Part 6

(6) Sometimes not only is the terminational syllable cut off, but the initial also, either wholly or in part; so ἐπίσκοπος, with the change of π into the kindred labial β, becomes _bishop_.

(7) When two consonants of different kinship come together, one of them, specially that not belonging to the root, disappears, as from λάπτω, _lap_; from τύπτω, τύπος, _type_.

(8) The aspirate _h_, in Greek _spiritus asper_, has a close affinity with the sibilant _s_; so for ἕξ we have in Latin _sex_, in English _six_; ὗς for _sow_; ἕδος, _sedes_, _seat_.

(9) When a word in Latin or Greek commences with a _p_, by aspiration it becomes _f_ in English and the Teutonic languages; thus for πῦρ we have _fire_, for ποδ-_foot_, for πατήρ, _father_, etc.

(10) The English _w_ is closely connected with the vowels, as appears from _water_ and _ooater_; hence it disappears in Greek altogether, or is represented by a breathing, as in οἶνος, _wine_; ὕδωρ, _water_; ὑετός, _wet_.

(11) In some adjectives the Latin _an_, like _al_, is superfluously appended to the Greek termination in κός, as _rhetorician_, from ῥητορικός.

(12) The Greek κ, as in κύων, and _cornu_ in Latin, appears in the Teutonic languages as _h_, so _hound_, _horn_; κολώνη, _collis_, _hill_.

(13) The letter _m_ at the end of an English word curtailed from Greek signifies the thing done, the product of the verb, as ποίημα, _poem_, the thing made, a poem, from ποιέω, _I make_; so _baptism_ from βαπτίζω, and _chrism_ from χρίω, _I anoint_, and other _isms_.

(14) Finally, as at least two-thirds of the technical words used in our scientific nomenclature, and not a few even outside of the range, are of Greek extraction, the student would act wisely if at starting he were to make a list of all such terms in familiar use, with their Greek form and Greek analysis in an opposite column; as—

_theology_ θεολογία (θεός, _God_; λόγος, _discourse_)

He will thus find that he knows already some two or three hundred Greek words in a slightly disguised English form.

APPENDIX II

VOCABULARIES

In accordance with the principle set forth in the preface, these vocabularies, containing the names of the most familiar objects, are to be taken with him as a _vade mecum_ wherever the student goes. He must in no wise be content with the lazy habit of recognising a word only in a passive recipient style when he meets with it in a book, but he must stamp it directly on every object that comes in his way, and repeat it frequently without the intervention of the mother tongue, till he uses it as familiarly as a workman handles his tools. The language will thus become his familiar friend, not, as in the mere bookish method, an occasional visitor. Of course, such a catalogue of words is not intended to be exhaustive; but the learner, after training himself to the habit of thinking and speaking in the foreign idiom, may supply the deficiency by consulting any good English-Greek dictionary, such as Arnold and Browne’s, London 1856, and for modern Greek, where that may be necessary, Lascarides’s English-Greek dictionary, London 1882. From these sources also, and from his own reading, which must in no wise be neglected, he will be able to pick out appropriate verbs with which he may put the Hellenised objects around him, so to speak, into motion, and hold a conversation with a fellow-student trained to the colloquial method, or with himself, solus cum solo, if he can find no partner in his colloquial exercise.

I. MAN AND HIS BELONGINGS

(1) THE BODY

Appetite, ὄρεξις, -εως, ἡ. Arm, βραχίων, -ονος, ὁ.

Bandy-legged, βλαισός, -ή, -όν. Blind, τυφλός, -ή, -όν. Bosom, στῆθος, -εος, τό. Bowels, τὰ ἔντερα. Boy, παῖς, παιδός, ὁ. Bread, ἄρτος, ὁ. Breakfast, ἄριστον, τό. Breast, στέρνον, τό. Breath, πνεῦμα, -ατος, τό. Butter, βούτῡρον, τό. Button up, to, κομβοῦμαι.

