fly; kite, paper-kite.

=cerisaie=, _n.f._, cherry-orchard.

=cerise=, _n.f._, cherry; (of coffee) berry.

=cerise=, _n.m._, cherry-color, cerise.

=cerisier=, _n.m._, (bot.) cherry-tree, cherry-wood.

=cerne=, _n.m._, (bot.) ring.

=cerneau=, _n.m._, kernel of a green walnut; green walnut.

=cerner=, _v.a._, to cut or dig round (a tree); to surround, to encompass, to hem in; to take the kernel out of green walnuts; (arch.) to gird; (milit.) to invest. _Des yeux cernés_; eyes with dark circles round them.

=cérocome=, _n.m._, (ent.) cerocoma.

=céroxyle=, _n.m._, (bot.) wax-palm, wax-tree.

=cerre=, _n.m._, bitter-oak.

=certain=, =-e=, _adj._, certain, sure, positive, undoubted; resolved, fixed, determined; some, certain. _C’est un homme d’un — mérite_; he is a man of some merit. _À —es époques de l’année_; at certain periods of the year. _Dans —s cas_; in certain cases. _Un — personnage_; a certain personage.

=certain=, _n.m._, certainty; certain; (exchange language) certain price. _Il ne faut pas quitter le — pour l’incertain_; we must not quit a certainty for an uncertainty.

=certainement= (-mān), _adv._, certainly, assuredly, without fail, indeed, surely, infallibly.

=certes=, _adv._, indeed, most certainly.

=certificat=, _n.m._, certificate, testimonial. _— de vie_; attestation, affidavit of existence.

=certificateur=, _n.m._, (jur.) certifier, voucher.

=certification=, _n.f._, certifying, vouching; witnessing.

=certifier=, _v.a._, to certify, to testify, to attest, to aver. _— une caution_; to guarantee that bail is valid. _— véritable_; to witness (a signature).

=certitude=, _n.f._, certitude, certainty; assurance, steadiness. _Avoir la —_; to be certain.

=cérumen= (-mèn), _n.m._, cerumen, ear-wax.

=cérumineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, waxy, ceruminous.

=céruse=, _n.f._, ceruse, white lead.

=cervaison=, _n.f._, (hunt.) stag-season.

=cerveau=, _n.m._, brain; mind; intelligence. _Rhume de —_; cold in the head. _— brûlé_; disordered brain. _Avoir le — creux_; to be crack-brained, visionary. _Être pris du —_; to have a cold in one’s head. _Se brûler le —_; to blow out one’s brains.

=cervelas=, _n.m._, saveloy, Bologna sausage.

=cervelet=, _n.m._, (anat.) cerebellum.

=cervelle=, _n.f._, brains; head; mind; pith (of palm-trees). _Se brûler la —_; to blow out one’s brains. _Cela lui tourne la —_; that turns his head. _Se creuser la —_; to puzzle one’s brains. _Tenir en —_; to keep in suspense.

=cervical=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) cervical.

=cervier=. _V._ =loup-cervier=.

=cervoise=, _n.f._, a sort of beer, ale.

=césar=, _n.m._, Cæsar; emperor, prince, conqueror.

=césarien=, =-ne= (-è-n), _adj._, Cesarean.

=césarisme=, _n.m._, Cæsarism.

=cessant=, =-e=, _adj._, ceasing. _Toute affaire —e_; to the suspension of all other business.

=cessation=, _n.f._, cessation, suspension, intermission, discontinuance, stoppage.

=cesse=, _n.f._, ceasing, intermission, rest, respite. _Parler sans —_; to talk for ever.

=cesser=, _v.n._, to cease, to leave off, to forbear, to discontinue, to give over, to be at an end, to have done, to intermit, to end. _Il ne cesse de pleurer_; he never leaves off crying. _Faire —_; to put a stop to, _or_ an end to.

=cesser=, _v.a._, to cease, to leave off; to intermit; to break off. _— ses payments_; (com.) to stop payment.

=cessible=, _adj._, (jur., com.) transferable, assignable.

=cession=, _n.f._, transfer, assignment (of property); yielding up, relinquishment; surrender.

=cessionnaire=, _n.m._, grantee; assignee, transferee.

=ceste=, _n.m._, (antiq., myth.) cestus, gauntlet; whirl-bat.

=césure=, _n.f._, cesura, pause, rest.

=cet=, =cette=. _V._ =ce=.

=cétacé=, =-e=, _adj._, cetaceous.

=cétacé=, _n.m._, cetaceous animal.

=cétérac=, _n.m._, (bot.) ceterach.

=cétine=, _n.f._, pure spermaceti, cetine.

=cétoine=, _n.f._, (ent.) floral-beetle.

=chable=, _n.m._, rope, tackle, tow-line.

