Part 6

The Catholic Church of England, and what she teaches, a lecture. Manchester [printed], London, 1864. Monks and Nuns, in reply to two Lectures of Father Ignatius, O. S. B., 1864. Ignatius ... to ... Father Darby [in reply to his Lecture on Monks and Nuns]. 1864.

IGNATIUS (Father) Passionist, _name of religious order_ [Hon. and Rev. GEORGE SPENCER].

The Life of Blessed Paul of the Cross, translated by ----, London, 1860.

Life of Father Ignatius of St. Paul, Passionist [Hon. George Spencer]. By the Rev. Father Pius a Sp. Sancto, Passionist. London, _Duffy_, 1866.

IGNATIUS (Grandfather) _ironym_ [ ].

Re-generation or De-generation, a Pill for the Parsons and a Spur for Spurgeon. [Lond., 1864].

IGNATIUS (John) _pseud._?

Advance of the Sikh Army upon India; and other Poems. London, Derby (printed). 1847.

INDICUS, _pseud._ [Major EVANS BELL].

The Rajah and Principality of Mysore. 1865.

IRELAND (Samuel William Henry) _literary forger_.

Miscellaneous Papers and Instruments under the hand and Seal of William Shakespeare, including the Tragedy of King Lear, and a small fragment of Hamlet, from the original. 1796, folio, £4. 4s.

An imposture on a grander scale was never conceived or executed; and perhaps we may add, with all respect to the learned celebrities who were deceived by it, that dupes more easily satisfied, more credulous and unsuspecting, were never met with. It must be admitted that a very opportune period was chosen for the imposition; and taking into consideration the youth of the individual by whom it was perpetrated,--that he had not at the time attained his twentieth year,--it must also be confessed that it was carried out with considerable cleverness and ingenuity.

Ireland was the son of a gentleman who is known as the author of several Picturesque Tours, and some illustrations of Hogarth--a man of considerable taste, and an ardent admirer of Shakespeare.

He had been articled to an attorney, and having daily opportunities of inspecting ancient deeds and writings, he seems to have occupied his leisure, first in deciphering, and afterwards in copying and imitating them. Possessed of this dangerous talent, his father’s reverence for the great English dramatist, and his own ambition for distinction, suggested to his mind the daring imposture by which he rendered himself remarkable. From an attentive examination of the authentic signature of Shakespeare, he soon learned to imitate the character of his handwriting with facility; and from time to time presented his father with scraps of MS., to account for the possession of which he invented a most romantic and improbable story.

For a long time Ireland made almost daily additions to his pretended discoveries. Was it possible that his father had no suspicion of their origin, and was he entirely deceived by the monstrous assertions of his clever but unprincipled son? The appearance of the MSS. went far to prove their genuineness. A number of literary gentlemen voluntarily subscribed their names to a declaration of their authenticity. It is further stated that Mr. Boswell, the biographer of Johnson, previously to signing his name, fell upon his knees, and in a tone of enthusiasm and exultation thanked God he had lived to witness the discovery, and exclaimed that he could now die in peace.

One of the ablest critics of the day, however, Mr. Malone, remained unconvinced.

Believing himself possessed of a most invaluable treasure--in spite of the protestations of his son, who dreaded and foresaw the exposure of the fraud--Mr. Samuel Ireland determined on publishing the “discoveries,” and printed a large portion of them in a fine folio volume, the title of which is given at the head of this article.

A very slight examination of this volume would, it has been thought, have shown the transparency of the fraud.

The most daring imposition, however, remains to be told. On the 2nd of April, 1796, the play of Vortigern and Rowena “from the pen of Shakespeare,” was announced for representation at Drury Lane Theatre. Public excitement was at its height. As the evening approached, every avenue to the theatre was thronged with anxious crowds, eager to obtain admission. Thousands, it is said, were turned away.

The fraud, however, was very soon discovered, and an attempt that was made to announce the play for repetition was wisely withdrawn, the unanimous voice of the public having proclaimed the imposture. This failure was a death-blow to the fraud. Gratified by the notoriety he had acquired, Ireland was induced to publish the following full and free confession in “An Authentic Account of the Shakespeare Manuscripts.”

