CHAPTER XLIV.

POST-BELLUM PENDANT.

Old Friends and their Kindness--General Grant--His Characteristic Letter of Introduction to President Johnson--In Business in New Orleans--Political Unfriendliness--Cause of Criticism of Military Career--Appointed Surveyor of Customs--The Old Nurse.

Some weeks after the surrender the newspapers announced that I was to visit Washington City. My old company commander, Bradford P. Alden, who had resigned from the army some years before the war, came down from New York to meet me. Not finding me, he wrote to tell me of his trip, that he was anxious about me, lest I might be in need of assistance; that in that event I should draw on him for such amount of money as I wanted. When ready to return his favor he was not in the country, and it was only through a mutual friend, General Alvord, that his address in Europe was found and the amount returned. A more noble, lovable character never descended from the people of Plymouth Rock.

About the 1st of November, 1865, business of personal nature called me to Washington. I stopped at the Metropolitan Hotel. Upon seeing the arrival in the morning papers, General W. A. Nichols, of the United States army, called and insisted that my visit should be with him and his family. The request was declined with the suggestion that the war-feeling was too warm for an officer of the army to entertain a prominent Confederate, but he insisted and urged that his good wife would not be satisfied unless the visit was made. So it was settled, and I became his guest. He was on duty at the time as assistant adjutant-general at the War Department. As I was stopping with an officer of the army, the usages of military life required that I should call upon the commanding general.

The next morning I walked with General Nichols to make an official call on General Grant. He recognized us as we entered his office, rose and walked to meet us. After the usual brief call, we rose to take leave, when he asked to have us call on his family during the evening. Most of those whom we met during the evening were old-time personal friends, especially the father-in-law, Mr. Dent. When leaving, after a pleasant evening, General Grant walked with us to the gate and asked if I cared to have my pardon. I pleaded not guilty of an offence that required pardon. He said that he meant amnesty,--that he wished to know if I cared to have it. I told him that I intended to live in the country, and would prefer to have the privileges of citizenship. He told me to call at his office at noon next day; that in the mean time he would see the Secretary of War and the President in regard to the matter.

The next day he gave me a letter to the President, and said that he had seen him and thought the matter was arranged; that I should first see the Secretary of War, then the President. His strong and characteristic letter to the President was as follows:

"HEAD-QUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, "WASHINGTON, D. C., November 7, 1865.

"HIS EXCELLENCY A. JOHNSON, "_President_:

"Knowing that General Longstreet, late of the army which was in rebellion against the authority of the United States, is in the city, and presuming that he intends asking executive clemency before leaving, I beg to say a word in his favor.

"General Longstreet comes under the third, fifth, and eighth exceptions made in your proclamation of the 29th of May, 1865. I believe I can safely say that there is nowhere among the exceptions a more honorable class of men than those embraced in the fifth and eighth of these, nor a class that will more faithfully observe any obligation which they may take upon themselves. General Longstreet, in my opinion, stands high among this class. I have known him well for more than twenty-six years, first as a cadet at West Point and afterwards as an officer of the army. For five years from my graduation we served together, a portion of the time in the same regiment. I speak of him, therefore, from actual personal acquaintance.

"In the late rebellion, I think, not one single charge was ever brought against General Longstreet for persecution of prisoners of war or of persons for their political opinions. If such charges were ever made, I never heard them. I have no hesitation, therefore, in recommending General Longstreet to your Excellency for pardon. I will further state that my opinion of him is such that I shall feel it as a personal favor to myself if this pardon is granted.

"Very respectfully, your obedient servant, "U. S. GRANT, "_Lieutenant-General_."

Supported by this generous endorsement, I called on the Secretary of War, who referred me to the President. After a lengthy interview the President asked to have the matter put off until next day, when I should call at noon. The next day he was still unprepared to make decision, but, after a long, pleasant talk, he said,--

"There are three persons of the South who can never receive amnesty: Mr. Davis, General Lee, and yourself. You have given the Union cause too much trouble."

I replied, "You know, Mr. President, that those who are forgiven most love the most."

"Yes," he said, "you have very high authority for that, but you can't have amnesty."

During a subsequent session of Congress, General Pope sent in a list of names from Georgia for whom he asked relief from their political disabilities. General Grant, after approving it, made request to one of his friends in Congress to have my name put on the list, and I was extended relief soon after it was given to General R. E. Lee.

In January, 1866, I engaged in business in New Orleans with the Owen brothers,--William, Miller, and Edward, old soldiers of the Washington Artillery,--as cotton factors, and speedily found fair prosperity. Before the year was out I was asked to take position in an insurance company, but declined, and repeated applications were refused under plea of limited business experience, but, under promise of ample and competent assistance, I accepted the place with a salary of five thousand dollars, and my affairs were more than prosperous until I was asked an opinion upon the political crisis of 1867.

As the whole animus of the latter-day adverse criticisms upon, and uncritical assertions in regard to, the commander of the First Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia had its origin in this matter of politics, a brief review of the circumstances is in order.

As will be readily recalled by my older readers (while for the younger it is a matter of history), President Johnson, after the war, adopted a reconstruction policy of his own, and some of the States were reorganized under it with Democratic governors and legislatures, and all would have followed. But Congress, being largely Republican, was not satisfied, and enacted that the States could not be accepted unless they provided in their new constitutions for _negro suffrage_. In case they would not, the State governments should be removed and the States placed in the hands of general officers of the army as military governors, who should see that the States were reorganized and restored to the Union under the laws.

Under the severe ordeal one of the city papers of New Orleans called upon the generals of Confederate service to advise the people of the course that they should pursue,--naming the officers. I thought it better policy to hold the States, as they were organized, under the President's policy, shape their constitutions as directed by Congress, and have the States not yet reorganized follow the same course. My letter upon the subject was as follows:

"NEW ORLEANS, LA., June 3, 1867.

"J. M. G. PARKER, ESQ.:

"DEAR SIR,--Your esteemed favor of the 15th ultimo was duly received.

"I was much pleased to have the opportunity to hear Senator Wilson, and was agreeably surprised to meet such fairness and frankness from a politician whom I had been taught to believe harsh in his feelings towards the people of the South.

"I have considered your suggestion to wisely unite in efforts to restore Louisiana to her former position in the Union 'through the party now in power.' My letter of the 6th of April, to which you refer, clearly indicates a desire for practical reconstruction and reconciliation. There is only one route left open, which practical men cannot fail to see.

"The serious difficulty arises from want of that wisdom so important for the great work in hand. Still, I will be happy to work in any harness that promises relief to our discomfited people and harmony to the nation, whether bearing the mantle of Mr. Davis or Mr. Sumner.

"It is fair to assume that the strongest laws are those established by the sword. The ideas that divided political parties before the war--upon the rights of the States--were thoroughly discussed by our wisest statesmen, and eventually appealed to the arbitrament of the sword. The decision was in favor of the North, so that her construction becomes the law, and should be so accepted.

"The military bill and amendments are the only peace-offerings they have for us, and should be accepted as the starting-point for future issues.

"Like others of the South not previously connected with politics, I naturally acquiesced in the ways of Democracy, but, so far as I can judge, there is nothing tangible in them, beyond the issues that were put to test in the war and there lost. As there is nothing left to take hold of except prejudice, which cannot be worked for good for any one, it seems proper and right that we should seek some standing which may encourage hope for the future.

"If I appreciate the issues of Democracy at this moment, they are the enfranchisement of the negro and the rights of Congress in the premises, but the acts have been passed, are parts of the laws of the land, and no power but Congress can remove them.

"Besides, if we now accept the doctrine that the States only can legislate on suffrage, we will fix the negro vote upon us, for he is now a suffragan, and his vote, with the vote that will go with him, will hold to his rights, while, by recognizing the acts of Congress, we may, after a fair trial, if negro suffrage proves a mistake, appeal and have Congress correct the error. It will accord better with wise policy to insist that the negro shall vote in the Northern as well as the Southern States.

"If every one will meet the crisis with proper appreciation of our condition and obligations, the sun will rise to-morrow on a happy people. Our fields will again begin to yield their increase, our railways and waters will teem with abundant commerce, our towns and cities will resound with the tumult of trade, and we will be reinvigorated by the blessings of Almighty God.

"Very respectfully yours, "JAMES LONGSTREET."

I might have added that not less forceful than the grounds I gave were the obligations under which we were placed by the terms of our paroles,--"To respect the laws of Congress,"--but the letter was enough.

The afternoon of the day upon which my letter was published the paper that had called for advice published a column of editorial calling me traitor! deserter of my friends! and accusing me of joining the enemy! but did not publish a line of the letter upon which it based the charges! Other papers of the Democracy took up the garbled representation of this journal and spread it broadcast, not even giving the letter upon which they based their evil attacks upon me.

Up to that time the First Corps, in all of its parts, in all of its history, was above reproach. I was in successful business in New Orleans as cotton factor, with a salary from an insurance company of five thousand dollars per year.

The day after the announcement old comrades passed me on the streets without speaking. Business began to grow dull. General Hood (the only one of my old comrades who occasionally visited me) thought that he could save the insurance business, and in a few weeks I found myself at leisure.

Two years after that period, on March 4, 1869, General Grant was inaugurated President of the United States, and in the bigness of his generous heart called me to Washington. Before I found opportunity to see him he sent my name to the Senate for confirmation as surveyor of customs at New Orleans. I was duly confirmed, and held the office until 1873, when I resigned. Since that time I have lived in New Orleans, Louisiana, and in Gainesville, Georgia, surrounded by a few of my old friends, and in occasional appreciative touch with others, South and North.

Of all the people alive I still know and meet, probably no one carries me farther back in recollections of my long life than does my "old nurse." Most of the family servants were discharged after the war at Macon, Mississippi, where some of them still reside, among them this old man, Daniel, who still claims the family name, but at times uses another. He calls promptly when I visit Macon and looks for "something to remember you by." During my last visit he seemed more concerned for me than usual, and on one of his calls asked,--

"Marse Jim, do you belong to any church?"

"Oh, yes," I said, "I try to be a good Christian."

He laughed loud and long, and said,--

"Something must have scared you mighty bad, to change you so from what you was when I had to care for you."

In a recent letter he sent a message to say that he is getting to be a little feeble.

Blessings on his brave heart!

APPENDIX.

LETTERS OF GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE AND GENERAL LONGSTREET.

I.

_Lee to Anderson on Conduct of the First Corps._

August 26, 1864.

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL R. H. ANDERSON, _Commanding Longstreet's Corps_:

GENERAL,--I take great pleasure in presenting to you my congratulations upon the conduct of the men of your corps. I believe that they will carry anything they are put against. We tried very hard to stop Pickett's men from capturing the breastworks of the enemy, but could not do it. I hope his loss has been small.

I am, with respect, your obedient servant, R. E. LEE, _General_.

II.

_Lee to Longstreet congratulating him on his Convalescence and anticipating Return._

CAMP PETERSBURG, August 29, 1864.

GENERAL J. LONGSTREET:

MY DEAR GENERAL,--I received yesterday your letter of the 23d, and am much gratified at your improvement. You will soon be as well as ever, and we shall all be rejoiced at your return. You must not, however, become impatient at the gradual progress you must necessarily make, but be content with the steady advance you are making to health and strength. Your progress will be the more certain and your recovery more confirmed. Do not let Sherman capture you, and I will endeavor to hold Grant till you come. I am glad to hear such good accounts of my little namesake. Good lungs are a great blessing, and nothing expands them better than a full, hearty yell. I hope Mrs. Longstreet is well, and that she is enjoying the good peaches and melons of Georgia. We have but little enjoyment here. Our enemy is very cautious, and he has become so proficient in intrenching that he seems to march with a system already prepared. He threatens dreadful things every day, but, thank God, he has not expunged us yet.

All your army friends inquire for you anxiously, and will be delighted to hear of your improvement. We shall not object to your chirography, so you must practise it often, and let me hear of your progress and well-doing. Please present my kindest regards to Mrs. Longstreet, and love to my namesake. The gentlemen of my staff are very grateful for your remembrance, and unite with me in sincere wishes for your welfare and happiness. I am sure the rest of this army would join did they know of the opportunity.

With great regard, very truly yours, R. E. LEE.

III.

_Longstreet to Lee._

HEAD-QUARTERS ARMY CORPS, November 24, 1864.

GENERAL R. E. LEE, _Commanding_:

GENERAL,--From the report of scouts received yesterday, it seems that the Tenth Corps is still on this side, or if it went over to the south side, has returned. The information, too, seems to indicate the arrival of the Sixth Corps from the Valley.

Under these circumstances it will be necessary for me to force the enemy to develop the extent of his move on this side before taking any more of my troops to the south side. This I shall do, of course, as rapidly as possible. I am going to have the roads leading from White Oak Swamp to the Williamsburg road well broken up with subsoil ploughs. I think that the enemy will then have to build a corduroy there as he moves. He surely will, if I can have a good gentle rain after the roads are thoroughly ploughed. Can't you apply this idea to advantage on your side on the roads that General Grant will be obliged to travel if he goes to Burkeville? I don't know, however, but that it would be better for us to go to Burkeville and block the roads behind him. If the roads that General Sherman must travel to get to Charleston or Savannah can be thoroughly ploughed and the trees felled over them, I think that General Sherman will not be able to get to his destination in fifty days, as the Northern papers expect; and it is not thought to be possible that he can collect more than fifty days' rations before reaching the coast. If the parties are properly organized, I think that they might destroy or injure all of the roads so as to break down General Sherman's animals, and result in the capture of most of his forces.

I remain, very respectfully, yours most obediently, J. LONGSTREET, _Lieutenant-General_.

IV.

_Longstreet to Lee on Impressment of Gold and Measures for Final Campaign._

[Confidential.]

HEAD-QUARTERS, February 14, 1865.

GENERAL R. E. LEE, _Commanding_:

GENERAL,--Recent developments of the enemy's designs seem to indicate an early concentration of his armies against Richmond. This, of course, would involve a like concentration on our part, or the abandonment of our capital. The latter emergency would, I think, be almost fatal,--probably quite so, after our recent reverses. To concentrate here in time to meet the movements of the enemy we will be obliged to use the little of our Southern railroad that is left us in transporting our troops, so that we cannot haul provisions over that route. I fear, therefore, that we will not be able to feed our troops unless we adopt extraordinary efforts and measures. I think that there is enough of the necessaries of life left in Virginia and North Carolina to help us through our troubles if we can only reach them. Impressing officers, however, nor collectors of taxes in kind, nor any other plan heretofore employed, is likely to get those supplies in time or in quantities to meet our necessities. The citizens will not give their supplies up and permit their families and servants to suffer for the necessaries of life without some strong inducement. For each one may naturally think that the little that he would supply by denying himself and family would go but little way where so much is needed. He does not want Confederate money, for his meat and bread will buy him clothes, etc., for his family more readily and in larger quantities than the money that the government would pay. The only thing that will insure our rations and national existence is _gold_. Send out the gold through Virginia and North Carolina and pay liberal prices, and my conviction is that we shall have no more distress for want of food. The winter is about over, and the families can and will subsist on molasses, bread, and vegetables for the balance of the year if they can get gold for their supplies. There is a great deal of meat and bread inside the enemy's lines that our people would bring us for gold; but they won't go to that trouble for Confederate money. They can keep gold so much safer than they can meat and bread, and it is always food and clothing.

If the government has not the gold, it must impress it, or if there is no law for the impressment, the gold must be taken without the law. Necessity does not know or wait for law. If we stop to make laws in order that we may reach the gold it will disappear the day that the law is mentioned in Congress. To secure it no one should suspect that we are after it until we knock at the doors of the vaults that contain it, and we must then have guards to be sure that it is not made away with.

It seems to my mind that our prospects will be brighter than they have been if we can only get food for our men; and I think that the plan that I have proposed will secure the food.

There seem to be many reasons for the opinion that the enemy deems our capital essential to him. To get the capital he will concentrate here everything that he has, and we will be better able to fight him when we shall have concentrated than when we are in detachments. The Army of the Mississippi will get new life and spirits as soon as it finds itself alongside of this, and we will feel more comfortable ourselves to know that all are under one eye and one head that is able to handle them.

I remain, most respectfully and truly, your obedient servant,

J. LONGSTREET, _Lieutenant-General_.

V.

_Lee to Longstreet on Plans for Campaign._

[Confidential.]

HEAD-QUARTERS CONFEDERATE STATES ARMIES, February 22, 1865.

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL J. LONGSTREET, _Commanding, etc._:

GENERAL,--Your letter of the 14th instant is received. It arrived during my absence in Richmond, and has not been overlooked. I agree with you entirely in believing that if we had gold we could get sufficient supplies for our army, but the great difficulty is to obtain the gold. It is not in the coffers of the government or the banks, but is principally hoarded by individuals throughout the country, and is inaccessible to us. I hope, under the reorganization of the commissary department, if we can maintain possession of our communications, that the army will be better supplied than heretofore, and that we can accumulate some provisions ahead. As regards the concentration of our troops near the capital, the effect would be to produce a like concentration of the enemy, and an increase of our difficulties in obtaining food and forage. But this, whether for good or evil, is now being accomplished by the enemy, who seems to be forcing Generals Beauregard and Bragg in this direction. If Sherman marches his army to Richmond, as General Beauregard reports it is his intention to do, and General Schofield is able to unite with him, we shall have to abandon our position on the James River, as lamentable as it is on every account. The want of supplies alone would force us to withdraw when the enemy reaches the Roanoke. Our line is so long, extending nearly from the Chickahominy to the Nottoway, and the enemy is so close upon us, that if we are obliged to withdraw we cannot concentrate all our troops nearer than some point on the line of railroad between Richmond and Danville. Should a necessity, therefore, arise, I propose to concentrate at or near Burkeville. The route for the troops north of James River would have to be through Richmond, on the road to Amelia Court-House, the cavalry passing up the north branch of the river, and crossing at some point above Richmond. Pickett's division would take the route through Chesterfield Court-House, crossing the Appomattox at Goode's Bridge. With the army concentrated at or near Burkeville, our communications north and south would be by that railroad, and west by the Southside Railroad. We might also seize the opportunity of striking at Grant, should he pursue us rapidly, or at Sherman, before they could unite. I wish you to consider this subject, and give me your views. I desire you also to make every preparation to take the field at a moment's notice, and to accumulate all the supplies you can. General Grant seems to be preparing to move out by his left flank. He is accumulating near Hatcher's Run depots of supplies, and apparently concentrating a strong force in that quarter. Yesterday and to-day trains have passed from his right to his left loaded with troops, which may be the body of eight thousand which you report having left Signal Hill yesterday. I cannot tell whether it is his intention to maintain his position until his other columns approach nearer, or to anticipate any movement by us which he might suppose would then become necessary. I wish you would watch closely his movements on the north side of the river, and try and ascertain whether he is diminishing his force. If he makes the move which appearances now indicate, he may draw out his whole force, abandoning his lines of defence, or hold them partially and move with the remainder of his troops.

I should like very much to confer with you on these subjects, but I fear it will be impossible for me to go north of James River, and I do not know that it will be convenient for you to come here.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, R. E. LEE, _General_.

P.S.--Can you not return Pickett's brigade to him in order that I may withdraw Grimes's brigade from his line, its division having been ordered to our right?

R. E. L.

VI.

_Longstreet to Lee on Impressment of Men._

[Confidential.]

HEAD-QUARTERS, February 23, 1865.

GENERAL R. E. LEE, _Commanding, etc._:

GENERAL,--Your letter of yesterday is received. I think you did not understand my letter of the 14th instant. My effort was to express conviction that Sherman's move was aimed at Richmond, and that Grant's concentration here would force us to do the same thing; and, that we might be able to do so, it was necessary that we should have gold, by impressment, to purchase our produce supplies. I think that it is not too late yet. We can surely get the gold by sending impressing officers with guards to the vaults in which it is stored.

I understand that there are twelve hundred men in Lynchburg already organized, and that we may get eight or ten thousand men in Richmond by taking everybody who is able to bear arms. The staff-officers about Richmond would be nearly enough to officer this force. If such a force can be raised and put in my lines, it can hold them, I think, and my corps can move down to the relief of Beauregard, or it may be moved over to our right, and hold Grant in check, so that Sherman will be obliged to unite with him or seek a base at New-Berne or at Wilmington. This would give Beauregard and Bragg time to unite their forces to meet Sherman and Schofield here or wherever they may appear. We shall lose more men by a move than by a battle. It is true that we may be compelled to move after the battle, but I think not. If we fight Sherman as I suggest, we shall surely drive him to the water for fresh supplies, even if we are not otherwise successful. Then we may have time to concentrate as soon as Grant, and reopen the line of communication with the South.

The local and other troops that we may get from Richmond and Lynchburg will have tolerably comfortable huts, and there will be enough old soldiers amongst them to teach them picket duty. There are also some cavalrymen who can aid them.

I should think that Grant, if he moves, can only make a partial move, similar to his last, and that would not injure us very materially.

In preparing to take the field, in view of the abandonment of Richmond, is it your desire to keep our wagons about our camps that we may move at once? Our wagons are out all the time gathering supplies, and at times some distance; so that a very sudden move would leave them behind. Shall we continue to send them or keep them with us?...

Your obedient servant, J. LONGSTREET, _Lieutenant-General_.

VII.

_Lee to Longstreet._

HEAD-QUARTERS, February 25, 1865.

