Chapter 15

discussion as to his value as an authority, 32, note; goes to England on unofficial mission, 137; balked by English insolence, 137; comprehends French Revolution, 139; letters of Washington to, on the Revolution, 140,142,145; recall demanded by France, 211; letter of Washington to, 217,240, 254; Washington's friendship for, 363.

Morris, Robert, letter of Washington to, i. 187; helps Washington to pay troops, 259; efforts towards financial reform, 264; difficulty in helping Washington in 1781, 309, 312; considered for secretary of treasury, ii. 66; his bank policy approved by Washington, 110; Washington's friendship for, 363.

Moustier, demands private access to Washington, ii. 59; refused, 59, 60.

Murray, Vans, minister in Holland, interview with Dr. Logan, ii. 264; nominated for French mission by Adams, 292; written to by Washington, 292.

Muse, Adjutant, trains Washington in tactics and art of war, i. 65.

NAPOLEON, orders public mourning for Washington's death, i. 1.

Nelson, General, letter of Washington to, i. 257.

Newburgh, addresses, ii. 335.

New England, character of people, i. 138; attitude toward Washington, 138, 139; troops disliked by Washington, 152; later praised by him, 152, 317, 344; threatened by Burgoyne's invasion, 204; its delegates in Congress demand appointment of Gates, 208; and oppose Washington, 214; welcomes Washington on tour as President, ii. 74; more democratic than other colonies before Revolution, 315; disliked by Washington for this reason, 316.

Newenham, Sir Edward, letter of Washington to on American foreign policy, ii. 133.

New York, Washington's first visit to, i. 99, 100; defense of, in Revolution, 159-169; abandoned by Washington, 169; Howe establishes himself in, 177; reoccupied by Clinton, 264; Washington's journey to, ii. 44; inauguration in, 46; rioting in, against Jay treaty, 187.

Nicholas, John, letter of Washington to, ii. 259.

Nicola, Col., urges Washington to establish a despotism, i. 337.

Noailles, Vicomte de, French émigré, referred to State Department, ii. 151, 253.

O'FLINN, CAPTAIN, Washington's friendship with, ii. 318.

Organization of the national government, absence of materials to work with, ii. 51; debate over title of President, 52; over his communications with Senate, 53; over presidential etiquette, 53-56; appointment of officials to cabinet offices established by Congress, 64-71; appointment of supreme court judges, 72.

Orme,----, letter of Washington to, i. 84.

PAINE, THOMAS, his "Rights of Man" reprinted by Jefferson, ii. 226.

Parkinson, Richard, says Washington was harsh to slaves, i. 105; contradicts statement elsewhere, 106; tells stories of Washington's pecuniary exactness, ii. 353, 354, 382; his character, 355; his high opinion of Washington, 356.

Parton, James, considers Washington as good but commonplace, ii. 330, 374.

Peachey, Captain, letter of Washington to, i. 92.

Pendleton, Edmund, Virginia delegate to Continental Congress, i. 128.

Pennsylvania, refuses to fight the French, i. 72,83; fails to help Washington, 225; remonstrates against his going into winter quarters, 229; condemned by Washington, 229; compromises with mutineers, 292.

Philipse, Mary, brief love-affair of Washington with, i. 99, 100.

Phillips, General, commands British troops in Virginia, i. 303; death of, 303.

Pickering, Colonel, quiets Six Nations, ii. 94.

Pickering, Timothy, letter of Washington to, on French Revolution, ii. 140; on failure of Spanish negotiations, 166; recalls Washington to Philadelphia to receive Fauchet letter, 195; succeeds Randolph, 246; letters of Washington to, on party government, 247; appeals to Washington against Adams's reversal of Hamilton's rank, 286; letters of Washington to, 292, 324; criticises Washington as a commonplace person, 307.

Pinckney, Charles C., letter of Washington to, ii. 90; appointed to succeed Monroe as minister to France, 214; refused reception, 284; sent on special commission, 284; named by Washington as general, 286; accepts without complaint of Hamilton's higher rank, 290; Washington's friendship with, 363.

Pinckney, Thomas, sent on special mission to Spain, ii. 166; unsuccessful at first, 166; succeeds in making a good treaty, 167; credit of his exploit, 168; letter of Washington to, 325.

Pitt, William, his conduct of French war, i. 93, 94.

Princeton, battle of, i. 181-3.

Privateers, sent out by Washington, i. 150.

"Protection" favored in the first Congress, ii. 113-115; arguments of Hamilton for, 114, 115; of Washington, 116-122.

Provincialism, of Americans, i. 193; with regard to foreign officers, 193, 234, 250-252; with regard to foreign politics, ii. 131, 132, 163, 237, 255.

