PART II

THE ATHLETIC EXERCISES OF THE GREEKS

12. The Stadium 251

13. The Foot-Race 270

14. The Jump and Halteres 295

15. Throwing the Diskos 313

16. Throwing the Javelin 338

17. The Pentathlon 359

18. Wrestling 372

19. Boxing 402

20. The Pankration 435

21. The Hippodrome 451

22. The Gymnasium and the Palaestra 467

BIBLIOGRAPHY 511

INDEX 519

INDEX OF GREEK WORDS 531

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

1. Boxer on steatite pyxis. Cnossus. (_B.S.A._ 10 vii. p. 95)

2. Armed combat on Clazomenae. Sarcophagus in 21 British Museum. (Murray, _Sarcophagi in B.M._, Pls. ii., iii.)

3. Funeral games on Amphiaraus vase. Berlin, 1655. 29 (_Mon. d. I._ X., Pls. iv., v.)

4. Funeral games on Dipylon vase. Copenhagen. 30 (_Arch. Zeit._, 1885, Pl. viii.)

5. Plan of Olympia (after Dörpfeld) 35

6. Statue of girl runner. Copy of fifth-century 49 original. Vatican. (Helbig, _Führer_, 2nd Ed., 384.) (From a photograph by Alinari)

7. Apollo, found at Tenea. Munich. (E. A. Gardner, 87 _Greek Sculpture_, Fig. 20)

8. Statue by an Argive sculptor. Delphi. (_Greek 89 Sculpture_, Fig. 134; _Fouilles de Delphes_, ii. 1)

9. Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo. British Museum. 91

10. Figure from E. pediment of temple at Aegina. 92 Munich. (_Greek Sculpture_, Fig. 41)

11. Bronze statuette from Ligourio. Berlin. 93 (_Greek Sculpture_, Fig. 39)

12. Bronze statuette of Hoplitodromos. Tübingen. 94 (_Jahrb._, 1886, Pl. ix.)

13. Diskobolos, after Myron. (Photograph of 96 bronzed cast made in Munich)

14. Doryphoros, after Polycleitus. Naples. (_Greek 98 Sculpture_, Fig. 74)

15. Diadumenos from Vaison, after Polycleitus. 100 (_Greek Sculpture_, Fig. 75)

16. Bronze head of ephebos. Fifth century. Munich, 102 Glyptothek, 457. (From a photograph by Bruckmann)

17. Scenes in palaestra. R.-f. kylix. Munich, 795. 105 (_Arch. Zeit._, 1878, Pl. xi.)

18. Bronze charioteer. Fifth century. Delphi. 113 (_Greek Sculpture_, Fig. 138; _Fouilles de Delphes_, II. xlix. 1)

19. The Apoxyomenos. Rome, Vatican. (_Greek 123 Sculpture_, Fig. 98)

20. Statue of Agias by Lysippus. Delphi. (_Greek 125 Sculpture_, Fig. 141; _Fouilles de Delphes_, II. lxiii.)

21. Farnese Heracles, by Glycon. Naples. (_Greek 147 Sculpture_, Fig. 125)

22. Athletics under the Romans. Mosaic found at 177 Tusculum. Imperial period. (_Mon. d. I._ VI., vii., Pl. 82)

23. Professional boxer. Mosaic from the Thermae of 190 Caracalla. Rome, Lateran. (G. F. Hill, _Illustrations to the Classics_, Fig. 400; Secchi, _Musaico Antoniniano_)

24. Silver staters of Elis, in British Museum. 194 Fifth century, (_a_) Head of nymph Olympia; (_b_) Victory seated, with palm

25. Judge crowning a victor. Interior of r.-f. 206 kylix. Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, 532. (_Arch. Zeit._, 1853, lii. 3; Luynes, xlv.)