GENERAL,--I have received your letters of the 23d and 24th insts. I fear I did not entirely comprehend your views expressed in your letter of the 14th. I think, however, my reply meets your supposition, in the event of concentration by the enemy. I shall in that case unite all the forces possible. I think you are misinformed as to the number of men in Lynchburg. At my last call upon General Colston, commissary there, he said he had not one hundred men, and they were unarmed. I am very glad to hear that General Ewell can get force enough from Richmond to man the lines north of James River. I know him to be a brave old soldier, ready to attempt anything, but I do not know where he will find the men. Please see him and get a definite statement, for if that can be done it will lighten our labor considerably. You cannot afford to keep your wagons by you. They will have to be kept collecting provisions, forage, etc., or you will starve. I am making great efforts to gather supplies, and send you some documents which will show what the commissary-general is doing in addition to the operations of the officers of his department. It will be a grievous thing to be obliged to abandon our position, and I hope the necessity will never arise, but it would be more grievous to lose our army. I am fully alive to the benefits of procuring gold, but fear it cannot be obtained in the way you suggest; still, I will try. I am much gratified by the earnestness and zeal you display in our operations; and were our whole population animated by the same spirit, we should be invincible. The last reports from S. C. indicated that Sherman was turning eastward. It may be to reach the Pedee in search of supplies.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, R. E. LEE, _General_.

GENERAL LONGSTREET, _Commanding, etc._

VIII.

_Longstreet to Lee on Impressment of Gold._

HEAD-QUARTERS FIRST CORPS, February 26, 1865.

GENERAL R. E. LEE, _Commanding_:

GENERAL,--I have just heard from General Ewell indirectly that he can raise force enough at Richmond to hold the lines on this side, so that my corps may be withdrawn temporarily to your right, that is, if you can put a part of the Second Corps in place of Pickett's division. This arrangement will give you force enough to meet any move that the enemy may make upon your right. If he makes no move, then you can, when the proper moment arrives, detach a force to the aid of General Beauregard, and if the enemy should then press you, you can abandon Petersburg and hold your line here, and take up the line of the Appomattox. But I think that the enemy will be forced to move a force south the moment that he finds that you are reinforcing against Sherman, else he will encounter the risk of losing Sherman as well as Richmond. There is some hazard in the plan, but nothing can be accomplished in war without risk.

The other important question is provisions. We are doing tolerably well by hauling from the country and paying market prices in Confederate money. If you would give us gold I have reason to believe that we could get an abundant supply for four months, and by that time we ought to be able to reopen our communication with the South. The gold is here, and we should take it. We have been impressing food and all of the necessaries of life from women and children, and have been the means of driving thousands from their homes in destitute conditions. Should we hesitate, then, about putting a few who have made immense fortunes at our expense to a little inconvenience by impressing their gold? It is necessary for us, and I do not think that we should let our capital fall into the enemy's hands for fear of injuring the feelings or interests of a few individuals. We have expended too much of blood and treasure in holding it for the last four years to allow it to go now by default. I think that it may be saved. If it can, we should not leave any possible contingency untried.

I think, however, that the enemy's positions are so well selected and fortified that we must either wait for an opportunity to draw him off from here or await his attack. For even a successful assault would cripple us so much that we could get no advantage commensurate with our loss.

I remain with great respect, and truly, your obedient servant, J. LONGSTREET, _Lieutenant-General_.

IX.

_Longstreet to Lee on his "Peace" Interview with General Ord._

HEAD-QUARTERS FIRST ARMY CORPS, March 1, 1865.

GENERAL R. E. LEE, _Commanding_:

GENERAL,--I had another interview with Major-General Ord yesterday, and expressed the opinions that were spoken of in our interview at the President's mansion on Sabbath last. He acceded promptly to my proposition that the war must cease if we are to go to work to try to make peace, and to the proposal for a military convention. I further claimed that we could not go into convention upon any more favorable basis than an earnest desire to arrange plans for peace that should be equally honorable for both parties. To this also I understood him to give his unqualified consent. He says that General Grant has the authority to meet you if you have authority to appoint a military convention, and proposed that you should indicate your desire to meet General Grant, if you felt authorized to do so. As he made this proposition before mine, to the effect that General Grant should express his desire to meet you, and as the interview between General Ord and myself had been brought on at the request of General Ord, I did not feel that I could well do otherwise than promise to write to you of the disposition on their part to have the interview. If you think it worth your time to invite General Grant to an interview, it might be upon some other as the ostensible grounds, and this matter might be brought up incidentally. I presume that General Grant's first proposition will be to go into convention upon the basis of reconstruction; but if I have not misunderstood General Ord's conversation, General Grant will agree to take the matter up without requiring any principle as a basis further than the general principle of desiring to make peace upon terms that are equally honorable for both sides. I would suggest that the interview take place on this side, and at the place of meeting between General Ord and myself; because there are several little points upon which you should be posted before the interview, and I do not see that I can well do that by writing. Besides, as "the ice has already been broken" on this side, your interview would be relieved in a measure of the formality incident to such occasions. If it should be on this side, I hope that you will give me two or three days' notice. General Stevens is of the opinion that one thousand negro laborers on this line during this month will so strengthen our position that we will be able to spare a division, and I am satisfied that we can do so if we can have the work completed, and can get the aid that General Ewell promises us.

I remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. LONGSTREET, _Lieutenant-General_.

X.

_Longstreet to Lee on Exchange of Political Prisoners._

HEAD-QUARTERS FIRST ARMY CORPS, March 1, 1865.

GENERAL R. E. LEE, _Commanding_:

GENERAL,--I neglected to mention in my letter just finished that General Ord expressed some apprehension for General Grant lest there might be some misunderstanding in regard to the exchange of political prisoners. The terms were general for the exchange of this class of prisoners, but were not intended by him, he says, to include such as were under charges for capital offences. General Grant desired that you should be advised of this construction of the terms.

I remain, respectfully, your most obedient servant, J. LONGSTREET, _Lieutenant-General_.

XI.

_Lee to Longstreet on Interview with General Grant._

HEAD-QUARTERS, March 2, 1865.

GENERAL,--I have received to-day your letter of the 1st instant, and concluded to propose an interview to General Grant. As you desired to have two or three days' notice, I have appointed Monday next, 6th instant, at eleven A.M., at the point suggested by you. Will you send my letter to General Grant, and arrange with General Ord for the interview? If you will ride in to my quarters on Saturday next, 4th instant, by ten A.M., in Richmond, I shall be happy to see you, when you can enlighten me on the points you referred to in your letter.

I hope some good may result from the interview.

Very truly yours, R. E. LEE, _General_.

GENERAL J. LONGSTREET, _Commanding, etc._:

P.S.--Seal the letter to General Grant before transmitting.

R. E. L.

XII.

_Longstreet to Lee urging Use of Gold._

HEAD-QUARTERS FIRST ARMY CORPS, March 7, 1865.

GENERAL R. E. LEE, _Commanding_:

GENERAL,--I received a letter yesterday from a friend in the interior of North Carolina assuring me that there are large quantities of provisions in the State; that many have two and three years' supply on hand, and that gold will bring anything that we need to our armies. The gold is in the country, and most of it is lying idle. Let us take it at once and save Richmond, and end the war. If we hold Richmond and keep our cotton, the war cannot last more than a year longer. If we give up Richmond we shall never be recognized by foreign powers until the government of the United States sees fit to recognize us. If we hold Richmond and let the enemy have our cotton, it seems to me that we shall furnish him the means to carry on the war against us. It looks to me as though the enemy had found that our policy of destroying the cotton rather than let it fall into their hands would break them down, and that it has forced them to the policy of sending on here to make a contract to feed and clothe our armies in order that they may get the means of carrying on the war of subjugation. If we will keep our cotton and use our gold our work will be comparatively easy.

I remain, respectfully, your obedient servant, J. LONGSTREET, _Lieutenant-General_.

XIII.

_Longstreet to Lee on guarding the Danville Railroad._

HEAD-QUARTERS FIRST ARMY CORPS, March 20, 1865.

GENERAL R. E. LEE, _Commanding_:

GENERAL,--I presume that the enemy's next move will be to raid against the Danville Railroad, and think that it would be well if we begin at once to make our arrangements to meet it. In order that we may get the troops that may be necessary to meet such a move, would suggest that we collect all the dismounted men of Generals Fitz Lee, Rosser, and Lomax, and put them behind our strongest lines, and draw out a corps of infantry and hold it in readiness for the raid. General W. H. F. Lee's dismounts might also be used behind our works to great advantage. With a cavalry force of two or three thousand men to hold the enemy in check, I think that our infantry may be able to overtake the raiding column. If we can get a large cavalry force I think that we would surely be able to destroy the raiding force.

I remain your obedient servant, J. LONGSTREET, _Lieutenant-General_.

XIV.

_Longstreet to Assistant Adjutant-General Taylor on Suppression of Desertion._

HEAD-QUARTERS FIRST ARMY CORPS, March 25, 1865.

LIEUTENANT-COLONEL W. H. TAYLOR, _Assistant Adjutant-General_:

The impression prevails amongst the Georgia troops of this command that persons at home having authority to raise local organizations are writing and sending messages to the men in the ranks here, offering inducements to them to quit our ranks and go home and join the home organizations. The large and increasing number of desertions, particularly amongst the Georgia troops, induces me to believe that some such outside influence must be operating upon our men. Nearly all of the parties of deserters seem to go home, and it must be under the influence of some promise, such as being received in the local forces. I would suggest, therefore, the publication of a general order warning all officers or persons authorized to raise local organizations against receiving such deserters or in any way harboring them, and cautioning all such parties that they shall be punished for such crimes under the twenty-second and twenty-third Articles of War. It may be well to publish the articles in the order, and to send the order South to be published in all the Southern papers. If the order is published, I would suggest that copies be sent to the Southern papers by special messenger or by parties going South who will take pains to have it published, otherwise I fear it may miscarry or be delayed by our irregular mails. Another growing evil seems to trouble us now in the shape of applications to raise negro companies, regiments, brigades, etc. The desire for promotion seems to have taken possession of our army, and it seems that nearly all the officers and men think that they could gain a grade or more if allowed to go home. I presume that many may try to go merely because they get furloughs. I would suggest, therefore, that some regulation be published upon this subject, and it seems to me that it should require the companies to be mustered in as non-commissioned officers and privates by the enrolling officers, and that all of the officers (general, field, and company) shall be selected from the officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates on duty with the armies of the Confederacy. If these matters are not speedily taken hold of by a firm hand, I fear that we shall be seriously damaged by them.

I remain, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, (Signed) J. LONGSTREET, _Lieutenant-General_.

XV.

_Longstreet to Lee on Sheridan's Operations._

HEAD-QUARTERS FIRST ARMY CORPS, March 28, 1865.

GENERAL R. E. LEE, _Commanding, etc._:

Your telegram asking if we can spare General Pickett's division as a supporting force to our cavalry is received. I suggested that it should be sent on that service because I was apprehensive that our railroad would be in danger of being broken up behind us, leaving us without supplies sufficient to hold Richmond until our communications south could be re-established, or in case Sheridan went to N. C., his mounted force would be too formidable for that of General Johnston's, and that General Johnston would be in great danger if we shall not reinforce him. I do not think that we can well spare the division. But I think that we would choose a lesser risk by sparing it in case Sheridan's cavalry makes either of these moves contemplated than we would by holding him here to await the result of these operations. The enemy seems now to count upon taking Richmond by raiding upon our lines of communication, and not by attacking our lines of work. I think, therefore, we should endeavor to put a force in the field that can contend against that of the enemy. If Grant sends off his cavalry, he can hardly intend to make any general move of his main army until its return. In every aspect of affairs, so far as I am advised, I think that the greater danger is from keeping too close within our trenches. If we can remain where we are independently of the railroad, and if General Johnston would be safe with such a force as Sheridan's operating against him, in addition to Sherman's, we had better keep the division here. You know much more about all those points than I do, and are much better able to decide upon them. My supply train is in from Northern Neck, and starts back to-morrow for other provisions. If there is any impropriety in sending it back, please telegraph me as soon as you receive this, that I may recall it. We have about one hundred thousand pounds of meat near Dublin and eighteen thousand at New Boston. The C. S. complains that the railroad agents will not ship the meat unless it is boxed. This cannot always be done. If you can in any way aid us in this matter, we shall do very well for some time to come.

I remain, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, (Signed) J. LONGSTREET, _Lieutenant-General_.

XVI.

_Longstreet to Adjutant-General Taylor on Policy towards New Organizations._

HEAD-QUARTERS FIRST ARMY CORPS, March 30, 1865.

LIEUTENANT-COLONEL W. H. TAYLOR, _Assistant Adjutant-General_:

Your letter expressing the views of the commander-in-chief in reference to the policy to be pursued in raising negro troops is received. I am apprehensive that we shall have applications and evidence enough to take from us more men than we can well spare at this critical moment in our affairs. It seems to me that any person who has the influence to raise a company or a regiment by going home could do so as well by letters to his friends at home. If I am right in this opinion, an order announcing that the officers of the companies and regiments of colored troops would be appointed from the officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates _on duty_ with our armies would have the effect of bringing back more absentees than we should lose by making the appointments. If we may judge of our future success in getting up new organizations by the past, we may rely upon it that many will furnish the necessary evidence, and go home and there remain for eight and ten and twelve months. I think it would be well to publish a general order, explaining more clearly the policy indicated in your letter, in order that a better general understanding may exist amongst the parties who may desire to furnish evidence of their ability to get up new organizations. Otherwise I may adopt rules which would not be as favorable to the officers and men of this command as those of other commands.

I remain very respectfully, your obedient servant, (Signed) J. LONGSTREET, _Lieutenant-General_.

XVII.

_Lee to Longstreet on Proposed Publication of a History of Virginia Campaigns._

LEXINGTON, VA., January 19, 1866.

GENERAL J. LONGSTREET:

MY DEAR GENERAL,--Upon my return from Richmond, where I have been for a week on business connected with Washington College, I found your letter of the 26th ultimo. I regret very much that you never received my first letter, as you might then, perhaps, have given me the information I desired, with more ease to yourself and with more expedition than now. I did not know how to address it, but sent it to a friend in Richmond, who gave it to one of our officers going south, who transferred it to another, etc., and after travelling many weary miles, has been recently returned to me. I start it again in pursuit of you, though you did not tell me how to address you. I have almost forgotten what it contained, but I hope it will inform you of my purpose in writing a history of the campaigns in Virginia, and of the object that I have in view, so that you may give me all the information in your power. I shall be in no hurry in publishing, and will not do so until I feel satisfied that I have got the true story, as my only object is to disseminate the truth. I am very sorry to hear that your records were destroyed too; but I hope Sorrel and Latrobe will be able to supply you with all you require. I wish to relate the acts of all the corps of the Army of Northern Virginia wherever they did duty, and do not wish to omit so important a one as yours. I will therefore wait as long as I can.

I shall be very glad to receive anything you may give to Mr. Washington McLean, as I know you recommend no one but those who deserve your good opinion.

I am delighted to hear that your arm is still improving, and hope it will soon be restored. You are, however, becoming so accomplished with your left hand as not to need it. You must remember me very kindly to Mrs. Longstreet and all your children. I have not had an opportunity yet to return the compliment she paid me. I had, while in Richmond, a great many inquiries after you, and learned that you intended commencing business in New Orleans. If you become as good a merchant as you were a soldier, I shall be content. No one will then excel you, and no one can wish you more success and more happiness than I. My interest and affection for you will never cease, and my prayers are always offered for your prosperity.

I am most truly yours, R. E. LEE.

XVIII.

_Lee to Longstreet--Congratulations._

LEXINGTON, VA., January 26, 1866.

LONGSTREET, OWEN & CO., _New Orleans_:

GENTLEMEN,--I am much obliged to you for your business card, and the pleasure it has afforded me to know that you have entered into partnership. I know you will do your work well, and please myself, therefore, with the prospect of your great success.

I wrote to your senior a few days since, at Macon, Mississippi, and hope he will receive my letter. I do not consider my partnership with him yet dissolved, and shall not let go him during life.

Wishing you all happiness and prosperity, I am, with great affection, your obedient servant,

R. E. LEE.

XIX.

_Lee to Longstreet, suggesting the Preparation of his Memoirs._

LEXINGTON, VA., March 9, 1866.

GENERAL J. LONGSTREET:

MY DEAR GENERAL,--Your son Garland handed me a few days since your letter of the 15th of January, with the copies of your reports of operations in East Tennessee, Wilderness, Virginia, and of some of my official letters to you. I hope you will be able to send me a report of your operations around Suffolk and Richmond previous to the evacuation of that city, and of any of my general orders which you may be able to collect.

Can you not occupy your leisure time in preparing your memoirs of the war? Every officer whose position and character would give weight to his statements ought to do so. It is the only way in which we may hope that fragments of truth will reach posterity. Mrs. Longstreet will act as your amanuensis. I am very sorry that your arm improves so slowly. I trust it will be eventually restored to you. You must present my kindest regards to Mrs. Longstreet. I hope your home in New Orleans will be happy; that your life, which is dear to me, may be long and prosperous.

Most truly yours, R. E. LEE.

XX.

_Longstreet to Lee on Battle of Gaines's Mill._

NEW ORLEANS, LA., March 20, 1866.

GENERAL R. E. LEE, _Lexington, Va._:

MY DEAR GENERAL,--Your favor of the 9th instant is received. The papers or copies sent by Garland contain everything that I have or can get in the shape of your letters and orders. I shall be able to give you an account of movements, etc., connected with the Suffolk campaign and the siege of Richmond when I can get our diaries,--that is, Sorrel's, Latrobe's, and my own. But I fear that I shall not be able to do so in time to meet your desires. I shall send all that I can gather together to your house as soon as I can. I have sometimes thought that I would make the effort to write at some future time, but begin to despair of my arm. It is too much labor to write with my left hand, and it gives me inconvenience, indeed pain, to keep my right hand in the constrained position necessary in writing. Our business affairs occupy my days from nine till four P.M., so I am glad to give my arm rest after that time. Mrs. Longstreet would be rather a poor amanuensis in the evening, my only spare time, as her two little boys, Lee and Jim, occupy most of her time. She is trying to get a picture of Lee to send you. I delivered your message that you "regretted that you had not been able to return the compliment." To go back to history and the war. There is one portion of our records as written that I should like corrected,--the battle of Gaines's Mill. Your report of that battle does not recognize the fact that the line in my front, that is, the enemy's line, was broken by the troops that were under my orders and handling. A part of Jackson's command, being astray, reported to me just as I was moving my column of attack forward,--Whiting's division,--and I put it in my column of attack, as stated in my report. I think that you must have overlooked my report on this point, and have been guided by Jackson's. Jackson knew nothing of the matter of my having his troops, I suppose, and merely made his report from riding over the ground after the battle. I presume that he was not within one mile of the division when I put it in, and had no idea of its whereabouts. General Whiting reported to me that he had lost his way, and did not know where to find General Jackson, and offered his troops if I had use for them. I was then moving to assault, and put Whiting in a little behind Pickett's brigade. The commands made the assault together, and broke the enemy's line. Anderson's brigade followed and secured it, the assaulting columns being somewhat broken in making the charge. Just after breaking his lines the enemy made a severe attack, and would have recovered his position, I think, but for the timely support of Anderson's and Kemper's brigades at this point. Another fact should not be lost sight of in this connection. A. P. Hill had made several formidable attacks at the same point, and had fought manfully against it for several hours, and though not entirely successful, he must have made a decided impression, and have injured the enemy as much as he was himself injured, and thus weakened the enemy's lines so as to enable us to break them. It is quite common to give those credit only who show results, but it frequently happens, as in this case, that there are others who merit as much who are not known by results,--that is, who are not seen by others than those on the ground.

If you can come across my son when you have an idle moment, I hope that you will give him a few words of kindly advice and encouragement. He is taught to look up to you as superior to others. Mrs. Longstreet joins me in affectionate salutations.

I remain very truly yours, J. LONGSTREET.

XXI.

_Lee to Longstreet--Situation and Prospects._

LEXINGTON, VA., May 25, 1866.

GENERAL J. LONGSTREET:

MY DEAR GENERAL,--I was very glad to receive your letter of the 18th, but you told me so little of yourself that I presume you intend writing to me again shortly. But what you did say was very satisfactory, and I am much pleased to know that your prospects in a commercial point of view are good and progressive. I hope they may regularly and surely advance. I feel much obliged by your kind proposition as regards myself. For the present I must remain where I am. When I see that I have done all the good that I can accomplish for Washington College I may find it necessary to do something that will enable me to procure a competence for my family. I will then turn my hand to whatever may offer. For myself I want nothing but my food and clothes. I send in compliance with your request a number of autographs, enough, I should think, to last for all time; but if they will be of any service to you I will send more. Mr. Lowe has not yet reached Lexington. It will give me pleasure to see him when he does, as he comes from you. As you did not mention your arm, I hope that is improving too. You must never omit to mention it, Mrs. Longstreet, and your children when you write. I see Garland very often in my walks, but very rarely at my house.... All unite in kindest regards to yourself and family.

Most truly yours, R. E. LEE.

INDEX.

A.

Adams, General, wounded at Chickamauga, 446.

Alden, Bradford R., at Jefferson Barracks, 17; friendliness of, to Longstreet, 632.

Alexander, General E. P., at Fredericksburg, 311, 316; at Gettysburg, 389, 390, 391; notifies Pickett to advance, 392; goes to Tennessee with Longstreet, 437; on Lookout Mountain, 463; at Campbell's Station, 493; at Knoxville, 497; at Mechanicsville (1864), 553; letter of, to Longstreet, on affairs at Wilderness, 570, 571.

Amazon Creek, engagement at, 606.

Amusement of soldiers, 325, 326.

Anderson, General G. B., at Seven Pines, 94; at South Mountain, 222; mortally wounded at Sharpsburg, 249.

Anderson, General G. T., at Sharpsburg, 242, 247; wounded at Gettysburg, 372; brigade of, receives Farnsworth's cavalry charge, 395; in retreat from Gettysburg, 428; joins Hood's division in Tennessee, 462; in assault of Fort Sanders, 502, 503, 505, 506; at Wilderness, 562; captures prisoners at Farmville, 617.