Putnam, Israel, escapes with difficulty from New York, i. 169; fails to help Washington at Trenton, 180; warned to defend the Hudson, 195; tells Washington of Burgoyne's surrender, 211; rebuked by Washington, 217; amuses Washington, ii. 374.

RAHL, COLONEL, defeated and killed at Trenton, i. 181.

Randolph, Edmund, letter of Washington to, ii. 30, 39; relations with Washington, 64; appointed attorney-general, 64; his character, 64, 65; a friend of the Constitution, 71; opposes a bank, 110; letter of Washington to, on protective bounties, 118; drafts neutrality proclamation, 147; vacillates with regard to Genet, 154; argues that United States is bound by French alliance, 170; succeeds Jefferson as secretary of state, 184; directed to prepare a remonstrance against English "provision order," 185; opposed to Jay treaty, 188; letter of Washington to, on conditional ratification, 189, 191, 192, 194; guilty, apparently, from Fauchet letter, of corrupt practices, 196; his position not a cause for Washington's signing treaty, 196-200; receives Fauchet letter, resigns, 201; his personal honesty, 201; his discreditable carelessness, 202; fairly treated by Washington, 203, 204; his complaints against Washington, 203; letter of Washington to, concerning Monroe, 213; at first a Federalist, 246.

Randolph, John, on early disappearance of Virginia colonial society, i. 15.

Rawdon, Lord, commands British forces in South, too distant to help Cornwallis, i. 304.

Reed, Joseph, letters of Washington to, i. 151, 260.

Revolution, War of, foreseen by Washington, i. 120, 122; Lexington and Concord, 133; Bunker Hill, 136; siege of Boston, 137-154; organization of army, 139-142; operations in New York, 143; invasion of Canada, 143, 144; question as to treatment of prisoners, 145-148; causes of British defeat, 154, 155; campaign near New York, 161-177; causes for attempted defense of Brooklyn, 163, 164; battle of Long Island, 164-165; escape of Americans, 166; affair at Kip's Bay, 168; at King's Bridge, 170; at Frog's Point, 173; battle of White Plains, 173; at Chatterton Hill, 174; capture of Forts Washington and Lee, 174, 175; pursuit of Washington into New Jersey, 175-177; retirement of Howe to New York, 177; battle of Trenton, 180, 181; campaign of Princeton, 181-183; its brilliancy, 183; Philadelphia campaign, 194-202; British march across New Jersey prevented by Washington, 194; sea voyage to Delaware, 195; battle of the Brandywine, 196-198; causes for defeat, 198; defeat of Wayne, 198; Philadelphia taken by Howe, 199; battle of Germantown, 199; its significance, 200, 201; Burgoyne's invasion, 203-211; Washington's preparations for, 204-206; Howe's error in neglecting to cooperate, 205; capture of Ticonderoga, 207; battles of Bennington, Oriskany, Fort Schuyler, 210; battle of Saratoga, 211; British repulse at Fort Mercer, 217; destruction of the forts, 217; fruitless skirmishing before Philadelphia, 218; Valley Forge, 228-232; evacuation of Philadelphia, 234; battle of Monmouth, 235-239; its effect, 239; cruise and failure of D'Estaing at Newport, 243, 244; failure of D'Estaing at Savannah, 247, 248; storming of Stony Point, 268, 269; Tory raids near New York, 269; standstill in 1780, 272; siege and capture of Charleston, 273, 274, 276; operations of French and Americans near Newport, 277, 278; battle of Camden, 281; treason of Arnold, 281-289; battle of Cowpens, 301; retreat of Greene before Cornwallis, 302; battle of Guilford Court House, 302; successful operations of Greene, 302, 303; Southern campaign planned by Washington, 304-311; feints against Clinton, 306; operations of Cornwallis and Lafayette in Virginia, 307; naval supremacy secured by Washington, 310, 311; battle of De Grasse and Graves off Chesapeake, 312; transport of American army to Virginia, 311-313; siege and capture of Yorktown, 315-318; masterly character of campaign, 318-320; petty operations before New York, 326; treaty of peace, 342.

Rives, on Washington's doubts of constitutionality of Bank, ii. 110.

Robinson, Beverly, speaker of Virginia House of Burgesses, his compliment to Washington, i. 102.

Robinson, Colonel, loyalist, i. 282.

Rumsey, James, the inventor, asks Washington's consideration of his steamboat, ii. 4.

Rush, Benjamin, describes Washington's impressiveness, ii. 389.

Rutledge, John, letter of Washington to, i. 281; nomination rejected by Senate, ii. 63; nominated to Supreme Court, 73.

