Part 2
This mixture can be used either with or without starch. If with starch, add 1 spoonful of this to 1⅛ ozs. of boiling starch.
LIQUID STARCH GLOSS.
Borax solution 2 parts Pulverized Bleached Shellac 1 part
Water sufficient; mix and digest; is also a good varnish for maps, labels, etc.
FLAVORING EXTRACTS.
Their Manufacture, Etc.
WATER BATH (a glue pot is a water bath).—Take a kettle or pail large enough to hold another pail, kettle or jug inside of it, leaving an inch or more space all around it. Place in the bottom about one inch of coarse gravel. Put in water sufficient and place it over a slow fire, then set the vessel and contents to be digested into this. If a bottle or jug, remove the cork. Care should be taken not to let extracts boil. Alcohol in the mass will boil at a lower temperature than if there was no alcohol in it.
OIL LEMON and other essential oils should always be fresh. Old Oil Lemon in extracts produces a turpentine flavor and taste.
ALCOHOL.—Should be the best to be had. Deodorized alcohol is preferable in all cases. It can be bought at all distilleries and rectifying houses, and also at all wholesale drug houses.
MAGNESIA CARBONATE is a very necessary help in reducing the oils. Mix the oil and a small amount of alcohol together, then crush magnesia into it in a mortar until a thin, paste-like substance is the result. It cuts the oil into more minute particles than if alcohol alone is used.
FILTERING.
Use a funnel for ordinary work and druggists’ filtering paper; fold the paper together so it will fit to the shape of the funnel, set the funnel into a clean jar or bottle, pour in the material. If lemon is cloudy let stand a day or two when it will clear of its own accord. If not clear enough in one filtering filter again.
FELT BAG FILTER is used for cheap extracts where quantity and not quality is desired. Should have one for each flavor. They are used in a funnel in place of the paper.
ARTIFICIAL FLAVORS should not be filtered. If it can be avoided, filter the alcohol and water beforehand if needed, the ethers are so volatile that the strength will evaporate if exposed to the air.
TRIPLE EXTRACT LEMON.
Fresh Oil Lemon 16 ozs. Pure Alcohol 13½ pts. Distilled water or Rain water 2½ ”
Mix one pint of alcohol and the oil together, then triturate in a mortar with magnesia enough to thoroughly cut the whole and incorporate it into a thin paste. Pour on it a quart of alcohol, place it in a bottle, cork tight, and let digest for forty-eight hours. Mix the balance of the alcohol and the water together. Have the water warm, shake them well and add it to the original mass, color with Yellow Aniline, filter through paper. If time is brief instead of letting stand forty-eight hours, it can be given the hot water bath for three or four hours; not quite to the boiling point will do as well. The magnesia can be saved to use again.
MERCANTILE TRIPLE EXTRACT LEMON.
Fresh Oil Lemon 8 ozs. Alcohol 3 qts. Soft Water (warmed) 1 qt.
Mix the Oil Lemon and 1 quart of alcohol together, let stand two days, or digest in water bath three or four hours. Mix the warm water and balance of the alcohol together, then add to the original. Color with Yellow Aniline. Filter. When not in water bath all extracts should be kept corked tight.
STANDARD LEMON EXTRACT.
Fresh Oil Lemon 2 lbs. Warm Soft Water 4 gals. Alcohol 10 ”
Mix the Lemon Oil and 3 gallons of alcohol well together by shaking, let stand two days, or four hours in hot bath. Mix the warm water and six gallons of alcohol together, add to the original, shake well, and add the remaining one gallon alcohol. Color with Aniline Yellow to suit; filter in felt bag while warm, if possible.
WHOLESALE GROCERY STANDARD LEMON.
Oil Lemon 20 ozs. Alcohol 14 gals. Soft Water 6 ”
Triturate in a mortar the Oil Lemon, a little alcohol and magnesia sufficient. Digest in hot bath, then add the balance of alcohol and water. Proceed as in above.
ALCOHOL SUBSTITUTE.
Wood alcohol is used by some manufacturers of cheap extracts in place of pure alcohol. We would advise that it be not used, as it is dangerous.
TRIPLE ORANGE EXTRACT.
Bitter Oil Orange 4 ozs. Alcohol 5½ pts. Warm Soft Water 2½ ”
Proceed as in Lemon Extract. Color with Yellow Aniline.
