Part 23

BRAZIL, Kingdom, 110, 112; Declaration of Independence, 113; Empire, 112, 113, 115, 116; Republic, 119; United States of Brazil, to-day, 120; native products, 121; Roosevelt and the River of Doubt, 66, 69; Statue of Liberty presented by the People of the United States to Brazil, 121.

BREWSTER, WILLIAM, Pastor of Plymouth Colony, 126.

BROTHER JONATHAN, soubriquet of Governor Jonathan Trumbull, 210.

BROTHERLY LOVE, CITY OF, soubriquet of Philadelphia, 36.

BUENOS AIRES, Paris of America, 241; Argentina’s first Colonial Assembly, 243; celebrates victory of Chacabuco, 254; San Martin exiles himself from, 276; visit of Roosevelt, 66.

BUNKER HILL BATTLE, watched by John Quincy Adams, 86; Putnam at, 147.

BURKE, EDMUND, defender of America, 104.

BURROUGHS, JOHN, with Roosevelt in the Yellowstone, 53.

CAMBRIDGE (MASS.), Washington at, 147.

CAMDEN, EARL OF, defender of America, 104.

CAMDEN, BATTLE OF, de Kalb rescued by Cornwallis, 415.

CANADA, aids blockaded Boston, 80.

CANONICUS, CHIEF, sends Rattlesnake Challenge, 137; succours Roger Williams, 352.

CAPE COD BAY, the _Mayflower_ anchors in, 129.

CARACAS, Miranda born in, 331; destroyed by earthquake, 343; Bolivar born in, 373; Bolivar interred in, 390.

CARIBBEAN SEA, explored by Columbus, 17, 23.

CARRERAS BROTHERS, at Rancagua, 398.

CARVER, JOHN, leaves Holland for the New World, 126.

CASAS, _see_ LAS CASAS.

CATHAY, Columbus’s search for, 9, 10, 13, 15, 16, 24.

CHACABUCO, victory of, 253, 254.

CHAGRES RIVER, discovered by Columbus, 25.

CHARLESTOWN (MASS.), burned by the British, 86.

CHATHAM, EARL OF, _see_ PITT, WILLIAM.

CHATHAM (N.Y.), named for William Pitt, 94.

CHESTER (PA.), Lafayette at the bridge of, 417.

CHILE, San Martin’s Army crosses the Andes, 251; battles of Chacabuco and Maipu, 253; honours San Martin, 254; National Flag, 255, 397; Independence recognized by the United States, 267; reconstruction under O’Higgins, 401; threatened by Holy Alliance, 403; welcomes Monroe Doctrine, 403; Independence Day, 404; native products, 404; Argentine boundary line settled, 407; the Republic to-day, 403.

CHRIST JESUS, Columbus’s devotion to, 9, 10; quoted by Penn, 32; as Prince of Peace, 34, 406; Lincoln’s testimony to the Saviour, 184; Washington’s testimony to His precepts, 232; The Holy Alliance fails to carry out His precepts, 269.

CHRISTOPHER, ST., legend of, 9.

CINCINNATI, SOCIETY OF, founded, 208; members welcome Lafayette, 423.

CINCINNATUS OF THE WEST, soubriquet of Washington, 206.

CINCINNATUS THE ROMAN, story of, 207.

CIPANGO (JAPAN), Columbus searches for, 16.

CITY OF BOLIVAR, Angostura renamed, 384.

CITY OF BROTHERLY LOVE, soubriquet of Philadelphia, 36, 81.

CITY OF THE KINGS, soubriquet of Lima, Peru, 244.

COCHRANE, LORD THOMAS, admiral of Chilean Navy, 255, 256.

COLOMBIA, REPUBLIC OF, established, 390. _See also_ GREAT COLOMBIA.

COLON, CITY OF, named for Columbus, 25.