26. Phyllobolia. Interior of r.-f. kylix. Canino 206 Coll. (Gerh. _A. V._ 274, 1)

27. Copper coins of Delphi, in British Museum. 208 Imperial period. (_a_) Prize table, bearing crow, five apples, vase and crown. (_b_) Ins. Πύθια in crown of bay leaves. (_B.M. Coins_, Delphi, 39, 38)

28. Copper coin of Corinth, in British Museum. 214 Imperial period. Ins. Ἵσθμια in crown of pine leaves. (_B.M. Coins_, Corinth, 603)

29. 30. Silver vase. Imperial period. Paris, 220, Bibliothèque Nationale. (Le Prévost, _Mém. sur la 222 collection des Vases de Bernay_, Pls. viii., ix.)

31. Copper coin of Argos, in British Museum. 223 Imperial period. Ins. Νέμεια in crown of celery. (_B.M. Coins_, Argos, 170)

32. Flute-players. Small Panathenaic (?) amphora, 231 in British Museum, B. 188. Sixth century

33. Panathenaic festival. B.-f. kylix, in British 233 Museum, B. 80. (_J.H.S._ i., Pl vii.)

34. Apobates. Votive relief. Hellenistic period. 238 Athens, Acropolis Museum. (_B.C.H._ vii., Pl. xvii.)

35. Pyrrhic chorus. Monument of Atarbus. Fourth 240 century. Athens, Acropolis Museum. (Hill, _Illustrations to the Classics_, Fig. 417; Beulé, _L’Acropole d’Athènes_, ii., Pl. iv.)

36. Victorious boat on stele of Helvidius. 241 Imperial period. Athens, National Museum. (Ἐφ. Ἀρχ., 1862, Pl. xxix.; von Sybel, _Katalog_, 3300)

37. Proclaiming a victor. Panathenaic amphora, in 243 British Museum, B. 144. Sixth century

38. Crowning a victor. Panathenaic amphora, in 244 British Museum, B. 138. Sixth century

39. Acrobatic scene. Panathenaic (?) amphora from 245 Camirus. Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, 243. (Salzmann, _Nécropole de Cameiros_, Pl. lvii.)

40. Marble chair of judge at Panathenaea. (Stuart 246 and Revett, _Antiquities of Athens_, iii. 3, p. 20)

41. Portion of starting lines at Olympia. 253 (_Olympia_, Tafelb. i. 47)

42. The stadium of Epidaurus, S. E. corner, 255 showing starting lines and rectangular end. (From a photograph by Mr. Emery Walker)

43. Plan of stadium at Epidaurus. (Πρακτικά, 1902, 258 Pl. i.)

44. Plan of stadium at Delphi. (_B.C.H._, 1899, 258 Pl. xiii.)

45. The starting lines at Delphi. (From a 260 photograph by Mr. Emery Walker)

46. The stadium of Delphi 262

47. Hoplitodromos starting. R.-f. amphora. Louvre. 274 (_J.H.S._ xxiii. p. 270; _Bull. Nap. nouv. sér._ vi. 7)

48. Runner starting. R.-f. kylix. Formerly at 275 Naples. (_J.H.S._ xxiii. p. 271; Dubois-Maisonneuve, Pl. xxv.; Inghirami, _Mon. Etrusc._ v. 2, Pl. lxx.)

49. Runner starting. R.-f. kylix. Chiusi. 276 (Hartwig, _Meisterschalen_, Fig. 6)

50. Dolichodromoi. Panathenaic amphora. Sixth 279 century. (_Mon. d. I._ I., xxii. 7 b)

51. Dolichodromoi. Panathenaic amphora. British 280 Museum, B. 609. Archonship of Niceratus, 333 B.C. (Hill, _Illustrations to the Classics_, Fig. 390)

52. Stadiodromoi. Panathenaic amphora. Munich, 281 498. Sixth century. (_Mon. d. I._ X., xlviii., _l_, _m_)

53. Stadiodromoi. Panathenaic amphora. Fourth 283 century. (Stephani, _C. R. Atlas_, 1876, Pl. i.)

54. Hoplitodromoi, boxers, wrestlers. R.-f. kylix 286 of Euphronius. Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, 523. (Hartwig, _Meisterschalen_, Pl. xvi.; _J.H.S._ xxiii. p. 278.) For interior _vide_ Fig. 115