=chabler=, _v.a._, to fasten a cable to a piece of timber; to lash, to fasten to a cable. _— les noyers_; to knock down walnuts with a pole.

=chableur=, _n.m._, water-bailiff.

=chablis=, _n.m._, wind-fallen wood, dead-wood; chablis (white wine).

=chaboisseau=, _n.m._, sea-scorpion.

=chabot=, _n.m._, (ich.) miller’s-thumb, bull-head.

=chabraque=, _n.f._ _V._ =schabraque=.

=chacal=, _n.m._, jackal.

=chaconne=, _n.f._, chacone (dance tune).

=chacun=, =-e=, _pron._, everyone, each. _— veut être heureux_; everybody wishes to be happy. _— en parle_; everybody speaks of it. _Rendre à — ce qui lui appartient_; to return everyone his own. _— vit à sa guise_; everyone lives as he likes. _— le sien, n’est pas trop_; everyone his own. _— a sa marotte_; every man has his hobby. _— pour soi_; everyone for himself. _— à son tour_; each in his turn. _Ils s’en retournèrent — chez eux_; each of them returned to his own home. _Vous danserez — à votre tour_; you will dance each in your turn. _Ils auront — leur part_; each of them will have his share. _Donnez à — sa part_; give everyone his share. _Tous les membres ont voté — selon ses instructions_; every member voted according to his instructions.

☉=chacunière=, _n.m._, one’s own house.

=chafouin=, =-e=, _adj._, sorry, mean-looking, pitiful, scrubby-looking.

=chafouin=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, pitiful object; poor wretch.

=chagrin=, _n.m._, sorrow, grief, vexation, trouble, concern, regret; fretfulness, peevishness, chagrin; shagreen (leather). _Mourir de —_; to die of a broken heart. _Demi-—_; half-bound.

=chagrin=, =-e=, _adj._, gloomy, melancholy, sad, dull, fretful, peevish, waspish, discontented, sullen, cross, morose.

=chagrinant=, =-e=, _adj._, sorrowful, sad; vexatious, provoking, troublesome.

☉=chagrinement= (-mān), _adv._, sorrowfully; peevishly, fretfully.

=chagriner=, _v.a._, to render gloomy, to grieve, to vex, to afflict, to cross, to trouble, to perplex, to disquiet; to shagreen (skins).

_se_ =chagriner=, _v.r._, to fret, to vex one’s self, to grieve, to take on.

=chagrinier=, _n.m._, shagreen-maker.

=chahut=, _n.m._, vulgar dance; row, shindy.

=chahuter=, _v.n._, to make a row, kick up a shindy.

=chai=, _n.m._, wine store (above ground).

=chaîne=, _n.f._, chain, shackle, cord; galleys, chain of galley-slaves; belting-course (for walls); bonds, bondage; drag-chain (of canals); warp (weaving); (land-surveying) chain, Gunter’s chain; (dancing) right and left. _— longue_; watch guard. _— de gilet_; Albert chain. _— de sûreté_; coupling-chain. _Charger quelqu’un de —s_; to load with fetters. _— de montagnes_; long ridge of mountains. _La — des idées_; the chain of ideas. _Attacher avec des —s_; to chain up. _Tendre des —s_; to lay chains across. _À la —_; chained up. _Faire la —_ (in a fire); to form in line; to pass buckets from hand to hand.

=chaînetier= (shên-tié), _n.m._, chain-maker.

=chaînette=, _n.f._, little chain; (arch.) catenary arch.

=chaînon=, _n.m._, link.

=chair=, _n.f._, flesh, meat; skin (of a person). _pl._, (paint.) flesh. _— vive_; quick flesh. _— morte_; dead skin. _— ferme_, _molle_; firm, soft, flesh. _—s baveuses_; (med.) proud flesh. _— blanche_; white meat. _— noire_; game. _— de poule_; goose-flesh, (med.) _cutis anseris_. _J’en ai la — de poule_; I shudder at the thought, it makes my flesh creep. _Un morceau de —_; a piece of meat. _La — d’un poisson_; the fleshy part of a fish. _Couleur de —_; flesh-color. _Convoitises de la —_; the lusts of the flesh. _Le Verbe s’est fait —_; the Word was made flesh. _La résurrection de la —_; the resurrection of the body. _Pester entre cuir et —_; to keep one’s ill humor to one’s self. _Hacher menu comme — à pâté_; to make mince meat of. _Ni — ni poisson_; neither fish, flesh nor fowl. _En — et en os_; in flesh and blood.

=chaire=, _n.f._, pulpit; professorship; desk (in churches); bishop’s throne. _Monter en —_; to mount the pulpit. _— apostolique_; apostolic see. _— curule_; curule chair. _— de droit_; professorship of law.