Part 1
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.
A superscript is denoted by ^x or ^{xx}, for example XIX^e or XIX^{TH}.
A single asterisk occurring before a Title shows that the work was published anonymously.
A bracketed unknown name is indicated by [ ], though the original text used about a dozen spaces between the brackets. Similarly with ( ).
The original text used dashes of various lengths for an unknown name; this etext always uses ---- (double emdash) for consistency.
The original text also used an emdash to link the place and date of death, as in ‘Scotland--1846’. For clarity these occurrences have been changed to e.g. ‘Scotland -1846’.
There are no footnotes in this book; it uses [...] for other purposes. The Preface explains the syntax used in each item in this bibliography.
Many minor changes to the text are noted at the end of the book.
A Martyr to Bibliography:
A NOTICE OF THE LIFE AND WORKS OF JOSEPH-MARIE QUÉRARD, Bibliographer,
PRINCIPALLY TAKEN FROM THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF MAR. JOZON D’ERQUAR (ANAGRAM); WITH THE NOTICES OF GUSTAVE BRUNET, J. ASSEZAT, AND PAUL LACROIX (BIBLIOPHILE JACOB); AND A LIST OF BIBLIOGRAPHICAL TERMS, AFTER PERQUIN, WITH NOTES AND INDEX.
BY
OLPHAR HAMST, ESQ., Bibliophile.
OPINIONS OF THE PRESS.
“A little volume of great interest and value. Of great interest for the amount of information it contains relative to the life and labours of one who was in sooth a martyr to the art he loved so well; and of great value because it may awaken in all who read it a juster estimate of the importance of bibliography.”--_Notes and Queries, July 20, 1867._
* * * * *
“This is a curious pamphlet-biography, reversing the usual order. M. Quérard’s works are treated as the subject, and M. Quérard himself as something that grew out of his works. Perhaps the strangest feature of all is that the index is made a sort of supplement, in which anything that has not been said in the body of the work is added incidentally. Thus, a good story about a French author ... appears in the index under its author’s name.... We are afraid people will be too much amused by the biographer’s eccentricities to pay proper attention to his subject, which is much to be regretted for the sake of Quérard, and may delay the public recognition of him which is demanded by his eminent services to bibliography.”--_Spectator, Oct. 26, 1867._
“Under this title we have an interesting sketch of the life and works of Joseph-Marie Quérard, the greatest of French (perhaps we might say, of all) bibliographers, a useful class of men who seldom obtain much fame, and whose works are generally left unread by the public. One of Quérard’s works escaped this fate, his “Supercheries Littéraires Dévoilées,” which attracted much attention, chiefly on account of the terrible attack which it contained on Alexandre Dumas.”--_London Review, July 20, 1867._
* * * * *
“Mr. Hamst’s short biography of Quérard does not add much to the information given in the _Ecrivains Pseudonymes_; and it has been the writer’s object to describe the quarrels and the many disappointments of his hero, rather than to give a definite estimate of his labours. Quérard’s bibliographical knowledge was minute, but not extensive. The want of general culture forced him to restrict himself within the comparatively narrow circle of modern books and modern languages; but he made up for this drawback by malicious care in dragging to light the secrets of contemporary authorship. His publications involved him in endless personal disputes, and his life was full of literary scandals. It must be reckoned not only an injustice to him, but a misfortune for the Imperial library, that, owing to his peculiar reputation, he never obtained a subordinate employment on its staff. Mr. Hamst ... states that Quérard dedicated his early books to M. Schalbacher; but there is no reason to suppress the fact that M. Schalbacher was the Viennese bookseller with whom Quérard learned to know books. That he also profited by the particular exactness and perseverance which prevailed at Vienna, is an illusion of good nature.