55. Hoplitodromoi; the turn. R.-f. kylix. Formerly 287 in Berlin. (_J.H.S._ xxiii. p. 278; _Jahrb._, 1895, p. 190)

56. Hoplitodromoi. R.-f. kylix. Berlin, 2307. 288 (_J.H.S._ xxiii. p. 277; Gerh. _A.V._ 261)

57. Hoplitodromoi; the finish. R.-f. kylix. 289 British Museum, E. 818. (_J.H.S._ xxiii. p. 285)

58. Hoplitodromoi. Panathenaic amphora. British 290 Museum, B. 608. Archonship of Pythodelus, 336 B.C. (_Mon. d. I._ X., xlviii. _e_, 3)

59. Hoplitodromoi. R.-f. kylix. Munich, 1240. 292 (_J.H.S._ xxiii. p. 284)

60. Leaden halter from Eleusis. Athens, National 298 Museum, 9075. (Ἐφ. Ἀρχ., 1883, 190; Jüthner, _Ant. Turn._ Fig. 1)

61. Photograph of halteres in British Museum, 299 (_a_) Cast of stone halter from Olympia (Jüthner, Fig. 9). (_b_) Limestone halter from Camirus (_B.M. Guide to Greek and Roman Life_, Fig. 41). (_c_) Leaden halter (_J.H.S._ xxiv. p. 182)

62. Stone halter from Corinth. Athens, National 300 Museum. (Ἐφ. Ἀρχ., 1883, p. 103; Jüthner, _Ant. Turn._ Fig. 8)

63. Jumper and flute-player. R.-f. pelike. British 302 Museum, E. 427. (_J.H.S._ xxiv. p. 185)

64. Jumpers, akontistes, diskobolos, flute-player. 303 R.-f. krater. Copenhagen (?). (_J.H.S._ xxiv. p. 185; _Annali_, 1846, M.)

65. Jumpers practising and paidotribes. R.-f. 304 kylix. Bologna. (_J.H.S._ xxiv. p. 186; Jüthner, _Ant. Turn._ Fig. 16)

66. Jumpers, diskobolos, paidotribai. R.-f. kylix. 305 Bourguignon Coll. (_Arch. Zeit._, 1884, xvi.) For interior _vide_ Fig. 80

67. Jumper about to land. B.-f. amphora. British 306 Museum, B. 48. (_J.H.S._ xxiv. p. 183, ii. p. 219; Jüthner, _Ant. Turn._ Fig. 15)

68. Jumper running. R.-f. kylix. Chiusi. (_J.H.S._ 307 xxiv. p. 188; Klein, _Euphronios_, p. 306)

69. Standing jump without halteres. R.-f. pelike 309 belonging to Dr. Hauser. (_J.H.S._ xxiii. p. 272; _Jahrb._, 1895, p. 185)

70. Youth swinging halteres. R.-f. oinochoe. 311 British Museum, E. 561. (_J.H.S._ xxiv. p. 192)

71. Diskobolos holding stone diskos. B.-f. 314 amphora. British Museum, B. 271. (_J.H.S._ xxvii. Pl. i.) For reverse _vide_ Fig. 141

72. Bronze diskos found at Aegina. Berlin. 315 (Jüthner, _Ant. Turn._ Fig. 20)

73. Bronze diskos of Exoïdas. British Museum, 3207 317

74. Marking the throw of diskos. (_a_) R.-f. 320 kylix. Chiusi. (_b_) R.-f. kylix of Hischylus. Würzburg, 357, A. (_J.H.S._ xxvii. p. 11; Jüthner, _Ant. Turn._ Fig. 27)

