Chapter 28
Edible fungi in America, 88. Ergotized grass, 217. _Erysiphe_, conjugation, 176. _Erysiphei_, polymorphism, 191. Esculent fungi, 82. European floras, 279. Examination of fungi, 289. Exotic floras, 280-5.
False truffles, 98. Fairy-ring champignon, 94. Families and orders, table of, 80. Fenestrate sporidia, 135. Fetid fungi, 116. _Fistulina hepatica_, 96. Floras of Europe, &c., 279. Fly Agaric, 210. Food, fungi as, 81. Forestry and its foes, 229. Fungi collecting abroad, 292. in disease, 215. mines, 111. of America, 281. Asia, 284. parasitic on animals, 246. each other, 244. true plants, 5.
Garden pests, 230. _Gasteromycetes_, classification of, 66. Geographical distribution, 266. Germinating pseudospores, 144. Germination of fungi, 137. _Mucor_, 157, 164. _Podisoma_, 147. Gonosphere, in _Peronospora_, 171. Growth of Agarics, 138.
Habitats of fungi, 233. Helicoid spores, 129. Herbarium for fungi, 291. Hints for travellers, 292. Hollyhock disease, 230. House-fly fungus, 219. _Hydnum gelatinosum_, 24. Hymenium of fungi, 18. _Hymenomycetes_, classification of, 65. _Hyphomycetes_, classification of, 73. habitats of, 240. structure of, 42. _Hypogæi_, structure of, 29.
Influences of fungi, 209. Influence on lower animals, 217. man, 209. Influence on vegetation, 222. of woods, 271. Injurious moulds, 230, 240. Insect, parasites on, 7, 218. fungi, 7, 218, 246. _Isaria_ and _Torrubia_, 205.
Ketchup, or catchup, 89.
Lactescent fungi, 115. Lichen-gonidia question, 10. Lichens and fungi, 9. Little man's bread, 102. Luminous Agarics, 105. wood, 113.
Meadow mushroom, 83. Medicinal fungi, 102. _Melanconiei_, structure of, 35. Microscopical mounting, 290. Mildew in corn, 199. Milky fungi, 92. juice, 115. Morels, 99, 159. germination of, 159. Mould cultivation, 263. Moulds, and dimorphism, 187. structure of, 43. to preserve, 290. _Mucedines_, habitats of, 240. structure of, 44. _Mucor_, dualism of, 205. growth of, 157. structure of, 50. Mushroom, analysis of, 19. caves of Paris, 255. cultivation, 254. spawn, 256. the edible, 83. _Myxogastres_, habitats of, 237. structure of, 31.
Nature of fungi, 1. New forms, appearance of, 248. _Nidulariacei_, structure of, 34.
Oak truffles, 260. Odours of fungi, 116. _Oidium_ and _Erysiphe_, 191. Oocysts in _Erysiphe_, 176. Oogonia, 136, 169. of _Saprolegniæ_, 169. Orders and families, table of, 80. Oyster mushroom, 86.
Paper moulds, 248. Paraphyses and asci, 49. Parasites on plants, 238. _Perisporiacei_, structure of, 62. _Peronospora_, growth of, 152. Pests of forest trees, 229. the garden, 230. _Peziza_, conidia of, 46. _Fuckeliana_, 48. _Pezizæ_, their habitats, 242. _Phalloidei_, structure of, 28. Phenomena of fungi, 105. Phosphorescence, 105. _Physomycetes_, classification of, 74. habitats of, 241. structure of, 50. _Podaxinei_, structure of, 29. _Podisoma_, and its allies, 40, 72. and _Roestelia_, 203. germination of, 147. Poisonous fungi, 209. Polymorphism, 182. Polymorphy in _Erysiphe_, 191. Polyporei, structure of, 23. _Polyporus_, edible species, 96. Potato disease, 225. mould, germination, 155. Preservation of fungi, 288. Pseudospores, 126. _Puccinia_ and _Æcidium_, 199. _Puccinia_, germination of, 145. _Pucciniæi_, structure of, 38. Puff-balls, edible, 98. Puff-balls, structure of, 29. spores, 123. Pycnidia, 62, 180. and spermatia, 62.
_Roestelia_ and _Podisoma_, 203. Red rust and cattle food, 217. Reproduction, sexual, 163. _Rhizomorphæ_, 111. _Russula_, edible species of, 93.