“I solemnly declare, first, that my father was perfectly unacquainted with the whole affair, believing the papers most firmly the productions of Shakespeare. Secondly, that I am myself both the author and writer, and had no aid from any soul living, and that I should never have gone so far, but that the world praised the papers so much, and thereby flattered my vanity. Thirdly, that any publication which may appear tending to prove the MSS. genuine, or to contradict what is here stated, is false; this being the true account.

“W. H. IRELAND.”

It must be confessed that circumstances seemed to warrant the suspicion that father and son were equally implicated, and even the latter’s solemn declaration to the contrary could not remove the impression that had been made on the public mind. To the time of his death, in 1835, he carried with him the significant sobriquet of Shakespeare Ireland.

The above is chiefly abridged from the article by F. Lawrence in Sharpe’s London Magazine.

In Chalcographomania, which is said to be written by Ireland, these observations are made. They almost seem to render his being its author doubtful.

Weeps o’er false Shakesperian lore, Which sprang from Maisterre Ireland’s store; Whose impudence deserves the rod, For having ap’d the muse’s god.

To this latter the following note is added.

“It has frequently afforded me a matter of astonishment to think how this literary fraud could have so long duped the world, and involved in its deceptious vortex such personages as Parr, Wharton, and Sheridan, not omitting Jemmy Boswell, of Johnsonian renown; nor can I even refrain from smiling whensoever the volumes of Malone and Chalmers, together with the pamphlets of Boaden, Waldron, Wyatt, and Philalethes, otherwise ---- Webb, Esq., chance to fall in my way.”--p. 57.

See Shakespeare (William).

ISA, _prenonym_ [ISA CRAIG, afterwards KNOX].

Poems. Edinb. and London, 1856.

ISABEL, _pseudonym_ [W. GILMORE SIMMS].

Pelayo; or, the Cavern of Covadonga, a romance (in verse). New York, 1836.

IT MATTERS NOT _WHO_, _phraseonym_ [Rev. E. NARES].

Heraldic Anomalies, or Rank and Confusion in our Orders of Precedence. By ----. London, 1823.

J.

JACIA, _pseud._ [JOHN CRANE].

Remarks on Coinage. London, 1859.

JAQUES, _pseud._ [J. HAIN FRISWELL].

The “Censor” in the Evening Star, 1867.

J. B., Gent., _initialism_ [ ].

The Meteor; or a Short Blaze, but a Bright one, a farce. 1809.

J. B. P., _init._ [PAYNE]. Moxon’s Miniature Poets. 1865.

J. C., _initialism_ [JAMES CLAY, M.P.].

A treatise on Short Whist. This is bound up with the Laws of Short Whist, edited by J. L. Baldwin, 1864.

Another little work on this subject was published under these initials, but it is not by this gentleman.

J. C. B. _init._ [JOHN COXE BOYCE].

Poetical Productions of my Youth. Birm., 1842.

Written at the age of 15. Privately printed.

See Martin, Cat.

J. C. G., _initialism_ [JULIA C. GRIMANI].

Sacred Lyrics. London, J. R. Smith, 1849.

J. C. G. (Marin de P * * *) _init._ [ ].

A Fortnight in Paris ... with an Historical Notice by J. C. G. Marin de P * * * Translated from a new and enlarged French edition, by J. Fisher, of Paris, with ... a map. Paris, 1863.

J. D., _disguised-author_ [J. D. B. DE BOW].

The Political Annals of South Carolina. By a Citizen (signing himself J. D). Charleston, 1845.

J. D., _init._ [DISTURNELL].

The Eastern Tourist, being a guide through the States of Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine, also a Dash into Canada. New York, 1848.

J. D., _init._ [JOHN DIX].

Pen-Pictures of Popular English Preachers; with Limnings of Listeners in Church and Chapel. By J. D., author of the Life of Chatterton, etc. London, Stokesby (printed). 1851.

JENKINS (Peter), see Tomkins (Isaac). 1835.

J. F. D., _init._ [ ].

The Outcast, or the Wonderful Dealings of Divine Grace exhibited in the history of Kate ---- (edited by J. F. D.). 2nd edition. Dublin, 1856.

J. G., _init._ [JAMES GLASSFORD].

Miscellanea [Translations in English from the Latin of etc.], Edinb., 1818, 4to. Privately printed.

