Part 6

From Lakeside Cottages you wheel up by the Lakeside station, cross the track, and turn to the left into the road running into Hartland. From Hartland to Nagawicka the road follows most of the way along by the railroad, passing Pine Lake, and then, still following the railroad, runs through Nashotah, at the head of Nagawicka Lake, continuing through a slightly hilly country to Okauchee, and thence passing between Okauchee Lake and Oconomowoc Lake, crossing the railroad just before reaching Giffords, and recrossing again a mile beyond, running thence into Oconomowoc. The road is easily found, except at a point just as you pass through Okauchee, where, on reaching the school-house, you turn to the left where the road forks and run direct to Giffords, as described. From Hartland to Oconomowoc the road is through very attractive country, covered with thriving farms, with frequently a water view over one of the lakes that is well worth the ride from Waukesha. Here and there you see summer cottages of city people in the midst of the farming country. The hills between Nashotah and Okauchee are easy to climb, as they are all graded, and the roads are as fine as any in that part of the State. The gravel which lies on the top is well rolled down.

After having had two or three hours' rest in the middle of the day, with dinner at Oconomowoc, the return trip can be made by what is called the Nashotah road, passing Soft Water Lake, and running on between upper and lower Nashotah lakes, thence following the road into Delafield, crossing the stream in the centre of the town, and running out eastward along the lower end of Nagawicka Lake. From this point the run into Waukesha is made over what is known as the graded road to Waukesha. This trip can be made easily in time for you to arrive in Waukesha early enough to take a late afternoon train for Chicago.

The whole country about Waukesha is filled with lakes and with picturesque scenery, and this particular trip can be extended in several different ways by circling any one of the lakes, or by making a stay of a day or two at any one of the towns, especially Pewaukee. Besides this, a good way to reach Waukesha is to take a steamer from Chicago to Milwaukee, and then ride down to Waukesha itself over the Waukesha-Milwaukee road race-course, the distance being twenty-five miles. This particular route will be given in the ROUND TABLE at an early date. The Waukesha route itself is about thirty-six miles in all.

Any questions in regard to photograph matters will be willingly answered by the Editor of this column, and we should be glad to hear from any of our club who can make helpful suggestions.

THE MYSTERY OF SILVER FEINTING.

Correctly speaking, the image on the sensitive paper is permanent when it is removed from the printing-frame, but the silver chloride which has not been acted upon by the light is still sensitive, and unless it is removed, it would also decompose, and thus the picture would be lost. In order to preserve this picture some chemical agent must be used which shall remove or dissolve the unchanged chloride of silver.

It has been shown that the portion of the chloride of silver which has been acted upon by the light has been changed to a different chemical compound. Any chemical process to which the picture might be subjected would be likely to act on each compound in a different manner. In order to preserve the picture some chemical agent must be employed which shall remove or dissolve the silver chloride, but which shall not affect the chemical compound which forms the picture.

After many experiments a safe, and now cheap,[2] agent was found in hyposulphite of soda. When the print is placed in a solution of hyposulphite of soda a new compound is formed--silver sodium hyposulphite. This double salt dissolves very quickly in water, and is easily washed out of the film. If, however, the hypo solution is not strong enough, another compound is formed, which will not dissolve, and cannot be washed out of the film. It decomposes by degrees, and produces a yellowish-brown deposit, which ruins the paper or film. This is the reason why prints and films are a dull yellowish color; it is the formation of an insoluble salt by using too weak hypo, or not leaving the paper or negative long enough in the solution.

[2] When Herschel discovered that hyposulphite of soda was a solvent for chloride of silver, the price was one guinea per pound.

Each atom of nitrate of silver requires three atoms of hyposulphite of soda to form the soluble double salt. Negatives require a solution double the strength of that used for prints. The proportion for negatives is 1 oz. of hyposulphite of soda to 4 oz. of water, while the solution for prints requires 8 oz. of water to 1 oz. of hypo.

Hypo does not keep well in solution, and should be made up in small quantities. It is better to keep the bottles containing it in a dark place, or to wrap them in paper. A small piece of chalk dropped in the solution will counteract or neutralize any trace of acid that may be formed.

A bottle which has contained hypo, or a dish in which it has been used for fixing purposes, should not be used for other chemicals. Hypo will penetrate glass or porcelain in a few days, and therefore contaminates any solution which is placed in a vessel which has once contained it.