COLUMBUS, CHRISTOPHER, some important dates in his life, 2; boyhood, 3; theories about shape of earth, 8; search for Kublai Khan, 10, 13, 21, 24; the mutiny, 2, 12; discovers West Indies, 12; discovers corn and tobacco, 12; names Indians, 13; returns to Spain, 13; honours conferred on him by sovereigns of Spain, 15; discovers Trinidad, 16; discovers South America, 17; discovers Gulf of Pearls, 18; is deposed from Governorship, 19, 20; starts on Fourth Voyage, 21; wrecked off Jamaica, 24; dream of Panama, 24; sails up the Chagres River, 25; dies in Spain, 26.

COLUMBUS, DIEGO, at La Rabida, 12.

COLUMBUS, FERDINAND, page to Queen Isabella, 21; sails with his father, 22; encourages the sailors, 22; returns to Spain, 24, 26.

CONNECTICUT, aids blockaded Boston, 79; banner at Bunker Hill, 147; supplies Washington with powder, 209; independent Constitution, 209.

CONNECTICUT RIVER, meaning of name, 209.

CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES, verses by Francis Hopkinson, 153; defended by Hamilton, 158; the foundations of, 98, 442; necessity for expounding, 444; expounded by John Marshall, 444; tribute from Gladstone, 442; from Bolivar, Webster, and Lincoln, 448, 449. _See also_ FEDERAL CONVENTION; HAMILTON; REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT.

CONSTITUTIONS OF OTHER COUNTRIES, Brazil, 120; Venezuela, 384; Chile, 404; England, 99, 269, 442.

CONSTITUTIONS, definitions of, 442.

CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, FIRST, meeting of, 80; Petitions of, 81.

CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, SECOND, appoints George Washington Commander-in-Chief, 83, 84, 85.

CONWAY CABAL, 418.

CORN, INDIAN, discovery of, 12.

CORNHILL, Pilgrims find corn at, 135.

CORNWALLIS, GENERAL, rescues de Kalb, 415.

COTTON-BALES, at New Orleans, 299.

COUNCIL ELM, of William Penn, 38.

CRADLE OF AMERICAN LIBERTY, Faneuil Hall, 104.

CREEK INDIAN WAR, Massacre at Fort Mims, 289.

CRESAP, COLONEL, nicknamed Big Spoon, 192.

CRISTOBAL, CITY OF, named after Columbus, 25.

CROCKETT, DAVY, joins Andrew Jackson, 290.

CUBA, Liberation of, 59, 61.

CUSTIS, GEORGE WASHINGTON PARKE, 200, 203.

CUSTIS, JACK, 198.

CUSTIS, NELLIE, 200.

CUSTIS, PATSY, 198.

DEANE, SILAS, attends First Continental Congress, 80.

DE KALB, BARON, accompanies Lafayette to America, 414; chosen by Lafayette to be lieutenant, 419; mortally wounded at Camden, 415.

DE LAS CASAS, _see_ LAS CASAS.

DE MIRANDA, _see_ MIRANDA.

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE OF THE UNITED STATES, in the spirit of Magna Carta, 98; framed by Jefferson, 308; clause on slavery stricken out, 311; Fiftieth anniversary of signing, 91, 304, 313. _See also_ FOURTH OF JULY; JEFFERSON; LIBERTY BELL.

DECLARATIONS OF INDEPENDENCE OF OTHER COUNTRIES, Argentina, 243; Bolivia, 390; Brazil, 113; Chile, 404; Haiti, 405; Peru, 265; Venezuela, 342.

DELAWARE, aids blockaded Boston, 79; sends delegates to First Continental Congress, 80.

EARTH, old theories about its shape, 7.

EARTHLY PARADISE, Columbus’s search for, 5, 15, 21.

ECUADOR, Guayaquil now a part of, 271; formation of Republic, 390.

EDWARD VII OF ENGLAND, decides Argentine-Chilean boundary line, 407.

EL CRISTO OF THE ANDES, 406.

ELDER PITT, soubriquet of William Pitt, 94.

ELKHORN RANCH, Roosevelt at, 48.

EMPIRE OF THE SOUTHERN CROSS, _see_ BRAZIL.

ENGLISH CONSTITUTION, _see_ CONSTITUTIONS OF OTHER COUNTRIES.

ESTABLISHED CHURCH OF ENGLAND, 125, 330, 350.

EVER FAITHFUL ISLE, soubriquet of Cuba, 59.