Notes of three Tours in Ireland in 1824-6. Bristol [1830].

Not published.

J. H. B. M., _init._ [MOUNTAIN].

A Sermon preached at Blunham Church ... on ... the completion of an East Window, by M. F. Sadler (with a preface by ----). London, 1864.

J. H. H. H., see Little (T.) junior, _ps._ [ ].

J. H. M., _init._ [MONK].

Memoir of Duport, Regius Professor of Greek and Dean of Peterborough (by ----, from the Museum Criticum) [Cambridge, 1825].

J. H. N., _init._ [Father NEWMAN].

The Dream of Gerontius. 1865.

Dedicated to Father Gordon, of the Oratory, Brompton, by his friend J. H. N.

J. K. L., _initialism_ [JAMES DOYLE, Roman Catholic Bishop of Kildare and Leighlin].

Letters on the state of Education in Ireland and Dublin, 1824.

These letters excited a great deal of controversy, and produced a number of anonymous pamphlets.

Observations addressed to H. Phillpotts [afterwards Bishop of Exeter]. Liverpool, 1828.

J. L. A., _initialism_ [ANDERDON].

River Dove; with some quiet Thoughts on the Happy Practice of Angling. Lond. [18--.] Privately printed also published by _Pickering_, 1847.

See Smith’s Cat. on Angling.

J. M., _initialism_ [MORGAN].

Elegy, Mark Luke Grayston. _Woodbridge_, 1830. _s.sh._

J. M., Rev. D.D., F.S.A., _init._ [J. MILNER, Bishop of Castabala].

A vindication of the End of Religious Controversy, etc. London, 1822.

J. M., _init._ [JOHN MUIR].

The Course of Divine Revelation, etc. Calcutta, 1846.

J. M., _init._ [JOHN MARTIN].

An Inquiry into the Authority for Echard’s Statement in his History of England, etc. London, 1852.

J. M. and C. C., _polynym_ [JOHN MILL CHANTER and CHARLOTTE CHANTER].

Jack Frost and other tales. London, 1858.

J. N. D., _init._ [JOHN NELSON DARBY].

A number of tracts, etc., on religious subjects. 1861-5.

J. O., _init._ (Jacob Omnium, _pseud._ q.v.) [M. J. HIGGINS].

The Story of the Mhow Court-Martial (reprinted from the Cornhill Magazine). London, 1864.

JOBSON (Frederick J.) D.D.

Whether Dr. Jobson has been guilty of plagiarism is a difficult matter to determine. So difficult, that taking into consideration his denial, we shall let our readers judge for themselves, by giving the accusation and answer from the Athenæum, with no alteration but a correction of the paging, etc.

Supposing that there is no ground for accusing Dr. Jobson of borrowing without acknowledgment, then this correspondence comes in as part of our plan. It certainly is one of the most remarkable instances of two writers expressing their ideas in similar words, though at an interval of several years.

LITERARY LARCENY. [To the Editor of the _Athenæum_].

Hammersmith, Feb. 14, 1863.

Some four or five years ago I published a little book of Travels called ‘Southern Lights and Shadows,’ which--thanks to kindly notices in your columns and elsewhere--was tolerably successful. The work, however, was sadly abused in the Australian colonies, and, for some reason or other which was never made apparent to me, gave sore offence to the Methodists of New South Wales. The volume has, I think, run out of print, and is probably by this time forgotten. Nevertheless, it has strangely been decreed that a leader of the body who were most offended at it shall revive and perpetuate its “obnoxious” pages.

Within the last day or two a “second edition” of a book entitled ‘Australia; with Notes by the Way,’ by Frederick J. Jobson, D.D., has come under my notice. I cannot exactly tell what led me to look into its pages, unless from a desire of seeing how a Methodist divine would deal with a subject which, under my treatment, had proved so unpleasant to the Wesleyan community of Trans-Pacifica. Imagine my surprise when I found that, from the opening to the close of Dr. Jobson’s volume, the leading paragraphs were stolen from my ‘Southern Lights and Shadows’! This is a serious charge to bring against any author, and so specially serious when brought against an author who carries D.D. at the end of his name, that I feel bound to support it with direct and unmistakeable evidence. I append, therefore, in parallel columns, a few of the passages which appeared in ‘Southern Lights and Shadows’ in 1859, and which now re-appear, with but the slightest and shallowest disguise (a disguise of so transparent a character that, like the _coa vestis_, it only serves to reveal what it affects to hide), in ‘Australia; with Notes by the Way,’ in 1863:

_My Book_ [1859]. _Dr. Jobson’s Book_ [1863].