Anderson, Lieutenant-General R. H., at Williamsburg, 72, 75, 76; at Seven Pines, 94; at Sharpsburg, 247, 249; report of interview with General Lee at Gettysburg, 357; in fight at Little Round Top, 372; in command of left division on Rapidan (1864), 553; division of, in the Wilderness, 559, 562; succeeds Longstreet, wounded, 565; at Five Forks, 602; in engagement at Amazon Creek, 606; makes attack at Rice's Station, 613; letter to, from General Lee, 639.

Antietam, battle of. _See_ Sharpsburg.

Appendix, 639.

Appomattox, surrender at, officers urge negotiations for surrender, 618; General Grant asks surrender, 619; General Lee replies, asking terms, 619; interview of General Pendleton with General Lee, 620, 621; General Grant states terms for surrender, 622; General Lee proposes meeting with General Grant, 622; Sheridan's decisive action, 622; General Lee gives orders for march to Appomattox Court-House, 623; an account of last scenes of activity, 624; General Lee confers with Longstreet and Mahone, 624, 625; General Lee rides to meet General Grant, 625; Longstreet endeavors to recall Lee, 626; General Custer's demand of surrender from Longstreet, 627; truce ordered, 628; sympathy of soldiers for General Lee, 629; Generals Grant and Longstreet meet, 630; details of capitulation arranged, 630; number of troops surrendered and paroled, 631.

Archer, General, at Shepherdstown, 264; at Fredericksburg, 309; captured at Gettysburg, 354, 389.

Arista, General, in command of Mexican forces, 22.

Armies. _See_ Confederate, Federal, Army of the Potomac, Army of Northern Virginia.

Armistead, General, at Malvern Hill, 143; killed beside Federal battery in Pickett's charge (Gettysburg), 394.

Armstrong, General, at Chickamauga, 441; makes great capture of cattle, 530; in sharp engagement on the French Broad, 532.

Army corps. _See_ Corps.

Army of Northern Virginia, losses of, in Maryland campaign, 266, 267; condition of, on entering Maryland, 284; reorganized in October, 1862, 290; strength of, at Fredericksburg, 305; strength and organization of, at Fredericksburg, 317 _et seq._; divided into three corps, 332; in readiness for Gettysburg campaign, 334; organization of, in Gettysburg, 410; in retreat from Gettysburg, 426 _et seq._; strength of, in 1864, 552-554; capitulation of, at Appomattox, 631.

Army of Observation, 18.

Army of Occupation, 19.

Army of the Potomac, organization of, in Maryland campaign, 209, 271; strength of, at Antietam, 265; losses of, at Antietam, 266; reorganized by General Burnside, 292; strength of, at Fredericksburg, 305; in false position at Fredericksburg, 323; before Gettysburg, 335; Meade succeeds Hooker in command of, 348; organization of, at Gettysburg, 415; strength of, in 1864, 552; crosses the Rapidan, 555; posting of, at Five Forks, 593.

Army of the Tennessee, first victory of the, 456; Longstreet offered command of, 466; Hardee offered command of, 466 (note).

Army of Virginia organized, 153; strength of, 153, 157.

"Attrition," policy of, 551.

Averill, General, makes raid from West Virginia into East Tennessee, 521, 522.

Avery, Colonel, death of, at Gettysburg, 375.

Ayres, General, at Five Forks, 598, 599, 601.

B.

Badeau, General, quoted on strength of Army of Potomac in 1864, 552, 553.

Baird, General, at Chickamauga, 441.

Baker, E. D., 61.

Ball's Bluff, engagement at, 61.

Banks, General N. P., in command of Second Corps, Army of Virginia, 153; his battle against Jackson at Slaughter Mountain, 157.

Barksdale, General, at Fredericksburg, 301, 303; takes battery at Gettysburg, 370; guiding spirit of the battle, 371; mortally wounded, 372.

Barlow, General, at Antietam, 250; fall of, 252, 266; at Gettysburg, 355.

Baxter, Colonel, crosses the river at Fredericksburg under fire, 303.

Beauregard, General G. T., at West Point, 16; at Manassas, 33, 35; instructions to commanders, 36; order for battle, 44; order miscarries, 46; in charge of left, 49; brave charge by, 50; ordered West, 64; proposal to bring, into Gettysburg campaign, 336; prejudice against, of Davis, 432, 545; Longstreet writes President Davis in favor of, 547.

Beauregard, Lieutenant R. T., at Chickamauga, 441.

Beaver Dam Creek. _See_ Mechanicsville.

Bee, General Bernard E., at Manassas, 46, 48; gives name of "Stonewall" to Jackson, 49.

Benning, General, at Gettysburg, 370, 396; in retreat from Gettysburg, 431; at Chickamauga, 448; at Petersburg, 606.

Bermuda Hundred, Pickett's division assigned to, 574; assault on, by Parke (Petersburg), 605.

Berry, General, at Fredericksburg, 309.

Birney, General, at Fredericksburg, 309; at Gettysburg, account of affair at Peach Orchard, 366; at Wilderness, 559.

Blackburn's Ford, engagement at, 38. _See_ Manassas, First.

Blair, Hon. Montgomery, peace mission of, 583.

Bonham, General M. S., at Manassas, 52.

Bostan, Colonel, killed, 630.

Boteler's Ford, 264. _See_ Shepherdstown.

Bowen, Orderly, killed at Wilderness, 564.

Bragg, General Braxton, at West Point, 17; threatening near Chattanooga, 434, 436; Longstreet at head-quarters of, 438; plan of, for Chickamauga, 439; gives orders to Longstreet's division commanders, 447; disturbed by plan of battle, 452; absence of, from field, 455, 457; order for retreat, 456, 457; did not know result of Chickamauga until next day, 458; receives report of battle from Longstreet, 461; refuses to pursue the enemy, 462, 463; officers call for removal of, 464; puts Generals Polk and Hindman under charges, 465; inquiry in regard to, by President Davis, 465; on affairs subsequent to Chickamauga, 471; criticism upon, 472; ignores signal service reports and is surprised, 474, 475; plans to capture Hooker's rear-guard by night attack, 475; orders Longstreet into East Tennessee, 481; urges Longstreet to make rapid movement, 483; orders speedy attack of Knoxville by Longstreet, 501; orders Longstreet to co-operation with his army after defeat at Chattanooga, 507; relieved of command by General Hardee, 515; called to Richmond as commander-in-chief, 516; suggestions of, before authorities at Richmond, 545; action of, after Chickamauga criticised by Longstreet before authorities at Richmond, 546; ordered to Wilmington, 580; comment on, by Confederate newspaper, 582 (note).

Branch, General L. O'B., report of, on march to Mechanicsville, 123.

Brandy Station, cavalry engagement at, between Stuart and Pleasonton, 338.

Brannan, General, at Chickamauga, 442.

Bratton, Colonel, in attack on Hooker's rear-guard near Lookout Mountain, 476, 477.

Breckenridge, Major-General J. C., at Chickamauga, 441; in assault, 445, 446; appointed Secretary of War, 583, 584.

Bristoe Station, engagement at between Ewell and Hooker, 170.

Brockenbrough, General, at Fredericksburg, 307; at Gettysburg, 354.

Bryan, General, in assault on Fort Sanders, 505, 520.

Buckner, General Simon, at Chickamauga, 439; gives opinion adverse to Bragg, 465; letter to, from Longstreet, 484, 485.

Buford, General, at Gettysburg, 351, 352, 353.

Bull Run. _See_ Manassas.

Bull's Gap, Longstreet's army at, 542.

Burnside, General A. E., ordered to Fredericksburg to aid Pope, 159; begins work at "Burnside's bridge," 244; continuance of, 254, 256, 257, 258; McClellan's orders to, for taking bridge, 258; effects crossing, 260; battle concentrates against, 261; his advance arrested, 262; assigned to command Army of the Potomac, 291; reorganizes army in three "Grand Divisions," 292; submits plan to President Lincoln, 292; plan of, for crossing Rappahannock at Fredericksburg, 301; plan of, for battle, 304; orders that Marye's Hill must be carried before night, 312; orders of, to Franklin criticised, 315; memorandum of, for renewal of attack on Marye's Hill, captured, 316; abortive moves by, 322 _et seq._; in East Tennessee, 434, 436, 480, 481; has army of twenty-five thousand men north of Knoxville, 482; acts on defensive at Knoxville, 488; sends troops to Little Tennessee River, 490; report of, on condition at Knoxville, 499, 500; relieved of command at Knoxville by General Foster, 514; in command of Ninth Corps in Virginia, 552.

Burnside's bridge. _See_ Burnside, General A. E., and Sharpsburg.

Butler, General Benjamin F., in front of Richmond, 575, 576; move on Fort Fisher, 580.

C.

Campaign in far South, consideration of, 540.

Campaign of 1864, 551 _et seq._

Campbell, Judge J. A., 583.

Campbell's Station, engagement at, 492, 494.

Cannon-shots, remarkable, 254, 255.

Capitulation. _See_ Appomattox, surrender at.

Carr, General, at Dandridge, 526.

Cashtown, Lee calls for concentration at, 348.

Chambersburg, Confederates at, 351.

Chancellorsville, losses at, 327; criticism upon, 329, 330.

Chantilly, battle of, 193; killing of Kearny and Stevens at, 194.

Charles City Cross-Roads. _See_ Frayser's Farm.

Chattanooga, Federal army at, 462 _et seq._

Cheatham, General, at Chickamauga, 441; gives opinion adverse to General Bragg, 465.

Chester Gap, Longstreet's command at, in retreat from Gettysburg, 431.

Chickahominy River, McClellan advances to, 82 (_see_ Seven Pines); fighting along the, in summer of 1862, 120 _et seq._; McClellan changes base from, to James River, 132.

Chickamauga, battle of (_see_ Westward movement), Longstreet arrives at Bragg's head-quarters, 438; plan for, 439; Confederate purpose to push between enemy and his base at Chattanooga, 440; Confederate positions, 440, 441; Union positions, 441, 442; General Bragg orders direct assault, 443, 445; battle opened by advance of General D. H. Hill's corps, 445; General Helm killed, 446; attack by Cleburne, 446; Longstreet's troops assault, 447; wounding of General Hood, 448; Federals driven back, 448, 449; change in plan by Longstreet, 450; right wing ceases active battle, 452; contention by left wing as independent battle, 455; the Union army melts away, 455, 456; rejoicings of Confederates, 456; General Thomas marches for Rossville Gap, 456; retreat was made before issue of Rosecrans's order, 457; Confederates hold Snodgrass Hill, 457; losses, 458; heavy losses by regiments, 459; Longstreet urges pursuit of the Federals, 461 _et seq._; absence of both commanders from the field, 472; action of Bragg after close of, referred to at Richmond by Longstreet, 546.

Cleburne, General, at Chickamauga, 441, 446.

Cobb, General, attacked by Franklin at Crampton's Pass, 229, 230; at Fredericksburg, 303; killing of, 311.

Colgrove, Colonel Silas, finds Lee's "lost order," 213.

Confederate army, organization and strength of, at Manassas (First), 57; strength of, at Sharpsburg, 265, 266; losses of, at Sharpsburg, 266; condition of, on entering Maryland, 284; reorganized, 290; strength of, at Fredericksburg, 305; numbers and organization of, at Fredericksburg, 317 _et seq._; divided into three corps, 332; ready for Gettysburg campaign, 334; organization of, at Gettysburg, 410; in retreat from Gettysburg, 426 _et seq._; strength and losses of, at Chickamauga, 458; losses of, at Knoxville, 508; strength of, 1864, 552; capitulation of, 630.

Confederate flag. _See_ Flag.

Confederate soldier, tributes to, 200, 288; amusement of, 325.

Congress, Confederate, tenders vote of thanks to General Longstreet, 550; expresses want of confidence in President Davis, 583; passes law for appointment of commander-in-chief, 583.

Cooke, Colonel, at Sharpsburg, 250, 267.

Corps, army, two provisional, organized by McClellan on Chickahominy, 82; First (Confederate), losses of, at Sharpsburg, 266; First (Confederate), firmness of, 334; Second (Confederate), leading on march into Pennsylvania, 340; First (Confederate), on march into Pennsylvania, 341; Third (Confederate), march of, to Gettysburg, 344; First (Confederate), at Gettysburg, 397 _et seq._; vote of thanks to First (Confederate), in Congress, 550; Ninth (Federal), under Burnside, 552; General Lee on services of First (Confederate), 639.

Corpus Christi, army concentrates at, 19.

Corse, General, at Five Forks, 595, 600, 601; captured, 614.

Couch, General D. N., at Seven Pines, 95, 98; at Harper's Ferry, 229, 232.

Councils of war, at Richmond, April, 1862, 66; Johnston's, before Seven Pines, 85, 86; by General G. W. Smith, at Seven Pines, 107; of Lee and his officers, June, 1862, 121; in spring of 1864, at Richmond, 543-595.

Cox, General J. D., with Pleasonton, opens battle of South Mountain, 221, 223; at Burnside's bridge in command of Ninth Corps, 258.

Crampton's Pass, description of, 206; General Franklin ordered to, by McClellan, 217; Hampton's cavalry at, 229; Franklin and Cobb have engagement at, 229, 230.

Crittenden, General T. L., at Chickamauga, 442; goes before court of inquiry, 465.

Crook, General, at Burnside's bridge (Antietam), 259; attacks Confederate trains, 612.

Cross, Colonel, at Antietam, 266.

Cullen, J. S. D., letter of, to General Longstreet on second day at Gettysburg, 383 (note).

Cumberland Church, engagement at, 615.

Cumberland Gap, engagement at, 513.

Cumming, Lieutenant, bravery of, at Fort Sanders, 520.

Curtin, Andrew G., Governor of Pennsylvania, letter of, to General McClellan, 282.

Custer, General, at Gettysburg, 396; defeats and captures most of Early's command at Waynesboro', 590; at Five Forks, 598; division of, at Appomattox, 622; demands and is refused surrender of Longstreet, 627.

D.

Dandridge, affair at, 528 _et seq._

Danville Railroad, Longstreet on guarding of, 650.

Davis, Lieutenant-Colonel H., escapes with command from Harper's Ferry, 231.

Davis, Jefferson, President, in council, April, 1862, 66; high opinion of McClellan, 66; on battle-field (Frayser's Farm), 134; letter to, from General Lee, relative to peace proposition, 204; prejudice of, against Johnston and Beauregard, 432; visits Army of Tennessee and makes inquiry as to General Bragg, 465; proffers command to Longstreet, 466; urges promotion of General Law, 467; holds second conference with commanders at Bragg's head-quarters, 468; favors Longstreet's suggestion for change of base to Rome, Georgia, 469; leaves army more despondent than he found it, 470; orders Longstreet to march to Bragg's relief, 507; gives Longstreet discretionary authority over troops in the department, 511; orders Longstreet to send Martin's cavalry to Johnston, 539; in council with Generals Lee, Longstreet, and Bragg, 545, 546; want of confidence in, expressed by Congress, 583; receives news of defeat at Petersburg in church at Richmond, 607.

Davis, General Jefferson C., at Chickamauga, 442.

Dearing, General, killed, 630.

Dent, Frederick, home of, 18.

Dent, Miss Julia, meets Lieutenant Grant, 18.

Dent, Marshall, maternal grandfather of author, 13.

Dent, Mary Ann, mother of author, 14.

Desertion, Longstreet on suppression of, 651.

Deshler, General, mortally wounded at Chickamauga, 446.

Devens, General, 590, 598.

Doby, Captain, killed at Wilderness, 564.

Doubleday, General Abner, in engagement against Jackson at Groveton, 176, 177; at Antietam, 241; at Fredericksburg, 309; in command of a corps at Gettysburg, 353, 355.

Douglas, Colonel, killed at Sharpsburg, 243.

Dranesville, engagement at, 62.

Duncan, Captain J. H., defends Fort Gregg (Petersburg), 607.

Duryea, Colonel, charge of, at Burnside's bridge (Antietam), 259.

E.

Early, General Jubal A., at Manassas, 39; at Williamsburg, 78; at Sharpsburg, 242, 245; appointment of, as lieutenant-general, 332; on march to Gettysburg, 344; in battle, 374, 375; charges of, against Longstreet and First Corps, 397; comment on, 402; defeat in the Valley, 579; command of, captured by Custer at Waynesboro', 590.

East Tennessee campaign, Longstreet ordered to, 480, 481; organization of Confederate command for, 482; move to Sweetwater, 483; transportation under Bragg's quartermaster, 483; letter of General Longstreet to General Buckner on delays, etc., 484, 485; Buckner's endorsement, 485; on short rations, 486; orders to General Wheeler, 487; "looked like campaign against Longstreet instead of Burnside," 488; description of country, 488, 489; engagement on the Little Tennessee River, 490; engagement at Campbell's Station, 492-495; Federals behind their works at Knoxville, 495; gallant assault on Fort Loudon repulsed, 497; Longstreet reinforced by General Bushrod R. Johnson, 501; McLaws's orders to his command for assault of Fort Sanders, 503; McLaws urges delay because of report of Bragg's defeat, 504; reply to, by Longstreet, 504; the assault made, 505, 506; troops recalled on a misconception, 506, 507; Bragg orders Longstreet to co-operate with his army after defeat at Chattanooga, 507; losses at Knoxville, 508; Longstreet finds it impracticable to join Bragg, 509; columns advancing for relief of Burnside, 510; Longstreet marches up the Holston Valley, 511; he is followed by General Parke, 512; engagement at Cumberland Gap, 513; want of clothing and shoes, 515, 521; presence of Longstreet causes concern to Federal authorities and General Grant, 515, 516; charges against General Robertson, 517; General McLaws ordered relieved from duty, 518; General Law resigns under privilege, 519; honorable mention of officers, 520; the army revels in plenty on the French Broad, 520, 521; brilliant achievement of General W. E. Jones at Cumberland Gap, 522, 523; strategic importance of the field, 524, 538; Foster advances against Longstreet, 525; Union army makes stand at Dandridge, 526; affair at, 528 _et seq._; Longstreet drinks to health of Granger, 529; General Foster calls Dandridge's expedition "a foraging excursion," 530; General Grant orders Foster to offensive against Longstreet, 532; despatches on Longstreet from General Grant to Generals Halleck, Thomas, and Schofield, 535-538; Longstreet asks for ten thousand additional troops, 539; Longstreet's purpose towards close of campaign, 539; withdrawal eastward of Longstreet's command, 540; authorities would not support campaign, 541; Longstreet and his original command from Virginia rejoins General Lee on the Rapidan, 547; vote of thanks to General Longstreet and First Corps by Confederate Congress, 550.

Edwards's Ferry. _See_ Ball's Bluff.

Elections of 1862, 1864, 479.

Elzey, General, arrives at Manassas, 49; succeeds Kirby Smith, 50.

Emancipation Proclamation, issue of, made practicable by victory at Antietam, 288, 289; elections of 1862 not in support of, 479.

Ewell, General R. S., at West Point, 17; engagement of, with Hooker, at Bristoe Station, 170; loses a leg at Groveton, 177; appointed to command of Second Corps on death of Jackson, 332; engages Milroy at Winchester, 339; march of, to Gettysburg, 344; captures beeves and flour, 345; in fight on Cemetery Hill, 355, 356; attacked by Ruger, 387; in retreat from Gettysburg, 431, 432; in command of Second Corps on Rapidan (1864), 553; becomes engaged in Wilderness, 558, 562; takes several officers prisoners, 565; in retreat from Petersburg, 612, 613; brave stand and final surrender of, 614.

F.

Fairfax, Colonel, at Sharpsburg, 250; takes scout to Longstreet, 345; letter from, to General Longstreet on interview with General Lee, "sunrise order," etc., 380, 381 (note); drinks with Longstreet to health of Gordon Granger, 530; captures a trooper on the French Broad, 532; on delay at Wilderness after wounding of Longstreet, 567.

Fair Oaks. _See_ Seven Pines.

Falling Waters, Confederates at, in retreat from Gettysburg, 428, 429.

Farmville, panic of Confederate teamsters at, 616; engagement at, 616, 617.

Farnsworth, General, charge of, at Gettysburg, 395; killed, 395.

Federal army, organization and strength of, at Manassas (First) 57, 58; strength and losses of, at Antietam, 265, 266; reorganized by Burnside, 292; strength of, at Fredericksburg, 305; in false position, 323; before Gettysburg, 335; Meade succeeds Hooker in command of, 348; organization of, at Gettysburg, 415; strength and losses of, at Chickamauga, 458; losses of, at Knoxville, 508; strength of, in 1864, 552; how posted at Five Forks, 593.

Ferrero, General, at Burnside's Bridge (Antietam), 259; in East Tennessee campaign, 490; covers retreat, 492.

Field, General, at Wilderness, 562-564; gives account of battle, 567; before Richmond, 577; division of, withdrawn, 604; division of, at Appomattox, 629.

Fiser, Colonel, wounded in assault on Fort Sanders, 520.

Fisher, Fort, move against, 580.

Fitzhugh, Captain, captured and loses despatch, 160.

Five Forks, battle of, General Grant's move around the Confederate right, 595; General Lee endeavors to anticipate, 596; opening of, favorable to Confederates, 596; General Grant orders Fifth Corps into battle, 597; Sheridan's strategic plan, 598; the battle irretrievable for Confederates, 599; Pickett's battle, 599-602; losses, 601, 602; General Lee on, 604.

Flag, Confederate, origin of, 56.

"Foot Cavalry" of Virginia, 146.

Forrest, General, at Chickamauga, 441.