The only printing process in which water is used as a clearing or fixing agent is in the cyanotype or "blue-print" process. This blue-print paper is coated with a solution of potassium ferrocyanide and ammonio-citrate of iron. Each of these salts is soluble in water, but when the paper with which they are coated is exposed to the action of light, the two substances combine and form a compound which is something of the nature of "Prussian blue." This compound is insoluble in water, and when a print is made on the sensitive paper and placed in water the salts which have not been acted upon by the light dissolve and wash away, while the compound formed by the union of the two salts under the light action remains, and the image is permanent.

A curious experiment may be made with the blue print. A paper is coated with an equal mixture of the two salts in equal proportions, and a blue print made on it in the usual way. When this print is dry, if it is placed in a solution of proto-nitrate of mercury the picture will soon disappear. If this apparently clear paper is washed and dried, and ironed with a hot iron--not hot enough to scorch the paper--the picture will gradually reappear, but the color will now be brown instead of blue. When this picture is placed for a few days in a book or portfolio it will fade away, but can be restored by again pressing with a hot iron.

The next paper will give the explanation of the toning or--as the early photographers termed it--the coloring process of the silver print.

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THE SECOND SUMMER,

many mothers believe, is the most precarious in a child's life; generally it may be true, but you will find that mothers and physicians familiar with the value of the Gail Borden Eagle Brand Condensed Milk do not so regard it.--[_Adv._]

ADVERTISEMENTS.

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Reader: Have you seen the

It is a Collection which no one who loves music should fail to own; it should find a place in every home. Never before, it may truthfully be said, has a song book been published at once so cheap, so good, and so complete.--_Colorado Springs Gazette._

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* * * * *

Magic Squares.

Magic squares have been so called on account of the wonderful powers which the ancients thought they possessed. According to this idea, a square containing one cell represented the Deity, the product of unity by itself always being unity. The square of the root two represented imperfection, while a square of nine cells was consecrated to Saturn, of sixteen to Jupiter, of twenty-five to Mars, of thirty-six to the Sun, of forty-nine to Venus, of sixty-four to Mercury, and of eighty-one to the Moon. There are even and odd magic squares. Added vertically, horizontally, or diagonally the result will be the same. A still more ingenious square is so arranged that when it is lessened by one, two, or three bands on each side it will still remain "magic." Still another square is divided into four compartments, each compartment being magic.

ODD SQUARE.

EVEN SQUARE.

BORDERED SQUARE.

COMPARTMENT SQUARE.

VINCENT V. M. BEEDE, R.T.F.

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An Unreliable Florida Lake.

There is a lake quite near to our house which is covered with weeds and tall grass. From a distance it presents the appearance of a large swamp. In this lake there are a number of clear places, which are said to have no bottom, and are called "sinks." It is said that twice this lake has run dry, the water escaping through one of these sinks. Millions of fishes were left on the sand, and wagons came and carried them off to be sold. I have also been told that one of the farmers planted a field of rice in one of the fertile places that the lake had uncovered. The rice grew and nourished in the rich ground, when one morning, looking out to see how it was growing, he found that the lake had come back in the night and had buried his rice-field.

Have you ever tasted fresh figs? When at a friend's house the other day some were brought in, and I tasted one. I found it to be very sweet and sticky inside, and was what is called "sickish." I would like to correspond with any member of the Round Table who is interested in finding out the strange things in other countries.

MARION M. CLUTE, R.T.L. LAKE CITY, FLA.

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Kinks.

No. 14.--HIDDEN NAME.

Prose by Optic, Poe, and Emerson offers no greater variety than would poetry by Goldsmith, Ruskin, Edgeworth, Greene, Otway, Reade, Young, Irving, and Xerxes, had all written poetry. Find the name of the man who sent usurers to England to loan money to poor people unable to pay tithes, which usurers, having offices on a certain London street, give it a name to this day.

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No. 15.--BEHEADING.

Behead the foot of a horse, and leave a fruit; behead again, and leave part of the horse; behead again, and leave before.

SIMON T. STERN.

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No. 16.--THREE KITCHEN RECEIPTS.

First have your stove intensely warm If this dish you'd properly make: Then into it put two less than a dozen Of tiny creatures to bake. By following directions you find it will give A well-known people who in Africa live.

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Make your first layer of a very small article, Your last of an equally small measure. Between them place the beginning of speech. A transposition you have at your pleasure.