FAIRFAX, LORD, Washington surveys his estate, 191, 193.

FANEUIL HALL, cradle of American Liberty, 104.

FAREWELL ADDRESS, Washington consults Madison and Hamilton, 158.

FATHER OF HIS COUNTRY, soubriquet of Washington, 189.

FATHER THADDEUS, soubriquet of Kosciuszko, 225.

FEDERAL CONSTITUTION, _see_ CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.

FEDERAL CONVENTION, Washington presides at, 171; Franklin and the rising sun, 171; wisdom of its members, 442. _See also_ CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.

FEDERAL UNION, _see_ UNION, THE.

FIRST AMERICAN, soubriquet of Roger Williams, 347.

FIRST SOLDIER, FIRST CITIZEN, soubriquet of Bernardo O’Higgins, 404.

FLAGS OF THE UNITED STATES, Pine Tree, 358, 360; adoption of Stars and Stripes, 361; design for Stars on Flag, 88; first foreign salute to, 362. _See also_ BANNERS.

FLAGS OF OTHER REPUBLICS, Argentina, 251; Chile, 255, 397; Cuba, 60; Peru, 265; Venezuela, 339, 342.

FLAMING SON OF LIBERTY, soubriquet of Miranda, 331, 346.

FORT MCHENRY, visited by Lafayette, 423.

FORT MIMS, massacre at, 289, 291, 293, 295.

FORTUNATE ISLES, legend, 6.

FOURTH OF JULY, celebration recommended by John Adams, 74; fiftieth anniversary of, 91, 304, 313; Jackson reads it aloud, 282. _See also_ DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE; INDEPENDENCE DAYS; LIBERTY BELL.

FOX, CHARLES JAMES, defender of America, 104.

FOX, GEORGE, advice to Penn about his sword, 32.

FRANCIA, Tyrant-liberator of Paraguay, 405.

FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN, some important dates in his life, 164; the whistle, 165; his boyhood, 166, 167; anecdote of the rolls, 168; standing before Kings, 169; draws lightning from the clouds, 170; at the Federal Convention, 171; recommends Steuben, 221; aids Paul Jones, 364; bequeaths walking-stick to Washington, 172.

FRAUNCES TAVERN, Washington’s farewell to his officers at, 230.

FREDERICKSBURG, Washington visits his mother at, 195.

FRIENDS (QUAKERS), William Penn becomes a Friend, 32; William Penn and George Fox, 32; Isaac Potts, 212; Nathanael Greene, 214; John Greenleaf Whittier, 312. _See also_ NEW JERSEY.

GALLEONS, _see_ SPANISH GALLEONS.

GARCIA, GENERAL, Cuban Patriot, 60.

GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD, Abolitionist, 312.

GATES, GENERAL, his conspiracy against Washington, 418.

GAUCHOS, Argentine cowboys or plainsmen, 241, 242.

GENOA, birthplace of Columbus, 3.

GEORGE III, KING OF ENGLAND, Petitioned by First Continental Congress, 81.

GEORGE WASHINGTON OF SPANISH AMERICA, soubriquet of Jose de San Martin, 254.

GETTYSBURG ADDRESS, text of, 186.

GOD, PRAYERS TO HIM FOR OUR COUNTRY, Washington’s Prayer at Valley Forge, 213; in his “Legacy,” 232; in his letter to Putnam, 151; poem by D. C. Roberts, 450.

GOD MAKES A PATH, poem by Roger Williams, 348.

GOMEZ, GENERAL, Cuban Patriot, 60.

GOSPEL, THE, Columbus’s desire to preach it, 9, 10.

GRAND KHAN OF TARTARY, _see_ KUBLAI KHAN.

GRAND OLD ADMIRAL, soubriquet of Columbus, 20, 26.

GREAT COLOMBIA, formed, 272, 388; Independence recognized by the United States, 267; dissolved, 390.

GREAT COMMONER, soubriquet of William Pitt, 94.

GREAT DROUGHT, in Plymouth Colony, 138.

GREAT EMANCIPATOR, soubriquet of Lincoln, 173.