75. The standing diskobolos. Vatican. Copy of 321 fifth-century original. (From a photograph by Anderson)

76. Palaestra scene; diskobolos, akontistes. R.-f. 323 kylix. British Museum, E. 6. (_J.H.S._ xxiii. p. 273)

77. Diskobolos, flute-player. B.-f. kelebe. 324 British Museum, B. 361. (_J.H.S._ xxvii. p. 15)

78. Diskobolos. R.-f. krater of Amasis. Corneto. 324 (_J.H.S._ xxvii. p. 16; Hartwig, _Meisterschalen_, Fig. 56 a)

79. Diskobolos and paidotribes. R.-f. pelike. 325 British Museum, E. 395. (_J.H.S._ xxvii. Pl. iii.)

80. Diskobolos. Interior of Fig. 66 326

81. Bronze statuette of diskobolos. Fifth century. 326 (_J.H.S._ xxvii. p. 18; _Burlington Fine Arts Club_, 1903, Pl. 50)

82. Diskobolos, paidotribes. B.-f. lekythos. 328 British Museum, B. 576. (_J.H.S._ xxvii. Pl. ii.)

83. Bronze statuette of diskobolos. New York. 329 (_Bulletin of Metropolitan Museum of Art_, iii. p. 32)

84. Bronze statuette of diskobolos. British 330 Museum, 675. Fifth century. (_J.H.S._ xxvii. p. 22)

85. Diskobolos. R.-f. kylix. Louvre. (_J.H.S._ 331 xxvii. p. 27; Hartwig, _Meisterschalen_, lxiii. 2)

86. Coins of Cos, in British Museum, representing 332 diskobolos. Fifth century. (_J.H.S._ xxvii. p. 30)

87. Diskobolos. Panathenaic amphora. Naples, Race. 333 Cum. 184. (_J.H.S._ xxvii. p. 32; Jüthner, _Ant. Turn._ Fig. 31)

88. Diskobolos, flute-player, paidotribes, youth 334 fastening amentum, skapanai. B.-f. hydria. British Museum, E. 164. (_J.H.S._ xxvii. p. 32; _B.C.H._, 1899, p. 164)

89. Diskobolos. R.-f. kylix. Boulogne, Musée 335 Municipale. (_J.H.S._ xxvii. p. 33; _Le Musée_, ii. p. 281)

90. Diskobolos. B.-f. hydria. Vienna, 318. 336 (_J.H.S._ xxvii. p. 34)

91. Youth fastening amentum. R.-f. kylix. 340 Würzburg, 432. (Jüthner, _Ant. Turn._ Fig. 37)

92. Various methods of attaching the amentum. 341 (_J.H.S._ xxvii. p. 250)

93. Warrior holding spear by amentum. B.-f. kylix. 342 British Museum, B. 380. (_J.H.S._ xxvii. p. 252)

94. Warriors throwing spears with amenta. François 343 vase, Florence. (_J.H.S._ xxvii. p. 253; Furtwängler, _Vasenmalerei_, Pl. xiii.)

95. Illustrations of use of the throwing thong. 344 (_a_, _b_) Jüthner, _Ant. Turn._ Figs. 47, 48. Reconstruction of throw, (_c_) Detail from _B.M. Vases_, B. 134. (_d_) The ounep of New Caledonia.

96. Palaestra scene; a wrestling lesson, 345 preparations for javelin-throwing. R.-f. psykter. Bourguignon Coll. (_J.H.S._ xxvii. p. 259; _Antike Denkmale_, ii. 20)

97. Akontistes. B.-f. stamnos. Vatican. (_J.H.S._ 346 xxvii. p. 261; _Mus. Greg._ II. xvii.)

98. Mounted warriors throwing javelins by means of 347 amenta. B.-f. vase. Athens, Acropolis Museum, 606. (_J.H.S._ xxvii. p. 261; B. Graef. _Die antiken Vasen v. d. Acropolis_, Pl. xxxi.)

99. Diskobolos, akontistes, boxer fastening 348 himantes. R.-f. amphora, in British Museum, E. 256. (_J.H.S._ xxvii. Pl. xix.)