“The son of the revolutionist Rousselin obtained an injunction prohibiting Quérard from publishing an article on his father. Mr. Hamst seems impressed with the danger of disobedience, and speaks of him mysteriously as ‘the son of a man of ninety-three.’ * * * * * * * * * * Mr. Hamst’s depreciatory remarks on the _Athenæum Français_ are quite unjust; it was nearly the best organ of criticism in France, and if it were not extinct would probably castigate the presumption of a bibliographer who imagines (p. 15) that the Kehl [this oversight is easily rectified by putting the word in parenthesis] edition of Voltaire’s works is so called from the name of the editor.”--_The Chronicle, July 27, 1867._
* * * * *
“A brief sketch of the obscure but useful labours and chequered life of one of the greatest of modern bibliographers. It will be read with pleasure by all Englishmen who know or care anything about the science of books. We fear the number is somewhat limited, and probably within the circuit of the British Museum Reading-room Mr. Hamst’s audience will, without exception, be found. At all events, the career of a man to whom we owe such valuable works of rare erudition as ‘La France Littéraire,’ ‘La Littérature Française Contemporaine,’ and ‘Les Supercheries Littéraires Dévoilées,’ deserves to be known to English lovers of the study in which Quérard was famous. Mr. Olphar Hamst has carried out his self-imposed task with highly creditable diligence, accuracy, and good taste.”--_Morning Star, September 2, 1867._
* * * * *
_NOTE.--Only two hundred copies printed for sale. A few copies still remain, price Three Shillings and Sixpence, in cloth, post free._
J. R. SMITH, 36, SOHO SQUARE.
HANDBOOK
OF
FICTITIOUS NAMES.
HANDBOOK
OF
FICTITIOUS NAMES:
BEING A GUIDE TO AUTHORS, CHIEFLY IN THE LIGHTER LITERATURE OF THE XIX^{TH} CENTURY, WHO HAVE WRITTEN UNDER ASSUMED NAMES; AND TO LITERARY FORGERS, IMPOSTORS, PLAGIARISTS, AND IMITATORS,
BY
OLPHAR HAMST, ESQ.,
AUTHOR OF “A NOTICE OF THE LIFE AND WORKS OF J.-M. QUÉRARD.”
“All the world’s a stage And all the men and women merely players: They have their exits and their entrances, And one man in his time plays many parts.” _As You Like It._
“There is no vice doth so cover a man with shame as to be found false and perfidious.” BACON.
LONDON: JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36, SOHO SQUARE. 1868.
LONDON: PRINTED BY S. AND J. BRAWN, 13, PRINCES STREET, LITTLE QUEEN STREET, HOLBORN, W.C.
TO
THE MEMORY
OF
JOSEPH-MARIE QUÉRARD
I DEDICATE
THIS HUMBLE ATTEMPT
AT
EMULATING HIM.
A work on the literary impositions which have been perpetrated upon the public, besides being replete with interest, would be productive of considerable other advantage. It would furnish an important subject of study in the great science of human nature, exhibiting peculiar, cultivated specimens of criminality.
The secret history of the authorship of literary productions would strip many a name of the reputation it enjoys, and place laurels on the brow of many a man who
In life’s low vale remote has pined alone, Then dropped into the grave, unpitied and unknown!
Rank and wealth have obtained unmerited eminence in the literary world, at the expense of the time and abilities of gifted dependents.
DAVID FOSDICK, _Biblical Repository_, New York, 1838.
Literary swindling is a crime that is very prevalent, because we have no Government police to bring offenders to justice.
S. N. ELRINGTON, Literary Piracies, &c. Dublin [1863] p. 18.
PREFACE.
This little work is the first of the kind, so far as we know, that has ever been attempted in the English language; and such being the case, we crave the indulgence of the public for our numerous shortcomings. In publishing it we felt the necessity of commencing somewhere. We might, without doubt, have spent twenty years in a similar compilation; but even then it would not have been perfect:--in fact, it is not in the nature of a book like this to be made perfect. It can, however, approach completeness by the aid of numerous contributors. If, for example, each one who found a name wanting, were to send an authentic note of it to us, an immense amount of information would soon accumulate, which we would undertake to embody in a supplement devoted to additions and corrections, if the present attempt should receive sufficient support. By this means we trust we shall help to fill up the gap which is at present a reproach to our nation.
The utility of a work of this kind, even though very imperfect, is at once so apparent that it is a matter of considerable surprise such a blank should have been left in our literature.
Another work of a similar nature, but larger and different in scope to ours, which Mr. Halkett, of the Advocates’ Library, has been preparing for some fifteen years past will be a considerable addition to British Anonyms and Pseudonyms. On the Continent numerous works treating of the subject of assumed names of authors have been published, and in fact the idea of nearly every English work that treats of books and their authors appears to have been taken from our foreign brothers in literature. We are indebted to Quérard for the idea and plan of this work. In the advertisement to the second edition of his “Supercheries Littéraires Dévoilées,” he observes that Germany first produced a work on anonymous and pseudonymous authors; then Italy; then France, for the first time, in 1690, by Adrien Baillet. Then Sweden, and lately Belgium, and even Russia. Now we wish to direct attention to the remarkable fact that Quérard was unable to name a single English author as having treated of the subject, though in France it was treated of two centuries ago.