GREENE, NATHANIEL, at the Siege of Boston, 213; recommends Hamilton to Washington, 157; presents Moll Pitcher to Washington, 219; bids Washington farewell at Fraunces Tavern, 230; tribute to him, 215.

GUAYAQUIL (NOW A PART OF ECUADOR), liberation of, 271; San Martin and Bolivar meet at, 273.

GULF OF PEARLS, discovered by Columbus, 18.

HAITI, liberation of, 405.

HAMILTON, ALEXANDER, some important dates in his life, 154; boyhood, 155; meets Washington, 157; becomes Washington’s private secretary, 157; defends the Constitution, 158; bids Washington farewell at Fraunces Tavern, 230; becomes Secretary of the Treasury, 160; member of the Cincinnati, 208; tribute to him, by Daniel Webster, 154.

HANCOCK, JOHN, at Lexington, 82; presides over Second Continental Congress, 82.

HANNIBAL OF THE ANDES, soubriquet of San Martin, 254.

HARDING, WARREN G., at the unveiling of statue of Bolivar, 121.

HAVANA HARBOUR, battleship, Maine destroyed in, 62.

HAYS, MOLLY, _see_ PITCHER MOLLY.

HEARTS OF OAK, Hamilton’s company, 157.

HENRY, PATRICK, some important dates in his life, 316; meets Jefferson, 307; elected to House of Burgesses, 307; speaks against Stamp Act, 317; “Give me Liberty, or give me Death!” 321; influence on John Marshall, 432; delegate to First Continental Congress, 80, 320, 322.

HIDALGO, Liberator of Mexico, 405.

HOLY ALLIANCE, formation, 268; plan to invade America, 269; cause of declaring Monroe Doctrine, 270; Chile threatened by, 403.

HOLY BIBLE, influence on William Bradford, 125; Lincoln’s mother reads it to her children, 176; influence on Lincoln, 184; Lincoln reads it to White House servants, 184; Lincoln’s tribute to, 184; text from, used by Lincoln, 184; text from, on Liberty Bell, 310.

HOPKINS, OCEANUS, Pilgrim child, born at sea, 132.

HOUSE DIVIDED AGAINST ITSELF, text from Bible used by Lincoln, 184.

HOUSTON, SAM, serves under Jackson, 295.

ICELAND, known as Thule, 8.

INDEPENDENCE, Growth of Idea, 98, 99, 100, 308, 316, 429. _See also_ DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE; LIBERTY; MAGNA CARTA; REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT.

INDEPENDENCE DAYS, in Argentina, 243; Chile, 404. _See also_ DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE; FOURTH OF JULY.

INDIANS, _see_ AMERICAN INDIANS.

ISABELLA, PRINCESS OF BRAZIL, frees Brazilian slaves, 118.

ISABELLA, QUEEN OF SPAIN, aids Columbus, 11, 12; honours him on return from Indies, 14; permits him to be deposed, 19; is grieved at his ill-treatment, 20.

JACKSON, ANDREW, some important dates in his life, 280; boyhood, 281; reads the Declaration, 282; fights in War for Independence, 283; tribute to his mother, 286; emigrates to Tennessee, 286; why called Old Hickory, 298; meets Chief Weatherford, 293; his regard for Sam Houston, 296, 297; story of the cotton-bales, 299; kind treatment of enemy at Battle of New Orleans, 301; his toast on Jefferson’s birthday, 279; tribute to him, by Roosevelt, 280.

JACKSON, MRS. ELIZABETH, nurses the wounded soldiers, 283; rescues her sons from prison, 284; dies while rescuing other Patriots, 285.

JACKSON, HUGH, Andrew’s brother, a Patriot, 283.

JACKSON, ROBERT, helps nurse soldiers, 283; captured by the British, 284; dies after release from prison, 285.

JAMAICA, ISLAND OF, Columbus stranded on, 24.

JAPAN (CIPANGO), Columbus’s search for, 16.

JAY, JOHN, attends First Continental Congress, 81.

JEFFERSON, PETER, strength and force of character, 306.

