Chapter i., Part I.
[Footnote 68: Page, Advanced Text-Book of Geology, n. 7, pp. 20, 21.]
[Footnote 69: From the Latin _Fossilis_, _dug up_.]
[Footnote 70: Elements of Geology, p. 38.]
[Footnote 71: Elements of Geology, p. 40.]
[Footnote 72: Manual of Geology, p. 375.]
[Footnote 73: Lyell, Elements of Geology, pp. 40-41. The reader will find a singularly clear and simple exposition of this subject in Doctor Haughton’s Manual of Geology, Lecture III.; an exposition which it was not our good fortune to have read until our own brief summary was already in type.]
[Footnote 74: Buckland, Bridgewater Treatise, vol. i., p. 123; Mantell, Wonders of Geology, p. 269; Lyell, Elements of Geology, p. 687.]
[Footnote 75: Mantell, Wonders of Geology, Lecture IV., Fossils of the British Museum, chapter V.; see, also, Medals of Creation, and Fossils of the South Downs, by the same Author.]
[Footnote 76: Owen’s Palæontology, pp. 200-9; Buckland, Bridgewater Treatise, vol. i., pp. 168-186; Mantell, Wonders of Geology, pp. 576-581; Lyell, Elements of Geology, pp. 420-425; Jukes, Manual of Geology, pp. 598-599.]
[Footnote 77: Buckland’s Bridgewater Treatise, vol. i., pp. 202-14; Owen’s Palæontology, 223-232.]
[Footnote 78: Buckland, Bridgewater Treatise, vol. i., pp. 139-164; Owen’s Palæontology, pp. 390-2; Mantell, Wonders of Geology, pp. 166-9; Fossils of the British Museum, pp. 465-480; The English Cyclopædia, Natural History Division, Article, Megatheridæ.]
[Footnote 79: Lyell, Elements of Geology, p. 4.]
[Footnote 80: Wonders of Geology, p. 400.]
[Footnote 81: See Lyell, Principles of Geology, vol. i., p. 31, who refers to Da Vinci’s MSS. now in the Library of the Institute of France.]
[Footnote 82: See Lyell, Elements of Geology, pp. 94-96; Principles of Geology, p. 116; Jukes, Manual of Geology, pp. 410, 411.]
[Footnote 83: Elements of Geology, p. 95.]
[Footnote 84: Lyell, Principles of Geology, vol. i., p. 115.]
[Footnote 85: Lyell, Elements of Geology, p. 100.]
[Footnote 86: Principles of Geology, vol. i., p. 312.]
[Footnote 87: Ib. 313.]
[Footnote 88: Principles of Geology, vol. i., pp. 321, 322.]
[Footnote 89: Familiar Lectures on Scientific Subjects: London, 1867; pp. 9, 10.]
[Footnote 90: It would be more strictly correct to say that the rate of increase varies considerably in different places, though the main fact is everywhere palpably apparent that the deeper we descend into the Earth the higher the temperature becomes. Sir Charles Lyell records a number of careful experiments made in England, France, Germany, and Italy, which seem to show that an increase of one degree Fahrenheit for every sixty-five feet of descent would represent pretty correctly the general average. See his Principles of Geology, vol. ii., pp. 205, 206.]
[Footnote 91: See Sir John Herschel, Familiar Lectures on Scientific Subjects, pp. 26, 27.]
[Footnote 92: See the elaborate work of Sir William Hamilton, entitled Campi Phlegraei, in which he gives a full account of the formation of Monte Nuovo, accompanied with colored plates. He has preserved two interesting narratives of the eruption written at the time by eye-witnesses. See also Lyell, Principles of Geology, vol. i., pp. 606-616.]
[Footnote 93: Sir John Herschel, Familiar Lectures on Scientific Subjects, p. 34; see also Lyell, Principles of Geology, chap. xxvii.; Mantell, Wonders of Geology, pp. 872-4.]
[Footnote 94: See Herschel, Familiar Lectures on Scientific Subjects, pp. 34-6. Lyell, Principles of Geology, vol. ii., pp. 104-6.]
[Footnote 95: Familiar Lectures on Scientific Subjects, pp. 31, 32.]
[Footnote 96: Principles of Geology, vol. ii., pp. 59, 60.]
[Footnote 97: Principles of Geology, vol. ii. pp. 69, 70.]
[Footnote 98: For the account of these various Earthquakes we are mainly indebted to the indefatigable industry of Sir Charles Lyell, who has collected the facts with great care partly from the descriptions of eye-witnesses, and partly from authentic documents written upon the spot. See his Principles of Geology, vol. ii., chap, xxviii., xxix., xxx. See also Mr. Mallet’s Earthquake Catalogue; and the first of Sir John Herschel’s Lectures on Familiar Subjects.]
[Footnote 99: The following are the sources from which we have chiefly derived our information regarding the Peruvian Earthquake of 1868: (1) a series of letters written upon the scene of the catastrophe, and published in _The Times_ of September 26, 1868; amongst them is one from the British Vice-consul, and one from the agent of the Pacific Steam Navigation Company, who were both at the time residents of Arica: (2) a letter of Mr. Clements Markham in _The Times_ of September 15, 1868: (3) Captain Powell’s Report to the Admiralty, dated September 14, 1868.]
[Footnote 100: Lyell, Principles of Geology, vol. ii., p. 176.]
[Footnote 101: Id. ib.]
[Footnote 102: Letter from C. Hullmandel, Esq.; see Mantell, Wonders of Geology, Appendix G., p. 470. For a full and elaborate disquisition on the Temple of Jupiter Serapis, see also Lyell, Principles of Geology, vol. ii., chap. xxv.]
