CHAPTER XXXIII

A FEW FOREIGN DIPLOMATS

During the quarter of a century that I lived in Paris I was fated to see many changes among the Diplomatic Corps, first at the Court of Napoleon III., and afterwards at the Elysée. I must say that in all the diplomatic circle I seldom found unpleasant or rude colleagues, but that, on the contrary, I have met most charming men and women whom it was a privilege and an honour to know. It is impossible to speak of them all, but there are a few figures which have left such a vivid remembrance in my mind that I must mention them.

I think I have spoken of Prince and Princess Metternich; they were great favourites with the Empress Eugénie, and another Ambassador who shared her affections was Count Nigra, one of the ablest diplomats Italy could ever boast. A faithful servant and pupil of the great Cavour, he watched on his behalf everything that was going on in France, and helped the unfortunate Empress in her flight, or rather did not help her, because his intervention, together with that of his Austrian colleague, consisted in advising her to run away, and perhaps even in obliging her to do so, from a feeling that later on it would be easier to get a revolutionary government to shut its eyes to the advance of the Italian troops on Rome, and their conquest of the Eternal City.

Count Nigra was a charming man. It was said that one could never believe anything he said, or rely upon anything he promised. But apart from this he was the pleasantest colleague one could have, and contrived to remain on good terms with all those he knew, even when in diplomacy he had cheated them of something or other. After he left Paris, I met him in Vienna and in St. Petersburg, and was always delighted to have those opportunities.

Lord Lyons spent long years in Paris, and represented the government of Queen Victoria with great dignity. He was a gentleman and also a most able diplomat, and whilst he stayed at the Faubourg St. Honoré, Anglo-French relations remained excellent in spite of the many attempts made to spoil them. His successors also left excellent memories behind them when their term of office came to an end; and Lord Lytton especially had contrived to make for himself many friends among French society, which at that time did not look upon foreigners with the same enthusiasm it professes to-day. Lord Lytton was a scholar, a writer and also a statesman, a combination one does not meet frequently in our age of mediocrities. He was a great friend, and, I think, also a distant relation, of Lord Salisbury, who had firm confidence in his abilities; he enjoyed greater latitude than other Ambassadors had done or did later on.

I will say nothing about Count Arnim. We were never intimate or even on friendly terms with each other. He was extremely stiff, and had a considerable amount of the _morgue prussienne_ in his ways, so that very few people sympathised with him or with his opinions. Nevertheless, his trial, and the long war which Prince Bismarck waged against him, aroused an interest in his fate which would not have existed under different circumstances. But, all the same, one was not sorry when Prince Hohenlohe succeeded him. The Prince was received with a certain amount of kind feeling such as could not have been expected under ordinary conditions.

Prince Hohenlohe was one of the greatest among the grand seigneurs in Germany. He was related to the Royal Family of Prussia and to almost all the crowned heads in Europe. He had been President of the Bavarian ministry, and as such had shown great devotion to the cause of German unity. His character had always been above reproach, his tact was exquisite, and his straightforwardness was recognised even among the enemies of his political ideas and opinions. He was essentially a man of duty, and he never failed in its fulfilment, no matter how painful this might be. All those who knew him respected him, and when he was sent to Paris as Ambassador, it was felt among the diplomatic circles of Europe that his presence there would help to do away with many prejudices and misunderstandings.

I was a frequent visitor at the house of Prince Clovis, as we called him familiarly, and whenever I left him it was with admiration for his shrewd intelligence and the logic displayed in all his reasonings and appreciations of men and of events. He had very few illusions, but at the same time an excessive kindness in all his judgments of other people. Ill-nature was unknown to him, and he was always ready to find excuses for the mistakes he could not help noticing in his neighbours. Prince Hohenlohe was infinitely above all his contemporaries in everything, both as a private and as a public man, and in all the high offices which he held he won for himself the esteem and the affection of all who had to do with him.

He made himself liked, too, in Paris in those first years which followed upon the war, in spite of the natural prejudice which existed against everything German. He had some relatives in the Faubourg St. Germain, where both he and his wife were received with more cordiality than in official circles, and he felt more or less at home among them. This fact made him cling to his Paris mission, where it was felt at the time that it would be difficult to replace him, and where, later on, his appointment as Chancellor of the German Empire was received with a certain amount of sympathy.