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Take a dish for an invalid, Neither liquid nor solid. Mix it well with a space That's broad and not squalid. 'Twill make you a dish That epicures covet, And all who partake Will vow that they love it.

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No. 17.--A MENU.

Soup--lake in Minnesota. Fish--cape in Massachusetts, river in Connecticut. Roast--river in Tennessee, lake in California. Vegetables--river in Vermont, river in Alabama. Entrées--town in Arizona, river in Montana. Dessert--city in New Jersey, island off Connecticut coast, river in Arkansas, river in Montana, river in Mississippi.

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No. 18.--A DINNER PARTY.

Some time ago, no matter when, a grand dinner party was given, at which were guests who assumed the following names, in order to make the feast a celebration, by famous Americans, of a great American event. The assumed names were:

1, Common, a county, a human being. 2, Government appropriation. 3, Good advice, to cease from. 4, Casual, worn out, a slip. 5, A fish, a city in Oregon, to pursue. 6, A vegetable, a drink, a hinderance, torpid. 7, An Irish nickname, a stack, a fowl, grain. 8, An animal's cry, meat, a torch, to peruse. 9, To agree, cleansing, a weight. 10, Two Bible characters, a meadow. 11, A patriarch, a beverage. 12, To satisfy, a wine, a cave. 13, A small truck, a cry, a film, a heavenly body. 14, A past participle, a sweetmeat, a tavern, hirsute, a relation. 15, A fowl, to recompense, the strand, to wander. 16, A plant, a verb, two letters, residences. 17, A nickname, an animal, a whirlpool, a luminary. 18, A bird, a Russian, a small room, to sink, to flow. 19, An outfit, a chariot, a relation. 20, Headgear, a weight, an animal.

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Answers to Kinks.

No. 9.

Central letters.--Meleager. Cross-words.--1, Plummet. 2, Bisects. 3, Mallard. 4, Foreman. 5, Durance. 6, Leggins. 7, Creeper. 8, Starred.

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No. 10.

1, 1808. 2, 375 A.D. 3, A. 4, 6. 5, _Nein_ (9). 6, Cat. 7, 85. 8, 60 tons. 9. 1880 carats.

Solution.-- 1808-375=1433+1=1434÷6=239x9=2151÷3=717-85=632+60=692+1880=2571. Square root of 25=5x2=10, number of letters in _Euphrosyne_.

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No. 11.--A dream.

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No. 12.--Caprice--a price, price, rice, ice, ream, cream, ice-cream.

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No. 13.

Donkey, keynote, notelet, letter, terror, roral, allot, lotto, tower, ergot, gotten, tender, derma, marine, renal, alarm, armor, mortal, tallow, Lowell, well done.

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Much In a Right Beginning.

Governor William E. Russell, of Massachusetts, who died recently at the age of thirty-nine, but had in that short life been Mayor of his city and Governor of his State, and had gained national fame, early began to think and act right. As a school-boy, when boating with five companions, his craft was overturned, and he swam a mile to shore. Asked by his mother about his struggle to reach land, he said, "I thought of you, prayed to God, and kept my arms and legs in stroke."

THE END OF OLD MONEY.

Every one has at some time or another received in change a ragged bill, sometimes in such a dilapidated condition that it is held together with pieces of gummed tissue-paper, made expressly for that purpose. When such bills are received, the desire is to get rid of them as quickly as possible, and so they pass from hand to hand, until finally they reach some bank that will turn them into one of Uncle Sam's treasuries.

Uncle Sam would like to keep his paper money clean, and he endeavors to withdraw from circulation every ragged bill. Eventually most every bill finds its way back to the Treasury after a life of from two to four years, except those that are lost, or destroyed in fires, etc. It is an almost impossible task to recall them all, yet the number that are withdrawn provide work for a large department in the Treasury Building at Washington. If one passes through the corridors and should glance into this room, he will see a lot of girls busily counting bundles of dirty greenbacks of all denominations. When the count is carefully tabulated, the bundles are stacked on the floor in small piles. It is not an uncommon sight to see two of the girl counters seated on a pile of these bills chatting to each other, doubtless of some social matter, utterly regardless of the fact that they may be sitting on some hundred thousand dollars of actual money.