The evenings in Australia are The evenings at Sydney were at singularly beautiful. I have often times singularly beautiful. The read a newspaper by the light of moon was so bright and large that the moon. The stars are very you could see to read by it. The white and large, and seem to drop stars, too, were brighter and pendulous from the blue, like larger than ours in appearance, silver lamps from a dome of and seemed to drop like pendent calaite.--P. 85. lamps of glittering crystal from the deep blue dome above.--P. 126.

All Dr. Jobson does here is to give us his new lamps of crystal for my old ones of silver.

_My Book._ _Dr. Jobson’s Book._

In Sydney and its immediate There are more than five hundred neighbourhood there are no less public-houses in Sydney and than five hundred public-houses, its immediate neighbourhood, and many of them as great and garish some of them are as ... gay and as the gin-palaces of London. garish as our own street corner --P. 52. gin-palaces.--P. 157.

As Dr. Jobson was writing three years after me, he, no doubt, conceived it a safe and subtle alteration to turn the word “less” into “more;” but as the “five” was a misprint for _three_ in my book, his caution has only made the trap into which he has put his foot clip it the closer. A similar maladroitness characterizes the reverend author’s picking and stealing throughout. The reader will see it strikingly displayed in the next example, where the sentences are so unaltered in themselves, and yet so changed in their sequence and order, that, like the boy who steals the eggs in ‘Parents and Guardians,’ Dr. Jobson evidently thinks he has only to shift position to annihilate identity.

[For brevity we here omit two long parallel passages].

In the first-quoted plagiarism Dr. Jobson gave “crystal” for “silver”--in the above he supplies “brittle pottery” for “crystal.” My “dogs” only are afflicted by the hot wind--Dr. Jobson blasts the beasts of the field and the birds of the air. My “great-coat is buttoned tightly around” me--Dr. Jobson’s “great-coat” is only thought “desirable.” But this is accounted for, as with me the thermometer “sinks fifty or sixty degrees,” while with Dr. Jobson it “sinks _down_” but “forty or fifty.” My “compact wall,” “Last Seal” and “Apocalypse,” however, are taken bodily. It is scarcely worth while pointing out the ludicrous errors which, in “dodging” my description about, Dr. Jobson has committed. The “brickfielder” is not the hot wind at all; it is but another name for the cold wind or “southerly-buster,” which _follows_ the hot breeze, and which, blowing over an extensive sweep of sand-hills, called the Brickfields, semicircling Sydney, carries a thick cloud of dust (or “brickfielder”) across the city. How true is old Butler’s remark that some plagiarists accompany their robberies with murder to prevent detection!

_My Book._ _Dr. Jobson’s book._

It (the mosquito) comes buzzing The pungent bites of musquitoes, against your cheek with a drowsy which in the evening, whether sing-song _whir_, fixes its suckers in public, social, or private life, into the flesh, and bounds off with come buzzing against your cheek another song--a kind of _carmen with a peculiar _whir_, fixing triumphale_--leaving a large red their blood-suckers in the flesh, mark behind it, which is far more and then, after drawing their full irritating than a healing blister potion, flying off with a flutter of ... They have a great relish--being triumph, leaving a blotch behind, epicures in their way--for which, until ripened to a yellow the round, fat, mottled part of head, is far more irritating than a the hand ridging the off-side of healing blister.... And they have the palm. In about two seconds evidently a high relish for the one will sow it with bumps and round fat part of the hand, _from blisters _from the wrist to the the wrist-bone to the little little finger_.... They, too, finger_. If this part be exposed especially hate and harass the from under the coverlid for five new chum. Pp. 83-4. minutes, it will be sown all over by them with bumps and blisters, not to be forgotten till the next night, if so soon. They, too, like the boys in the streets, have wanton pleasure in vexing “new chums.” Pp. 158-9.