Princess Hohenlohe was a fitting wife for that distinguished man. She was also a _grande dame_, highly born and highly connected, with some of the bluest blood in Europe flowing in her veins. She admirably filled her position as Ambassadress, and she made for herself in France, as everywhere else, a considerable number of friends.

Prince Hohenlohe’s successor, Count Munster, as I think I have already remarked, was in appearance more an Englishman than a German. His wife had been English, and he affected great sympathies for everything that was British, loving London, where he always declared he spent the happiest time of his life, and crossing the Channel whenever he found it possible to do so. He was in Paris at the time of the Dreyfus affair, and contrived not to make for himself too many enemies, in spite of the difficult position and circumstances in which he found himself during that anxious period. Among diplomats he was liked, his advice being always appreciated and mostly followed. I cannot say the same thing about his successor, Prince Radolin, formerly Count Radolinski, who, in spite of the many years he remained in Paris, did not succeed in attaining the great position which had belonged to Prince Hohenlohe or to Count Munster.

During the latter’s tenure of the German Embassy, the present Prince von Bülow was one of his secretaries. Intelligent, clever in noticing what ought to be noticed, and in not seeing the things which apparently did not concern him, he contrived to keep himself exceedingly well _au courant_ of all that was going on around him, and of the intentions and designs of French diplomacy. He was a man singularly unprejudiced, for whom the end always justified the means. He may perhaps have had too high an opinion of his own merits, and too much confidence in his power to do always what he liked and wanted. He could make himself very charming when he saw a personal advantage, and he was constantly on the look out for the things that others did not see or did not care to notice. His admiration for Prince Bismarck was unbounded, and he fondly nursed an ambition to replace him as Chancellor of the German Empire. Even at the time when he was a simple secretary at the Paris Embassy, he told a friend of his that he would probably never become an ambassador, but might, if circumstances favoured him, come to be at the head of Germany’s foreign policy.

Prince Bülow, who fell from his high position because he had not understood the character of the Emperor William II., and imagined that the latter would not notice or would forgive him for trying to keep him in leading-strings, married one of the most distinguished women in Europe, an Italian by birth, and the daughter of the Princesse de Camporeale. Madame Bülow was the wife of another German diplomat, Count Donhoff, when she made the acquaintance of the future Chancellor. No one can doubt his love for the beautiful and intelligent woman who at present is his wife.

The first Ambassador whom Russia sent to Paris after the signature of peace with Germany was Prince Orloff, one of her greatest noblemen. His exalted position and high moral character put him above any suspicion of playing a double game between France and Prussia, and he had, moreover, the advantage of being a personal friend of President Thiers. He remained at his post for something like ten years, and when he was removed to Berlin, at the express desire of Prince Bismarck, his departure was mourned by all those who knew him.

Of his successor, Baron Mohrenheim, I shall say no more than that he had a very complex personality. He was not liked in France nor in Russia; it is said that he only kept his post because he enjoyed the protection of the Empress Marie Feodorovna, the Consort of Alexander III.

It was M. Nelidoff who replaced him, and who remained in possession of the Russian Embassy in Paris until his death. M. Nelidoff was a diplomat of the old school, who had spent almost his whole career in the East, and who had served under Count Ignatieff in Constantinople, accompanying him to San Stefano, where his signature figures on the famous treaty which was signed there, and which Europe did not consent to accept. He was not a man who would shrink with horror when seeing something dirty under his feet, but rather one who would try not to step into it. No one knew better than he did how to get over a difficulty, or how to avoid a mistake. He can certainly be considered as an able diplomat, and certainly also he cut a better figure in Paris than his successor, M. Izvolski, whom wicked tongues in St. Petersburg nicknamed Izvostchik, which means a cabdriver.

