PART II

THE PROGRESS OF AMMUNITION

IX. ANALYTICAL TABLE OF AMMUNITION 165

X. HAND AMMUNITION:—

FIRE-ARROWS AND FIRE-PIKES 168

HAND GRENADES 169

XI. WAR ROCKETS 172

XII. GUNPOWDER 177

XIII. SHOCK PROJECTILES:—

DARTS, &C. 199

ROUND SHOT 200

CASE 207

SHRAPNEL 208

XIV. IGNEOUS PROJECTILES:—

HOT SHOT 217

INCENDIARY FIREBALLS 217

INCENDIARY SHELL 220

CARCASSES 224

EXPLOSIVE FIREBALLS 224

EXPLOSIVE SHELL 225

XV. IGNITERS:—

HOT WIRES, PRIMING POWDER, MATCHES, AND PORTFIRES 228

TUBES 230

TIME FUZES 231

PERCUSSION AND CONCUSSION FUZES 244

XVI. SIGNALS 246

TABLES

TABLE PAGE

I. METHODS OF REFINING SALTPETRE 27

II. GREEK FIRES 32

III. SEA FIRES 41

IV. ANALYTICAL TABLE OF AMMUNITION 167

V. PRICE OF ENGLISH POWDER AT VARIOUS TIMES 184

VI. CONNECTION BETWEEN SIZE OF GRAIN, MUZZLE VELOCITY, AND PRESSURE 195

VII. COMPOSITION OF ENGLISH POWDER AT VARIOUS TIMES 197

VIII. COMPOSITION OF FOREIGN POWDER AT VARIOUS TIMES 198

IX. PRICE OF METALS IN 1375 AND 1865 204

X. COMPARATIVE COST OF ONE ROUND FIRED WITH SHOT OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS, _cir._ 1375 205

XI. COMPARATIVE PRESSURE ON BORE WHEN FIRING SHOT OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS, _cir._ 1375 206

XII. COMPOSITION OF MATCHES AT VARIOUS TIMES 229

XIII. COMPOSITION OF TIME FUZES AT VARIOUS TIMES 243

XIV. COMPOSITION OF SIGNAL ROCKETS AT VARIOUS TIMES 246

XV. FIXED LIGHTS 246

XVI. FIREWORKS 247

INDEX 249

BOOKS OFTEN QUOTED

The following works are frequently quoted, and are only designated by the author’s name. Thus, “Elliot,” ii. 75, means Sir H. M. Elliot’s “Hist. of India, as told, &c. &c.,” vol. ii. p. 75.

BACON, ROGER, _Opera quædam hactenus inedita_, ed. by Professor Brewer; Rolls Series, 1859.

BERTHELOT, M. P. E., _La Chimie au Moyen Age_, Paris, 1893.

BRACKENBURY, Lieut.-General Sir H., G.C.B., “Ancient Cannon in Europe,” in vols. iv. and v. of _Proceed. Roy. Artillery Institution_, Woolwich, 1865-6.

ELLIOT, Sir H. M., “Hist. of India, as told by its own Historians,” ed. by Professor J. Dowson, M.R.A.S., London, 1867-77.

JÄHNS, Oberst-Lieut. M., _Handbuch einer Geschichte des Kriegswesens_, Leipsig, 1880.

NAPOLEON III., _Études sur le Passé et l’Avenir de l’Artillerie_, Paris, 1846-71.

NYE, Master-Gunner N., “Art of Gunnery,” to which is added a “Treatise on Artificial Fireworks” (separately paginated), London, 1647.

REINAUD (Professor) et FAVÉ (Capitaine), _Du Feu Grégeois_, &c., Paris, 1845.

ROMOCKI, S. J. VON, _Geschichte der Explosivstoffe_, Hanover, 1895.

WHITEHORNE, P., “Certain Waies for the ordering of Souldiers in Battelray,” London, 1560.