St. George's mushroom, 85. _Saprolegnei_, conjugation of, 168. _Sclerotia_, 47, 261. cultivation, 261. Scolecite in _Peziza_, &c., 173. Septate stylospores, 124. Sexual reproduction, 163. Silkworm disease, 220. Skin diseases and fungi, 212. Slides for the microscope, 290. Spawn of fungi, 256. Special cultivation, 264. Species determinate, 5. Spermatia, 128, 179. of _Roestelia_, 42. in _Tremella_, 26. Spermogonia, 178. _Sphæria_, sporidia of, 133. _Sphæriacei_, structure of, 61. _Sphæriæ_, polymorphy, 192. _Sphæronemei_, structure of, 35. Spiral threads, 32. Spontaneous generation, 3. Sporangia, 51, 129. of _Mucor_, 51. Spores in chaplets, 143. of _Agaricini_, 121. _Gasteromycetes_, 122. truffles, 130. stellate and crested, 36. their dissemination, 119. Sporidia, germination of, 160. of _Ascomycetes_, 130. _Sporidiifera_, structure of, 50 _Sporifera_ and _Sporidiifera_, 64. Star-spored fungus, 125. Structure of fungi, 17. _Agaricini_, 17. books written upon, 63. of _Æcidiacei_, 41. _Ascomycetes_, 55. _Cæomacei_, 36. _Hyphomycetes_, 42. _Hypogæi_, 29. _Melanconiei_, 35. _Mucedines_, 44. _Mucor_, 50. _Myxogastres_, 31. _Nidulariacei_, 34. _Perisporiacei_, 62. _Phalloidei_, 28. _Physomycetes_, 50. _Podaxinei_, 29. _Polyporei_, 23. _Pucciniæi_, 38. _Sphæriacei_, 61. _Sphæronemei_, 35. _Torulacei_, 36. _Tremellini_, 25. _Trichogastres_, 29. truffles, 55. _Ustilaginei_, 40. Study of development, 183. Stylospores, 123. Subterranean puff-balls, 29. Summer and winter spores, 37. Supposed animal nature, 2.
Table of classification, 80. Thecaspores, 13 _Torrubia_ and _Isaria_, 205. _Torulacei_, structure of, 36. Travellers, hints for, 292. _Tremella_, germination of, 139. _Tremellini_, structure of, 24. _Trichogastres_, habitats of, 237. structure of, 29. Trichospores, 128. Tropical fungi, 272. Truffle cultivation, 258. Truffles, 55, 101, 258. structure of, 55. _Tuberacei_, structure of, 55. _Tubercularia_ and _Nectria_, 194.
_Uredines_, germination of, 143. polymorphy of, 186. structure of, 37. Uses of fungi, 82. _Ustilaginei_, structure of, 40. germination of, 149.
"Vegetable wasp," 218. Vegetative and reproductive system, 7. Viennese fungi, 84. Vine and hop disease, 227.
White rust germination, 151. Winter and summer spores, 37.
Zones of distribution, 270. Zoospores of _Cystopus_, 38. white rust, 151. Zygospores of _Mucor_, 158, 164.
_International Scientific Series._
D. APPLETON & CO. have the pleasure of announcing that they have made arrangements for publishing, and have recently commenced the issue of, a SERIES OF POPULAR MONOGRAPHS, or small works, under the above title, which will embody the results of recent inquiry in the most interesting departments of advancing science.
The character and scope of this series will be best indicated by a reference to the names and subjects included in the subjoined list, from which it will be seen that the coöperation of the most distinguished professors in England, Germany, France, and the United States, has been secured, and negotiations are pending for contributions from other eminent scientific writers.
The works will be issued in New York, London, Paris, Leipsic, Milan, and St. Petersburg.
The INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC SERIES is entirely an American project, and was originated and organized by Dr. E. L. Youmans, who spent the greater part of a year in Europe, arranging with authors and publishers. The forthcoming volumes are as follows:
Prof. LOMMEL (University of Erlangen), _Optics._ (In press.)
Rev. M. J. BERKELEY, M.A., F.L.S., and M. COOKE, M.A., LL. D., _Fungi; their Nature, Influences, and Uses._ (In press.)