EXTRACT BITTER ALMOND.
Oil Bitter Almonds 12 ozs. Alcohol 5½ pts. Water 2½ ”
Be careful in handling this; oil bitter almonds is poisonous in its pure state. Proceed as in Lemon Extract. No color.
EXTRACT ROSE.
Oil Rose 1 oz. Alcohol 5½ pts. Water 2½ ”
Color with Carmine. Proceed as in Lemon Extract.
EXTRACT OF NUTMEG.
Oil Nutmeg 2 drs. Powdered Mace 1 oz. Alcohol 1 qt.
Mix the whole together; let it macerate for twenty-four hours or more, then filter.
EXTRACT CINNAMON.
Alcohol 10 gals. Oil Cassia 8 oz. True Oil Cinnamon 2 ” Warm water 5 gals.
Proceed as in Lemon. Color to suit, with burnt sugar and red sandal.
EXTRACT CINNAMON NO. 2.
Oil Cinnamon 2 drs. Alcohol 1 pt. Water 1 ” Powdered Cinnamon 4 ozs.
Dissolve the oil in 1 pint alcohol, add gradually 1 pint water, stirring constantly. Stir in the powdered cinnamon; agitate often for one day, filter through paper.
EXTRACT SARSAPARILLA.
Alcohol 1 gal. Oil of Sassafras ¾ oz. Oil of Wintergreen ¾ ” Warm water ½ gal.
Mix the alcohol and oils; let stand one day, then add the warm water. Color to suit, with caramel.
ESSENCE PEPPERMINT.
Alcohol 12 ozs. Water 8 ” Oil Peppermint 1 ” Peppermint Herbs ¼ ”
Mix the herbs and 4 ozs. alcohol and the oil together; let stand twenty-four hours. Mix the water and alcohol, then add the whole together, let stand twenty-four hours and filter.
STRONG JAMAICA GINGER.
Jamaica Ginger 12 lbs. Rectified Spirit 2½ gals.
Bruise the unbleached ginger and place in the spirit; let it digest for two weeks. Strain it well, then reduce the essence by distillation to one gallon. Let cool and filter.
ESSENCE JAMAICA GINGER.
Jamaica Ginger 6 ozs. Mace ½ oz. Oil Lemon 1 dr. Grains of Paradise 1 oz. Alcohol 20 ozs.
Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder. Mix the oil of lemon and alcohol; then pour it on the drugs; let it stand for one day or more, then filter.
EXTRACT OF WINTERGREEN.
Alcohol 1 gal. Warm water ½ ” Oil Wintergreen 1¾ ozs.
Mix all together; let stand twenty-four hours; filter; color with red aniline.
ARTIFICIAL FLAVORS.
(_American Pharmacist._)
The numbers in acids refer to a cold concentrated solution of the acid in alcohol entirely free from fusel oil, and of a specific gravity of 83 degrees.
These flavors are of the highest concentration.
RASPBERRY.
Ethyl Nitrate 1 Part. ” Acetate 5 ” ” Formate 1 ” ” Butyrate 1 ” ” Benzoate 1 ” ” Œnanthylate 1 ” ” Sebate 1 ” Methyl Salicylate 1 ” Amyl Acetate 1 ” ” Butyrate 1 ” Tartaric Acid 5 ” Succinic Acid 5 ” Glycerine 4 ” Aldehyde 1 ” Alcohol 100 ”
Mix all together.
STRAWBERRY.
Ethyl Nitrate 1 Part. ” Acetate 3 ” ” Formate 1 ” ” Butyrate 5 ” Methyl Salicylate 1 ” Amyl Acetate 1 ” ” Butyrate 2 ” Glycerine 2 ” Alcohol 100 ”
PEACH.
Ethyl Acetate 5 Parts ” Formate 5 ” ” Butyrate 5 ” ” Sebate 1 ” Glycerine 2 ” Aldehyde 2 ” Amyl Alcohol 2 ” Alcohol 100 ”
CHERRY.
Ethyl Acetate 5 Parts ” Benzoate 5 ” Œnanthylate 1 ” Glycerine 10 ” Benzoic Acid 1 ” Alcohol 100 ”
APRICOT.