The end of these old bills that have served their purpose so faithfully has a certain amount of pathos. If one is fortunate enough to be present when a committee of three officers of the Treasury send them to their destruction, a curious, almost indescribable sensation will creep over one. This destruction takes place in a room in the Treasury Building. There is a small table in the centre of the room, and on this the bundled bills are piled in reckless confusion. Through two holes in the floor at the end of the table can be seen the large cylinders or macerators into which the bills are placed. They are about the size of locomotive boilers. A large funnel is inserted in one of the holes, and it connects with one of the macerators. The bills are then untied and thrown into the mouth of this funnel. It is amusing to see one of the committee take a stick when they become jammed and prod them through. When the last one is safely in, a mixture of lime and soda-ash is placed in the macerator, a cover is clamped over the ventricle, and each member of the committee fastens it with a separate lock. Steam is then turned on, and the cylinders are set in motion. When the bills have been thoroughly macerated the pulp is drawn off and taken to a paper-machine, where it is made into sheets of paper, and afterwards sold.

Some one suggested the idea of using part of the pulp to make little fancy images. The idea was adopted, and dainty little knick-knacks made of the pulp can be bought in the stores in Washington. The salesmen often induce the possible purchaser to buy by telling him that the image at one time represented a large sum of money.

To pick up one of these images is to give rise to thought, for here embodied in a small compass is that which was once part of the greatest power in the world.

A wise young woman understands That Ivory Soap is best to use For outing flannels, sunburned hands, Light summer gowns and tennis shoes.

Copyright, 1896, by The Procter & Gamble Co., Cin'ti.

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HARPER'S CATALOGUE

thoroughly revised, classified, and indexed, will be sent by mail to any address on receipt of ten cents.

MARK TWAIN'S JOAN OF ARC.

Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc. By the Sieur LOUIS DE CONTE, her Page and Secretary. Freely Translated out of the Ancient French into Modern English from the Original Unpublished Manuscript in the National Archives of France, by JEAN FRANÇOIS ALDEN. Illustrated from Original Drawings by F. V. DU MOND, and from Reproductions of Old Paintings and Statues, pp. xvi., 461. Crown 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental, $2.50.

One of the most delightful books of the time. It is read with keen enjoyment, and its leaves will be turned over again many times in delicious reminiscence of its fascinating episodes and its entrancing digressions.--RICHARD HENRY STODDARD, in _N. Y. Mail and Express_.

Mark Twain, in the best book he has ever written, has given us a life of Joan of Arc so amazing in its realism, its vividness and force, that, like Shakespeare's plays, it compels acceptance.... It seems to us that Mark Twain's "Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc" is not only the best thing he has ever done, but one of the best things done by anybody in fiction for a long time past.--_Speaker_, London.

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NEW EDITION OF MARK TWAIN'S WORKS.

From New Electrotype Plates. Crown 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental:

=THE ADVENTURES OF HUCKLEBERRY FINN.= With Photogravure Portrait of the Author, and Other Illustrations. $1.75.

We are suspicious of the middle-aged person who has not read "Huckleberry Finn"; we envy the young person who has it still in store.... After the humor of the book has had its way then the pathos will be apparent, and later still will come the recognition of the value of these sketches as pictures of a civilization now ended.--_Philadelphia Ledger._

=LIFE ON THE MISSISSIPPI.= Illustrated. $1.75.

Mr. Clemens's picture of the by-gone time is most graphic.... Throughout the book Mr. Clemens's powers of humor and pathos are continually shown.--_Boston Transcript._

=THE PRINCE AND THE PAUPER.= Illustrated. $1.75.

Aptly described as "a tale for young people of all ages," for it is a delight to grown-up folk to read it. It is doubtful if Mr. Clemens ever did a more artistically consistent thing than this, and in the ultimate appraisal of his fiction it is sure to rank very high.--_Hartford Courant._

=A CONNECTICUT YANKEE IN KING ARTHUR'S COURT.= Illustrated. $1.75.

The story will be recalled as one of the quaintest and most original of this quaint and original writer's works.... Fascinating clear through.--_Brooklyn Times._

Other Volumes to Follow.

* * * * *

Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York.

THE INTRODUCTION.

* * * * *

A WISE BOY.

HELEN (_awed_). "Oh, Tommie, aren't you awfully afraid of the bears they tell about up here?"

TOMMIE. "Naw! I'm not afraid of the bears anybody tells about. I'm only afraid of the bears I see."

* * * * *

A HAND-CLAPPER.

"Papa," said Willie, as he entered his father's room at the Mountain House, "can I join the band here?"

"I don't know. As what--bass-drummer?"

"No, clapper," said Willie.

"You can't play the clappers," said his father.