Our original intention was that this should be a handbook for popular use; consequently, as a rule, we pretend to no scientific detail. Those who desire such must seek it elsewhere; and yet we hope the erudite bibliograph, though he may learn nothing from these pages, will find much wherewith to refresh his memory. One object we have endeavoured never to lose sight of,--usefulness.
With us the word Pseudonym has a very extended signification, as these pages will show. Any word, or name, or phrase, on a title-page is sufficient to make a work pseudonymous. It is not considered anonymous unless its title-page is hopelessly deficient of all personal identification of authorship.
We do not, for example, consider a work “By The Author of,” &c., anonymous, as do Lowndes and his editor. This example is also a good illustration of the labour we have had to go through, and it will show that our handbook is by no means a compilation from existing manuals, for the simple reason that these nearly always leave out the very information it is our object to include. In Lowndes, by Bohn, under “SHERER (Major Moyle),” we have seven out of a list of nine works specially marked “(anon.)” Now, according to us, three of these works, at least, are strictly pseudonymous, and consequently included in our list. We could cite other instances from any bibliotheca.
We have made an attempt to distinguish the various kinds of pseudonyms by using certain technical terms in _italic_ letters after each pseudonym. A list of these terms will be found in our “Notice of the Life and Works of J.-M. Quérard.” The author of an “Essai d’un Dictionnaire des Ouvrages Anonymes et Pseudonymes publiés en Belgique au XIX^e. siècle” [J. Delecourt] somewhat deprecates such an attempt as useless. But we consider that, even supposing such to be the case in one sense, it is exceedingly useful to the eye, by at once separating the pseudonym from the real name; and it has a positive use in certain cases, as, for instance, when a writer uses his name written backwards, which, instead of being expressed by a phrase, is at once expressed by a word.
The arrangement is strictly alphabetical according to Authors’ pseudonyms. When partaking of the nature of a christian and a surname, the latter is chosen, though both should be looked for if not found under one. If, in the nature of a phrase, the first word after By, Of, or From is chosen, and it is catalogued strictly according to the alphabetical order of the letters, without regard to the meaning of the words, no inversion such as: Barrister (A): Author of, &c. (The): is used.
So much as is given of the title-page is given verbally and literally, and an abbreviation is generally indicated by ... or an etc. Information occurring between brackets [] intimates that such is not to be found in the book; between parenthesis () that it is probably in the book, though not on the title-page. An asterisk occurring before a Title shows that the work was published anonymously. When initials only are used, search must be made under the first and not the last, unless there is some addition to the last, as: J. R. D----.
The name of every author, if known, is given in full in one part or another of the book.
We have not confined ourselves to English and American pseudonyms: in fact, our plan is rather a wide one, for we include Alexander DUMAS and George SAND: BOZ, illustrated by PHIZ: S. G. O.: THE TIMES’ BEE-MASTER: CHAM and * * * (The Abbé).
We could have doubled the size of this work by inserting the pseudonyms of authors whose real names are not known to us. This is, however, no part of our plan, and when such are inserted it is generally for some special purpose.
When no place of publication is given, London is to be understood, and an author is generally of that country whence his works issue. So many American authors, however, now have their works published in London, that it is frequently a difficult matter to know on which side of the Atlantic the author resides.
We have to acknowledge the very great assistance we have derived from the admirable Manuscript Catalogue of the British Museum Library, in above two thousand volumes, folio, compiled during the last twenty years, under the direction of Antonio Panizzi, J. Winter Jones, and Thomas Watts, Esquires. To George Bullen, Esquire, and all those who attend to readers’ wants, we owe our best thanks. After these, we think we are most indebted to the _Athenæum_, whose fearless exposure of any literary fraud coming under its notice has justly been relentless. But the want of a General Index has prevented us from thoroughly using the materials it contains relative to our subject. To _Notes and Queries_ we of course owe much, as must all future students, no matter what particular subject they pursue. And to several periodical publications, all specially acknowledged.
Mr. J. Russell Smith has given us the full benefit of his long experience in our progress through the press. To many others, frequently the authors themselves, we are indebted for some interesting little revelations. Much has long been public property, though unavailable. We trust that we have, to some extent, rendered it available.