Ethyl Butyrate 10 Parts Œnanthylate 1 ” Amyl Butyrate 1 ” Glycerine 4 ” Amyl Alcohol 2 ” Chloroform 1 ” Ethyl Valeriate 5 ” Alcohol 100 ”
PLUM.
Ethyl Acetate 5 Parts ” Formate 1 ” ” Butyrate 2 ” ” Œnanthylate 4 ” Glycerine 8 ” Aldehyde 5 ” Alcohol 100 ”
PINEAPPLE.
Ethyl Butyrate 5 Parts Amyl Butyrate 10 ” Glycerine 3 ” Aldehyde 1 ” Chloroform 1 ” Alcohol 100 ”
MELON.
Ethyl Formate 1 Part ” Butyrate 4 ” ” Sebate 10 ” Glycerine 3 ” Aldehyde 2 ” Ethyl Valeriate 5 ” Alcohol 100 ”
APPLE.
Ethyl Nitrate 1 Part Glycerine 4 ” Aldehyde 2 ” Chloroform 1 ” Ethyl Acetate 1 ” Amyl Valeriate 10 ” Oxalic Acid 1 ” Alcohol 100 ”
GRAPE.
Ethyl Formate 2 Parts ” Œnanthylate 10 ” Methyl Salicylate 1 ” Tartaric Acid 5 ” Succinic Acid 3 ” Glycerine 10 ” Aldehyde 1 ” Chloroform 2 ” Alcohol 100 ”
PEAR.
Amyl Acetate 10 Parts Glycerine 10 ” Benzoic Acid 1 ” Ethyl Acetate 5 ” Alcohol 100 ”
CURRANT.
Ethyl Benzoate 1 Part ” Œnanthylate 1 ” Tartaric Acid 5 ” Succinic Acid 1 ” Aldehyde 1 ” Benzoic Acid 1 ” Ethyl Acetate 5 ” Alcohol 100 ”
As these are all of very great strength, they can be reduced, especially if for commercial purposes, by adding from 20 to 40 parts of warm water. Color to suit.
The following extracts are made by using the compound ether instead of the several different ethers used in the preceding formulas.
Any one handling the ethers in their pure state, can furnish them compounded ready for use, as follows:
RASPBERRY.
Alcohol 100 Parts Glycerine 4 ” Raspberry Ether 15 ” Tartaric Acid 5 ” Succinic Acid 5 ”
Warm water sufficient. Color with Red Aniline.
STRAWBERRY.
Alcohol 100 Parts Glycerine 2 ” Strawberry Ether 14 ” Warm water sufficient. Color with Red Aniline.
PEACH.
Alcohol 100 Parts Glycerine 2 ” Peach Ether 20 ” Water to suit. Color with Burnt Sugar.
CHERRY.
Alcohol 100 Parts Glycerine 10 ” Cherry Ether 12 ” Water to suit.
PINEAPPLE.
Alcohol 100 Parts Glycerine 3 ” Pineapple Ether 17 ” Water to suit.
PEAR.
Alcohol 100 Parts Glycerine 10 ” Pear Ether 16 ”
Water to suit.
ARTIFICIAL HONEY FLAVOR.
Jamaica Ginger 1 oz. Alcohol 1 pt. Attar Roses 7 drops.
Shake well; let stand four to eight days. If in hurry, digest in hot bath.
VANILLA EXTRACT—TRIPLE STRENGTH.
New Vanilla Beans, 6 to 8 inches long. 10 ozs. Sugar 1 lb. Alcohol 1½ qts. Warm Water 2½ ”
Split the beans from end to end, then cut them crosswise into short strips ¼ to ½ inch long; dissolve the sugar in the water to a syrup; add to this the alcohol, mix well. Pour this on the chopped beans that have been placed in a jug or bottle. Cork tight and let stand for two weeks or longer to macerate, shaking it frequently in meantime. Draw off and filter as needed; use the old mass in next new batch made; never throw away the dregs.
If in a hurry this can be digested in a few hours by immersion in the hot water bath.
TRIPLE EXTRACT VANILLA.
(FROM VANILLIN.)
Alcohol 1 Gal. Vanillin 1 Oz. Water 2 Gals. Sugar 3 Lbs. Burnt Sugar (Caramel) sufficient to color.