Foster, General John G., reaches Knoxville and relieves Burnside of command at, 513, 514; at Blain's Cross-Roads, 514; assigns true cause for Longstreet's failure to follow, 515; plans to intrench at Bull's Gap, 516; army of, advances against Longstreet, occupying Dandridge, 526; suffering from an old wound, gives command to General Parke, 528; calls Dandridge expedition a "foraging excursion," 530; urged to offensive by General Grant, 531, 532; assaults Fort Gregg (Petersburg), 607.

Fowler, Captain W. H., at Chickamauga, 441.

Franklin, William B., given command of Sixth Corps, 82; encounters Jackson at White Oak Swamp, 133; arrives at Centreville to reinforce Pope, 190; ordered by McClellan to Crampton's Pass, 217; engages General Cobb of McLaws's command, 229, 230, 232; report by, 257; placed in command of Left Grand Division Army of the Potomac, 292; arrives before Fredericksburg, 297; troops of, enter Fredericksburg, 304; orders to, by Burnside, criticised, 315.

Frayser's Farm, battle at, Longstreet encounters main force of McClellan's army at, 133; President Davis has narrow escape on the field, 134; Jenkins captures Randol's battery, precipitating battle, 135; Heintzelman's report of fight, 135; McCall's report, 136; General Holmes's account, 137; General Kearny's account, 137; capture of General McCall, 138, 139.

Frederick, Md., Confederates in, 201, 202, 205; McClellan's army at, 213. _See_ Maryland campaign.

Fredericksburg, battle and campaign of, Burnside's plans for, submitted to President Lincoln, 292; Union army on march to, 293; General Sumner calls on civil authorities for surrender of town, 293; reply of the mayor, 294-296; citizens of, move beyond danger, 296; description of field of, 297-299; signal for battle, 301; plans of Federals for crossing the river, 301, 302; work of General Hunt and Colonel Hall, 302; Federals occupy eastern part of town, 303; Sumner's and Franklin's troops occupy city, 304; plan of Federal commander, 304; strength of the armies, 305; mist veils the confronting armies, 306; Confederate positions, 307; General Meade's advance, 308; the opening against the Confederate left, 309; killing of General Cobb, 311; destructive work of artillery, 311; desperate charges by Griffin and Humphreys, 312; before the stone wall on Marye's Hill, 313; comparison of charges by Federals with those of Pickett, Pettigrew, and Trimble at Gettysburg, 314; criticism of orders to Franklin, 315; losses in battle, 315, 316; Burnside plans to renew attack, 316; strength of armies in battle, 317; organization of Confederate army, 317 _et seq._

Fremantle, Lieutenant-Colonel, of the Coldstream Guards, as guest of Lee and Longstreet, 343; congratulations of, to Longstreet on Pickett's charge, 394.

French, General William H., at Fredericksburg, 309, 310.

G.

Gaines's Mill, battle at, the Hills attack Fitz-John Porter, 126; Longstreet's reserve engages, 127; Anderson, Pickett, and Hood's charges, 129; letter of Longstreet upon, to General Lee, 656.

Garfield, General James A., communication of, on Rosecrans's order to retreat from Chickamauga, 457.

Garland, General Samuel, at Seven Pines, 94; killed at South Mountain, 221; allusion to, 223.

Garnett, R. B., at West Point, 16, 17; killed in Pickett's charge (Gettysburg), 394.

Gary, General, in affair on Williamsburg road, 578.

Gee, Captain, killed at Five Forks, 599.

Generalship, power of battle in, rather than in numbers, 551.

Getty, General, in opening of battle of Wilderness, 558; advance of, 559.

Gettysburg, battle and campaign of, first mentioned, 331, 334; Confederate plan of campaign, 335, 336; Hooker discovers Federal withdrawal from Fredericksburg, 337; cavalry engagement in rear of the march, 338; confusion in regard to cavalry orders, 342; municipal authorities of Gettysburg and York surrender to General John B. Gordon, 345; Longstreet suggests change in direction of march, 347; Federal corps' locations, 347, 348; General George G. Meade succeeds Hooker in command of Federals, 348; positions of armies June 30, 349, 350; Confederate cavalry not at hand, 351; description of field, 352 _et seq._; preliminary fighting, 353, 354; the battle opens, 354; General John F. Reynolds killed, 354; fight on Cemetery Hill, 355, 356; Federals retreat through town, 356; Howard forms new lines, 357; forces engaged (on first day), 357; Lee had not intended to deliver general battle, 358; Lee seriously affected by absence of cavalry, 359; commands of Longstreet's corps hurried forward, 359; second day's battle, 362; front of Meade's position, 363; march of Sixth Corps (Federal), 364; position of Confederates, 364; Lee settles on attack by his right, 365; advance of First Corps (Confederate), 366; time of reaching position, 366; Hood reports advantage of move to the right, 367; renews appeal, 368; opportunity for Confederate right seen by Halleck in Washington, 368; Barksdale of McLaws's opens the fight and takes battery, 370; Little Round Top the citadel of the field, 371; fight at the hill and Brick Church, 371; many officers killed or wounded, 371, 372; Longstreet with Wofford's brigade on Little Round Top, 372; Meade reinforces against Longstreet, 373; losses of Longstreet and Meade on second day, 373; late arrival of cavalry, 373; Federals draw artillery from their right against Longstreet's battle, 374; "man on the left who did not care to make battle win," 375; General Pendleton on the order for "battle at sunrise," 377 _et seq._; refutation of, 378-384; losses on second day, 376, 377; third day's battle, 385 _et seq._; Lee's plans, 386; Ruger opens against Ewell, 387; Longstreet did not approve attack as made, 388, but he prepared carefully for the assault, 389, 390; Confederates on the left driven from their trenches, 391; Longstreet assents to Pickett's advance, 392; Pickett's, Trimble's, and Pettigrew's charge, 394; Farnsworth's cavalry charge, 395; the Confederate First Corps, 397; Lee's acknowledgment of fault, 400; epitome of battle, 402; Cemetery Hill and Marye's Hill compared, 403; impossibility of taking Cemetery Hill, 404; forces engaged and losses in battle, 409; organization of Confederate army, 410 _et seq._; organization of Federal army, 415 _et seq._; Confederate retreat, 426.

Gibbon, General, in engagement with Jackson at Groveton, 176; at South Mountain, 224; at Antietam, 241, 266; at Fredericksburg, 309; wounded in front of Pickett's charge (Gettysburg), 394; on assaulting columns, on the 3d, at Gettysburg, 399; at the Wilderness, 558, 559; at Petersburg, 606-608.

Gist, General, at Chickamauga, 446.

Glendale. _See_ Frayser's Farm.

Goggin, Major, reports taking of Fort Sanders impossible, 505, 506.

Gold, price of, reaches 200, 317; Longstreet advocates impressment of, 588, 641, 646, 649.

Gordon, General John B., authorities of Gettysburg and York surrender to, 345; corps of, assigned for sortie against Fort Steadman, 592; at Appomattox, 623, 624.

Goree, Colonel T. J., 47; on repulse of Pickett at Gettysburg, 400.

"Grand Divisions," Army of the Potomac organized in, 292.

Granger, General Gordon, covers gap in Mission Ridge at Chickamauga, 442; in severe contention against Longstreet's left, 457; in command of Federals at Dandridge, 528; on Longstreet, 529.

Grant, General Ulysses S., at West Point, 17; joins Fourth Regiment in Missouri as lieutenant, 18; takes part in theatricals, 20; operations of, at Vicksburg, 478; assumes command of armies in Tennessee, 482; orders Longstreet driven out of East Tennessee, 516; visits Knoxville, 525; wants Longstreet driven from Tennessee, 531; urges General Foster to the offensive, 532; despatches of, to Generals Halleck, Thomas, and Schofield, on plans to drive Longstreet from Tennessee, 534-536; finds Longstreet too far from his line of operations to properly engage against, 538; assigned as commander-in-chief, 543; with Army of the Potomac, 552; had no general plan for campaign (May, 1864), 555; prepares for immediate battle (Wilderness), 556; orders Ninth Corps into battle, 561; plan of, for left attack in front of Richmond, 575, 576; letters to, from General Lee, on military peace convention, 585, 586; draws from East and West to strengthen combination against, 590 _et seq._ (_see_ Five Forks, battle of); gives up attack of Richmond by north side of James, 591; gives orders for grand move by his left, 592; number of troops in command of, 593; movement by left begun, 595; purpose of the latter, 596; orders concerted assault at Petersburg, 604; rides over captured works, 606; asks surrender of General Lee, 619; letter to, from General Lee, asking terms for surrender, 619; renews efforts to strike across head of Confederate march, 620; writes General Lee as to terms of surrender, 621, 622; letter to, from General Lee, proposing meeting, 622; arranges details of capitulation, 630; tribute to, 630; gives General Longstreet letter to President Johnson, 633; inaugurated President, 638; appoints Longstreet surveyor of customs at New Orleans, 638; General Lee on interview with, 649.

Grant, Mrs. Ulysses S., proposed meeting of, with Mrs. Longstreet to bring about peace, 584.

Grapevine Bridge. _See_ Mechanicsville.

Greene, General George S., at Gettysburg, 374.

Gregg, Fort (Petersburg), 606, 607.

Gregg, General D. McM., at Gettysburg, stubborn fight of, 396.

Gregg, General Maxcy, killed at Fredericksburg, 309; captured with part of command by Rosser and Mumford, 617.

Griffin, General, attack of, at Fredericksburg, 312.

Groves, Major R. E., at Chickamauga, 441.

Groveton, engagement at, between Jackson and Pope's troops, 175. _See_ Manassas, Second.

Gunboats, McClellan's facetious remark concerning, 151.

H.

Hagerstown, Confederates at, on retreat from Gettysburg, 427, 428.

Hall, Colonel Norman J., in command of troops attempting to cross river at Fredericksburg, 302; report of, 303.

Halleck, General Henry Wager, at West Point, 17; assumes command as general-in-chief of Federal armies, 153; thinks the capital in peril, 214; letter to, on affairs in Maryland, 214-216; Meade communicates purpose to, 349; suggests to Meade that Lee may turn his left, 360; sees opportunity for Confederate right at Gettysburg, 368; concern of, over Longstreet's presence in East Tennessee, 515, 516; despatch to, from General Grant, on Longstreet, 534-536; despatch of, to General Grant, 537; right in estimate of strategic importance of Longstreet's presence in Tennessee, 538.

Hampton Roads conference, 583.

Hampton, Wade, at Manassas, 48; wounded at Seven Pines, 98; at Crampton's Gap, 229; wounded at Gettysburg, 396; ordered to join Johnston in the Carolinas, 589.

Hancock, Winfield Scott, takes two redoubts at Williamsburg, 77; christened "The Superb," 80; takes command of Richardson's brigade at Antietam, 251; makes well-organized advance at Fredericksburg, 310; assumes Federal command under special assignment on field of Gettysburg (first day), 356; wounded in Pickett's charge, 394; on Meade's intentions on third day at Gettysburg, 398; in command of Second Corps, Army of the Potomac, 552; intrenches at night along front in Wilderness, 558; advance of, in morning, 560; movement against left of, by Longstreet, 562; on Longstreet's advance, 568.

Hardee, General, commissioned lieutenant-general, 290; offered and declines command of Army of Tennessee, 466; succeeds Cheatham in command of corps, 469.

Hardie, General, at Fredericksburg, 307.

Harper's Ferry, capture of, proposed by Lee, 201; plan for movement against, 202; description of, 207; situation at, 228; McLaws at, 231; Colonel Davis escapes from, 231; Colonel Miles' commandant of, mortally wounded, 232; surrendered by General White, 232; holding of, not of strategic value, 286; let alone in Gettysburg campaign, 287; abandoned by Federals, 339.

Harrison, Fort, captured by Federals, 575.

Harrison, scout, employed by Longstreet, 324; sent out with secret orders, 333; makes report, 346.

Harrison's Landing, McClellan's army at, 145.

Hartranft, General, at Campbell Station, 492, 520; at Fort Steadman, 594, 595.

Haskell, Colonel J. C., rides to recall General Lee from meeting General Grant at Appomattox, 626.

Hatton, General, killed at Seven Pines, 98.

Hayes, Rutherford B., wounded at South Mountain, 223.

Hays, General H. T., at Gettysburg, 374.

Hazlett, Captain, battery of, on Little Round Top, 371; killed, 372.

Heintzelman, General, in command of left wing on Chickahominy, 84; report of, on Frayser's Farm fight, 135.

Helm, General Benjamin H., killed at Chickamauga, 446.

Heth, General, at Wilderness, 556, 558, 560; on failure to intrench, 565; at Petersburg, 605, 609; at Farmville, 617.

Hill, Lieutenant-General A. P., promoted major-general, 85; at Mechanicsville, 123 _et seq._; at Gaines's Mill, 126; intercepts orders of General Pope, 172; at Harper's Ferry, 231; arrives from Harper's Ferry in time to assist at Sharpsburg, 261; makes strong battle against Burnside, 262; at Shepherdstown, 264; tactical moves by, at Antietam, 266; appointed to command of Third Corps, 332; marches towards Gettysburg, 350, 353; in fight, 355, 356; in retreat from Gettysburg, 431; in command of Third Corps on Rapidan (1864), 553; death of, at Petersburg, 605.

Hill, General D. H., at Williamsburg, 74; asks permission to attack Hancock's redoubts, 77; the movement made with heavy loss, 78; humor of, 113; letter to Longstreet denying proposed abandonment of Richmond when Lee took command, 115, 116; in conference with Lee on attacking McClellan, 121; at Mechanicsville, 124; at Gaines's Mill, 126; at South Mountain, 221, 222, 224; explains to General Lee the situation at South Mountain, 227; at Sharpsburg, 241, 242, 251, 253; horse shot under, by a cannon-ball, 254; "like a game-cock" at Sharpsburg, 266; record of, 332 (note); at Chickamauga, in right wing, 441; opens battle by front assault, 445; urges change of tactics, 455; writes petition for relief from Bragg, 465; gives President Davis opinion adverse to Bragg, 466; relieved of duty, 469.

Hindman, General T. C., in left wing at Chickamauga, 439; advance of, 448; relieved under charges by Bragg, 465.

Hoke, General, in front of Richmond, 574, 575; in affair on Williamsburg road, 577; sent to Wilmington, 580.

Holmes, General, on fight at Frayser's Farm, 137; commissioned lieutenant-general, 290.

Hood, General J. B., at Gaines's Mill, 128, 129; report on fight at Frayser's Farm, 137; advance of, at Turkey Bridge, 139; at Second Manassas, 188, 189; at South Mountain, 222; at Sharpsburg, 242, 266; at Fredericksburg, 306, 317; march of, from Chambersburg to Gettysburg, 361; reports on advantage of move to the right (Gettysburg, second day), 367; renews appeal, 368; seriously wounded, 370; division of, in third day's fight (Gettysburg), 393, 396; in retreat from Gettysburg, 431; division of, starts for Tennessee, 437; arrival at Chickamauga, 439; brigades of, in left wing, 439, 440; leads advance, 447; wounding of, 448; successor for, considered, 467; division of, in engagement on Little Tennessee, 490; supersedes Johnston in command of Army of Georgia, 572; army of, reduced to a skeleton, 581.

Hooker, General Joseph, at Williamsburg, 73, 75; at Frayser's Farm, 138; engagement of, with Ewell at Bristoe Station, 170; at South Mountain, 223; at Antietam, 241; heavy loss in troops of, 243; wounding of, 245; given command of Centre Grand Division, Army of the Potomac, under Burnside, 292; arrives at Hartwood, near Fredericksburg, 297; marches for fords of the upper Rappahannock, 326; at Chancellorsville, 328, 329; discovers abandonment of Fredericksburg by Confederates, 337; succeeded by Meade, 348; in Tennessee, 474.

Hoskiss, Major J., on capture of Early's command, 591.

Hotchkiss, Major T. R., at Chickamauga, 441.

Howard, General O. O., at Fredericksburg, 310; approach to Gettysburg, 355; retreats to Cemetery Hill, 356; forms new lines after retreat, 357.

Howell, Captain E. P., at Chickamauga, 441.

Huger, General, Johnston's orders to, for Seven Pines, 89.

Humphreys, Major-General A. A., desperate attack by, at Fredericksburg, 312; account by, of fight before the stone wall, 313; at Gettysburg, 367, 373; at Chickamauga, 440; spirited advance of, 448; in assault of Fort Sanders, 505; honorably mentioned, 520; as chief of staff gives strength of Army of the Potomac, 1864, 552; quoted on affair on Williamsburg road, 578; at Fort Steadman, 595; at Petersburg, 606; in pursuit of Confederates, 611; in engagement at Rice's Station, 614.

Hunt, General, at Fredericksburg, 302.

Hunter, Colonel David, wounded at Manassas, 46.

Hunter, Hon. R. M. T., 583.

Hunton, General, capture of, 614.

I.

Imboden's cavalry, halt of, at Hancock vexes General Lee, 359.

Impressment of gold, urged by Longstreet, 588, 641, 646; of men, urged by Longstreet, 644.

J.

Jackson, Lieutenant-General Thomas Jonathan, at Manassas, 46; christened "Stonewall," 49; order to, from General Lee, June 11, 1862, for movement against McClellan, 114; reinforced by Lawton and Whiting for that purpose, 115; in conference with Lee and Longstreet, June, 1862, 121; lateness of, at Mechanicsville, 123; at Gaines's Mill, 126; encounters Franklin at White Oak Swamp, 133; ordered to follow McClellan's retreat from Malvern Hill, 146; fails to support Magruder, 149, 150; engages with Pope's forces at Slaughter Mountain, 156, 157; move of, on Manassas Junction, 167, 168; engages King's division at Groveton, 175, 177; sustains attack at Manassas, 180, 182; in heavy battle with Fitz-John Porter, 187; some characteristics of, 191, 192; hard pressed by Stevens at Chantilly, 193; comment on move of, to Manassas Junction, 197, 198; ordered by Lee to move against Harper's Ferry, 202, 231, 232; leaves Harper's Ferry to rejoin Lee, 233; arrives on field of Sharpsburg, 236; division of, receives attack of Hooker at Sharpsburg, 241; withdraws, 242; ordered by General Lee to turn Federal right, 257; commissioned lieutenant-general, 290; called by Lee towards Fredericksburg, 299, 309; loses opportunity for advance, 313; severely wounded at Chancellorsville, 328; death of, 332; comment on, at Sharpsburg, 401 (note); comment on, in Chickahominy campaign, 406; at Second Manassas, 407.

James River, Confederate troops on, in April, 1862, 67; McClellan changes base to, from the Chickahominy, 132; Longstreet assigned to command north of, 574.

Jenkins, General Micah, at Seven Pines, 95, 100; at Frayser's Farm, 135; at Fredericksburg, 311; ordered to Chambersburg with cavalry brigade, 340; brigade of, transferred to Hood's division and goes to Tennessee, 437; joins Hood's division after battle of Chickamauga, 462; Longstreet urges appointment of, to command of Hood's division, 467; engages in attack on Hooker's rear-guard, 475-477; at Lenoir's Station, 491; at Campbell's Station, 494; before Knoxville, 495; at Dandridge, 526; ordered to Strawberry Plains, 531; ordered to bridge the Holston River, 538; takes part in flank move, 563, and riding with Longstreet expresses high hopes, 563; mortally wounded, 564; tribute to, 566.

Jetersville, Confederates halted at, 610.

Johnson, General Bushrod R., at Chickamauga, 439; before Snodgrass Hill, 450; in assault on Fort Sanders, 505; severely engages Federals at Cumberland Gap, 513; honorable mention of, for march to Bean Station, 519; in affair near Dandridge, 532; at Five Forks, 596, 597; division of, mostly escapes in retreat from Petersburg, 614.

Johnson, Major-General Edward, advance at Gettysburg (evening of second day), 374, 387.

Johnson, President, letter to, from General Grant on Longstreet, 633, 634; reconstruction policy of, 635.

Johnson, General R. W., at Chickamauga, 442.

Johnston, General Joseph Eggleston, position of, before Manassas, 35, 41, 43; forces arrive at Manassas, 44; on field, 49; called to Richmond for council with War Department, 65; at Williamsburg, 79; compliment of, to Longstreet, 80; prepares to attack McClellan before McDowell can reach him, 85; calls council before Seven Pines, 85, 86; orders to Generals Smith and Huger, 89; orders troops to sleep on their lines, 100; wounded at close of Seven Pines, 100; high regard for, in army, 112; President Davis jealous of, 432; plan for campaign of, suggested by General Bragg, 545; superseded by Hood, 572; Longstreet asks for recall of, to service, 588; assigned to command in the Carolinas, 589.

Jones, General D. R., at Savage Station, 132; at Antietam, 260; overcome by the killing of his brother-in-law, Colonel Kingsbury, 262.

Jones, General J. M., at Gettysburg, 374; in opening of Wilderness, 558.

Jones, General J. R., wounded at Sharpsburg, 243.

Jones, General Samuel, raid against, at Salem, by General Averill, 521, 522.

Jones, General W. E., sent to arrest Union advance at Cumberland Gap, 503; fights engagement at Walker's Ford, 508; brilliant achievement of, at Cumberland Gap, 522, 523.

K.

Kearny, General Philip, at Williamsburg, 75; at Seven Pines, 96; report of, on battle, 99; report of, on fight at Frayser's Farm, 137; orders to, from Pope, on eve of Manassas (Second), 178; opens against Jackson's left at Manassas, 182; at Chantilly, 193; killed, 194.

Kemper, General, wounded in Pickett's charge, 394.

Kershaw, General, at Elk Ridge, 208; at Sharpsburg, 245; at Gettysburg (opening of second day), 370; at Chickamauga, 440; charge of, 448; at Cumberland Gap, 513; honorably mentioned, 519; in Wilderness, 563, 564; with Early in the Valley, 579; crosses a fired bridge at Richmond, 609; surrenders at Rice's Station, 614.

Keyes, General E. D., on battle of Seven Pines, 110.