ST. CLAIR, Arthur, removed after loss of Ticonderoga, i. 208; appointed to command against Indians, ii. 94; receives instructions and begins expedition, 95; defeated, 96; his character, 99; fair treatment by Washington, 99; popular execration of, 105.

St. Pierre, M. de, French governor in Ohio, i. 67.

St. Simon, Count, reinforces Lafayette, i. 312.

Sandwich, Lord, calls all Yankees cowards, i. 155.

Saratoga, anecdote concerning, i. 202.

Savage, Edward, characteristics of his portrait of Washington, i. 13.

Savannah, siege of, i. 247.

Scammel, Colonel, amuses Washington, ii. 374.

Schuyler, Philip, accompanies Washington to Boston, i. 136; appointed military head in New York, 136; directed by Washington how to meet Burgoyne, 204; fails to carry out directions, 207; removed, 208; value of his preparations, 209.

Scott, Charles, commands expedition against Indians, ii. 95.

Sea-power, its necessity seen by Washington, i. 283, 303, 304, 306, 310, 318, 319.

Sectional feeling, deplored by Washington, ii. 222.

Sharpe, Governor, offers Washington a company, i. 80; Washington's reply to, 81.

Shays's Rebellion, comments of Washington and Jefferson upon, ii. 26, 27.

Sherman, Roger, makes sarcastic remark about Wilkinson, i. 220.

Shirley, Governor William, adjusts matter of Washington's rank, i. 91, 97.

Short, William, minister to Holland, on commission regarding opening of Mississippi, ii. 166.

Six Nations, make satisfactory treaties, ii. 88; stirred up by English, 94; but pacified, 94, 101.

Slavery, in Virginia, i. 20; its evil effects, 104; Washington's attitude toward slaves, 105; his condemnation of the system, 106, 107; gradual emancipation favored, 107, 108.

Smith, Colonel, letter of Washington to, ii. 340.

Spain, instigates Indians to hostilities, ii. 89, 94, 101; blocks Mississippi, 135; makes treaty with Pinckney opening Mississippi, 167, 168; angered at Jay treaty, 210.

Sparks, Jared, his alterations of Washington's letters, ii. 337, 338.

Spotswood, Alexander, asks Washington's opinion of Alien and Sedition Acts, ii. 297.

Stamp Act, Washington's opinion of, i. 119, 120.

Stark, General, leads attack at Trenton, i. 181.

States, in the Revolutionary war, appeals of Washington to, i. 142, 186, 204, 259, 277, 295, 306, 323, 324, 326, 344; issue paper money, 258; grow tired of the war, 290; alarmed by mutinies, 294; try to appease soldiers, 295, 296; their selfishness condemned by Washington, 333; ii. 21, 23; thwart Indian policy of Congress, 88.

Stephen, Adam, late in attacking at Germantown, i. 199.

Steuben, Baron, Washington's appreciation of, i. 192, 249; drills the army at Valley Forge, 232; annoys Washington by wishing higher command, 249; sent on mission to demand surrender of Western posts, 343; his worth recognized by Washington, ii. 334.

Stirling, Lord, defeated and captured at Long Island, i. 165.

Stockton, Mrs., letter of Washington to, ii. 349.

Stone, General, tells stories of Washington's closeness, ii. 353, 354.

Stuart, David, letters of Washington to, ii. 107, 221, 222, 258.

Stuart, Gilbert, his portrait of Washington contrasted with Savage's, i. 13.

Sullivan, John, General, surprised at Long Island, i. 165; attacks at Trenton, 180; surprised and crushed at Brandywine, 197, 198; unites with D'Estaing to attack Newport, 243; angry at D'Estaing's desertion, 244; soothed by Washington, 244; sent against Indians, 266, 269.

Supreme Court, appointed by Washington, ii. 72.

TAFT,----, kindness of Washington toward, ii. 367.

Talleyrand, eulogistic report to Napoleon on death of Washington, i. 1, note; remark on Hamilton, ii. 139; refused reception by Washington, 253.

Tarleton, Sir Banastre, tries to escape at Yorktown, i. 317.

Thatcher, Dr., on Washington's appearance when taking command of army, i. 137.

Thomson, Charles, complimented by Washington on retiring from secretary-ship of Continental Congress, ii. 350.

Tories, hated by Washington, i. 156; his reasons, 157; active in New York, 158; suppressed by Washington, 159; in Philadelphia, impressed by Continental army, 196; make raids on frontier, 266; strong in Southern States, 267; raids under Tryon, 269.

Trent, Captain, his incompetence in dealing with Indians and French, i. 72.

Trenton, campaign of, i. 180-183.

Trumbull, Governor, letter of Washington to, refusing to stand for a third term,