Dissolve the Vanillin in the Alcohol, dissolve the sugar in ½ gallon of the water by heating the water; pour in the balance of the water, then mix the whole thoroughly by agitation for five minutes. Add the color. Filter through paper.
If for confectioners’ use, leave out the coloring.
VANILLIN is a concentrated Extract of Vanilla Beans, and is recommended on account of its simplicity and prompt action—saving time in manufacturing. However, the longer it is left standing the better it gets, but it can be used at once after mixing.
STANDARD VANILLA.
(SO CALLED.)
Alcohol 1½ Qts. Water 2½ ” Tonqua Beans ½ lb.
Cut the beans up fine. Mix all together in a jug or bottle; cork tight; let stand for two or more weeks, shaking occasionally. Color with burnt sugar.
This can be made sooner by using the hot water bath. A little genuine vanilla added to this is lost, but some of this Tonqua Extract added to Vanilla, is preferred by some.
TO PACK EXTRACTS.
Triple extracts are put up in full weight bottles. Standard extracts are put up in short weight bottles. Thus:
2 oz. panel holds really only 1 oz. to 1½ oz. 4 ” ” ” ” ” 2 to 3 oz. 8 ” ” ” ” ” full measure. 16 ” ” ” ” ” full measure.
Small bottles can be best filled by placing them in rows on a pan or large plate (to catch the waste or overflow) in 2 or 3 doz. lots. Use a soft one-fourth inch rubber tube as a siphon, setting the bulk on a box or shelf a few inches higher than the table you are working on.
This can also be done to good advantage when filling blueing, sweet oil, or any other liquids. Any second-hand bottle cleaned thoroughly can be used for blueing.
HAIR OIL.
Olive Oil ½ gal. Oil Roses 1 dr. Alcohol 5 ozs.
To color tie a small portion of Alkanet Root in a thin muslin bag, let it lie in the oil until it is colored to suit.
HAIR OIL—AROMATIC SCENT.
Cotton Seed Oil 2½ gals. Oil Cloves ⅔ ozs. ” Thyme ⅓ ” ” Lavender 2 ”
Mix. No color.
LIQUID BLUEING.
Soluble Blue 8 lbs. Oxalic Acid 2 ”
Mix the blueing and acid together in a tub with about five gallons of boiling water, stir it until it is well dissolved, add from ten to twenty gallons more of hot water. Keep stirring. Turn a hose into a barrel sitting on end with a spigot at lower edge over the tub, let it open, and dip the blueing from the tub into the barrel and keep it going constantly until both barrel and tub is filled and well mixed. This will make about 75 gallons of blueing; let it settle before drawing off.
INKS.
BLACK INK.
Extract Logwood 1 oz. Soft Water 2 qts. Prussiate Potash 20 grs. Bichromate Potash 20 ”
Dissolve the extract of logwood in the one-half gallon of water. Have it boiling, add the potash.
FINE BLACK INK.
12 Pounds Aleppo Nut Galls Bruised, boil in 6 gallons of water for one hour. Use a copper vessel, adding water to make up for the portion lost by evaporation. Strain and again boil the same galls in 4 more gallons of water for one-half hour, strain off this liquor also, and boil a third time with 2½ gallons of water and strain; mix the several liquors, and while still hot add 4 pounds Green Copperas coarsely powdered, also, add 3½ pounds gum Arabic bruised; agitate until dissolved, strain through hair sieve, keep it in tight bunged keg. This will produce 12 gallons.
COMMON BLACK INK.
Bruised Galls 1 lb. Logwood 2 ” Common Gum ¾ ” Green Copperas ½ ” Water 5 gals.
Boil all together one and one-half hours, strain, and bottle.
BLUE WRITING FLUID NO. 1.
Dissolve basic or soluble Prussian Blue in pure water. This is the most permanent and beautiful ink known. It is not affected by the addition of alcohol, but is immediately precipitated saline matter.
BLUE WRITING FLUID NO. 2.
Pure Prussian Blue 6 Parts. Oxalic Acid 1 ” Water sufficient.
Triturate in a mortar the blue and acid with a little water to a smooth paste.
Dilute with water sufficient to make an easy flowing fluid.
COPYING INK.