100. Akontistai. R.-f. kylix. Munich, 562 A. 349 (_J.H.S._ xxvii. p. 262; Jüthner, _Ant. Turn._ Fig. 41)

101. Akontistai. R.-f. kylix. Berlin, 3139 inv. 350 (_J.H.S._ xxvii. p. 263; Hartwig, _Meisterschalen_, Pl. xlvi.)

102. Akontistes. R.-f. kylix. Torlonia, 270 (148). 351 (_J.H.S._ xxvii. p. 264; Jüthner, _Ant. Turn._ Fig. 49)

103. Akontistes, diskobolos, skapane. R.-f. 353 amphora. Munich, 408. (_J.H.S._ xxvii. p. 265; Furtwängler, _Vasenmalerei_, xlv.)

104. Akontistes. R.-f. kylix. Rome(?) (Jüthner, 354 _Ant. Turn._ Fig. 43)

105. Akontistes. R.-f. kylix. Berlin, 2728. 355 (_J.H.S._ xxvii. p. 268; Jüthner, _Ant. Turn._ Fig. 42)

106. Throwing the javelin on horseback. 357 Panathenaic amphora. British Museum. (_J.H.S._ xxvii. Pl. xx.)

107. Pentathlon. Panathenaic amphora. British 360 Museum, B. 134. Sixth century. (_J.H.S._ xxvii. Pl. xviii.)

108. Pentathlon. Panathenaic amphora. Leyden. 361 Sixth century. (_Arch. Zeit._, 1881, ix.)

109. Wrestling types on coins, in British Museum. 372 (_J.H.S._ xxv. p. 271.) (_a_, _b_, _c_) Aspendus, fifth and fourth centuries; (_d_) Heraclea in Lucania, fourth century; (_e_, _f_) Syracuse, _circa_ 400 B.C.; (_g_) Alexandria, Antoninus Pius

110. One of a pair of wrestling-boys, generally 379 known as diskoboloi. Hellenistic period. Naples. (From a photograph by Brogi)

111. Wrestling. Panathenaic amphora. British 381 Museum, B. 603. Archonship of Polyzelus, 367 B.C. (_J.H.S._ xxv. p. 263)

112. Theseus and Cercyon wrestling. R.-f. kylix. 382 British Museum, E. 84. (_J.H.S._ xxv. p. 264)

113. Wrestling group from b.-f. amphora. British 383 Museum. B. 295. _Vide_ Fig. 143. (_J.H.S._ xxv. p. 270)

114. The flying mare. R.-f. kylix. British Museum, 384 E. 94. (_J.H.S._ xxv. p. 268)

115. The flying mare. Interior of Fig. 54 385

116. Wrestling groups. Prize vase. R.-f. krater of 386 Andocides. Berlin, 2159. (_J.H.S._ xxv. p. 270; _American Journal of Archaeology_, 1896, p. 11)

117. Wrestling. R.-f. krater. Oxford, Ashmolean 387 Museum, 288. (_J.H.S._ xxv. p. 274; _Catalogue of Ashmolean Museum_, Pl. xiii.)

118. Reverse of Fig. 143 388

119. Peleus and Atalanta. B.-f. amphora. Munich, 389 584. (_J.H.S._ xxv. p. 275; Gerh. _A. V._ 177)

120. Wrestling, cross-buttock. Panathenaic 390 amphora. Boulogne, Musée Municipale, 441. Sixth century. (_Le Musée_, ii. p. 275, Fig. 15)

121. Wrestling groups. B.-f. amphora. Munich, 391 1336. (_J.H.S._ xxv. Pl. xii.)

122. Wrestling group, paidotribes. R.-f. kylix. 392 Philadelphia. (_Trans. of University of Pennsylvania_, 1907, Pl. xxxv.)