Cake, πέμμα, -ατος, τό. Choke, trans., πνίγω, -ξω. Cough, βήξ, -χός, ὁ or ἡ. Creep, to, ἑρπύζω. Dessert, τραγήματα, τά. Digested, easily, εὐκατέργαστος, -ον. Digestion, κατεργασία, ἡ. Dinner, δεῖπνον, τό. Disease, νόσος, ἡ. Drink, πόμα, -ατος, τό. Drink, to, πίνω. Dyspepsia, δυσπεψία, ἡ.

Ear, οὖς, ὠτός, τό. Eat, to, ἐσθίω. Elbow, ἀγκών, -ῶνος, ὁ. Erect, ὀρθός, -ή, -όν. Excrement, τὰ περισσώματα. Eye, ὀφθαλμός, -οῦ, ὁ.

Face, πρόσωπον, τό. Fat, παχύς, -εῖα, -ύ. Fever, πυρετός, ὁ. Food, βρῶμα, -ατος, τό. Foot, πούς, ποδός, ὁ. Forehead, μέτωπον, τό.

Gout, ποδάγρα, ἡ. Gums, οὖλα, τά.

Hair, θρίξ, τριχός, ἡ. Head, κεφαλή, ἡ. Health, ὑγίεια, ἡ. Heel, πτέρνα, -ης, ἡ. to kick with the heel, λακτίζω. Hungry, to be, πεινάω. Hungry, to be very, λῑμώττω.

Inflammation, φλέγμα, -ατος, τό.

Jaw, γνάθος, ἡ.

Knee, γόνυ, -ατος, τό.

Lament, to, πενθέω. Laugh, to, γελάω. Leg, σκέλος, -εος, τό. Limp, to, χωλεύω. Lip, χεῖλος, -εος, τό. Lungs, πνεύμων, -ονος, ὁ.

Meagre, ἰσχνός, -ή, -όν. Mouth, στόμα, -ατος, τό. Muscle, μῦς, μυός, ὁ.

Nail, ὄνυξ, -υχος, ὁ. Neck, τράχηλος, ὁ.

Nose, ῥίς, -ῑνός, ἡ. to turn up the nose, μυκτηρίζω. to blow the nose, ἀπομύσσομαι.

Pain, ὀδύνη, -ης, ἡ. Palsy, παράλυσις, -εως, ἡ. Paunchy, φύσκων, -ωνος, or γάστρων, -ωνος, ὁ. Pleasure, ἡδονή, -ῆς, ἡ. Porridge, πόλτος, -ου, ὁ. Pudding, φυστή, -ῆς, ἡ.

Rheumatism, ῥευματισμός, -οῦ, ὁ. Run, to, τρέχω.

Scab, or itch, ψώρα, -ας, ἡ. Scratch, to, κνήθω. Shoulder, ὦμος, -ου, ὁ. Sinew, νεῦρον, τό. Skin, δέρμα, -ατος, τό. Snore, to, ῥέγχω. Spittle, πτύσμα, -ατος, τό. Stomach, γαστήρ, -τρός, ἡ. Stoop, to, κύπτω. Sugar, σάκχαρον, τό. Supine, ὕπτιος, -α, -ον. Swallow, to, καταβροχθίζω. Sweetmeats, νώγαλα, τά.

Tall, μακρός, -ά, -όν. Thigh, μηρός, -οῦ, ὁ. Thin, λεπτός, -ή, -όν. Throat, λαιμός, -οῦ, ὁ. Thumb, ἀντίχειρ, -ειρος, ὁ. Toe, δάκτυλος, -ου, ὁ. Tooth, ὀδούς, -όντος, ὁ.

Vinegar, ὄξος, -εος, τό. Vomit, to, ἐμέω.

Walk, to, περιπατῶ. Wash, to, νίζω, fut. νίψω. Water, ὕδωρ, -ατος, τό. Windpipe, λάρυγζ, -υγγος, ὁ. Wine, οἶνος, ὁ.

(2) DRESS

Belt, ζωστήρ, -ῆρος, ὁ. Bonnet, πῑλίδιον, -ου, τό. Boots, κόθορνος, -ου, ὁ. Bracelet, ψέλλιον, τό. Breeches, ἀναξυρίδες, -ων, αἱ. Buckle, περόνη, -ης, ἡ.