Prof. W. KINGDON CLIFFORD, M.A., _The First Principles of the Exact Sciences explained to the non-mathematical._
Prof. T. H. HUXLEY, LL. D., F.R.S., _Bodily Motion and Consciousness._
Dr. W. B. CARPENTER, LL. D., F.R.S., _The Physical Geography of the Sea._
Prof. WILLIAM ODLONG, F.R.S., _The Old Chemistry viewed from the New Standpoint._
W. LAUDER LINDSAY, M.D., F.R.S.E., _Mind in the Lower Animals._
Sir JOHN LUBBOCK, Bart, F.R.S., _The Antiquity of Man._
Prof. W. T. THISELTON DYER, B.A., B. Sc., _Form and Habit in Flowering Plants._
Mr. J. N. LOCKYER, F.R.S., _Spectrum Analysis._
Prof. MICHAEL FOSTER, M.D., _Protoplasm and the Cell Theory._
Prof. W. STANLEY JEVONS, _Money: and the Mechanism of Exchange._
H. CHARLTON BASTIAN, M.D., F.R.S., _The Brain as an Organ of Mind._
Prof. A. C. RAMSAY, LL. D., F.R.S., _Earth Sculpture: Hills, Valleys, Mountains, Plains, Rivers, Lakes; how they were produced, and how they have been destroyed._
Prof. RUDOLPH VIRCHOW (Berlin University), _Morbid Physiological Action._
Prof. CLAUDE BERNARD, _Physical and Metaphysical Phenomena of life._
Prof. H. SAINTE-CLAIRE DEVILLE, _An Introduction to General Chemistry._
Prof. WURTZ, _Atoms and the Atomic Theory._
Prof. DE QUATREFAGES, _The Negro Races._
Prof. LACAZE-DUTHIERS, _Zoology since Cuvier._
Prof. BERTHELOT, _Chemical Synthesis._
Prof. J. ROSENTHAL, _General Physiology of Muscles and Nerves._
Prof. JAMES D. DANA, M.A., LL. D., _On Cephalization; or, Head-Characters in the Gradation and Progress of Life._
Prof. S. W. JOHNSON, M.A., _On the Nutrition of Plants._
Prof. AUSTIN FLINT, Jr., M.D., _The Nervous System and its Relation to the Bodily Functions._
Prof. W. D. WHITNEY, _Modern Linguistic Science._
Prof. C. A. YOUNG, Ph. D. (of Dartmouth College), _The Sun._
Prof. BERNSTEIN (University of Halle), _Physiology of the Senses._
Prof. FERDINAND COHN (Breslau University), _Thallophytes (Algæe, Lichens, Fungi)._
Prof. HERMANN (University of Zurich), _Respiration._
Prof. LEUCKART (University of Leipsic), _Outlines of Animal Organization._
Prof. LIEBREICH (University of Berlin), _Outlines of Toxicology._
Prof. KUNDT (University of Strasburg), _On Sound._
Prof. REES (University of Erlangen), _On Parasitic Plants._
Prof. STEINTHAL (University of Berlin), _Outlines of the Science of Language._
E. ALGLAVE (Professor of Constitutional and Administrative Law at Douai, and of Political Economy at Lille), _The Primitive Elements of Political Constitutions._
P. LORAIN (Professor of Medicine, Paris), _Modern Epidemics._
Prof. SCHÜTZENBERGER (Director of the Chemical Laboratory at the Sorbonne), _On Fermentations._
Mons. DEBRAY, _Precious Metals._
_Opinions of the Press on the "International Scientific Series."_
I.
Tyndall's Forms of Water.
1 vol., 12mo. Cloth. Illustrated Price, $1.50.
"In the volume now published, Professor Tyndall has presented a noble illustration of the acuteness and subtlety of his intellectual powers, the scope and insight of his scientific vision, his singular command of the appropriate language of exposition, and the peculiar vivacity and grace with which he unfolds the results of intricate scientific research."--_N. Y. Tribune_.
"The 'Forms of Water,' by Professor Tyndall, is an interesting and instructive little volume, admirably printed and illustrated. Prepared expressly for this series, it is in some measure a guarantee of the excellence of the volumes that will follow, and an indication that the publishers will spare no pains to include in the series the freshest investigations of the best scientific minds."--_Boston Journal_.
"This series is admirably commenced by this little volume from the pen of Prof. Tyndall. A perfect master of his subject, he presents in a style easy and attractive his methods of investigation, and the results obtained, and gives to the reader a clear conception of all the wondrous transformations to which water is subjected."--_Churchman_.
II.
Bagehot's Physics and Politics.
1 vol., 12mo. Price, $1.50.
"If the 'International Scientific Series' proceeds as it has begun, it will more than fulfil the promise given to the reading public in its prospectus. The first volume, by Professor Tyndall, was a model of lucid and attractive scientific exposition; and now we have a second, by Mr. Walter Bagehot, which is not only very lucid and charming, but also original and suggestive in the highest degree. Nowhere since the publication of Sir Henry Maine's 'Ancient Law,' have we seen so many fruitful thoughts suggested in the course of a couple of hundred pages.... To do justice to Mr. Bagehot's fertile book, would require a long article. With the best of intentions, we are conscious of having given but a sorry account of it in these brief paragraphs. But we hope we have said enough to commend it to the attention of the thoughtful reader."--Prof. JOHN FISKE, in the _Atlantic Monthly_.