123. Wrestling groups, brabeutes. B.-f. amphora. 393 Munich, 495. (_J.H.S._ xxv. Pl. xii.)

124. Theseus and Cercyon. R.-f. kylix. British 394 Museum, E. 48. (_J.H.S._ xxv. p. 285)

125. Theseus and Cercyon. R.-f. kylix. British 394 Museum, E. 36. (_J.H.S._ xxv. p. 285)

126. Theseus and Cercyon. Metope of Theseum. 395 (_J.H.S._ xxv. p. 286; _Greek Sculpture_, Fig. 66)

127. Bronze wrestling group. Paris. (Clarac, 802, 396 2014; Reinach, _Musée de Saint-Germain-en-Laye_, 124)

128. Wrestling, cross-buttock. B.-f. amphora. 397 Vatican. (_J.H.S._ xxv. p. 288; _Mus. Greg._ xvii. 1, _a_)

129. Bronze wrestling group. British Museum. 398 (_J.H.S._ xxv. Pl. xi.)

130. Bronze wrestling group. St. Petersburg. 399 (Stephani, _C.R._, 1867, i. 1, 5; _J.H.S._ xxv. p. 290)

131. Bronze wrestling group. Constantinople. 400 (_J.H.S._ xxv. p. 291; _Jahrb._, 1898, xi.)

132. Boxers taking the oath. R.-f. kylix. British 403 Museum, E. 63. (Jüthner, _Ant. Turn._ Fig. 54)

133. Boxing scenes. R.-f. kylix of Duris. British 404 Museum, E. 39. (_J.H.S._ xxvi. Pl. xii.; Jüthner, _Ant. Turn._ Fig. 53)

134. Interior of Fig. 151 406

135. Boxers. Panathenaic amphora. British Museum, 407 B. 607. Archonship of Pytliodelus, B.C. 336. (_Mon. d. I._ X., xlviii. _e_, 2; Jüthner, _Ant. Turn._ Fig. 67)

136. Statue of boxer seated. Rome, Terme Museum. 408 (From a photograph by Anderson)

137. Right hand of boxer from Sorrento. Naples. 409 (Jüthner, _Ant. Turn._ Fig. 63)

138. Caestus from mosaic in the thermae of 411 Caracalla. Rome, Lateran. (Jüthner, _Ant. Turn._ Fig. 74)

139. Boxers (?) fighting over prize. Bronze 412 situla. Watsch. (Jüthner, _Ant. Turn._ Fig. 61; _Mitth. d. Central. Comm._, 1883, Pl. ii.)

140. Boxers fighting over tripod. Fragment of 413 b.-f. situla from Daphnae. British Museum, B. 124. (_Tanis_, ii. 30)

141. Boxer giving signal of defeat. B.-f. amphora 416 in British Museum, B. 271. For reverse _vide_ Fig. 71

142. Boxers, runners, jumper, wearing loin-cloth. 418 B.-f. stamnos. Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, 252. (De Ridder, _Catalogue des Vases peints_, i. p. 160)

143. Boxers, wrestlers. B.-f. amphora of 420 Nicosthenes. British Museum, B. 295. _Vide_ Figs. 113, 118

144. Boxers. Panathenaic amphora. Berlin, 1831. 422 Sixth century. (Jüthner, _Ant. Turn._ Fig. 60)

145. Boxers. Panathenaic amphora. Campana Coll. 423 Sixth century. (Stephani, _C.R._, 1876, 109, 44)

146. Boxers. R.-f. kylix of Pamphaeus. Corneto. 424 (Marquardt, _Pentathlon_, Pl. i.; _Mon. d. I._ XI., xxiv.)

147. Boxers. Panathenaic amphora. Louvre, F. 278. 425 Sixth century. (_J.H.S._ xxvi. p. 222)

148. Boxers. Panathenaic amphora. British Museum, 427 B. 612. Fourth century

149. Marble head of boxer, with ear-lappets. 433 Formerly in possession of Fabretti. (Schreiber, _Atlas_, xxiv. 8; Fabretti, _De Columna Trajani_, p. 267)

150. Boxers, akontistes, diskobolos, runners. 433 B.-f. hydria. British Museum, B. 326. (Marquardt, _Pentathlon_, Pl. ii.)