Clothes, ἐσθής, -ῆτος, ἡ. Coat, ἱμάτιον, τό. Cosmetic, φάρμακον, τό. Curl, βόστρυχος, ὁ.

Dress, σκευή, -ῆς, ἡ. Dress, to, ἐνδύομαι, ἀμφιβάλλομαι.

Garter, περισκελίς, -ίδος, ἡ. Glove, χειρίς, -ίδος, ἡ. Gown, a lady’s, πέπλος, ὁ. Greatcoat, περιβόλαιον, -ου, τό.

Hat, πέτασος, -ου, ὁ.

Necklace, περιδέραιον, τό.

Plaid, χλαμύς, -ύδος, ἡ.

Shirt, χιτών, -ῶνος, ὁ. Shoe, ὑπόδημα, -ατος, τό. Shoe-tie, ἱμάς, -άντος, ὁ. Slippers, βλαυτίον, τό. Stick, βακτηρία, ἡ.

Umbrella, σκιάδειον, τό. Undress, to, ἀποδύομαι.

Veil, καλύπτρα, ἡ.

(3) CHARACTER AND CONDUCT

Bashful, to be, δυσωποῦμαι. Benevolence, φιλοφροσύνη, ἡ. Braggadocio, ἀλαζών, -όνος, ὁ. Brave, ἀνδρεῖος, -α, -ον.

Careless, ῥᾴθῡμος, -ον. Cautious, εὐλαβής, -ές. Clever, εὐμαθής, -ές. Cowardly, δειλός, -ή, -όν. Cunning, ποικίλος, -η, -ον.

Dandy, καλλωπιστής, -οῦ, ὁ. Diligent, φιλόπονος, -ον.

Foolish, ἠλίθιος, -α, -ον.

Gambler, κυβευτής, -οῦ, ὁ. Gentle, πρᾶος, -εῖα, -ον.

Handsome, εὐειδής, -ές. Haughty, to be, βρενθύομαι. High-minded, μεγαλόφρων, -ονος.

Lazy, νωθρός, -ά, -όν. Learned, πολυμαθής, -ές.

Parsimonious, φειδωλός, -ή, -όν. Prig, κομψοπρεπής, ὁ. Prudent, φρόνιμος, -η, -ον.

Rash, προπετής, -ές. Religious, εὐσεβής, -ές. Rude, ἀγροικός, -ή, -όν.

Sensible, νουνεχής, -ές. Shameless, ἀναιδής, -ές. Snort, to, βριμάομαι. Squander, to, σπαθάω. Superstitious, δεισιδαίμων, -ον. Swindler, φέναξ, -ᾱκος, ὁ.

Thrifty, φειδωλός, -ή, -όν.

Ugly, αἰσχρός, -ά, -όν.

Vain, κενόδοξος, -ον.

Well-mannered, κόσμιος, -α, -ον. Worship, to, προσκυνέω.

II. THE HOUSE AND ITS BELONGINGS

Basket, κάλαθος, -ου, ὁ. Bath, λουτρών, -ῶνος, ὁ, or βαλανεῖον, τό. Bed, κοίτη, ἡ, or κράβατος, ὁ. Bed-clothes, στρώματα, τά. Bedroom, κοιτών, -ῶνος, ὁ. Bell, κώδων, -ωνος, ὁ. Bellows, φῦσα, -ης, ἡ. Book, βίβλος, -ου, ἡ. Bottle, ἄσκος, ὁ. Box, λάρναξ, -ᾰκος, ἡ. Bread, loaf of, ἄρτος, ὁ. Bread, roll of, ἀρτίδιον, τό. Bust, προτομή, ἡ.

Cage, κλωβός, ὁ. Candlestick, λυχνία, ἡ. Carpet, τάπης, -ητος, ὁ. Cellar, λάκκος, ὁ. Chair, ἕδρα, ἡ. Chest, κίστη, ἡ. Chimney, καπνοδόκη, ἡ. Cistern, δεξαμενή, ἡ. Clock, ὡρολόγιον, τό. Closet, δίαιτα, ἡ. Cook, μάγειρος, ὁ. Court-yard, αὐλή, ἡ. Cover, or lid, ἐπίθημα, -ατος, τό. Cradle, λίκνον, τό. Cup, κύλιξ, -ικος, ἡ. Curtain, παραπέτασμα, -ατος, τό.