Kilpatrick, General J., at Gettysburg, 395, 396; follows Confederate retreat, 427, 428, 430.

Kingsbury, Colonel, killed at Burnside's Bridge (Antietam), 259; killing of, overcomes General D. R. Jones, his brother-in-law, 262.

Knoxville, siege of, description of town and Federal works, 495; a gallant dash repulsed, 497; Federal positions, 498, 499; Fort Loudon (or Sanders) described, 499; McLaws ordered to assault fort, 500; General Bushrod R. Johnson marches to reinforce Longstreet, 501; McLaws's orders to his command for assault of Fort Sanders, 503; McLaws urges delay because of Bragg's reported defeat, 504; Longstreet's answer thereto, 504, 505; the assault made, 505, 506; troops recalled under a misconception, 506, 507; Bragg orders Longstreet to co-operate with his army, 507; losses in, 508.

L.

Lamb, Colonel, wounded at Fort Fisher, 582.

Lane, General, at Fredericksburg, 309; succeeds Pickett in command of charge at Gettysburg, 394.

Latane, Captain, killed on Stuart's raid, 118.

Latrobe, Colonel, at Fredericksburg, 316.

Law, General E. M., march of, to Gettysburg, 365; succeeds to command of Hood's division at Gettysburg, 370; in Chattanooga campaign, 464; claims of, for promotion, urged by President Davis, 467; takes part in night attack on Hooker's rear-guard, 476, 477; order for preferring charges against, 477; late report on Federal retreat from Lenoir's Station, 491 (note); at Campbell's Station, 494; charge against, that he withheld attack improperly, 495; slow march of, 514; resigns under privilege, 519; action of President Davis towards, 548; rearrest ordered by General Longstreet, 549.

Lawton, General, ordered by Lee to reinforce Jackson, 115; wounded at Sharpsburg, 243.

Leadbetter, General, makes reconnoissance at Knoxville, 501; favors attack of Fort Sanders, 502; adds postscript to General Longstreet's letter urging determined assault of Fort Sanders, 505.

Lee, General Fitzhugh, left in command of cavalry by Stuart, 160; failure to comply with instructions, 160; consequences of that failure, 196; attacked by Pleasonton at South Mountain, 229; on General R. E. Lee at Gettysburg, 401; on Longstreet, 405; charges that Longstreet lost his way in Wilderness, 568, 569; recalled to join Longstreet at Richmond, 591; at Five Forks, 597, 598; in retreat from Petersburg, 610.

Lee, General G. W. C., on Longstreet at Wilderness, 569; at Five Forks, 596; at Rice's Station, 613, 614.

Lee, General Robert E., assigned to command at Seven Pines, 109; impression of, in the army, 112, 113; established in confidence, 114; plans simultaneous attack on front and rear of McClellan, 115; adopts suggestion of Longstreet making change in plans against McClellan, 120; orders Longstreet's reserve into action at Gaines's Mill, 127; at Frayser's Farm with President Davis, 134; abandons his original plan at Malvern Hill, 144; campaign of, against McClellan reviewed, 147 _et seq._; momentary facetiousness, 149; letter of, to General Magruder, 150; original plan for pursuit of McClellan, 152; enjoys increased esteem of his army, 158; plans of, for striking Pope, 159; witnesses retreat of Pope, 162; on field of Manassas, 181, 182; decides to cross Bull Run and reach Pope's rear, 186; joins Longstreet on field and rides under fire, 189; injury to, in stampede, 192; letters of, to General Pope on killing of Kearny, 194; decides to enter Maryland, 200; orders of, for Maryland campaign, 203; address of, to people of Maryland, 280; letter of, to Jefferson Davis, suggesting peace proposition, 204; celebrated "lost order" of, 203, 212, 213; receives information of Federal advance at South Mountain, 219; prefers stand at Turner's Pass, 220; orders withdrawal of troops from South Mountain, 228; with Longstreet and Hill on field at Sharpsburg, 254; orders flank move by Jackson, 257; sends for brigades left at Harper's Ferry, 261; calls Longstreet his old war-horse, 262; in contempt of Federal army disperses forces, 284; description of, 285; reorganizes army of Northern Virginia, 290; on retirement of McClellan, 291; advice of, to citizens of Fredericksburg, 299; orders of, at opening of battle, 308; narrowly escapes death or injury from a shell, 312; goes to Richmond, 317; orders Longstreet to return from Suffolk, 326; grief of, over loss of Stonewall Jackson, 328; his conduct of battle of Chancellorsville, 329; falls on plan of Northern invasion, 331; plans of, for Gettysburg, 335, 336; caution of, in revealing plans to Richmond authorities, 336, 337; orders of, to cavalry chief, 341; issues orders for march of army to Harrisburg, 344; refuses to credit information of Scout Harrison, 347; changes direction of march, 348; order for concentration at Cashtown, 348, 351; mind disturbed by absence of cavalry, 351; calls Longstreet to ride with him towards Gettysburg, 351; expresses regret at absence of cavalry, 357; on field of Gettysburg at close of first day, 357; had not intended delivering general battle, 358; gives discretionary order for Second Corps to attack Cemetery Hill, 359; official report of, on first day's battle, 359 (note); settles on making the opening (second day) by his right, 365; alleged order of, to Longstreet for battle at sunrise, 377 _et seq._; excitement of, 384; on battle of Gettysburg, third day, 385; plans of, 386; claimed attack was not made early enough, 388; on the field with the right, 395; official report of, on Longstreet's battle on the right, 397; acknowledges fault at Gettysburg, 399, 400; comments upon, 400, 401; on field and responsible for Gettysburg, 402, 405; review of campaigns of, 406; review of orders of, for Gettysburg, 407 _et seq._; "harder to move than his lieutenant," 409; in the retreat from Gettysburg, 429, 430; desires retirement, 432; Longstreet mentions westward movement to, 434; goes to Richmond, 434; letter from, to Longstreet, 435; letter to, from Longstreet, 435; parting with Longstreet, 437; letter from, to Longstreet, 469, 470 (note); favors sending Pickett's division to Longstreet, 539; Longstreet's suggestion to, of plans for continuance of war, 544; goes to Richmond to confer with authorities, 544; suppressed excitement of, in council with Richmond authorities, 546; becomes impatient in Longstreet-Law affair, 549; compared with General Grant, 554; gives orders against general engagement, 558; endeavors to lead a brigade in charge, 560; assumes command on field after Longstreet is wounded, 565; delays advance, 565, 567; alleged saying of, concerning Longstreet, 569; hard labors of, 573; becomes anxious about line on north side of the James, 579; hears from Longstreet proposition of General Ord for peace meeting, 584; letters of, to General Grant on military peace convention, 585, 586; reply to, from General Grant, 587; consents to sortie against Fort Steadman, 592; strength of, for defence of Richmond, 593, 594; endeavors to anticipate Grant's move around his right, 596; at Petersburg, 604, 605; gives orders for retreat, 608; at Jetersville, 610; realizes fulness of disaster at Rice's Station and Sailor's Creek, 614, 615; at Farmville, 616; urged by officers to negotiate for surrender, 618; letter to, from General Grant, asking surrender, 619; replies to, asking terms, 619; letter to, from General Grant, stating terms of surrender, 621; writes General Grant, proposing meeting, 622; gives orders for advance to Appomattox Court-House, 623; still hopes to break through the Federal cordon, 624; confers with Longstreet and Mahone, 624, 625; rides to meet General Grant, 625, 626, 628; sympathy for, of troops, 629; letter of, to General R. H. Anderson, 639; letter of, to General Longstreet, congratulating him on convalescence, 639; letter to, from Longstreet, 640; letter to, from Longstreet, on impressment of gold, 641; letter from, to Longstreet, 642; letter to, from Longstreet, on impressment of men, 644; letter from, to Longstreet, 645; letter to, from Longstreet, on impressment of gold, 646; letter to, from Longstreet, on interview with General Ord, 647; letter to, from Longstreet, on exchange of prisoners, 648; letter of, to Longstreet, on interview with General Grant, 649; letter to, from Longstreet, on use of gold, 649; letter to, from Longstreet, on guarding Danville Railroad, 650; letter to, from Longstreet, on Sheridan's operations, 652; letter of, to Longstreet, on proposed history, 654; letter of, to Longstreet, suggesting preparation of memoirs, 656; letter to, from Longstreet, on battle of Gaines's Mill, 656; letter of, to Longstreet, on prospects, etc., 657.

Lee, Lieutenant-Colonel S. D., at Sharpsburg, 243.

Lee, General W. H. F., at Five Forks, 596, 597, 598; in engagement at Jetersville, 610.

Leesburg, Confederate army at, on the way to Maryland, 201.

Lenoir's Station, Federal retreat at, 491.

Letters. _See_ Lee, Longstreet, Grant, etc.

Lewinsville, J. E. B. Stuart disperses Federals at, 60.

Liddell, General, at Chickamauga, 441, 446.

Lincoln, President, telegrams from, on Lee in Maryland, 209; letter to, from McClellan, on prospect in Maryland, 214; issues emancipation proclamation, 288, 289; General Burnside submits plans to, 292; humorous advice of, to Hooker, 329; position in Hampton Roads conference, 583; desire attributed to, for devising means for payment of slaves, 585.

Long, General A. L., letter of, to General Longstreet, on order for "battle at sunrise" (Gettysburg), 380 (note); gives account of appeal of Lee's officers for surrender, 618; on interview of Generals Lee and Pendleton about surrender, 620.

Longstreet, Lieutenant-General James, birth of, 13; appointed to West Point, 15; assigned to duty as brevet lieutenant at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, 16; goes to Louisiana, 18; to Florida, 18; assigned lieutenant, 18; goes to Corpus Christi, 19; at Palo Alto, 25; at Resaca de la Palma, 27, 28; at outbreak of civil war, 29; leaves Albuquerque, 30; arrives at Richmond, 32; appointed brigadier-general, 33; reports to Beauregard at Manassas Junction, 33; stays retreat at Blackburn's Ford, 39; advance of, at Manassas, 44; orders batteries to fire on Federal retreat, 52; criticism of, on McDowell, 54; on Tyler's reconnoissance, 55; on Beauregard, 56; invited to dine with the enemy, 60; promoted major-general, 61; marches to Culpeper Court-House, 65; meets President Davis and General Lee in war council at Richmond, 66; on McClellan, 66; at Williamsburg, 72, 74; opposes attack on Hancock's redoubts, 77; estimates forces engaged at Williamsburg, 79; Johnston's testimonial to, 80; in command of right wing from James River to White Oak Swamp, 81; to strike against Federal right at Seven Pines, 85; in council with Johnston, 86; ordered to Williamsburg road, 86; tactical handling there left to him, 88; complaint against, by General Smith, 90; endeavors to harmonize with Huger, 92; his battle on the Williamsburg road, 96; plans for resuming battle of Seven Pines at daylight, 103; asks for reinforcements and a diversion, 108; makes appeal for ten thousand men to renew fight at Seven Pines, 109; meets General Lee, 112; suggests to Lee movement against McClellan's right flank, 114; letter to, from D. H. Hill, 115, 116; suggestion of, for method of attack on McClellan adopted by Lee, 120; in conference with Lee and others, 121; at Mechanicsville, 124; puts his reserve into action at Gaines's Mill, 127 _et seq._; encounters main force of McClellan at Frayser's Farm, 133; on the field with President Davis and General Lee, 134; at Malvern Hill, 142, 145; review by, of campaign, 147; ordered to Gordonsville with ten brigades, 158; proposes move against Pope's right, 159; rides with Lee to Clarke's Mountain, 161; orders arrest of Toombs, 161, and release of, 166; reaches Thoroughfare Gap, _en route_ for Manassas, 173; arrival on field of Manassas, 180; makes reconnoissance and reports against attack, 182; right flank of, ordered attacked by Porter, 184; orders batteries to attack Porter, for Jackson's relief, 187; arrives on field of Chantilly, 194; objects to movement against Harper's Ferry, 201, 202; orders to, for Maryland campaign, 203; march of, 206; expresses to General Lee preference for concentration at Antietam rather than at Turner's Pass, 219; at South Mountain, 222; estimate of troops of, at South Mountain, 226; position of, in the line, preparatory to battle of Sharpsburg, 234; advance against his left by Hooker, 236; troops of, enter fight, 242; sustains strong attack of General Richardson, 249; ride of, with General Lee and D. H. Hill on field of Sharpsburg, 254; orders McLaws and Walker to prepare to assault, 256; called by General Lee his "old war-horse," 262; criticism of, on Maryland campaign, 279 _et seq._; commissioned lieutenant-general, 290; marches to Culpeper Court-House, 291; marches for Fredericksburg, 293; on the heights, 293; position of troops of, at Fredericksburg, 305; views his lines preparatory to battle, 306; differs with General Jackson as to the enemy's purpose, 323; covers route to Richmond, 323; ordered to south side of James River, 324; employs one Harrison as scout, 324; ordered to rejoin Lee, 326; criticism of, on battle of Chancellorsville, 329, 330; proposes measures to General Lee for relief of Vicksburg, 331; urges that campaign in Pennsylvania should be one of defensive tactics, 331; sends Scout Harrison out with secret orders, 333; takes up march for Gettysburg, 337; directions to Stuart for movement of cavalry, 342; orders treated with contumely, 343; entertains Colonel Fremantle, 343; Harrison, the scout, reports to, 346; suggests, on information received, change of march eastward, 347; rides with General Lee towards Gettysburg, 351; proposes to General Lee move around the Federal left, 358; orders columns of First Corps hurried forward for battle, 359; advances with command, 366; rides with Wofford's brigade into fight at Little Round Top, 372; losses of (on second day), 373, 376, 377; alleged order to, for "battle at sunrise," 377 _et seq._; letter to, from Colonel Taylor, 379; letter to, from Colonel Venable, 379; letter to, from General Long, 380; letter to, from Charles Marshall, 380; letter to, from Colonel Fairfax, 380, 381; letter to, from J. S. D. Cullen, 383, 384; losses of, on third day, 385 _et seq._; sends scouts to find way for striking the enemy's left, 385; interview with General Lee, 386; did not believe in attack as made, 388; carefully prepares for making assault, 389, 390; not advised of failure of Confederate left, 392; rides to batteries, 395; testimony to claims of, at Gettysburg, 400; Fitzhugh Lee upon, 403; Franco-German war affords parallel for suggestion of, for move around Federal left, 404; refutation of the statement that he was "hard to move," 405 _et seq._; _résumé_ of action of, at Gettysburg, 407 _et seq._; in the retreat from Gettysburg, 429, 430; urges on Secretary of War Seddon a westward movement, 433, 434; mentions the matter to General Lee, 434; letter to, from General Lee, 435; letter from, to General Lee, 435; transportation ordered for movement of, to Tennessee, 436; route of, on westward movement, 436, 437; parting with Lee, 437; reaches General Bragg's head-quarters, 438; placed in command of General Bragg's left wing, 439; orders to division commanders of, from General Bragg, 447; orders Hood's division to assault, 447; rides with General Buckner and comes under fire of the enemy, 450; lunches on the field, 451; reports to General Bragg on battle of Chickamauga, and urges pursuit of enemy, 461; gives opinion to President Davis against Bragg, 465; declines assignment to command of Army of Tennessee, 466; offers resignation to President, who declines it, 467; urges appointment of General Micah Jenkins to command of Hood's division, 467; suggests change of base to Rome, Georgia, 468; letter to, from General Lee, 469, 470 (note); calls a signal force from Virginia to Tennessee, 471; defends position, 472, 473; arranges night attack on Hooker's rear-guard, 475, 476; reviews effects and possibilities of Western move, 478, 479; ordered on campaign in East Tennessee, 480, 481; organization of command of, 482; letter of, to General Buckner on East Tennessee campaign, 484, 485; troops of, on short rations, 486; orders of, to General Wheeler, 487; command of, in engagement on Little Tennessee, 490; orders McLaws to assault fort at Knoxville, 500; reinforced by General Bushrod R. Johnson, 501; ordered by Bragg to attack Knoxville, 501; orders of, to McLaws for assault of Fort Sanders, 502; letter to, from McLaws, urging delay in attack on Fort Sanders, 504; answer of, thereto, 504; recalls troops and gives reasons for, 505-507; ordered by Bragg to co-operate with his army after defeat at Chattanooga, 507; finds conformance to order impracticable, 509; marches up the Holston Valley, 511; presence of, in East Tennessee causes concern to Lincoln, 515, and to Grant, 516; orders relief of General McLaws, 518; makes honorable mention of officers, 520; renews effort to be relieved from service, 524; marches to Dandridge, 526; enters Dandridge and drinks to General Gordon Granger, 529; General Grant gives orders that he be driven from Tennessee, 531; Foster ordered to offensive against, 532; despatches concerning, from General Grant to Generals Halleck, Thomas, and Schofield, 535-537; orders concentration of forces, 538; asks for ten thousand additional troops, 539; purpose of, in latter part of campaign, 539; on campaign in the far South, 540; withdrawal of command eastward made necessary, 540; asked by Richmond authorities for suggestions, 543; ideas of, on prosecution of the war, 544; goes to Virginia and submits plans to General Lee, 544; criticism of, on Bragg before Richmond authorities, 546; visits wife at Petersburg, 546; returns to Tennessee, 547; rejoins General Lee on the Rapidan, 547; receives vote of thanks in Congress, 550; in command of First Corps on the Rapidan (1864), 553; takes short route of march to field of battle (Wilderness), 556, 557, 559; troops of, form under fire, 560; repulses Hancock, 561; makes flanking movement on Hancock's left, 562; rides with flanking party, 563; severely wounded, 564; borne to the rear, 566; Northern historian and General Hancock on advance of, 568; Fitzhugh Lee upon, 568; letter to, from Colonel Taylor on controversy as to guide at Wilderness, 569; letter to, from General Alexander on same subject, 570, 571; letter to, from Colonel Venable on same, 571; absent on leave, 572; again at front, and meets General Lee, 573; letter of, to Colonel Taylor, 574; assigned to command on north side of James River, 574; orders roads broken with ploughs, 580; puts stop to picket-firing, 581; meets General E. O. C. Ord and hears proposition for peace convention, 583, 584; disclaims authority to speak on, 584; communicates proposition for meeting, to General Lee, 584; advocates impressment of gold and men, 588; starts in pursuit of Sheridan, 592; visits General Lee at Petersburg, 604; receives A. P. Hill's corps as part of his command, 608; on retreat from Richmond, 609; marches for Farmville, pressed by the enemy, 610; saves High Bridge, 612; crosses Appomattox at Farmville, 615; not among those of Lee's officers who urged surrender, 618; says "not yet" in regard to surrender, 619; refuses to bear to General Lee report of officers favoring surrender, 620; calls for interview with General Lee, 624; endeavors to recall General Lee from ride to General Grant, 626; forms last line of battle, 626; refuses to surrender to General Custer, 627; meets General Grant, 630; formally surrenders command, 630, 631; visits Washington, 632; calls on General Grant, 633; receives letter to President Johnson, 633; interview of, with the President, 634; is relieved from political disabilities, 634; engages in business in New Orleans, 634, 635; favors holding States under the President's reconstruction policy, 635; letter of, on the subject to J. M. G. Parker, Esq., 636, 637; attacked by New Orleans press, 637; appointed surveyor of customs, 638; tribute of, to his old nurse, 638; letter to, from General Lee, congratulating on convalescence, 639; letter from, to General Lee, 640; letter of, to General Lee, on impressment of gold, 641; letter to, from General Lee, on policy of campaign, 642; letter of, to General Lee, on impressment of men, 644; letter to, from General Lee, 645; letter of, to General Lee, on impressment of gold, 646; letter of, to General Lee, on "peace" interview with General Ord, 647; letter of, to General Lee, on exchange of political prisoners, 648; letter to, from General Lee, on interview with General Grant, 649; letter of, to General Lee, urging use of gold, 649; letter of, to General Lee, on guarding Danville Railroad, 650; letter of, to A. A. General Taylor, on suppression of desertion, 651; letter of, to General Lee, on Sheridan's operations, 652; letter of, to General Taylor, on policy towards new organizations, 653; letter to, from General Lee, on proposed history, 654; letter of congratulation from General Lee, 655; letter to, from General Lee, suggesting preparation of memoirs, 655; letter of, to General Lee, on battle of Gaines's Mill, 656; letter to, from General Lee, on prospects, etc., 657.

Longstreet, Mrs. James, proposed meeting with Mrs. Grant to bring about peace, 584; in church at Richmond, hears news of defeat at Petersburg, 607.

Longstreet, Owen & Co., letter to, from General Lee, 655.

Longstreet, Richard, settles in America, 13.

Longstreet, Robert Lee (son of General Longstreet), birth of, 546.

Longstreet, William, applies steam to navigation, 1787, 14; letter to Governor Telfair, 14.

Lookout Mountain, Confederates upon, 463; attack near, on Hooker's rear-guard, 476, 477.

Lost orders, Lee's to Stuart, captured by Pope, 160, 196; Lee's "General Order No. 191," in Maryland campaign, 203, 212, 282, 283.

Loudon, Fort. _See_ Sanders, Fort.

Lubbock, Colonel, 48.

Lyle, Captain, in affair on Williamsburg road, 578.

M.

McCall, General John A., joins Army of Potomac, 122; at Mechanicsville, 124; at Gaines's Mill, 126; report of, on Frayser's Farm, 136; captured at close of battle (Frayser's Farm), 138; his tenacity of battle, 139.