JEFFERSON, THOMAS, some important dates in his life, 304; boyhood, 305; meets Patrick Henry, 307; delegate to Continental Congress, 308; frames Declaration of Independence, 308; ardent Abolitionist, 310; God’s judgment on Slavery, 312; dies on Fiftieth Anniversary of signing of Declaration, 304, 313; tribute to him, by Lincoln, 303.

JESUS CHRIST, _see_ CHRIST JESUS.

JONES, JOHN PAUL, some important dates in his life, 358; boyhood, 359; hoists flag on the _Alfred_, 360; appointed Commander, 361; first foreign salute offered to Stars and Stripes, 362; commands the _Poor Richard_, 364; appearance and character, 367; his famous sayings, 369.

KNOX, GENERAL, bids Washington farewell at Fraunces Tavern, 231.

KOSCIUSZKO, THADDEUS, meets Washington, 223; romance of, 224, 227; fortifies West Point, 225; leaves American property to free slaves, 311; member of the Cincinnati, 208; incident of Polish soldiers, 226.

KUBLAI KHAN, Columbus’s search for, 9, 10, 13, 21, 24.

LA BANDA ORIENTAL, _see_ URUGUAY.

LA PLATA, _see_ ARGENTINA.

LA RABIDA, Columbus at, 12.

LAFAYETTE, MARQUIS DE, some important dates in his life, 412; arrival in America, 411, 412, 413, 414; befriended by Washington, 414; gifts to suffering America, 420; wounded at Brandywine, 416; loyal to Washington, 418; his toast to Washington, 419; gifts to Washington, 201; member of the Cincinnati, 208; revisits America, 422; is honoured by Congress, 420; transmits relics of Washington, to Bolivar, 421.

LAND OF YOUTH, legend of the Atlantic, 6.

LAS CASAS, BARTOLOME DE, succours the Indians, 26.

LATIN AMERICAN REPUBLICS, their number, 405; their Colonial nationality, 405. _See also_ BOLIVAR; MIRANDA; O’HIGGINS; PEDRO; SAN MARTIN.

LE BON HOMME RICHARD, Paul Jones’s ship, 364.

LEANDER, THE, Miranda’s ship, 335; John Adams’s grandson sails in, 90 335; cruise to the Spanish Maine, 336; fate of, 339.

LEE, HENRY, protégé of Washington, 216; at Mount Vernon, 217; delivers Washington’s official funeral oration, 217.

LEIF, discovery of Vinland, 8.

LEXINGTON, BATTLE OF, Paul Revere warns the town, 81; news of, arouses Putnam, 146; arouses Marshall, 433.

LIBERATORS, _see_ BOLIVAR; CUBA; MIRANDA; O’HIGGINS; SAN MARTIN.

LIBERTY, William Penn’s ideas on, 35, 36; liberty of conscience, 32, 35, 125, 209, 350. _See also_ INDEPENDENCE, GROWTH OF IDEA.

LIBERTY BELL, announces signing of Declaration of Independence, 309.

LIBERTY POLE, in New York, 104.

LIBERTY TREE, in Boston, 104.

LIGHT HORSE HARRY, soubriquet of Henry Lee, 216.

LIMA, Colonial power of, 244, 257; siege and fall of, 257; celebrates its first Independence Day, 265.

LIMON BAY, discovered by Columbus, 25.

LINCOLN, ABRAHAM, some important dates in his life, 174; poem to, by Bryant, 174; boyhood, 175, 176; at New Orleans, 177; his honesty, 177; story of the little birds, 178; rescues a pig, 179; opens the kittens’ eyes, 180; his kindness to children, 181; influence of the Bible on Lincoln, 177, 183; thanks Coloured Delegation for gift of Bible, 184; Order against Sunday-work in the Army and Navy, 185; Gettysburg Address, 186; tribute to Washington, 190; God’s judgment on slavery, 310.

LINCOLN, NANCY HANKS, makes a home in the wilderness, 175; teaches her children, 176; reads them the Bible, 176; her influence on Lincoln, 177.

LION OF THE APURE, soubriquet of General Paez, 382.

LITTLE FRIEND IN FRONT STREET, soubriquet of Haym Salomon, 228.

LLANEROS, Venezuelan cowboys or plainsmen, 382.