Dining-room, δειπνητήριον, τό. Door, θύρα, ἡ.

Ewer, πρόχοος, ἡ.

Fire, πῦρ, τό. Flask, λήκυθος, ἡ. Floor, δάπεδον, τό. Foot-stool, ὑποπόδιον, τό. Foundation, θεμέλιον, τό.

Garret, ὑπερῷον, τό.

Hearth, ἐσχάρα, ἡ.

Ink, μέλαν, -άνος, τό. Inkstand, μελανοδοχεῖον, τό; καλαμάριον, τό.

Jar, πίθος, ὁ.

Kettle, λέβης, -ητος, ὁ. Kitchen, μαγειρεῖον, τό.

Lamp, λαμπάς, -άδος, ἡ. Lavatory, ἀποπατήριον, τό. Library, βιβλιοθήκη, ἡ. Lobby, πρόδομος, ὁ. Lumber-room, γρυτοδόκη, ἡ.

Maid-servant, θεράπαινα, ἡ. Master of the house, δεσπότης, -ου, ὁ. Mirror, κάτοπτρον, τό. Mistress, δέσποινα, ἡ.

Nurse, τροφός, ὁ, ἡ.

Pail, γαυλός, ὁ. Pane, πλάξ, -ακός, ἡ. Paper, χάρτης, -ου, ὁ. Parlour, ἀσπαστικόν, τό. Pen, κάλαμος, ὁ. Pencil, γραφίς, -ίδος, ἡ. Picture, πίναξ, -ακος, ὁ. Pillow, ὑποκεφάλαιον, τό. Poker, σκάλευθρον, τό. Porch, στοά, -ᾶς, ἡ. Portrait, εἰκών, -όνος, ἡ. Pot, an earthen, χύτρα, ἡ.

Roof, ὀροφή, ἡ. Room, οἴκημα, -ατος, τό.

Screen, σκέπη, ἡ. Servant, οἰκέτης, -ου, ὁ. Shake-down, στιβάς, -άδος, ἡ. Shelf, θηκίον, τό. Shovel, λίστρον, τό. Sofa, κλίνη, ἡ. Stairs, κλῖμαξ, -ακος, ἡ. Statue, ἄγαλμα, -ατος, τό. Storeroom, ταμιεῖον, τό. Story, στέγη, ἡ. Study, a, φροντιστήριον, τό.

Table, τράπεζα, ἡ. Tongs, πυράγρα, ἡ. Towel, χειρόμακτρον, τό.

Vessel, ἀγγεῖον, τό.

Wardrobe, ἱματιοφυλάκιον, τό. Wash-hand basin, χέρνιβον, τό. Window, θυρίς, -ίδος, ἡ.

III. THE TOWN AND ITS BELONGINGS

Abbey, κοινόβιον, τό. Advocate, συνήγορος, ὁ. Alderman, σύνεδρος, ὁ. Alley, _see_ Lane.

Baker, ἀρτοποιός, ὁ. Bank, τράπεζα, ἡ. Barracks, στρατόπεδον, τό, or σκηνή, ἡ. Bazaar, παντοπώλιον, τό. Beadle, _see_ Verger. Bell, κώδων, -ωνος, ὁ. Bishop, ἐπίσκοπος, ὁ. Bookseller, βιβλιοπώλης, -ου, ὁ. Bookseller’s shop, βιβλιοπωλεῖον, τό. Brick, πλινθίον, τό. Bridge, γέφῡρα, ἡ. Butcher, κρεουργός, ὁ.

Canal, ὀχετός, ὁ. Carpenter, ξυλουργός, ὁ. Castle, ἀκρόπολις, -εως, ἡ, or φρούριον, τό. Cathedral, καθέδρα, ἡ. Chapel, σηκός, ὁ. Church, ἐκκλησία, ἡ. Churchyard, πολυάνδριον, τό. Clergyman, κληρικός, ὁ. Concert, ξυναυλία, ἡ. Confectioner, πλακουντοποιός, ὁ. Council, βουλή, ἡ. Councillor, βουλευτής, -οῦ, ὁ. Court-house, δικαστήριον, τό.