McClellan, General George B., 61; called "the young Napoleon," 63; delay in marching against Johnston at Centreville, 64; concentrates army on the James River, 65; President Davis's high opinion of, 66; not on field of Williamsburg until late in the day, 80; at White House, 82; organizes two provisional army corps, 82; orders troops withdrawn from Mechanicsville, 125; orders change of base to James River, 132; main force of, encounters Longstreet at Frayser's Farm, 133; masterly retreat of, 132-140, 151; strength of his position at Malvern Hill, 141; shows himself well equipped in science of war, 151; on a gunboat on the James, 151; reaches Alexandria, 171; marches in slow pursuit of Lee in Maryland, 208; report of, on march, 209; receives Lee's "lost order," 213; writes President Lincoln of prospects in Maryland, 214; writes General Halleck on same, 214-216; "makes haste slowly" after receiving the "lost order," 216; orders for advance of commands, 217; prisoners claimed by, at South Mountain, 225; army of, in position at Antietam, 234; on field with Hooker, 237; disapproves of attack by Franklin, 257; orders Burnside to take bridge over Antietam, 258; neither plan nor execution of, strong at Antietam, 267; letter to, from Governor Curtin, 282; slow march of, after Lee in Maryland, 282; his position at opening of Maryland campaign, 284, 285; opinion of, against holding Harper's Ferry, 286; description of, 285; compared and contrasted with Lee, 285; crosses the Potomac, south of the Blue Ridge, 290; relieved from command, 291.

McCook, General A. McD., at Chickamauga, 442; goes before court of inquiry, 465.

McCook, Colonel D., at Chickamauga, 442.

McDowell, General Irvin, at West Point, 16; in the field, 35; at Centreville, 37; plan for battle at Manassas, 43; pushes battle by artillery arm, 49; gallant effort of, to recover lost power, 50; criticism of, 54, 56; in command of Third Corps, Army of Virginia, 153; march of, to Manassas intercepted by Jackson, 176, 177; at Manassas, 190.

McElroy, Colonel, death of, 520.

McLaws, Major-General L., at Williamsburg, 70; at Seven Pines, 107, 108; march of, in Maryland campaign, 207, 208; orders from, at Crampton's Pass, 230; at Maryland Heights, 231; arrives at Sharpsburg, 244; brigades of, enter battle, 245, 247; losses of Lee's army in, 266; at Fredericksburg, 307 _et seq._; at Gettysburg, 370, 393, 396, 397; in retreat from Gettysburg, 431; brigades of, start with Longstreet's command for Tennessee, 437; two brigades of, arrive at Chickamauga, 439; but commander and other brigades too late, 440; finally joins Longstreet, 462; posts army in semicircle near Chattanooga, 463; engages in attack on Hooker's rear-guard, 476, 477; in engagement on Little Tennessee, 490; reaches Knoxville, 495; advance of, 497; ordered to assault of fort, 500; again ordered to assault, 502; orders of, to command for assault, 503; letter of, to General Longstreet, urging delay of assault, 504; letter to, from General Longstreet, 504; makes assault, 505, 506; relief of, ordered by General Longstreet, 518; inquires cause therefor, 518; is restored to duty, 548.

Magruder, Fort, at Williamsburg, 68; attack on, 73.

Magruder, General J. B., 66; reinforced by Huger and Early, 67; builds fortifications at Williamsburg, 68; engages with Sumner at Allen's Farm and Savage Station, 132.

Mahone, General William, in battle of Wilderness, 562; arrests advance of Hancock before Richmond, 576; at Petersburg, 606; describes General Lee's reception of disaster in retreat to Appomattox, 614, 615; fires High Bridge, 615; at Cumberland Church, 615; at Farmville, 617; in conference with General Lee at Appomattox, 625.

Malvern Hill, battle of, 141; positions of troops on field of, 141, 142; Confederates make poor use of artillery, 143; General Lee abandons his original plan, 144; battle begun by advance of the Confederate right, 144; Confederates repulsed, 144; Federals march to Harrison's Landing, 145; Jackson ordered to follow retreat, 146; casualties, 151.

Manassas (or Bull Run), first battle of, field chosen by Beauregard, 33; description of, 34; Beauregard's plan of battle, 36; McDowell's arrival, 35, 37; opening of battle, 38, 46; forces available, 41; McDowell's advance driven back, 46; Terry's and Lubbock's reconnoissance, 45, 48; fight assumes large proportions, 48; Jackson christened "Stonewall," 49; Beauregard in command on left, 49; Kirby Smith's forces arrive, 50; McDowell makes effort to recover lost power, 50; flight of Federals, 51; Longstreet's order to fire on retreat countermanded by General Bonham, 52; pursuit revoked, 53; losses, 53; criticism of McDowell, 54, 56; Tyler's reconnoissance, 55; Confederate battle-flag, 56; organization of forces, 57, 58.

Manassas (or Bull Run), second battle of, making ready for, 163 _et seq._; strength of confronting armies, 169; advance of Pope to, 170; Jackson first on the field, 171; Pope reaches the Junction, 172; first passage of arms on field, 172; Longstreet at Thoroughfare Gap, 173, 174; engagement at, 175, 176; Jackson attacks King's division at Groveton, 175, 176; Pope's orders to Porter, 178, 179; battle opened by Federals against Jackson's right, 180; positions of troops, 181; Kearny opens against Jackson's left, 182; Longstreet reports against attack, 182; Lee returns to first plan of battle, 183; Confederate advance anticipated by Federals, 184; Pope on his orders to Porter, 185; Pope mistakenly thinks Confederates retreating, 185, 186; Porter ordered against Jackson's front, 186; Longstreet orders batteries against Porter, 187; charge of Longstreet's troops, 187; Lee rides under fire, 189; action of United States regulars, 190; Federals retreat, 190; Jackson and Stuart ordered in pursuit, 191; forces engaged, and losses, 195; retreat covered by Sumner, 196; review of campaign, 196, 197.

Manassas Junction, Longstreet reports at, to Beauregard, 33; raid on, by Stuart and Trimble, 167; engagement at, 169.

Manning, Colonel P. T., wounded while lunching with Longstreet on field of Chickamauga, 451.

Mansfield, Major-General Joseph K. F., crosses the Antietam preparatory to battle, 237; mortally wounded at Antietam, 242.

Marshall, Colonel, letter of, to General Longstreet, on alleged order by General Lee for battle "at sunrise," 380 (note).

Martin, Major-General, 441; supersedes Wheeler in command of Confederate cavalry at Knoxville, 500; operations against Sturgis's cavalry, 522; in affair at Dandridge, 526, 527; in affair near Dandridge, 532; President Davis orders cavalry of, sent to Johnston, 539; leaves Longstreet for Georgia, 542.

Marye, Captain, at Manassas, 40.

Maryland campaign, the, 199 _et seq._ (_see_ Harper's Ferry, Sharpsburg, etc.); review of, 279 _et seq._

Mason, George T., killed on the Rio Grande, 23.

Matamoras, Taylor's army at, 22.

May, Charles, heroism of, at Resaca de la Palma, 28.

Meade, General George G., at South Mountain, 223-225; at Antietam, 241; handsome advance of, at Fredericksburg, 308, 309; succeeds Hooker in command of the Army of the Potomac, 348; wires General Halleck of plans, 349; suggestion to, by General Halleck that Lee may turn his left, 360; position of, on second day at Gettysburg, 363; recognizes and fears move by Confederate right, 368; holds council on night of second day, 376; not apprehensive of Lee's left, 389; attempts to bring his left against Longstreet's battle, 396; on suggestion of Longstreet to work towards his line of communications, 404; concentrates army at Warrenton, 432; before the battle of the Wilderness, 552; orders his troops into action, 559; at Petersburg, 608; follows retreat, 610, 611.

Mechanicsville, battle of, attack by A. P. Hill, 123, 124; losses of first day, 124; McClellan orders withdrawal, 125.

Memoirs of General Longstreet, suggested by General Lee, 655.

Merritt, General Wesley, Sheridan's chief of cavalry, 590, 598.

Mexican war, beginning of, 18; precipitated by movement to the Rio Grande, 21, 22; first hostilities, 23; Palo Alto, 25; Resaca de la Palma, 26.

Miles, Colonel Dixon H., mentioned by McClellan, 215; mortally wounded at Harper's Ferry, 232; orders to, from General Wool, 286.

Miles, General, at Petersburg, 608.

Miller, Captain, at Gettysburg, 395.

Mills, Colonel Roger Q., commands brigade at Chickamauga, 446.

Milroy, General, fights severe engagement with Ewell at Winchester, 339.

Minnegerode, Rev., pastor of church in Richmond, 607.

Mitchell, General R. B., at Chickamauga, 442.

Moore, Colonel, killed at Seven Pines, 99.

Morgan, General John T., in engagement on Little Tennessee River, 490; in affair near Dandridge, 532.

"Mud March," the, 323.

Mumford, General T. T., at Five Forks, 596, 597; ordered by Longstreet against Ord's bridge-burners, 612; at Cumberland Church, 615; captures part of Gregg's cavalry, 617; at Appomattox, 629.

N.

Naglee, General, at Burnside's Bridge (Antietam), 259.

Napoleon, quotation from, 405.

Negley, General, at Chickamauga, 442.

Negroes, Confederate Congress provides for enrolment of, as soldiers, 582; suffrage of, 636.

Nichols, General W. A., at Gettysburg, 374; extends hospitality to Longstreet, 632, 633.

North Carolina, Fifth Regiment, slaughter in ranks of, at Williamsburg, 78.

Nurse, the old, 638.

O.

Ord, General E. O. C., 62; meets General Longstreet, 583; proposes meeting of commanders in interest of peace, 584; called by General Grant to south side of the James, 595; following Confederate retreat from Petersburg, 610; orders burning of High Bridge, 611; at Appomattox, 623, 624; interview with, described by Longstreet, 647.

Orders, lost. _See_ Lost orders.

Owen, Edward, 635.

Owen, Miller, 635.

Owen, William, 635.

P.

Palmer, General J. M., at Chickamauga, 442.

Palo Alto, 24.

Parke, General John G., in command at Knoxville, 496; takes the field along the rear of Longstreet's march, 512; assumes command of Federals in field on march to Dandridge, 528; at Fort Steadman, 594, 595; at Petersburg, 605, 606.

Parker, J. M. G., letter to, from General Longstreet, 636, 637.

Patrick, General, at Antietam, 266; carries Sumner's demand for surrender of Fredericksburg to civil authorities and General Longstreet, 294; in attack, 309.

Patterson, Robert, opposing Johnston in the Valley, 42, 53.

Peace, propositions for, by General Lee, 204; to be secured because gold had gone up to 200, 317; talk of, 582; mission of Hon. Montgomery Blair, 583; proposition of General Ord to Longstreet for meeting of commanders in interest of, 583, 584; proposed meeting of wives of Generals Grant and Longstreet in interest of, 584; correspondence of Generals Lee and Grant, 585, 586; General Grant disclaims authority to act upon, 587; Longstreet on interview with General Ord, 547.

Pegram, Colonel, at Five Forks, 597; mortally wounded, 599.

Pegram, General, at Chickamauga, 441.

Pemberton, General, commissioned lieutenant-general, 290; with President Davis before Army of the Tennessee, 469; troops threaten mutiny when they hear Davis's purpose to assign him to command of Polk's corps, 470.

Pender, General, at Shepherdstown, 264; at Fredericksburg, 307; at Gettysburg, 354.

Pendleton, General, at Shepherdstown, 264; saw opportunity for the right at Gettysburg, 368; charges of, against First Corps, 377; delivers to General Lee opinion of officers favorable to surrender, 618; interview with General Lee on proposition for surrender, 620, 621.

Peninsula, the, 68.

Peninsular campaign (_see_ Chickahominy, Seven Pines, Mechanicsville, Gaines's Mill, Malvern Hill, etc.), losses in, 151.

Pennsylvania, invasion of, 331, 334. _See_ Gettysburg.

Perry, General, at Gettysburg, 371.

Petersburg, battle of, Confederates cross the James, 603; General Grant's concerted assault, 604; General Wright makes opening assault, 605; death of General A. P. Hill, 605; General Grant rides over captured works, 606; news of, received by President Davis in church at Richmond, 607; fierce assaults on Fort Gregg, 607; heavy losses at Fort Whitworth, 608; Lee gives orders for retreat, 608; Lee purposed to join Johnston in North Carolina, 610.

Pettigrew, General, wounded and captured at Seven Pines, 98; charge of, at Gettysburg, compared with those of Meade's divisions at Fredericksburg, 314; at Gettysburg, 352; position of, on third day (Gettysburg), 388; famous charge, 393; wounding of, 394; attacked by Kilpatrick in retreat from Gettysburg, 430.

Pickett, General George E., at Seven Pines, 108; at Gaines's Mill, 127, 128; at opening of Fredericksburg, 309; his charge at Gettysburg compared with that of Meade's division at Fredericksburg, 314; position of, on third day, 388; Alexander gives notice to, and Longstreet affirms order for advance of, 392; General Lee favors sending division of, to Longstreet, in Tennessee, 539; recalled, to join Longstreet, 591; ordered to join Lee at Petersburg, 592; opens battle of Five Forks, 596, 597; rides under fire to his command, 599; position at Five Forks not of his choosing, 600; generalship of, 601; reinforced too late, 599, 602; in engagement at Amazon Creek, 606; escapes capture at Rice's Station, 614.

Pleasonton, General Alfred, in Maryland campaign, 209, 210; pushes Confederate cavalry back from the Maryland mountains, 216; opens battle of South Mountain, 221; crosses bridge No. 2 (Antietam), 252; in command of cavalry division under Burnside's reorganization, 292; engages Stuart's cavalry at Brandy Station, 338; drives Stuart back to Ashby's Gap, 341.

Poe, Captain, constructs Federal earthworks at Knoxville, 496; report on work by citizens and contrabands, 500.

Political prisoners, General Lee upon exchange of, 586; General Grant upon, 587; Longstreet on exchange of, 648.

Polk, General Leonidas (Bishop), commissioned lieutenant-general, 290; in command of right wing at Chickamauga, 439; put under charges by General Bragg, 465.

Pope, Major-General John, in command of Army of Virginia, 153; displays bold front as a diversion, 154; injudicious orders of, 154; "General Orders No. 11," 155; his attitude towards non-combatants contrasted with Scott's in Mexico, 155, 156; engages with Jackson at Slaughter Mountain, 157; increases strength of his army, 159; captures one of Lee's orders and officers, 160; puts army in retreat across the Rappahannock, 160; head-quarters of, raided by Stuart, 165; forms plan to attack Lee, 166; concentrates Army of Virginia at Warrenton, 168; orders for advance and concentration at Manassas, 171; reaches Manassas Junction, 172; orders to Porter, 178, 179; orders for attack at Manassas, 180; orders Porter to attack Longstreet's right, 184; his report upon, 185; mistakenly supposes Confederates retreating, 185, 186; letter to, from General Lee, on death of Kearny, 194; criticism of, in Manassas campaign, 197.

Porter, Major-General Fitz-John, in command of Fifth Corps, 82; at Mechanicsville, 122; at Gaines's Mill, 126; at Malvern Hill, 141; ordered by Pope to Manassas, 171; march of, delayed, 171; Pope's orders to, for Manassas, 178; ordered to attack Longstreet's right flank, 184; receives order too late, 185; ordered to attack Jackson's front, 186; hard battle against, by Jackson and Longstreet, 187, 188; at Antietam, 234; ordered ready to enter battle, 252.

Porter, Theoderic, in theatricals on Mexican frontier, 20; killed on the Rio Grande, 23.

Potomac, Army of. _See_ Army of the Potomac.

Potter, General R. D., in East Tennessee campaign, 490, 492.

Powell, William H., report of, on Second Manassas, 190.

Preston, General William, at Chickamauga, 439, 450 (note); gains Snodgrass Hill, 455.

Provisional Army Corps, two organized by McClellan, 82.

R.

Rains, General, leaves percussion shells at Williamsburg, 79.

Ransom, General, at Fredericksburg, 309, 310, 313; at Five Forks, 596, 598; horse killed, 599.

Reed, General Theodore, mortally wounded in engagement at Cumberland Church, 615.

Regulars, United States, at First Manassas, 37, 51; at Second Manassas, 189, 190.

Reno, General Jesse, division of, joins Pope at Culpeper, 159; captures signal station, 161; killed at South Mountain, 223.

Resaca de la Palma, 26-28.

Retreats, the great (McClellan's), 132-152; from Gettysburg, 426 _et seq._

Reynolds, General John F., at Mechanicsville, 126; ordered to attack at Manassas (Second), 180; in command of right wing of Union army at Gettysburg, 353; death of, 354.

Reynolds, General, at Chickamauga, 441.

Rice's Station, 611; engagement at, 613, 614.

Richardson, General I. B., at Sharpsburg, 244, 247; brave advance of, against Confederate centre, 248, 250; occupies Piper House at Antietam, 251; mortally wounded, 251.

Richardson, Colonel John B., at Second Manassas, 188; at Sharpsburg, 258, 269; at Fredericksburg, 319; at Gettysburg, 411.

Richmond, apprehended advance on, 64; practicable routes to, 64; D. H. Hill's denial of reported proposed abandonment of, when Lee assumed command, 115, 116; Burnside's march for, 293; route to, covered by Longstreet after Fredericksburg battle, 323, 324; armies again in front of, 572 _et seq._ (_see_ Richmond, campaign of, in 1864); news of Petersburg received at, 607.

"Richmond authorities," forced to extremity, call for suggestions as to conduct of the war, 543; Lee and Longstreet confer with, 544. _See_ Richmond, campaign against.

Richmond, campaign against, in 1864, fall of General J. E. B. Stuart, 573; Longstreet assigned to command north of the James, 574; Confederate positions, 575; General Grant conceives plan for left attack, 575, 576; Mahone arrests advance of Hancock, 576; affair on the Williamsburg road, 576-578; closing scenes of (1864), 579; Sherman's movements come into remote bearing upon affairs around the capital, 580; Longstreet orders roads broken up with ploughs, 580; General Grant strengthens combination against Richmond, 590; General Grant orders a grand move by his left, 592; General Lee gives consent to sortie against Fort Steadman, 592; positions and strength of Federal army, 593; General Lee's strength, 593, 594; storming of Fort Steadman, 594; losses at Fort Steadman, 595; General Grant begins movement around the Confederate right, 595; General Lee endeavors to anticipate the movement, 596 (_see_ Five Forks, battle of, Petersburg, battle of, etc.); Longstreet in retreat marches for Farmville, 610; General Meade's pursuit, 610, 611; movements of Generals Ord and Longstreet, 611, 612; High Bridge saved by Longstreet, 612; engagement at Rice's Station, 613, 614; Confederate disaster, 614; General Lee's reception of the news described by General Mahone, 614, 615; engagement at Cumberland Church, 615; panic among Confederate teamsters at Farmville, 615; engagement at Farmville, 616, 617. _See_ Appomattox, surrender at.

Ridgely, Randolph, heroism of, at Resaca de la Palma, 27.

Ripley, General, wounded at Sharpsburg, 243.

Robertson, General J. B., in engagement at Lookout Valley, 476, 477; charges and specifications against, 517; sentenced to suspension, 548.

Robinson, James, Longstreet's guide in Wilderness, 548.

"Rock Brigade," at Chickamauga, 448; at Petersburg, 606.

Rodes, General R. E., takes Federal redoubt and battery at Seven Pines, 94; at South Mountain, 224; at Sharpsburg, 247; at Gettysburg, 355, 374.

Rosecrans, General W. S., threatening of, in Georgia, 433; understood Bragg's plan for Chickamauga, 439; rides along Union lines on eve of battle, 443; at Chattanooga, 463; reports condition of army deplorable, 470; superseded in command by General George H. Thomas, 472.

Rosser, Colonel, on the Rappahannock, 164, 218, 221; General, saves portion of Early's command and reports to Longstreet, 591; at Five Forks, 596; ordered by Longstreet against Ord's bridge-burners, 612; at Cumberland Church, 615; captures part of Gregg's cavalry, 617.

Ruff, Colonel, honorably mentioned, and death of, 520.

Ruger, General, opens against Ewell (Gettysburg, third day), 387, 388.

S.

Sailor's Creek, Confederate disaster at, 613-615.

St. John, Brigadier-General F. M., appointed commissary-general of subsistence, 583.

Sanders, Fort, assault on, by General McLaws, 505, 506.

Scales, General, wounded at Gettysburg, 389.

Scammon, Colonel, at Burnside's Bridge (Antietam), 259.

Schofield, General J. M., despatch to, from General Grant, on driving Longstreet out of Tennessee, 535, 536; despatch of, to General Thomas, 537.

Schurz, General Carl, at Gettysburg, 355.

Scott, General Winfield, 37; treatment of non-combatants in Mexican war, 156; advice of, as to "wayward sisters," 631.

Scout Harrison employed by Longstreet, 324; reports to Longstreet before Gettysburg, 346.

Seddon, Secretary of War, sends scouts to Longstreet, 324; Longstreet calls on, and makes proposition to, for Western movement, 327, 409; Western movement again urged on, by Longstreet, 433, 434.

Sedgwick, General, division of, leads Sumner's advance at Sharpsburg, 244, 245; encounters heavy fire, 246; in command of Sixth Corps, 552.

Semmes, General, at Gettysburg, 370; mortally wounded, 371.

Seven Days' Retreat, McClellan's, 132, 152.

Seven Pines (or Fair Oaks), battle of, 81; new line of defence, 81; McClellan advances to the Chickahominy, 82; preliminary affairs, 82; positions of the armies, 83, 84; Johnston seeks to strike McClellan before McDowell can reach him, 85; Johnston holds council, 85, 86; Longstreet ordered to Williamsburg road, 86; tactical handling there left to him, 88; terrific storm on eve of battle, 88; Johnston's orders for Generals Smith and Huger, 89; lack of harmony between Longstreet, Smith, and Huger, 90, 92; hour of opening battle, 93; Garland and the two Andersons strongly engage, 94; Rodes takes Federal redoubt and battery, 94; Longstreet's battle on the Williamsburg road, 96; McClellan orders Sumner's corps to the fight, 97; Sumner's reports quoted, 98; General Smith beaten, 98; General Johnston orders troops to sleep on their lines, 100; Johnston wounded, 100; summary of forces and losses, 101, 102; Longstreet plans for resuming battle at daylight, 103; the second day's battle, 105; General Smith holds a council, 107; Longstreet asks for reinforcements and a diversion, 108; Pickett's brave stand, 108; losses, 110; criticism on General Smith, 110, 111; the battle should not have been lost by the Confederates, 110; Keyes's corroboration, 110.