"Mr. Bagehot's style is clear and vigorous. We refrain from giving a fuller account of these suggestive essays, only because we are sure that our readers will find it worth their while to peruse the book for themselves; and we sincerely hope that the forthcoming parts of the 'International Scientific Series' will be as interesting."--_Athenæum_.
"Mr. Bagehot discusses an immense variety of topics connected with the progress of societies and nations, and the development of their distinctive peculiarities; and his book shows an abundance of ingenious and original thought."--ALFRED RUSSELL WALLACE, in _Nature_.
III.
Foods.
By Dr. EDWARD SMITH.
1 vol., 12mo. Cloth Illustrated. Price, $1.75.
In making up THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC SERIES, Dr Edward Smith was selected as the ablest man in England to treat the important subject of Foods. His services were secured for the undertaking, and the little treatise he has produced shows that the choice of a writer on this subject was most fortunate, as the book is unquestionably the clearest and best-digested compend of the Science of Foods that has appeared in our language.
"The book contains a series of diagrams, displaying the effects of sleep and meals on pulsation and respiration, and of various kinds of food on respiration, which, as the results of Dr Smith's own experiments, possess a very high value. We have not far to go in this work for occasions of favorable criticism; they occur throughout, but are perhaps most apparent in those parts of the subject with which Dr. Smith's name is especially linked."--_London Examiner._
"The union of scientific and popular treatment in the composition of this work will afford an attraction to many readers who would have been indifferent to purely theoretical details.... Still his work abounds in information, much of which is of great value, and a part of which could not easily be obtained from other sources. Its interest is decidedly enhanced for students who demand both clearness and exactness of statement, by the profusion of well executed woodcuts, diagrams, and tables, which accompany the volume.... The suggestions of the author on the use of tea and coffee, and of the various forms of alcohol, although perhaps not strictly of a novel character, are highly instructive, and form an interesting portion of the volume."--_N. Y. Tribune._
IV.
Body and Mind.
THE THEORIES OF THEIR RELATION.
By ALEXANDER BAIN, LL.D.
1 vol., 12mo. Cloth Price, $1.50.
PROFESSOR BAIN is the author of two well-known standard works upon the Science of Mind--"The Senses and the Intellect," and "The Emotions and the Will." He is one of the highest living authorities in the school which holds that there can be no sound or valid psychology unless the mind and the body are studied, as they exist, together.
"It contains a forcible statement of the connection between mind and body, studying their subtile interworkings by the light of the most recent physiological investigations. The summary in Chapter V., of the investigations of Dr. Lionel Beale of the embodiment of the intellectual functions in the cerebral system, will be found the freshest and most interesting part of his book. Prof. Bain's own theory of the connection between the mental and the bodily part in man is stated by himself to be as follows: There is 'one substance, with two sets of properties, two sides, the physical and the mental--a _double-faced unity_.' While, in the strongest manner, asserting the union of mind with brain, he yet denies 'the association of union _in place_,' but asserts the union of close succession in time,' holding that 'the same being is, by alternate fits, under extended and under unextended consciousness.'"--_Christian Register._
V.
The Study of Sociology.
By HERBERT SPENCER.
1 vol., 12mo. Cloth Price, $1.50.
"The philosopher whose distinguished name gives weight and influence to this volume, has given in its pages some of the finest specimens of reasoning in all its forms and departments. There is a fascination in his array of facts, incidents, and opinions, which draws on the reader to ascertain his conclusions. The coolness and calmness of his treatment of acknowledged difficulties and grave objections to his theories win for him a close attention and sustained effort, on the part of the reader, to comprehend, follow, grasp, and appropriate his principles. This book, independently of its bearing upon sociology, is valuable as lucidly showing what those essential characteristics are which entitle any arrangement and connection of facts and deductions to be called a _science_."--_Episcopalian._
"This work compels admiration by the evidence which it gives of immense research, study, and observation, and is, withal, written in a popular and very pleasing style. It is a fascinating work, as well as one of deep practical thought."--_Bost. Post._
"Herbert Spencer is unquestionably the foremost living thinker in the psychological and sociological fields, and this volume is an important contribution to the science of which it treats.... It will prove more popular than any of its author's other creations, for it is more plainly addressed to the people and has a more practical and less speculative cast. It will require thought, but it is well worth thinking about."--_Albany Evening Journal_.