Deacon, διάκονος, ὁ. Dispensary, φαρμακεῖον, τό. Draper, ὀθονιοπώλης, -ου, ὁ.

Elder, πρεσβύτερος, ὁ.

Grocer, ἀρωματοπώλης, -ου, ὁ. Groom, ἱπποκόμος, ὁ.

Horse, ἵππος, ὁ. Hotel, πανδοκεῖον, τό. House, οἴκος, ὁ.

Infirmary, νοσοκομεῖον, τό.

Judge, κριτής, -οῦ, ὁ, or δικασπόλος, ὁ.

Lamp, λαμπάς, -άδος, ἡ. Lane, or close, λαύρα, ἡ. Laundry, πλυνός, ὁ.

Market-place, ἀγορά, ἡ. Mason, λιθοδόμος, ὁ. Mayor, πολιᾱνόμος, ὁ, or δήμαρχος, ὁ. Monument, μνημεῖον, τό.

Night-watch, νυκτοφύλαξ, -ακος, ὁ.

Palace, ἀνάκτορον, τό. Park, παράδεισος, ὁ. Pastry-cook, πεμματουργός, ὁ. Pillar, στῦλος, ὁ. Policeman, περίπολος, ὁ, or τοξότης, -ου, ὁ. Poor-house, πτωχοδοχεῖον, τό. Post-office, ταχυδρομεῖον, τό. Preacher, ἱεροκήρυξ, -υκος, ὁ. Prison, δεσμωτήριον, τό. Provost, πρύτανις, -εως, ὁ.

Railway, σιδηρόδρομος, ὁ. Revenue, πρόσοδοι, αἱ.

Scavenger, κοπρολόγος, ὁ. School, διδασκαλεῖον, τό. Shoemaker, ὑποδηματοποιός, ὁ. Shop, καπηλεῖον, τό. Station, σταθμός, ὁ. Statue, ἀνδριάς, -άντος, ὁ. Steeple, κωδωνοστάσιον, τό. Store, ἀποθήκη, ἡ. Street, ὁδός, ἡ. Suburbs, προαστεῖον, τό.

Tailor, ἱματιουργός, ὁ. Taxes, τέλη, τά. Town-clerk, γραμματεύς, -έως, ὁ. Town-hall, ἀρχεῖον, τό, or πρυτανεῖον, τό.

University, πανεπιστήμιον, τό.

Verger, ῥαβδοῦχος, ὁ.

Waiter, ὑπηρέτης, -ου, ὁ.

IV. THE COUNTRY AND ITS BELONGINGS

Adder, ἔχιδνα, ἡ. Apple, μῆλον, -ου, τό. Ass, ὄνος, ὁ and ἡ.

Barn, σιτοβολών, -ῶνος, ὁ. Bay, κόλπος, ὁ. Bay tree, δάφνη, ἡ. Bean, κύαμος, ὁ. Beech, φηγός, ἡ. Beetle, κάνθαρος, ὁ. Berry, κόκκος, -ου, ὁ. Birch, σημύδα, ἡ. Bird, ὄρνις, -īθος, ὁ and ἡ. Blossom, ἄνθη, -ης, ἡ. Branch, κλάδος, ὁ. Brier, ῥαχός, -οῦ, ἡ. Brook, ῥύαξ, ᾱκος, ὁ. Bull, ταῦρος, ὁ.

Cabbage, κράμβη, ἡ. Calf, μόσχος, ὁ. Clay, κέραμος, ὁ. Clod, βῶλος, ἡ. Clover, τρίφυλλον, τό. Cock, or hen, ἀλεκτρυών, -όνος, ὁ or ἡ. Colt, πῶλος, ὁ. Cottage, καλύβη, -ης, ἡ. Cow, βοῦς, βοός, ἡ. Cow-house, βούσταθμον, τό.