Seward, Secretary, 583.

Seymour, General, taken prisoner at Wilderness, 565.

Shaler, General, captured at Wilderness, 565.

Shannon, Lieutenant, at Chickamauga, 441.

Sharpsburg (or Antietam), battle of, preliminaries, 227 _et seq._; head of Lee's army reaches the Antietam, 233; Union army on the field, 234; McClellan makes reconnoissance, 234; description of the field, 235; Hooker advances against Longstreet, 236; Jackson arrives from Harper's Ferry, 236; General Mansfield crosses the Antietam, 237; the bloodiest single day of the war, 239; comparison with other battles, 240; battle opens, 241; fall of General Mansfield, 242; heavy losses in General Walker's, Hood's, and Hill's commands, 243; Federals in heavy columns cross the Antietam, 244; Sumner's advance, 245, 247; Richardson's march against the Confederate centre, 248; Longstreet's battle on the Hagerstown pike, 249; fall of G. B. Anderson, 249; Richardson mortally wounded, 251; attack against Confederate centre reduced to defensive, 252; Pleasonton crosses bridge No. 2, 252; his threatening demonstration checked, 253; D. H. Hill's horse shot under him, 254; Jackson ordered to turn Federal right, 257; McClellan's orders to Burnside to take bridge, 258; charge of Colonel Duryea, 259; advance against Longstreet's right, 260; arrival of General A. P. Hill, 261; Burnside's progress arrested, 262; meeting of Lee and Longstreet after close of battle, 262; Lee withdraws across the Potomac, 263 (_see_ Shepherdstown); strength of armies, 265; losses, 266; McClellan's plan and execution not strong, 267; Confederate troops engaged in, 267; Federal troops engaged in, 271; full significance of battle, 288; comments on Stonewall Jackson at, 401 (note).

Shepherdstown, Lee's army crosses Potomac at, 263; engagement at, 264, 265.

Sheridan, General P. H., at Chickamauga, 442; in command of Federals of Foster's army on march to Dandridge, 528; in fight at Yellow Tavern, 573; marches cavalry from the valley to join Sherman, 590; in battle of Five Forks, 596, 597, 598; at Petersburg, 606; at Appomattox, 622; Longstreet on operations of, 652.

Sherman, General William T., at West Point, 17; advance of, at Manassas, 48; marching on Chattanooga, 480; proposes to strike Hardee, 515; movements of, come into remote bearing upon matters around Richmond, 580; progressive movements of, 581.

Sickles, General Daniel, at Fredericksburg, 309; in affair at the Peach Orchard (Gettysburg), 366, 371; wounded, 371.

Sigel, General, in command of First Corps, Army of Virginia, 153; ordered by Pope to attack at Manassas (Second), 180.

Sims, Captain, at Appomattox, 627.

Slaughter Mountain, battle at, 157.

Slaughter, M., mayor of Fredericksburg, reply of, to General Sumner's demand for surrender, 294-296.

Slocum, General Henry W., at Crampton's Pass, 229; at Gettysburg, 356.

Smith, General E. K., commissioned lieutenant-general, 290.

Smith, Major-General G. W., reports for duty with Army of Northern Virginia, 60; called to Richmond for council with War Department, 65; Johnston's orders to, for Seven Pines, 89; complaint of, against Longstreet, 90; beaten at Seven Pines, 98; command devolved upon, temporarily, after Johnston was wounded, 100; standing of, 103; holds council, 107; criticism upon, 110, 111; resignation of, 111.

Smith, General Kirby, arrives on field of Manassas, 49; is wounded, 50.

Smith, General M. L., in Wilderness, 561; makes reconnoissance and leads flanking force, 562, 563.

Smith, Major Melancthon, at Chickamauga, 441.

Smith, General W. F., at Crampton's Pass, 229; opens line of railway on the Tennessee, 472; move of, against Confederate sharp-shooters, 473.

Soldiers, the Confederate, tributes to, 200, 288; amusement of, 325.

Sorrel, Lieutenant-Colonel G. M., 47; goes with Longstreet to Chickamauga, 438; communicates to General McLaws order of relief from General Longstreet, 518; leads divisions in flanking party in Wilderness, 562; appointed brigadier, 581.

South Mountain, description of, 218; advance of Union forces to, 219; battle of, opened by Generals Pleasonton and Cox, 221; General Garland killed, 221; Federals in superior strength numerically, 222; General Reno killed, 223; the strong battle against General Rodes, 224; exhaustion of the troops, 225; losses, 225; Lee orders withdrawal of troops from, 228.

Staff of General Lee, 573.

Steadman, Fort, sortie against, 592 _et seq._

Steamboat invented by William Longstreet, 14.

Steedman, General, at Chickamauga, 442.

Stephens, Hon. Alex. H., 583.

Steuart, General George H., marches through McConnellsburg and Carlisle, 345; at Gettysburg, 374; at Five Forks, 600.

Stevens, General I. I., at West Point, 17; division of, joins Pope on Rappahannock, 161; at Manassas (Second), 182; killed at Chantilly, 194; tribute to, 195.

Stewart, General, at Chickamauga, 439; makes strong advance and assault, 447.

Strawberry Plains. _See_ Dandridge.

Stribling's battery, captured at Suffolk, 325.

Stuart, General J. E. B., disperses Federals at Lewinsville, 60; at Dranesville, 62; opposes Hooker on the Hampton and Yorktown roads, 68, 69; at Williamsburg, 75; reconnoissance by, around McClellan's army, 116-119; cuts off Stoneman's cavalry at Savage Station, 130; at Erlington Heights, 146; raids General Pope's head-quarters, 165, 166; captures supplies, etc., at Manassas Junction, 167; cavalry of, in first passage of arms on field of Manassas, 172; takes a map on the field, 183; in pursuit of Pope's retreat, 193; at Maryland Heights, 229; rides around Union army at Sharpsburg and Harper's Ferry, 290; engages Pleasonton's cavalry at Brandy Station, 338; orders to, from General Lee, for march to Pennsylvania, 340; driven by Pleasonton back to Ashby's Gap, 341; directions to, from Longstreet, for movements by cavalry, 342; late arrival of, at Gettysburg, 373; stubborn fight of, on third day, 396; covering Confederate retreat from Gettysburg, 428; death of, at Yellow Tavern, 572, 573; character of, 573.

Sturgis, General, at Burnside's Bridge (Antietam), 259; operations against Martin's cavalry, 521, 522; occupies Dandridge, 526; in affair at Dandridge, 526; attempts to strike Martin's rear, 527.

Suffolk, General Longstreet's operations about, 324.

Sumner, General E. V., in command of right on Chickahominy, 84; ordered by McClellan into battle at Seven Pines, 97; reports of, 98; defeats Magruder at Savage Station, 132; gallant covering of retreat from Second Manassas, 196; Lee's "lost order" found in camp of, 213; advance of, at Sharpsburg, 245; eagerness and bravery of, 247; in command of Right Grand Division Army of the Potomac, 292; calls for surrender of Fredericksburg, 293; troops of, enter Fredericksburg, 304.

"Sunrise order" for battle at Gettysburg, 377 _et seq._

Surrender. _See_ Appomattox, surrender at.

Sykes, General, in command of United States regulars at Manassas, 51; at Second Manassas, 189; at Fredericksburg, 313; corps of, at Little Round Top, 371.

T.

Taliaferro, General, wounded at Groveton, 177; at Fredericksburg, 309.

Taylor, Colonel Erasmus, on Lee's acknowledgment of fault at Gettysburg, 400; takes guide to Longstreet in Wilderness, 557; letter of, to Longstreet, on controversy as to guide at Wilderness, 569.

Taylor, General, mortally wounded at Manassas Junction, 170.

Taylor, Assistant Adjutant-General W. H., letter of, to General Longstreet, on order for "battle at sunrise" (Gettysburg), 379 (note); on supporting Longstreet at Gettysburg, 397; states strength of Army of Northern Virginia (May, 1864), 553; letter to, from Longstreet, 574; reports Lee's strength for defence of Richmond, 593, 594; letter to, from Longstreet, 651; letter to, from Longstreet, on policy towards new organizations, 653.

Taylor, General Zachary, in command of "army of observation" in Louisiana, 18; moves to the Rio Grande, 21; calls for volunteers, 23; at Resaca de la Palma, 27.

Tennessee, Army of the. _See_ Army of Tennessee.

Tennessee campaign, 438 _et seq._ _See_ Chickamauga, battle of, etc.

Tennessee, East, campaign of. _See_ East Tennessee campaign.

Terry, Colonel, 48, 596.

Terry, General, before Richmond, 576; in second expedition against Wilmington, 582; at Five Forks, 595, 597, 600.

Texas seeks annexation, 18.

Thomas, Colonel, death of, 520.

Thomas, General George H., at West Point, 17; commands four divisions of Rosecrans's army at Chickamauga, 441-443; calls for reinforcements, 446; supersedes General Rosecrans in command, 472; called on by General Foster for troops to aid in campaign against Longstreet, 533; despatch from General Grant to, on Longstreet, 534-537; despatch to, from General Schofield, 537.

Thompson, Major, killed, 630.

Thoroughfare Gap, Longstreet's advance column at, 173; description of, 174. _See_ Manassas, Second.

Tidball's artillery at Fort Steadman, 594.

Toombs, General Robert, on the Chickahominy, 113; ordered under arrest by Longstreet, 161; released, 166; at Second Manassas, 189; gallantly defends bridge against Burnside, 257; forced to retire, 260.

Triggs, General, at Chickamauga, 449.

Trimble, General, in engagement on Rappahannock, 164; at Manassas Junction, 167; charge of, at Gettysburg compared with that of Meade's men at Fredericksburg, 314; position of, at Gettysburg, third day, 388; in the famous charge, 393; wounding of, 394.

Turner, General, at Petersburg, 607; assaults Fort Whitworth, 608.

Tyler, General, reconnoissance of, at Manassas, 38, 55.

V.

Vance, General, captured by Federals, 531.

Van Cleve, General H. P., at Chickamauga, 442.

Venable, Colonel Charles S., mentioned, 363, 379; letter of, to General Longstreet on "battle at sunrise" order at Gettysburg, 379 (note); on putting Heth's division in assaulting columns, 398; takes order for change of direction to Longstreet in Wilderness, 557; letter of, to Longstreet, on movement of latter to the Wilderness, 571; gives account of last scenes and of General Lee, 624.

Vincent, General, killed at Little Round Top (Gettysburg), 372.

Virginia "Foot Cavalry," 146.

Virginia, "too much," 332.

W.

Wadsworth, General James S., at Gettysburg, 374; mortally wounded at Wilderness, 563.

Wagner, Lieutenant, mortally wounded by remarkable cannon-shot, 255.

Walker, General J. G., at Harper's Ferry, 231; at Sharpsburg, 242, 247.

Walker, General W. H. T., at Chickamauga, 441, 446.

Walton, Colonel, Longstreet's order to, 390.

War feeling in the South, 31.

War, Mexican. _See_ Mexican war.

War, the general status of, on Confederate side, 543; suggestions for conduct of, by Longstreet, 544.

Warren, Major-General G. K., finds Little Round Top the citadel of the field at Gettysburg, 371; testimony as to third day at Gettysburg, 398; in command of Fifth Corps (1864), 552; makes opening attack in Wilderness, 558; at Five Forks, 597.

Washburn, Colonel, mortally wounded, 615.

Washington Artillery, the, at Manassas, 37, 40, 41, 49; at Second Manassas, 181, 186; at Sharpsburg, 233, 236, 243, 249, 250, 261, 267; at Fredericksburg, 311; at Gettysburg, 390 _et seq._

Weed, General, killed on Little Round Top (Gettysburg), 372.

Weitzel, General, before Richmond, 576, 595, 603, 604.

West Point, distinguished men at, 16, 17.

Westward movement, first proposed to Secretary of War Seddon by Longstreet, 327, 409; reverted to by Longstreet, 433, 434; transportation ordered for, 436; Longstreet reaches General Bragg's head-quarters, 438 (_see_ Chickamauga, battle of, etc.); difference between time proposed for and actual making of, 478, 479.

Weymouth, Captain, at Fredericksburg, 303.

Wharton, General, 441.

Wheeler, General, makes cavalry raid on Tennessee River, 463; Longstreet's orders to, in East Tennessee, 487, 488; in engagement on Little Tennessee River, 490; returns to General Bragg, 500.

White House, McClellan establishes his permanent depot at, 82. _See_ Seven Pines.

Whiting, Major, at Manassas, 52; General, at Seven Pines, 105-107; desires to leave Fair Oaks, 113; reinforces Jackson, 115; at Gaines's Mill, 127, 128; mortally wounded at Fort Fisher, 582.

Whittle, Colonel, wounded at Gettysburg, 394.

Whitworth, Fort (Petersburg), 606-608.

Wilcox, General, at Burnside's Bridge (Antietam), 259; at Gettysburg, 374; at Wilderness, 556, 558, 560; at Fort Steadman, 594; at Petersburg, 605, 606, 608.

Wilderness, the, battle of, General Grant with Army of the Potomac, 552; strength of confronting armies, 552-554; Army of the Potomac crosses the Rapidan, 555; General Grant had no fixed plan beyond avoiding Lee's defensive line, 555; Wilderness described, 555, 556; march of Longstreet's command, 556; receives a guide, 557; troops meet and action cannot wait, 558; attack by General Warren, 558; Confederates fail to intrench at night, 560; Hancock's advance in the morning, 560; Longstreet's troops form line under fire, 560, and repulse Hancock's advance, 561; the Ninth Corps ordered in by General Grant, 561; Longstreet organizes flanking movement against Hancock's left, 562, 563; General Jenkins mortally and Longstreet severely wounded, 564; General Lee on the field in command, 565; value of a "level head," 566; the failure to intrench by Third Corps, 565-567; delay in advance after Longstreet was disabled, 567; controversy as to Longstreet's march and guide, 568, 571.

Willard, General, killed at Gettysburg, 371.

Williamsburg, battle of, 72; advance of Hooker, 73; Longstreet orders Early to support the left, 74; Stuart's charge, 75; Anderson's concentrated movement on, and capture of guns, 75; Anderson driven back by Hooker's reinforcements, 76; Hancock takes two redoubts, 77; attack by D. H. Hill and Early, with great slaughter of the latter's troops because of blunder, 78; forces engaged, 79; casualties, 79; object of the battle, 79; Hancock called "the Superb," 80.

Williamsburg, engagement near, 68-70.

Williamsburg road, affair on (1864), 576-578.

Williamsport, Confederates at, on retreat from Gettysburg, 428, 429.

Wilmington, first move against, 580; second expedition against, 582.

Winchester, engagement at, between Ewell and Milroy, 339.

Winder, General, mortally wounded at Slaughter Mountain, 157.

Winthrop, Captain, wounded at Knoxville in leading assault, 497.

Wofford, General, Longstreet rides with, to Little Round Top, 372; in retreat from Gettysburg, 431; in engagement on Little Tennessee River, 490; in assault on Fort Sanders, 502, 503, 505; at Dandridge, 526; at Wilderness, 562, 563.

Wood, General T. J., at Chickamauga, 442, 446.

Woodhull, Major Alfred A., gives account of remarkable cannon-shot, 255.

Wool, General John E., orders to Colonel Miles, in command of Harper's Ferry, 286.

Worth, General, at Corpus Christi, 20.

Wright, General, at Gettysburg, 371; makes assault at Petersburg, 605.

Wrightsville, bridge at, burned, 345.

Y.

Yellow Tavern, engagement at, between Sheridan and Stuart, 573.

York, authorities of, surrender to General John B. Gordon, 345.

Yorktown, Confederates occupy, 67; intrenchments abandoned, 68.

THE END.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Brother of the rear-admiral.

[2] He had a similar wound in the war of 1812.

[3] Rebellion Record, vol. ii. p. 309. Less two regiments and one cavalry troop.

[4] General Beauregard claims that he was not so strong, but estimates seem to warrant the number given.

[5] In that attack the division commander, Colonel David Hunter, was wounded.

[6] Rebellion Record, vol. ii. pp. 351, 387, 405, 426.

[7] Ibid., 328.

[8] Not engaged.

[9] In reserve at Centreville and not in battle proper.

[10] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part i. p. 521.

[11] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part i. p. 568.

[12] Ibid., p. 450.

[13] Smith's War Papers.

[14] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part iii. p. 563.

[15] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part i. p. 938.

[16] General Berry thought that he got up as far as the Casey camp, but mistook Couch's opening for that of Casey.

[17] Confederate War Papers, G. W. Smith.

[18] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part i. p. 763.

[19] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 813.

[20] Previous returns give him 11,000, but one of his brigades was absent.

[21] Smith's War Papers.

[22] Ibid.

[23] Ibid.

[24] Smith's War Papers.

[25] Ibid.

[26] Letter from General McLaws.

[27] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part iii. p. 910.

[28] Of interest in this connection is a letter to the author from General D. H. Hill:

"FAYETTEVILLE, ARK., February 4, 1879.

"GENERAL JAMES LONGSTREET:

"MY DEAR GENERAL,--I never heard of the proposed abandonment of Richmond at the time General Lee took command. I had charge of one of the four divisions with which the retreat from Yorktown was effected, and was called several times into General Lee's most important councils. I never heard any officer suggest such a course in these councils or in private conversations.

"I feel sure that General Johnston always intended to fight the invading force, and so far as I know no officer of rank entertained any other view.

"I remember very well that some days before the council on the Nine Miles road (when yourself, A. P. Hill, and myself were present) that you suggested the plan of attacking McClellan's right flank, and that I expressed my preference for an attack on the other flank. This shows that there was no thought of retreat.

"Very truly yours, "D. H. HILL."

[29] Official account, Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part i. p. 1036.

[30] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 882.

[31] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 38.

[32] From memory I will say that this message from General Lee was delivered by Captain A. P. Mason.

[33] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 517. Stuart.

[34] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 627. D. H. Hill.

[35] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 100. Heintzelman.

[36] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 107.

[37] Ibid., pp. 162-164.

[38] A name taken by the infantry from the Valley district on account of their swift secret marches.

[39] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 664.

[40] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 687.

[41] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 52.

[42] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 53.

[43] His letter of August 14, 1862.

[44] Rebellion Record, vol xii. part ii. p. 29.

[45] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 378.

[46] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 381.

[47] Ibid., pp. 74, 75.

[48] Ibid., p. 371.

[49] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 518.

[50] Ibid., p. 520.

[51] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 40. General Pope.

[52] Battles and Leaders of the Civil War.

[53] Rebellion Record.

[54] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 558. General Lee's report.

[55]

"HEAD-QUARTERS ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA, "September 9, 1862.

"SPECIAL ORDERS, NO. 191.

"The army will resume its march to-morrow, taking the Hagerstown road. General Jackson's command will form the advance, and, after passing Middletown, with such portion as he may select, take the route towards Sharpsburg, cross the Potomac at the most convenient point, and, by Friday night, take possession of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, capture such of the enemy as may be at Martinsburg, and intercept such as may attempt to escape from Harper's Ferry.

"General Longstreet's command will pursue the same road as far as Boonsborough, where it will halt with the reserve, supply, and baggage trains of the army.

"General McLaws, with his own division and that of General R. H. Anderson, will follow General Longstreet. On reaching Middletown he will take the route to Harper's Ferry, and by Friday morning possess himself of the Maryland Heights, and endeavor to capture the enemy at Harper's Ferry and vicinity.

"General Walker, with his division, after accomplishing the object in which he is now engaged, will cross the Potomac at Cheek's Ford, ascend its right bank to Lovettsville, take possession of Loudoun Heights, if practicable, by Friday morning, Key's Ford on his left, and the road between the end of the mountain and the Potomac on his right. He will, as far as practicable, co-operate with General McLaws and General Jackson in intercepting the retreat of the enemy.

"General D. H. Hill's division will form the rear-guard of the army, pursuing the road taken by the main body. The reserve artillery, ordnance, supply-trains, etc., will precede General Hill.

"General Stuart will detach a squadron of cavalry to accompany the commands of Generals Longstreet, Jackson, and McLaws, and with the main body of the cavalry will cover the route of the army and bring up all stragglers that may have been left behind.

"The commands of Generals Jackson, McLaws, and Walker, after accomplishing the objects for which they have been detached, will join the main body of the army at Boonsborough or Hagerstown.

"Each regiment on the march will habitually carry its axes in the regimental ordnance wagons, for use of the men at their encampments to procure wood, etc.

"By command of General R. E. Lee.

"R. H. CHILTON, "_Assistant Adjutant-General_.

"MAJOR-GENERAL D. H. HILL, "_Commanding Division_."

[56] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part ii. p. 600.

[57] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 41. McClellan's official account.

[58] Record, vol. xix. part i.

[59] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part ii. p. 281.

[60] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 48.

[61] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 183.

[62] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 961.

[63] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 47.

[64] Some authorities say (including a small number of "captured or missing") 12,601.

[65] Report of Committee, part i. p. 368.

[66] Of this shot, Captain A. B. More, of Richmond, Virginia, wrote, under date of June 16, 1886,--

"The Howitzers have always been proud of that shot, and, thinking it would interest you, I write to say that it was fired by Corporal Holzburton, of the Second Company, Richmond Howitzers, from a ten-pound Parrott."