American works are so freely scattered through these pages, that we cannot conclude without one word on the want of a Copyright Law between America and England. How long will two nations with pretensions to civilization go on robbing one another in the most shameless manner? An excellent article on this subject by James Parton, in the _Atlantic Monthly_ for October, 1867, has convinced us that in some instances we have been rather too severe on American piratical reprints.
_January, 1868._
CONTENTS.
PAGE DEDICATION vii
PREFACE ix-xiv
PSEUDONYMS 1-175
ADDENDA 177-188
ASTERISMS 189-191
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF AUTONYMS 193-220
GENERAL INDEX 221-235
PSEUDONYMS.
A.
A., _initialism_. [MATTHEW ARNOLD.]
The Strayed Reveller, and other Poems (signed A.) 1848.
A. (Major), see A * * * * * (Major), _pseud._
A----. _pseudonym_ [Rev. ARTHUR CLEVELAND COXE].
St. Jonathan; the Lay of a Scald. _New York_, 1838.
Semi-anonymous, the dedication is signed.
A * * * * * (Major), _pseudo-titlonym_ [C. B. COLES.]
Short Whist, its Rise and Progress, by, &c., to which are prefixed Precepts for Tyros, by Mrs. B * * * * * (Battle, _apocryph_), 1835, 18th edit., with an Essay ... by Professor P[ole]. _Longmans_, 1865.
The practical part of this book, consisting of about 25 pages, which it was intended should be taken for the work of Major Aubrey, a celebrated whist-player, is a _réchauffé_ of Matthews: one instance will suffice:--
_Matthews, edit._ 1808. _Major A., edit._ 1865.
Be particularly cautious not to Be cautious not to deceive your deceive him [your partner] in _his_ partner in _his_ or _your own or _your own_ leads, or when he is leads_, or when he is likely to likely to _have_ the lead--a con- have the lead; a concealed game cealed game may now and then succeed sometimes succeeds in the suits in the suits of your adversaries; of your adversaries, but this but this should not be attempted should not be attempted before before you have made a considerable having made considerable profic- proficiency; and then but seldom, iency, and if too frequently as its frequency would destroy resorted to, will destroy its own the effect. p. 16. effect. p. 30.
In an edition published in Paris by Galignani, these two works, Matthews and Major A. are put together.
Mrs. Battle’s opinions on Whist are also to be found in the Monthly Magazine for Feb. 1821, signed “_Elia_.” (q.v.)
A and L, _semi-initialism_ [A. and L. SHORE].
War Lyrics, 1855.
A BARRISTER, _titlonym_ [Barron FIELD].
Hints to witnesses in a Court of Justice, 1815.
A very valuable and useful pamphlet, which we imagine might be remuneratively reprinted.
A BARRISTER, _titlonym_ [Sir J. T. COLERIDGE].
Notes on the Reform Bill, 1831.
A BARRISTER, _titlonym_ [FREDERICK LAWRENCE].
Culverwell v. Sidebottom. _Effingham Wilson_, 1857.
This had a second edition in 1859, to which Lord Derby’s celebrated letter to the Jockey Club was added. It was a most notorious trial.
A BARRISTER, _supposed-author_ [JAMES FITZ-JAMES STEPHEN, Q.C.].
Essays reprinted from the “Saturday Review,” 1862.
A BEEF EATER, _phraseonym_ [GEORGE VASEY, Wood-Engraver, author of a Monograph of the Genus Bos].
Illustrations of Eating, displaying the Omnivorous Character of Man, and exhibiting the Natives of various Countries at Feeding-time, with woodcuts by the author. _J. R. Smith_, 1847.
A BIRD AT BROMSGROVE, _ironym_ [JOHN CRANE].
Rhymes after Meat, 1800. An Address to Bachelors, and The Apron Farmer. _Birmingham_ [1802], 5th edition, 1816. The Bromesgrove Constables, 1802.
A. B. M., _initialism_ [ARTHUR BACHE MATTHEWS].
The Riots at Birmingham, July, 1791 ... [edited with a preface by A. B. M.], 1863.
A BRITISH SUBJECT, _geonym_ [Sir FRANCIS BOND HEAD Bart.].
Three Letters to Lord Brougham, on the execution of Lount and Matthews, 1838.
A. C. C., _initialism_ [COXE], and see A----. _pseud._
Saul, a Mystery, by the Author of Christian Ballads, &c. New York, 1845.
ACHETA, _phrenonym_ [Miss L. M. BUDGEN].
March Winds and April Showers, 1854.
ACHETA DOMESTICA, _phreno._ [Miss L. M. BUDGEN].