Dike, χῶμα, -ατος, τό. Ditch, τάφρος, ἡ. Dog, κύων, -νός, ὁ and ἡ. Dove-cot, περιστερεών, -ῶνος, ὁ. Drain, ὀχετός, ὁ. Duck, νῆττα, -ης, ἡ. Dung, κόπρος, -ου, ἡ. Dunghill, κοπρών, -ῶνος, ὁ.

Farmer, γεωργός, ὁ. Fence, φραγμός, ὁ. Fern, πτερίς, -ίδος, ἡ, or πολυπόδιον, τό. Ferry, πορθμεῖον, τό. Field, ἀγρός, ὁ. Fir, πίτυς, -υος, ἡ. Flower, ἄνθος, -εος, τό. Foam, ἀφρός, ὁ. Fountain, πηγή, ἡ. Fox, ἀλώπηξ, -εκος, ἡ. Frog, βάτραχος, ὁ. Furrow, ὄγμος, ὁ.

Garden, κῆπος, ὁ. Goat, τράγος, ὁ. Goose, χήν, -ός, ὁ. Gooseberry, ἀγριοσταφύλη, ἡ. Grape, βότρυς, -υος, ὁ. dried, σταφίς, -ίδος, ἡ. Grass, πόα, ἡ. Grove, ἄλσος, -εος, τό.

Harvest, θερισμός, ὁ. Hawk, ἱέραξ, -ᾱκος, ὁ. Heath, ἐρείκη, ἡ. Hedgehog, ἐχῖνος, ὁ. Hill, λόφος, ὁ. Horse, ἵππος, ὁ. Hunter, κυνηγός, ὁ.

Ivy, κισσός, ὁ.

Lake, λίμνη, ἡ. Lamb, ἀμνός, ὁ. Lane, λαύρα, ἡ. Laurel, δάφνη, ἡ. Leaf, φύλλον, τό. Lily, κρῖνον, τό. white, λείριον, τό.

Marsh, τέναγος, τό. Meadow, λειμών, -ῶνος, ὁ. Mine, μέταλλον, τό. Mole, σπάλαξ, -ακος, ἡ. Mountain, ὄρος, τό. Mud, πῆλος, ὁ. Mule, ἡμίονος, ἡ.

Nursery, φυτώριον, τό.

Oak, δρῦς, δρυός, ἡ. Ox, βοῦς, βοός, ὁ, ἡ.

Pea, πίσος, ὁ. Peacock, ταών, -ῶνος, ὁ, or ταῶς, ταῶ. Pear, ὄγχνη, ἡ. Pen, or fold, σηκός, ὁ. Pig, ὗς, ὑός, ὁ and ἡ. Pigeon, περιστερά, ἡ. Pig-sty, συφεός, ὁ. Plough, ἄροτρον, τό. Potato, γηώμηλον, τό. Precipice, κρημνός, ὁ.

Rabbit, κύνικλος, ὁ. Rake, ἄμη, ἡ. Ravine, φάραγξ, -γος, ἡ. River, ποταμός, ὁ. Rock, πέτρα, ἡ. Root, ῥίζα, ἡ. Rose, ῥόδον, τό. Rush, σχοῖνος, ὁ.

Sand, ψάμμος, ἡ. Settler, κληροῦχος, ὁ. Sheep, πρόβατον, τό. Shrub, θάμνος, ὁ. Slope, κλῖμα, -ατος, τό. Spade, σκαπάνη, ἡ. Stable, ἱππών, -ῶνος, ὁ. Straw, κάλαμος, ὁ. Strawberry, χαμοκέρασον, τό.

Thicket, δενδρών, -ῶνος, ὁ. Thorn, ἄκανθα, ἡ. Toad, φρύνη, ἡ. Torrent, χειμάρρους, ὁ, or χαράδρα, ἡ. Tree, δένδρον, τό. Trout, χριστόψαρον, τό.

Valley, ἄγκος, -εος, τό. Village, κώμη, -ης, ἡ.

Wag-tail, τροχίλος, ὁ. Well, φρέαρ, -ᾱτος, τό. Worm, σκώληξ, -ηκος, ὁ.

THE END

_Printed by_ R. & R. CLARK, _Edinburgh_