[67] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 377.

[68] Rebellion Record, vol. i. part i. p. 63.

[69] This includes eighty-five lost by S. D. Lee's artillery, not regularly assigned as part of the corps.

[70] Surgeon Lafayette Guild, medical director of the Army of Northern Virginia, in his official tabulated report, accounts for 10,291 only.

[71] Compiled from the official reports.

[72] Left at Leesburg.

[73] Commanding brigade while General Evans commanded provisional division.

[74] Attached to Twenty-first North Carolina Regiment.

[75] John R. Johnson's and D'Aquin's batteries were the only ones present with this division at Sharpsburg.

[76] Braxton's, Crenshaw's, McIntosh's, and Pegram's batteries engaged at Sharpsburg.

[77] Cutts's and Jones's battalions also under D. H. Hill's command at Sharpsburg.

[78] First Virginia Artillery.

[79] With D. H. Hill's division at Sharpsburg.

[80] Left at Leesburg.

[81] Compiled from the records of the Adjutant-General's Office. On September 14 the right wing of the army, consisting of the First and Ninth Corps, was commanded by Major-General Burnside; the centre, composed of the Second and Twelfth Corps, by Major-General Sumner, and the left wing, comprising the Sixth Corps and Couch's division (Fourth Corps), by Major-General Franklin.

[82] Designation changed from Third Corps, Army of Virginia, to First Army Corps, by General Orders, No. 129, Adjutant-General's Office, September 12, 1862.

[83] Wounded September 17.

[84] Relieved September 14.

[85] Wounded September 14.

[86] Joined September 9, and detached September 13 as railroad guard.

[87] Wounded September 14.

[88] Detached at Washington, D. C., since September 6.

[89] Wounded September 17.

[90] Wounded September 17.

[91] Assigned to the Sixth Corps as the Third Division, September 26, 1862.

[92] Joined September 17.

[93] Joined September 15.

[94] This division was organized September 12, and reached the battle-field of Antietam September 18.

[95] Assigned to First Division, Second Army Corps, September 17.

[96] On the 16th and 17th, Major General Burnside exercised general command on the left, and Brigadier-General Cox was in immediate command of the corps.

[97] Killed September 14.

[98] Wounded September 17.

[99] Designation changed from Second Corps, Army of Virginia, to Twelfth Army Corps, by General Orders, No. 129, Adjutant-General's Office, September 12, 1862.

[100] Mortally wounded September 17.

[101] Wounded September 17.

[102] No officers present; enlisted men of company attached to Second Massachusetts.

[103] Detached September 9.

[104] Detached September 13.

[105] Killed September 17.

[106] Detached at Frederick, Md.

[107] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 520.

[108] See organization of the army appended to account of the battle of Fredericksburg.

[109] Rebellion Record, vol. xxi. part i. p. 783.

[110] Rebellion Record, vol. xxi. part i. p. 1121.

[111] Ibid., p. 1057.

[112] Rebellion Record, vol. xxi. part i. p. 432.

[113] Vol. xxi. of the Official Records.

[114] Not assigned to divisions.

[115] Majors Garnett, Hamilton, and T. J. Page, Jr., are mentioned in the reports as commanding artillery battalions, but their composition is not stated.

[116] Organization of brigades as established November 10, 1862. On roster for December 16, 1862, Hart's, Breathed's, Moorman's, and Chew's batteries appear as attached, respectively, to the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Brigades. Commanders are given as reported December 16, 1862.

[117] Detachment on raid to Dumfries.

[118] In the Shenandoah Valley.

[119] The Confederate dry-goods factories, for want of other dye-stuffs, had long before this resorted to the use of the butternut coloring.

[120] Rebellion Record, vol. xxv. part ii. p. 320.

[121] Ibid., p. 696.

[122] General D. H. Hill was next in rank to General Ewell. He was the hero of Bethel, Seven Pines, South Mountain, and the hardest fighter at Sharpsburg. His record was as good as that of "Stonewall" Jackson, but, not being a Virginian, he was not so well advertised.

[123] Report Committee, vol. i p. 480.

[124] From General Lee's official report: "... It was ascertained from the prisoners that we had been engaged with two corps of the army formerly commanded by General Hooker, and that the remainder of that army, under General Meade, was approaching Gettysburg. Without information as to its proximity, the strong position which the enemy had assumed could not be attacked without danger of exposing the four divisions present, already weakened and exhausted by a long and bloody struggle, to overwhelming numbers of fresh troops. General Ewell was, therefore, instructed to carry the hill occupied by the enemy, if he found it practicable, but to avoid a general engagement until the arrival of the other divisions of the army, which were ordered to hasten forward. He decided to await Johnson's division, which had marched from Carlisle by the road west of the mountains to guard the trains of his corps, and consequently did not reach Gettysburg until a late hour...."

[125] Report of Committee, vol. i. p. 488.

[126] His account.

[127] In his official report he puts Jenkins's force at the opening campaign at three thousand eight hundred.

[128] General Lee, by Fitzhugh Lee (note), p. 299.

[129] His official report.

[130] Following are the essential portions of the letters referred to, affording unquestionable and overwhelming testimony against the claim that General Longstreet was ordered to give battle "at sunrise":

"NORFOLK, VA., April 28, 1875.

"DEAR GENERAL,--... I can only say that I never before heard of the 'sunrise attack' you were to have made, as charged by General Pendleton. If such an order was given you I never knew of it, or it has strangely escaped my memory. I think it more than probable that if General Lee had had your troops available the evening previous to the day of which you speak, he would have ordered an early attack, but this does not touch the point at issue. I regard it as a great mistake on the part of those who, perhaps because of political differences, now undertake to criticise and attack your war record. Such conduct is most ungenerous, and I am sure meets the disapprobation of all good Confederates with whom I have had the pleasure of associating in the daily walks of life.

"Yours, very respectfully, "W. H. TAYLOR."

"UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA, May 11, 1875.

"GENERAL JAMES LONGSTREET:

"DEAR GENERAL,--... I did not know of any order for an attack on the enemy at sunrise on the 2d, nor can I believe any such order was issued by General Lee. About sunrise on the 2d of July I was sent by General Lee to General Ewell to ask him what he thought of the advantages of an attack on the enemy from his position. (Colonel Marshall had been sent with a similar order on the night of the 1st.) General Ewell made me ride with him from point to point of his lines, so as to see with him the exact position of things. Before he got through the examination of the enemy's position, General Lee came himself to General Ewell's lines. In sending the message to General Ewell, General Lee was explicit in saying that the question was whether he should move all the troops around on the right and attack on that side. I do not think that the errand on which I was sent by the commanding general is consistent with the idea of an attack at sunrise by any portion of the army.

"Yours, very truly, "CHARLES S. VENABLE."

"BALTIMORE, MD., May 7, 1875.

"DEAR GENERAL,--... I have no personal recollection of the order to which you refer. It certainly was not conveyed by me, nor is there anything in General Lee's official report to show the attack on the 2d was expected by him to begin earlier, except that he notices that there was not proper concert of action on that day....

"Respectfully, "CHARLES MARSHALL."

"BIG ISLAND, BEDFORD, VA., May 31, 1875.

"DEAR GENERAL,--... I do not recollect of hearing of an order to attack at sunrise, or at any other designated hour, pending the operations at Gettysburg during the first three days of July, 1863....

"Yours truly, "A. L. LONG."

"FREESTONE P. O., PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY, VA., "November 12, 1877.

"MY DEAR GENERAL LONGSTREET,--... The winter after the death of General Lee I was in Lexington, visiting my sons at the V. M. I. General Pendleton called to see me at the hotel. General Custis Lee was in my room when he came in. After General Lee left, General Pendleton asked me if General Longstreet was not ordered to attack on the 2d of July at Gettysburg at six o'clock in the morning, and did not attack until four o'clock in the evening. I told him it was not possible. When he left me I was under the impression I had convinced him of his mistaken idea. I told General Pendleton that you and General Lee were together the greater part of the day up to about three o'clock or later; that you separated at the mouth of a lane not long thereafter. You said to me, 'Those troops will be in position by the time you get there; tell General Hood to attack.' When I gave the order to General Hood he was standing within a step or two of his line of battle. I asked him to please delay his attack until I could communicate to General Longstreet that he can turn the enemy,--pointing to a gorge in the mountain, where we would be sheltered from his view and attack by his cavalry. General Hood slapped me on the knee and said, 'I agree with you,--bring General Longstreet to see for himself.' When I reported to you, your answer was, 'It is General Lee's order; the time is up,--attack at once.' I lost no time in repeating the same to General Hood, and remained with him to see the attack, which was made instantly. We had a beautiful view of the enemy's left from Hood's position, which was close up to him. He gave way quickly. General Hood charged, and I spurred to report to you; found you with hat in hand cheering on General McLaws's division....

"Truly your friend, "JOHN W. FAIRFAX."

[131] "Four Years with General Lee."

[132] Upon the various matters of this momentous day, which have been subject of controversy, the following testimony from J. S. D. Cullen is interesting and important:

"RICHMOND, VA., May 18, 1875.

"GENERAL JAMES LONGSTREET:

"DEAR GENERAL,--... It was an astounding announcement to the survivors of the First Army Corps that the disaster and failure at Gettysburg was alone and solely due to its commander, and that had he obeyed the orders of the commander-in-chief Meade's army would have been beaten before its entire force had assembled, and its final discomfiture thereby made certain. It is a little strange that these charges were not made while General Lee was alive to substantiate or disprove them, and that seven years or more were permitted to pass by in silence regarding them. You are fortunate in being able to call upon the adjutant-general and the two confidential officers of General Lee's staff for their testimony in the case, and I do not think that you will have any reason to fear their evidence. They knew every order that was issued for that battle, when and where attacks were to be made, who were slow in attacking, and who did not make attacks that were expected to be made. I hope, for the sake of history and for your brave military record, that a quietus will at once be put on this subject. I distinctly remember the appearance in our head-quarters camp of the scout who brought from Frederick the first account that General Lee had of the definite whereabouts of the enemy; of the excitement at General Lee's head-quarters among couriers, quartermasters, commissaries, etc., all betokening some early movement of the commands dependent upon the news brought by the scout. That afternoon General Lee was walking with some of us in the road in front of his head-quarters, and said, 'To-morrow, gentlemen, we will not move to Harrisburg as we expected, but will go over to Gettysburg and see what General Meade is after.' Orders had then been issued to the corps to move at sunrise on the morning of the next day, and promptly at that time the corps was put on the road. The troops moved slowly a short distance when they were stopped by Ewell's wagon-trains and Johnson's division turning into the road in front of them, making their way from some point north to Cashtown or Gettysburg. How many hours we were detained I am unable to say, but it must have been many, for I remember eating a lunch or dinner before moving again. Being anxious to see you, I rode rapidly by the troops (who, as soon as they could get into the road, pushed hurriedly by us also), and overtook you about dark at the hill this side of Gettysburg, about half a mile from the town. You had been at the front with General Lee, and were returning to your camp, a mile or two back. I spoke very exultingly of the victory we were thought to have obtained that day, but was surprised to find that you did not take the same cheerful view of it that I did, and presently you remarked that it would have been better had we not fought than to have left undone what we did. You said that the enemy were left occupying a position that it would take the whole army to drive them from and then at a great sacrifice. We soon reached the camp, three miles, perhaps, from Gettysburg, and found the column near by. Orders were issued to be ready to march at 'daybreak,' or some earlier hour, next morning. About three o'clock in the morning, while the stars were shining, you left your head-quarters and rode to General Lee's, where I found you sitting with him _after sunrise_ looking at the enemy on Cemetery Hill...."

"I am yours, very truly, "J. S. D. CULLEN."

[133] Rebellion Record.

[134] "Four Years with General Lee," W. H. Taylor, page 103.

[135] _Eclectic Magazine_, May, 1872.

[136] At Sharpsburg, General Jackson left the field at seven o'clock in the morning and did not return until four o'clock in the afternoon, when he was ordered with his command and the cavalry to turn and strike down against the Union right. He started to execute the order, then gave it up without even asking permission. He made a brave and gallant fight in the morning, losing 1601 officers and men. But D. H. Hill was there from the first to the last gun, losing from his division 1872 officers and men. Jackson had the greater part of two divisions. But Hill was not a Virginian, and it would not do to leave the field for refreshments. The figures include Jackson's losses at Harper's Ferry and Sharpsburg; Hill's at South Mountain and Sharpsburg.

[137] "General Lee," by Fitzhugh Lee. Marye's Hill was the stronghold at Fredericksburg.

[138] _Vide_ "The French under the First and Last Bonaparte;" the Second Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia under Stonewall Jackson in 1862, in the Valley of Virginia, and J. A. Early in 1864.

[139] General Meade's monthly return for June 30 shows 99,131 "present for duty, equipped." The Comte de Paris estimates the force actually on the field, including the Sixth Corps, which was in reserve, at 82,000.

[140] Rebellion Record, vol. xxvii.

[141] Rebellion Record, vol. xxxvii. part i. p. 187.

[142] No reports on file for this brigade. Bryan was in command July 7, and was probably Semmes's immediate successor. The commanders of the Tenth, Fifty-first, and Fifty-third Georgia are given as reported for June 22 and July 31. Manning reported in command of Fiftieth Georgia, June 22. No commander reported on return for July 31.

[143] The regimental commanders are given as reported for June 14.

[144] The four captains present (West, Robinson, James M. Taylor, Thomas N. Jordan) were reported as wounded July 1; Robinson and Taylor as having rejoined July 2, but it does not appear who commanded during Robinson's absence.

[145] Lieutenant-Colonel Slough and Major John S. Brooks reported as wounded at four P.M., July 1.

[146] Colonel Christie, Lieutenant-Colonel R. D. Johnston, Major C. C. Blacknall, and the senior captain (Abner D. Pearce) reported as wounded early in the fight, July 1.

[147] Commanded his own and W. E. Jones's brigade.

[148] Serving with Ewell's corps.

[149] Mounted.

[150] See battalions attached to corps and cavalry.

[151] Not engaged.

[152] See artillery brigades attached to army corps and the reserves.

[153] Not engaged. With exception of the regular battalion, it was, July 1, and while at Beaver Dam Creek, Md., ordered to Washington, D. C., where it arrived July 3.

[154] Major-General John F. Reynolds, of this corps, was killed July 1, while in command of the left wing of the army; General Doubleday commanded the corps July 1, and General Newton, who was assigned to that command on the 1st, superseded him July 2.

[155] Transferred, in the afternoon of July 1, to the First Brigade.

[156] Guarding trains, and not engaged in the battle.

[157] Battery E, First New York Light Artillery, attached.

[158] After the death of General Reynolds, General Hancock was assigned to the command of all the troops on the field of battle, relieving General Howard, who had succeeded General Reynolds. General Gibbon, of the Second Division, assumed command of the corps. These assignments terminated on the evening of July 1. Similar changes in commanders occurred during the battle of the 2d, when General Hancock was put in command of the Third Corps, in addition to that of his own. He was wounded on the 3d, and Brigadier-General William Hays was assigned to the command of the corps.

[159] 2d Company Minnesota Sharp-shooters attached.

[160] Transferred from Artillery Reserve, July 1; Fourteenth New York Battery attached.

[161] Guarding corps trains, and not engaged in the battle.

[162] Joined corps June 28. The Second Brigade left in the Department of Washington.

[163] Also in command of the Third Brigade, Third Division, on July 3.

[164] No First Brigade in division.

[165] See foot-note 149, p. 415.

[166] Guarding wagon-train at Westminster, and not engaged in the battle.

[167] During the interval between the death of General Reynolds and the arrival of General Hancock, on the afternoon of July 1, all the troops on the field of battle were commanded by General Howard, General Schurz taking command of the Eleventh Corps, and General Schimmelfennig of the Third Division.

[168] Exercised command of the right wing of the army during a part of the battle.

[169] Unassigned during progress of battle; afterwards attached to First Division, as Second Brigade.

[170] Served with the Sixth Army Corps, and on the right flank.

[171] Serving as light artillery.

[172] At Westminster, etc., and not engaged in the battle.

[173] With Huey's Cavalry Brigade, and not engaged in the battle.

[174] Tenth New York Battery attached.

[175] Not engaged.

[176] Eleventh New York Battery attached.

[177] The emergency militia and the six months' volunteers were mustered into the United States service, and the ninety-days' militia into the State service. Under act of Congress approved April 12, 1866, the State was reimbursed by the United States for money expended in payment of the latter troops.

[178] That company did not go with the battalion to Virginia.

[179] This was my first meeting with the genial, gallant, lovable William Preston.

[180] Rebellion Record.

[181] Rebellion Record, vol. xxx. part i. p. 144.

[182] In his official report of the battle, General Bragg denies that his march of the 21st was for the crossing of the Tennessee River; refers to the proposition as visionary, and says of the country, "Affording no subsistence for men or animals."--Rebellion Record.

[183] Rebellion Record.

[184] Later on he offered the command to Lieutenant-General Hardee, who declined it.

[185]

"CAMP RAPPAHANNOCK, October 26, 1863.

"MY DEAR GENERAL,--I have received your three letters, September 26, October 6, and October 11. The first was received just as I was about to make a move upon General Meade, to prevent his detaching reinforcements to Rosecrans. The second when I had gone as far as I thought I could advantageously go; and the third since my return to this place. I have read them all with interest and pleasure, but have not had time to reply till now.

"I rejoice at your great victory deeply. It seemed to me to have been complete. I wish it could have been followed up by the destruction of the Federal army. As regards your proposition as to myself, I wish that I could feel that it was prompted by other reasons than kind feelings to myself. I think that you could do better than I could. It was with that view I urged your going. The President, being on the ground, I hope will do all that can be done. He has to take a broad view of the whole ground, and must order as he deems best. I will cheerfully do anything in my power.

"In addition to other infirmities, I have been suffering so much from rheumatism in my back that I could scarcely get about. The first two days of our march I had to be hauled in a wagon, and subsequently every motion of my horse, and indeed of my body, gave much pain. I am rather better now, though I still suffer. We could not come up with Meade. We had to take circuitous and by-roads, while he had broad and passable routes on either side of the railroad. We struck his rear-guards three times,--the last at Bristoe, where Hill with his advance of two brigades fell too precipitately on one of his corps,--suffered a repulse and loss. He was finally driven beyond Bull Run. I saw he could easily get behind his intrenchments in front of Alexandria. Our men were dreadfully off for shoes, blankets, and clothes. One division alone had over a thousand barefooted men. We had failed to take any, and I fear had failed to manage as well as we might. The country was a perfect waste. A northeast storm broke upon us. There was neither shelter nor food for man or beast. I saw no real good I could accomplish by manoeuvring. The enemy had destroyed the bridge over the Rappahannock and blown up one of the piers. The freshet after we left the Rapidan carried away the railroad bridge over that river. I therefore withdrew to the Rappahannock, destroying the railroad from Cub Run (this side Manassas Junction) to the Rappahannock River.

"We inflicted some punishment upon the enemy,--captured upward of two thousand four hundred prisoners.

"But I missed you dreadfully, and your brave corps. Your cheerful face and strong arms would have been invaluable. I hope you will soon return to me. I trust we may soon be together again. May God preserve you and all with you.

"Very truly yours, "R. E. LEE.

"GENERAL LONGSTREET."

[186] Rebellion Record, vol. xxxi. part i. p. 680.

[187] Since those days the name of Holston has been changed to the Tennessee.

[188] Writing of these operations since the war, General E. M. Law, in an article in the Philadelphia _Weekly Press_ of July 18, 1888, said,--

"During the night the sounds of retreat continued, and when daylight came the valley about Lenoir presented the scene of an encampment deserted with ignominious haste."

But he did not take the trouble to report the retreat until nearly twenty-five years after the war. Had he done so at the proper time the work at Campbell's Station would have been in better season.

[189] Rebellion Record, vol. xxxi. part i. p. 526.

[190] Rebellion Record, vol. xxxi. part i. p. 491.

[191] Rebellion Record.

[192] Rebellion Record.

[193] Ibid.

[194] Rebellion Record, vol. xxxi. part i. p. 549.

[195] "Four Years with General Lee."

[196] General Heth's personal account.

[197] Letter to the writer.

[198] Decisive Battles of the War, Swinton, p. 378.

[199] Military History of U. S. Grant. Badeau.

[200] Virginia Campaigns, 1864-65, by General A. A. Humphreys, Army of the Potomac.

[201] General Early's official account.

[202] One of our weeklies announced, upon learning that General Bragg was ordered there, "We understand that General Bragg is ordered to Wilmington. Good-by, Wilmington!"

[203] General Badeau's "Military History of U. S. Grant."

[204] Four Years with General Lee.

[205] Diary of a member of Corse's brigade.

[206] Estimated from returns.

[207] Estimated from general return for March.

[208] This account is gathered from the evidence of officers of both sides, given before the Warren Court of Inquiry, which vindicated Warren and Pickett, though the court was inclined to coquette with the lieutenant-general, who, at that late day, was in high authority.

[209] He reported that he could have gained the day if the cavalry of his left had been as efficient as that of his right.

[210] Virginia Campaigns.

[211] General Mahone claimed seven hundred in all.

[212] Memoirs of General Lee, A. L. Long.

[213] Memoirs of Robert E. Lee, A. L. Long.

[214] Memoirs of Robert E. Lee, A. L. Long.

[215] Including the parts of the Third Corps attached after the fall of A. P. Hill, and about five thousand that reported on the 7th, 8th, and 9th in bands and squads from the columns broken up at Sailor's Creek.

[216] Including five thousand two hundred of fragments dispersed at Petersburg and during the rearward march, that joined us in retreat.

End of Project Gutenberg's From Manassas to Appomattox, by James Longstreet