151. Pankration, boxing, hoplitodromos. R.-f. 436 kylix. British Museum, E. 78. (_J.H.S._ xxvi. Pl. xiii.)

152. Pankration. R.-f. kylix. Baltimore. (_J.H.S._ 437 xxvi. p. 9; Hartwig, _Meisterschalen_, Pl. lxiv.)

153. Pankration. Fragment of R.-f. kylix. Berlin. 438 (_J.H.S._ xxvi. p. 8; Hartwig, _Meisterschalen_, Fig. 12)

154. Pankration. Panathenaic amphora. Sixth 439 century. (_Mon. d. I._ I., xxii.)

155. Pankration. Panathenaic amphora. Sixth 440 century. (_Mon. d. I._ I. xxii.)

156. Heracles and Antaeus. B.-f. hydria, Munich, 441 114. (_J.H.S._ xxvi. p. 21; _Arch. Zeit._, 1878, x.)

157. Pankration. Panathenaic amphora of Kittos. 442 British Museum, B. 604. Fourth century. (_J.H.S._ xxvi. Pl. iii.)

158. Pankration. Panathenaic amphora. British 443 Museum, B. 610. Archonship of Nicetes, 332 B.C. (_J.H.S._ xxvi. Pl. iv.)

159. Pankration. Panathenaic amphora. Lamberg 444 Coll. (_J.H.S._ i. Pl. vi.)

160. Heracles and Triton. B.-f. amphora. British 445 Museum, B. 223. (_J.H.S._ xxvi. p. 15)

161. Heracles and Antaeus. R.-f. kylix. Athens. 446 (_J.H.S._ x. Pl. i.; xxvi. p. 11)

162. Wrestling groups on Graeco-Roman gems in 447 British Museum. (_J.H.S._ xxvi. p. 10)

163. Marble group of pankratiasts. Uffizi Palace, 449 Florence. (Photograph by Brogi)

164. Plan of Aphesis in Hippodrome at Olympia. 453 (After Weniger. _Clio_, 1909, p. 303)

165. Four-horse chariot-race. Panathenaic amphora 456 found at Sparta. Sixth century. (_B.S.A._ xiii. Pl. v.)

166. Two-horse chariot-race. Panathenaic amphora. 458 British Museum, B. 132. Sixth century

167. Coins of Philip II. of Macedon, in British 459 Museum, (_a_) Silver tetradrachm; victorious jockey with palm branch, (_b_) Gold stater; two-horse chariot

168. Silver tetradrachm of Rhegium, in British 460 Museum. Early fifth century. Mule chariot

169. Riding-race. Panathenaic amphora. British 461 Museum, B. 133. Sixth century

170. Silver staters of Tarentum, in British 462 Museum. Third century. (_a_) Mounted torch-bearer. (_b_) Apobates dismounting

171. Silver tetradrachms of Catana, in British 464 Museum. Fifth century. Four-horse chariot

172. Silver decadrachms of Sicily, in British 465 Museum. Four-horse chariot, (_a_) Agrigentum, 413-406 B.C. (_b_) Syracuse, 400-360 B.C.

173. Scenes in gymnasium. Boxers, wrestlers, 473 paidotribai, diskobolos, akontistes. R.-f. kylix. Canino Coll. (Gerh. _A. V._ 271)

174. Riding lesson in gymnasium. R.-f. kylix. 474 Munich, 515. (_Arch. Zeit._, 1885, xi.)

175. Scenes in apodyterion of gymnasium. R.-f. 475 kylix. Copenhagen. (Gerh. _A. V._ 281)

176. Scene in apodyterion. R.-f. krater. Berlin, 476 2180. (_Arch. Zeit._, 1879, 4)

177. Boxing, massage. Bronze cista. Vatican. 477 (_Mus. Greg_. i. 37)

178. Korykos. Small r.-f. amphora. St. Petersburg, 478 Hermitage, 1611. (_Annali_, 1870, R.)

179. Korykos. Ficoroni cista. Kirchner Museum, 479 Rome. (Müller-Wieseler, _Denkmäl. d. alt. Kunst_,