MACEO, GENERAL, Cuban Patriot, 60.

MADISON, JAMES, consulted by Washington, 158; tribute to Haym Salomon, 228; in the Virginia Convention, 446.

MAELDUNE, legend of, 5.

MAGNA CARTA, a foundation of English Liberty, 97, 98, 442.

MAINE, aids blockaded Boston, 79.

MAINE, BATTLESHIP, destruction of, 62.

MAIPU, victory of, 253.

MAIZE (INDIAN CORN), discovery of, 12.

MARBLEHEAD, aids blockaded Boston, 79.

MARCO POLO, _see_ POLO, MARCO.

MARGARITA, ISLAND OF, discovered by Columbus, 18.

MARSHALL, JOHN, some important dates in his life, 426; boyhood, 427; brought up an American, 425, 431; lieutenant in the War for Independence, 433, 434, 437; at Valley Forge, 435; nicknamed Silver Heels, 436; saddlebags story, 439; cherry story, 440; public career, 441; appointed Chief Justice, 444; expounder of the Constitution, 444, 445; his tribute to his mother, 438; to his father, 439; reverence for him in Virginia, 446; expresses himself on solidarity of the Union, 425; on the integrity of the Judiciary, 446; his religious faith, 438, 448; tributes to him, 426, 447.

MARTIN, GEORGE, alias of Francisco de Miranda, 89, 336.

MARYLAND, aids blockaded Boston, 79.

MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY, settled by Puritans, 350; sends delegates to First Continental Congress, 81. _See also_ ADAMS; BOSTON; WILLIAMS.

MASSASOIT, KING, helps Pilgrims find lost boy, 133; aids Roger Williams, 352.

MAYFLOWER, SHIP, leaves England, 128; anchors in Cape Cod Bay, 129; anchors in Plymouth Harbour, 131.

MAYFLOWER COMPACT, signed, 127.

MCKEAN, THOMAS, delegate to First Continental Congress, 80.

MCKINLEY, WILLIAM, on the Cuban situation, 61; reluctant to go to war, 62; forced into war by destruction of the _Maine_, 62.

MEDORA, Roosevelt at, 48.

MENDOZA, at the foot of the Andes, 244; patriotism of citizens, 246, 250, 251; honour San Martin, 247; called “the Nest of the Argentine Eagle,” 247.

MEXICO, War of Liberation, 405; Independence recognized by the United States, 267.

MIRANDA, FRANCISCO DE, some important dates in his life, 326; boyhood, 331; propaganda for South American Independence, 332; fights for the United States, 332; fights for French Freedom, 333; founds secret society, 334, 376, 396; in New York, 89, 334, 335; cruises in the _Leander_, 335; vain attempt to free South America, 339, 341; returns to Venezuela, 342, 376; signs Venezuelan Declaration of Independence, 342; made Commander-in-Chief of Venezuelan forces, 342; betrayed to Monteverde, 345; captivity and death, 346; tribute to him, by the Venezuelan Government, 325; tribute by William Spence Robertson, 326.

MISIONES, San Martin born in, 237.

MISSOURI COMPROMISE, Jefferson’s opinion on, 312.

MONMOUTH, BATTLE OF, Moll Pitcher, 218; Steuben’s tactics win, 223; Washington at, 223.

MONROE, JAMES, recognizes Independence of Spanish America, 267; promulgates the Monroe Doctrine, 270.

MONROE DOCTRINE, announced, 270; welcomed by Chile, 403.

MONTEVERDE, GENERAL, his campaign in Venezuela, 343, 344, 377; imprisons Miranda, 345; gives passport to Bolivar, 345.

MONTICELLO, the country estate of Jefferson, 304.

MONTREAL, aids blockaded Boston, 80.

MORAVIAN NUNS, nurse Lafayette, 417; present banner to Pulaski, 418, 424.

MORRIS, ROBERT, Financier of the War for Independence, 159; recommends Hamilton for Secretary of Treasury, 160; procures money through Haym Salomon, 228.

MOUNT VERNON, children of, 197, 198, 201; stables and horses of, 201, 204; guests at, 205, 216, 322.

MUIR, JOHN, with Roosevelt in the Yosemite, 55.