Any Ordinary Ink 100 parts. Glycerine 1 ”
Shake thoroughly.
Sugar is sometimes used in place of the Glycerine, but it is not as good.
FINER WRITING FLUID.
Dissolve Ceruleao Sulphate of Potassa or Ammonia (soluble indigo) in hot water, and when cold decant the clear. It is an intense blue and dries nearly black, is perfectly incorrosive, and very permanent and easy flowing. It may be thickened with gum water or diluted with pure rain water, as required.
PURPLE INK.
Infuse 12 pounds Campeachy Logwood in 12 gallons boiling water. Provide a funnel at the bottom of which a sponge has been placed. Pour the infusion through a strainer made of coarse flannel into the funnel, and thence on to 1 pound hydrate or acetate of copper (verdigris) then add immediately 14 pounds alum, and for each 17 gallons of the liquid, add 4 pounds of gum Arabic. Let these remain three or four days, and a beautiful purple will be produced.
GREEN INK.
Boil 2 parts or pounds acetate of copper and 1 pound bitartrate potassa in 1 gallon of water until the solution is reduced to one-half the bulk. Filter through a cloth and when cool, bottle.
RED INK.
Cochineal in powder 1 ounce, and hot water one-half pint. Digest, and when quite cold add 1 ounce liquor of ammonia and dilute with 3 or 4 ounces of water. Let stand 4 or 5 days, and decant the clear.
SECOND HAND BOTTLES.
By cleaning second-hand bottles gathered anywhere and everywhere, they are as good as new for blueing. A grocer using such, and when selling them tell parties buying the blue, that a couple of cents will be paid on return of pint bottles, will always have supply enough.
CASTOR OIL, GLYCERINE, AND SEWING MACHINE OIL.
These can be bought in bulk and bottled, or sold in bulk by using a druggist’s graduating glass; over 100 per cent. profit can be realized without charging more than your competitors for them.
BIRD SEED No. 1.
Sicily Canary Seed 70 lbs. Hungarian Millet Seed 20 ” German Rape Seed 10 ”
Clean and mix thoroughly; should hemp seed be desired do not mix it with the other seeds, but place one ounce of it in a small bag or envelope inside the package, then fill into the package the above mixture until it weighs one pound net weight; a piece of cuttlefish bone one inch long, placed in it, also makes the combination the very best.
Birds prefer the Hemp Seed to all others, and in seeking for it when mixed with the whole, they waste the other seeds by throwing them out of the cups; by separate packages the hemp seed can be fed as desired in separate cups.
Too much hemp seed is not good for song birds. Some bird fanciers discard it entirely.
GOOD BIRD SEED.
Canary Seed 60 lbs. Millet ” 20 ” Hemp ” 10 ” Rape ” 10 ”
Clean, mix and pack.
WHOLESALE GROCERY GRADE.
Canary Seed 40 to 75 lbs. Millet ” 30 ” Hemp ” 25 ” Rape ” 5 ”
The Hemp and Millet can be varied as to quantity, due regard being given to the market price of each, or in fact any of the seeds; there are much poorer combinations than this packed, yet people wonder why their songsters cease to sing and die, and the retail grocers are astonished at the way the package bird seed trade has declined.
Parties packing good grades will always succeed in the end. This is applicable to all kinds of goods.
BIRD GRAVEL is gathered on sand bars or gravel bars along creeks, rivers, etc. Sift through sieve to exclude the larger pieces of stone and gravel, then sift through a finer sieve to allow the sand to escape. Packed about 2½ pounds to package.
OXALIC ACID.
Buy in bulk; pulverize to suit. Pack in wooden ointment boxes marked with skull and crossbones, or word poison on package.
TO PACK SEEDS, FARINACEOUS FOODS, ETC. IN PASTEBOARD PACKAGES.
First determine what shape you want to put your goods up in, how high a package, how wide and how deep. You then order from any paper box maker the shells the size you want.
He will also furnish you with the tops, bottoms, and the square sheets of manilla paper for the caps. The box maker will send you the shells, scored on the four corners, lapped and glued together; you then need a form. It is a block of wood that will fit loosely inside the shell. Take a piece of board, say one foot long and six inches wide; attach the block in an upright position on the middle of the board by driving a couple nails into it from the under side of the board. Open the shell and pass it over the block.