[Footnote 103: Lyell, Principles of Geology, vol. ii., chap. xxxi.]
[Footnote 104: Ibid.]
[Footnote 105: On a Piece of Chalk: A Lecture to Working Men.]
[Footnote 106: Genesis, v. 3-32.]
[Footnote 107: Ib., xi. 10-26.]
[Footnote 108: Ib., v. 3-9.]
[Footnote 109: Genesis, xii. 4.]
[Footnote 110: The Genesis of the Earth and Man, Edited by Reginald Stuart Poole: London; Williams and Norgate; 1860.]
[Footnote 111: “Sem was a hundred years old when he begot Arphaxad, two years after the flood.”--Genesis, xi. 10.]
[Footnote 112: This second Cainan does not appear in the Hebrew or the Samaritan version.]
[Footnote 113: Appendix (1).]
[Footnote 114: Appendix (2).]
[Footnote 115: Appendix (3).]
[Footnote 116: Exodus, xx. 9-11.]
[Footnote 117: Appendix (4), (5), (6).]
[Footnote 118: See Gesenius, sub vocibus.]
[Footnote 119: Appendix (7).]
[Footnote 120: Appendix (8).]
[Footnote 121: Appendix (9).]
[Footnote 122: Appendix (10).]
[Footnote 123: Appendix (11) (12).]
[Footnote 124: Appendix (13) (14) (15).]
[Footnote 125: Appendix (16).]
[Footnote 126: In Genes. cap. i. Quæst. xiv.]
[Footnote 127: Appendix (17).]
[Footnote 128: See his various works upon Genesis, passim; in particular de Genesi ad Literam, Lib. i. cap. xv., Lib. iv. cap. xxxiii.; De Genesi Liber Imperfectus, cap. vii. and cap. ix.]
[Footnote 129: This latter view might be fairly maintained in conformity with the principles which Saint Augustine professes to follow in the interpretation of Genesis. See De Genesi ad Literam, Lib. i. cap. xxi. and cap. xxii.]
[Footnote 130: See De Genesi ad Literam, Lib. i. cap. xv.; De Genesi Liber Imperfectus, cap. vii.; Confess., Lib. xii. cap. xxix.]
[Footnote 131: 2 Peter, iii. 8.]
[Footnote 132: Appendix (18) (19) (20).]
[Footnote 133: Wisdom, ix. 13-16.]
[Footnote 134: See Pianciani, Cosmogonia, pp. 384-90.]
[Footnote 135: See Gesenius, Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures; in voce. He thus explains the first meaning of this word: “_copulative_, and serves to connect both words and sentences, especially in _continuing a discourse_.”]
[Footnote 136: Appendix (21).]
[Footnote 137: See De Genesi ad Literam, Lib. iv. capp. xxvi.-xxxv., Lib. v. cap. i. n. 3, and cap. iii. n. 6.]
[Footnote 138: Ecclesiasticus, xviii. 1.]
[Footnote 139: Appendix (22).]
[Footnote 140: Appendix (23) (24) (25) (26) (27) (28) (29) (30) (31).]
[Footnote 141: See De Genesi ad Literam, Lib. iv. capp. xxvi., xxvii.; also Lib. i. capp. x., xi., xii.]
[Footnote 142: Appendix (32) (33) (34) (35) (36) (37).]
[Footnote 143: Amos, viii. 11, 12.]
[Footnote 144: Psalm ii. 7.]
[Footnote 145: Heb. i. 5.]
[Footnote 146: Jeremias, cap. l. vv. 24-32.]
[Footnote 147: Jeremias, li. 1, 2.]
[Footnote 148: Jeremias, xlvi. 3-10, 19-21.]
[Footnote 149: Ezechiel, xxix. 19-21.]
[Footnote 150: Ezechiel, xxx. 3-9.]
[Footnote 151: Sophonias, v. 8-11, 14-17.]
[Footnote 152: Isaias, xxix. 17-19.]
[Footnote 153: Matth. xi. 4, 5.]
[Footnote 154: John, viii. 56.]
[Footnote 155: 2 Cor. vii. 1, 2.]
[Footnote 156: Luke, xix. 41-43.]
[Footnote 157: Dan. viii. 14.]
[Footnote 158: Appendix (38) (39) (40) (41).]
[Footnote 159: Exodus, xx. 9-11.]
[Footnote 160: Exodus, xxiii. 10-12.]
[Footnote 161: Leviticus, xxv. 2-7.]
[Footnote 162: 2 Cor. v. 14, 15.]
[Footnote 163: Matt. viii. 22; Luke, ix. 60.]
[Footnote 164: John, xx. 17.]
[Footnote 165: Rom. xiii. 12, 13.]
[Footnote 166: I. Thessal. v. 4, 5.]
[Footnote 167: Amos, viii. 9.]
[Footnote 168: Appendix (42) (43).]
[Footnote 169: Gen. i. 11, 12.]
[Footnote 170: The Testimony of the Rocks, p. 125.]
[Footnote 171: Genesis, i. 20, 21.]
[Footnote 172: Testimony of the Rocks, p. 126.]
[Footnote 173: Genesis, i. 24, 25.]
[Footnote 174: Testimony of the Rocks, pp. 127, 128.]
[Footnote 175: Elements of Geology, p. 100.]
[Footnote 176: “Aliquid esse a Deo conditum, de quo sileat liber Genesis, nihil repugnat.” Saint Augustine, Confess. Lib. xii., cap. xxii.]
[Footnote 177: Appendix (44).]
[Footnote 178: Ecclesiastes, iii. 2.]
[Transcriber's Note:
Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation are as in the original.]