One very brief illustration more, and I have finished with Dr. Jobson:--

_My Book._ _Dr. Jobson’s Book._

The shark gleaming, green and _Sat. March 2._--Pleasant passage still, just an arm’s depth below down the harbour, in which, the surface.--P. 131. gleaming, still and green, at not more than an arm’s depth from the surface, the ravenous shark might be seen.--P. 173.

This last example raises one’s gorge. I close my book with an attempt at a panorama of sea scenery, _and, in the middle of a sentence_, are the words quoted in the left hand column above. Dr. Jobson, after concluding his description of Sydney with these words,--“Only let the churches of Christ send an adequate number of missionaries to India, China, the multitude of the isles, and to the interior of Africa, and these heathen regions shall assuredly be evangelized: these realms of sin become the kingdom of our God and of his Christ!” (p. 174)--opens the next section of his book with _my_ fish! If a whale once appropriated a missionary, verily here is a missionary appropriating a shark!

In closing, let me say that my only object in asking you to insert this letter is to direct other writers on the subject to Dr. Jobson’s book. If he has taken so much from me, I have no doubt he has--to use an Australian phrase--“jumped other claims” for the balance of his nuggets.

Frank Fowler.

47, City Road, March 3, 1863.

In justice alike to me and to the public who have purchased, within fourteen months nearly three editions of my volume on ‘Australia, with Notes by the Way,’ I am sure you will give me space to reply to a communication which appeared in your columns of February 21, but which I did not see till nearly the end of last week.

As to any quarrel which your Correspondent has had with my friends on the other side of the globe I know nothing at all. Up to the time when his letter was given in the _Athenæum_, I had not heard of his ‘Southern Lights and Shadows;’ and as he states that the book is out of print, I cannot hope to examine it [Dr. Jobson could have seen it in the British Museum], else I should be curious to learn how his “little book” on New South Wales only, could supply the “leading paragraphs” “from the opening to the close” of my post-octavo volume of nearly three hundred pages [only 112 pages relate to Australia and Tasmania], and which treats, not only of all the Australasian Colonies, but also of all the principal countries in the way to them. I might also try to ascertain whether he has broken up his own paragraphs, after the fashion of his dealing with mine [The paragraphs seem to us fairly quoted.] Every one knows how easy it is by such a process to make things look alike, which are in their own setting and original connexion sufficiently different. Not that I am about to charge this writer with intentional misrepresentation: an attempt at brevity may be a great part of the explanation.

The fact is, that in my travels I did as everybody else does: that is, I read whatever came in my way bearing on the countries through which I was passing; but I took care to note down my own observations and impressions; and if, in doing so, some terms, perfectly true to my own views, though, possibly, they had been employed by others, adhered to my memory, and found their way into my manuscript, no reader of books of travel could feel surprise. In the several colonies of Australia, as in other parts of the world (as often as I could do so), I availed myself of the judgment of intelligent friends, who had the advantage of longer residence, with a view to secure accuracy in the statement of facts, etc. In this instance, there are peculiar circumstances which, for explanation and proof, rest upon minute examination, not only of my own manuscript notes, but also of the written suggestions of others. And had the complainant communicated with me through my publisher, or otherwise, there would have been supplied to him evidence fully to account for the apparent resemblances in subjects and terms to which he has referred. He has not done so; and as I do not choose to leave the case, as it really is, to depend upon my own single assertion, I have submitted it, with all the papers in question, to gentlemen whose public character and intellectual competency are above suspicion. They all have authorized the appending of their names to the following declaration by themselves; but as it is not necessary to give all their signatures, I content myself with two: the one by a gentleman of Cornwall, well known by his numerous writings; and the other by a minister of high standing in the metropolis.

FREDERICK J. JOBSON.

“At Dr. Jobson’s request, we have examined the manuscripts and proofs, to which reference is made above; and are fully satisfied of the correctness of his statement; and that there is no just cause, literary or otherwise, for the unfavourable reflections which have been cast upon him.

“GEORGE SMITH, LL.D., F.S.A. “WILLIAM W. STAMP.”

JORROCKS (John) _pseud._ [SURTEES].

Jorrock’s Jaunts and Jollities; or, the ... exploits of that renowned Sporting Citizen, John Jorrocks. With twelve illustrations by Phiz [_pseud._] _R. Ackermann_. 1838. royal 8vo, £1. 5s.