VI.
The New Chemistry.
By JOSIAH P. COOKE, Jr.,
Erving Professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy in Harvard University.
1 vol., 12mo. Cloth Price, $2.00.
"The book of Prof. Cooke is a model of the modern popular science work. It has just the due proportion of fact, philosophy, and true romance, to make it a fascinating companion, either for the voyage or the study."--_Daily Graphic._
"This admirable monograph, by the distinguished Erving Professor of Chemistry in Harvard University, is the first American contribution to 'The International Scientific Series,' and a more attractive piece of work in the way of popular exposition upon a difficult subject has not appeared in a long time. It not only well sustains the character of the volumes with which it is associated, but its reproduction in European countries will be an honor to American science."--_New York Tribune._
"All the chemists in the country will enjoy its perusal, and many will seize upon it as a thing longed for. For, to those advanced students who have kept well abreast of the chemical tide, it offers a calm philosophy. To those others, youngest of the class, who have emerged from the schools since new methods have prevailed, it presents a generalization, drawing to its use all the data, the relations of which the newly-fledged fact-seeker may but dimly perceive without its aid.... To the old chemists, Prof. Cooke's treatise is like a message from beyond the mountain. They have heard of changes in the science; the clash of the battle of old and new theories has stirred them from afar. The tidings, too, had come that the old had given way; and little more than this they knew.... Prof. Cooke's 'New Chemistry' must do wide service in bringing to close sight the little known and the longed for.... As a philosophy it is elementary, but, as a book of science, ordinary readers will find it sufficiently advanced."--_Utica Morning Herald._
VII.
The Conservation of Energy.
By BALFOUR STEWART, LL. D., F.R.S.
_With an Appendix treating of the Vital and Mental Applications of the Doctrine._
1 vol., 12mo. Cloth. Price, $1.50.
"The author has succeeded in presenting the facts in a clear and satisfactory manner, using simple language and copious illustration in the presentation of facts and principles, confining himself, however, to the physical aspect of the subject. In the Appendix the operation of the principles in the spheres of life and mind is supplied by the essays of Professors Le Conte and Bain."--_Ohio Farmer._
"Prof Stewart is one of the best known teachers in Owens College in Manchester.
"The volume of THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC SERIES now before us is an excellent illustration of the true method of teaching, and will well compare with Prof. Tyndall's charming little book in the same series on 'Forms of Water,' with illustrations enough to make clear, but not to conceal his thoughts, in a style simple and brief."--_Christian Register, Boston_.
"The writer has wonderful ability to compress much information into a few words. It is a rich treat to read such a book as this, when there is so much beauty and force combined with such simplicity."--_Eastern Press._
VIII.
Animal Locomotion;
Or, WALKING, SWIMMING, AND FLYING.
_With a Dissertation on Aëronautics._
By J. BELL PETTIGREW, M.D., F.R.S., F.R.S.E., F.R.C.P.E.
1 vol., 12mo. Price, $1.75.
"This work is more than a contribution to the stock of entertaining knowledge, though, if it only pleased, that would be sufficient excuse for its publication. But Dr. Pettigrew has given his time to these investigations with the ultimate purpose of solving the difficult problem of Aëronautics. To this he devotes the last fifty pages of his book. Dr. Pettigrew is confident that man will yet conquer the domain of the air."--_N. Y. Journal of Commerce._
"Most persons claim to know how to walk, but few could explain the mechanical principles involved in this most ordinary transaction, and will be surprised that the movements of bipeds and quadrupeds, the darting and rushing motion of fish, and the erratic flight of the denizens of the air, are not only analogous, but can be reduced to similar formula. The work is profusely illustrated, and, without reference to the theory it is designed to expound, will be regarded as a valuable addition to natural history."--_Omaha Republic._
IX.
Responsibility in Mental Disease.
By HENRY MAUDSLEY, M.D.,
Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians; Professor of Medical Jurisprudence in University College, London.
1 vol., 12mo. Cloth. Price, $1.50.
"Having lectured in a medical college on Mental Disease, this book has been a feast to us. It handles a great subject in a masterly manner, and, in our judgment, the positions taken by the author are correct and well sustained."--_Pastor and People._
"The author is at home in his subject, and presents his views in an almost singularly clear and satisfactory manner.... The volume is a valuable contribution to one of the most difficult, and at the same time one of the most important subjects of investigation at the present day."--_N. Y. Observer._