MYSTERY SHIP, _see_ LEANDER, THE.

NAPOLEON, effect of his wars on South America, 112, 239, 268, 341.

NAPOLEON OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN REVOLUTION, soubriquet of Simon Bolivar, 392.

NASHVILLE, Jackson emigrates to, 287, 289.

NELSON, Washington’s famous charger, 201, 204.

NEST OF THE ARGENTINE EAGLE, soubriquet of the city of Mendoza, 247.

NEVIS, ISLAND OF, birthplace of Hamilton, 155.

NEW ENGLAND ARMY, besieges Boston, 82; adopted by Congress, 83, 84.

NEW GRANADA, liberated by Bolivar, 388; absorbed into Great Colombia, 388; modern Republic of Colombia, 390.

NEW HAMPSHIRE, aids blockaded Boston, 79.

NEW JERSEY, refuge of persecuted Friends, 35; aids blockaded Boston, 79.

NEW ORLEANS, Lincoln attends slave-market at, 177; story of the cotton-bales, 299; its citizens nurse wounded enemies, 301; Jackson’s tribute to his mother, 286.

NEW YORK, aids blockaded Boston, 79; Hamilton in, 156; Washington in, 230; Miranda in, 89, 334, 335; Haym Salomon in, 229; Paez in, 382; Lafayette in, 422; opposition to ratification in, 159. _See also_ STEUBEN.

NORTH CAROLINA, aids blockaded Boston, 79.

O’HIGGINS, AMBROSE, boyhood, 395; made Spanish Viceroy of Lima, 396.

O’HIGGINS, BERNARDO, some important dates in his life, 394; boyhood, 396; joins the Patriots, 397; heroic action at Rancagua, 398; escapes to Argentina, 400; crosses the Andes with San Martin, 251, 253; is made Supreme Dictator of Chile, 255, 400; equips navy to liberate Peru, 255; his work of civic reconstruction, 401; exiled from Chile, 402; welcomed by Peru, 402; recalled to Chile, 403; dies in Peru, 403; National Hero of Chile, 404.

OLD HICKORY, soubriquet of Andrew Jackson, 297.

OLD PUT, soubriquet of Israel Putnam, 142.

ONAS, soubriquet of William Penn, 37, 41.

ORINOCO RIVER, description of, 378, 384.

OYSTER BAY, home-town of Roosevelt, 50, 53.

PAEZ, GENERAL, his strength and courage, 382; seizes gunboats on the Apure, 383; revolts against Bolivar, 389; President of Venezuela, 390; in exile, 382.

PAMPAS, Argentine prairie or plain, 240, 241.

PANAMA, discovered by Columbus, 25.

PARAGUAY, Tyrant-liberator of, 405.

PARIS OF AMERICA, soubriquet of Buenos Aires, 241.

PAUL, JOHN, _see_ JONES, JOHN PAUL.

PEACE, _see_ ARBITRATION AND PEACE.

PEARL ISLANDS, discovered by Columbus, 21, 26.

PEARL OF THE ANTILLES, soubriquet of Cuba, 60.

PEARLS, found by Columbus, 17, 19, 21, 26.

PEDRO I, EMPEROR OF BRAZIL, declares Independence of Brazil, 113; abdicates, 113.

PEDRO II, EMPEROR OF BRAZIL, some important dates in his life, 110; boy-emperor, 113, 115; patriot, 116; opposes slavery, 117; abdicates, 119; poem to him by Whittier, 110. _See also_ BRAZIL.

PENDLETON, EDMUND, attends First Continental Congress, 80; at Mount Vernon, 322.

PENN, WILLIAM, some important dates in his life, 30; vision in boyhood, 31; becomes a Friend, 32; story of sword, 32; persecution of, 33; his principles of Peace, 30, 33; in America, 36; friendly and just treatment of Indians, 38, 41; Indians’ sorrow at his death, 42.

PENNSYLVANIA, how named, 35; charter granted William Penn, 35. _See also_ PHILADELPHIA.

PENSACOLA, Miranda helps to attack, 332.

PEREZ, FRIAR JUAN, aids Columbus, 12.