Episodes of Insect Life, by A. D., M.E.S., 1849 and ’51, a new edition by the Rev. J. G. Wood, in 1867.
A CHINESE PHILOSOPHER, _disguised-author_ [OLIVER GOLDSMITH].
The Citizen of the World; or Letters from a Chinese Philosopher residing in London, to his Friends in the East, 1762. First appeared in “The Ledger.”
Frequently reprinted and generally with the author’s name on the title-page, as if it had been published autonymously. All lovers of books should condemn this increasing practice. If the name must be given, it should be put in a note or preface, so that we may have the title-page as the author bequeathed it.
A CHURCHMAN, _titlonym_ [Rev. EDWARD SMEDLEY, M.A., was the editor of the Encyclopædia Metropolitana].
Religio Clerici, 1819; 2nd edition, 1821. Lux Renata; a Protestant’s Epistle, by the author of Religio Clerici, 1827.
A CITIZEN, see J. D., _disg.-aut._
A CITIZEN OF THE WEST, _disguised-author_ [R. MACKAY].
Pocahontas, an historical drama; with an introductory Essay and notes. By, &c. _New York_, 1837.
A CLERGYMAN OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND, _demonym_ [M. MARGOLIOUTH].
The Anglo-Hebrews: their past wrongs and present grievances, etc., 1856.
A CLERGYMAN’S DAUGHTER, _demonym_ [E. F. LLOYD]; see also E. F. L.
Readings for the Sundays, etc., 1862.
A CLERGYMAN’S WIFE, _demonym_ [S. E. MAPLETON].
A Letter to my Class. Addressed to Young Women attending a Sunday School. _Leeds_, 1859.
A COMPANION TRAVELLER, _phrenonym_ [Miss HARRIS, of Windsor].
From Oxford to Rome; and How it fared with some who lately made the journey. 1st and 3rd editions, 1847.
The authoress subsequently became a Catholic, and publicly expressed her deep regret for many of the unauthorised statements, or false impressions concerning the Church of Rome in the above work.
_F. C. H. in N. & Q._
A CORNET IN THE HON. EAST INDIA COMPANY’S SERVICE, _titlonym_ [the Eldest Son of T. J. PETTIGREW. He was a Lieutenant in the Madras Light Cavalry, and died in 1837, at the early age of 24].
Lucien Greville. By a, etc., with Etchings by George Cruikshank. _Saunders and Otley_, 1833, 3 vols.
“It gives the events of his short life, and it has served him for a vehicle to give an account of Indian scenery and Indian manners and customs.”
A CORONER’S CLERK, _ps._ [Rev. ERSKINE NEALE].
The Note-book of a, etc., reprinted from “Bentley’s Miscellany.”
A COUNTRY PARSON, _disguised-author_ [H. MOULE].
My Kitchen Garden, and half an acre of Pasture. ’60.
A COUNTRY PARSON, _disg.-aut._ [A. K. H. BOYD].
Autumn Holidays, 1864.
A COUNTRY PASTOR, _demonym_ [Archbishop WHATELY].
Lectures on Scripture Revelations, 1855. Prayer, 1860. And others.
A DELVER INTO ANTIQUITY, _phraseonym_ [WILLIAM BARCLAY DAVID DONALD TURNBULL].
Fragmenta Scoto-Monastica. Edin., 1842.
Only 70 copies printed, one L.P., one on vellum.
A DETECTIVE, _phrenonym_ [ANDREW EDMUND BRAE, of Leeds, author of Collier, Coleridge, and Shakespeare, A Review, etc.].
Literary Cookery, with reference to matter attributed [by J. P. Collier] to Coleridge and Shakespeare. A letter addressed to “The Athenæum” [by a Detective], with a P.S. containing some remarks upon the refusal of that journal to print it. _J. R. Smith_, 1855.
As this publication gave great offence to many persons, it was immediately withdrawn by its author, who was unknown for some time after. No more than twenty-five copies got into circulation, some of which fetched ten shillings.
On the 17th Jany., 1856, Sir F. Thesiger, on behalf of Mr. Collier, moved for a rule against Mr. Russell Smith for publishing it; but Lord Campbell said that Mr. Collier in an affidavit which he had made, had cleared himself of the alleged “cooking” of dates in a most satisfactory manner, and, with many just compliments to the veteran bibliograph and bibliophile, refused the rule.
A. E. L., _initialism_ [LEE].
The Fruits of the Valley (Song of Solomon), 1855.