CHAPTER XII.--MANURE.

How shade complicates the economical and effective manuring of coffee.

Bulk manures as a rule should not be applied to land directly under shade trees, but to more open spaces.

Less manure should be applied to coffee directly under shade trees.

Manure should be varied on different aspects. The quantity that should be annually supplied.

Bones may be seldom used if lime is regularly applied.

A considerable amount of manure required even though the loss from crops is small.

A test of land being sufficiently supplied with manure. The quantity of manure probably required.

The quantity of manure that should be put down at a time.

Danger from over-manuring, especially in ease of light soils.

Ridges should be more heavily manured than hollows. The time of year when manures should be applied.

Advantages of manuring at the end of the monsoon.

Bearing that the time of applying manures has on leaf disease. Mr. Marshall Ward's remarks as to this.

The various methods of applying manures.

In the case of steep land the manure should be buried in trenches. Farmyard manure. Its great value for coffee.

Substitutes for farmyard manure.

Value of forest land top soil as a manure, and as a substitute for farmyard manure.

The comparative cost of farmyard manure and top soil. Remarkable result from an application of pink-coloured soil.

If top soil costs the same as farmyard manure the former is better. Reasons for this being so. A compost of pink soil and manures may be made, which will equal good farmyard manure, and cost but little more.

The manurial value of pulp, and of dry fallen leaves.

Manurial value of green twigs of trees, ferns and wood ashes.

Night soil. Lime.

Bonedust. Fish manure.

Oil-cakes. Proportion of phosphate of lime in castor cake.

Nitrates of potash and soda.

Potash. A manure of doubtful value in the case of Mysore soils.

Attempt to ascertain value of potash as a manure for coffee.

How to grow young plants in old soils. Coprolites, discovery of, in Mysore.

An agricultural chemist wanted for the province. A careful record should be kept of manure applied.

Bringing round a neglected plantation. Steps that should be taken.

Manurial experiments.

Native manurial practises should be studied. Application of various soils as top dressing by native cultivators. The best and most economical way of manuring coffee has yet to be discovered.

Manurial experiments need not be costly.