Prince Orloff had had for private secretary during his stay in Paris Count Mouravieff, whom he took with him to Berlin, and who was ultimately to be put in possession of the Russian Foreign Office after the unexpected death of Prince Labanoff. Count Mouravieff was one of the most charmingly amiable men that Russian diplomacy ever possessed. His tact was something surpassing, and his cleverness, which had no shade of pedantry mixed with it, made him delightful. He has been accused of many things, including that of not being either a good or a faithful friend. I have had occasion to see that this was a most unjust and untrue reproach, because Count Muravieff, far from deserting those who had been his companions, when their worldly star did not shine any longer as brightly as it had done, was, on the contrary, always eager to oblige them in anything that he could possibly do for them, and kept up his relations with them sometimes even at the cost of some personal sacrifices. He was not liked by those who saw in him a possible rival, his quick career interfering with their own, but the few who knew him well esteemed him as much as they appreciated his intelligence and his pleasant conversation.

I must, before ending with these few words of remembrance that I have given of my former colleagues, say something about the Italian Ambassador, Count Tornielli, or rather about his wife, who was a Russian by birth, a Countess Rostopschine, the granddaughter of that Count Rostopschine who burned Moscow rather than give it up to Napoleon. She was an amiable woman, whose house was always open to her compatriots; one who had kept a great attachment for the land of her birth, and whose salon was a favourite resort for those who cared more for clever conversation than for polo or for tennis. She had a sister, the Countess Lydie Rostopschine, who has written several books full of interest, among them one called “Rastaquèropolis,” which is the best description that has ever been published of Nice society and in general of the life and the people of the French Riviera.

L’ENVOI

When I think of all those bright, happy days I spent in Paris I regret often that I cannot live them over again. I had hoped to be allowed to end my days on the banks of the Seine, in the gay city which has always proved so attractive to Russians. St. Petersburg did not interest me any longer. Its climate is far too severe for my old lungs and my everlasting rheumatism, and all the persons who were my friends in the old days have either died or disappeared from the social horizon. Fate ruled it otherwise, and my seventy-five years have not been allowed to remain in Paris where they believed they had found a home. An Imperial order removes me to another place where very probably I shall miss the attractions of Paris, and the resources which it offers to a bookworm like myself. Before going away I have read over again the reminiscences that in my idle moments I have scribbled for the benefit of those who care to read them when I am gone, and I have found a melancholy pleasure in doing so. It has been such a happy time, even for a misanthrope like myself. Each time I have left Paris it has been a joy to return, and to look once more on the familiar haunts where I used to walk in company with friends who, alas! have already gone. Would that I could follow them on that journey whence no one returns, before leaving Paris for ever; because at my age one cannot hope for anything that the morrow may bring along with it--this wonderful Paris, where is so much of what constituted my former pleasures, will remain buried. Russia can only increase my melancholy, it is so different from what it was when I was young, and when the sadness of the snow which covered its ground found no echo in my young heart.

* * * * *

Count Vassili’s wish was realised. He died just before his intended departure from the Paris he had loved so well.

INDEX

A

Abzac, Marquis d’, 151; influence in Germany, 152

Adam, Edmond, 191

----, Mme. Juliette, 188, 189; her antagonism to Bonapartism, 196; and Boulangism, 248, 253; and Gambetta, 192, 232

Agoult, Comtesse d’, 190

Alexander III., death of, 285

Amélie of Portugal, marriage of, 126

André, Mme. Edouard, 177, 180

Aosta, Duchess of, 46

Arnim, Count, 383

Aumale, Duc d’, banishment annulled, 139; biography of, 133; cause of banishment, 138; offered the Presidency, 145; in the Army, 137; popularity of, 124; and Trochu, 82

----, Duchesse d’, 141

B

Bartet, Mme., 379

Bazaine, Marshal, 64; trial of, 129

Beaulaincourt, Comtesse de, 23, 30

Beauvoir, Marquis de, and Boulangism, 247

Bernhardt, Madame Sarah, 379

Berryer, M., 48

Biron, Vicomte de Gontaut, 161; and Bismarck, 162

----, Comte de Gontaut, 349

Bisaccia, Duc et Duchesse de la Rochefoucauld, 169

Bismarck and Gambetta, 238; and Jules Favre, 73; and Vicomte de Gontaut Biron, 162

Bonaparte, Prince Pierre, private life of, 40

----, Prince Victor, shoots Victor Noir, 39

----, Princess Marie, marriage of, 41

Bonnat, Joseph Leon, 142

Bonnemains, Madame de, and Boulanger, 247, 256

Bontoux, M., and the Union Générale, 227

Boulanger, General, 244; elected to Chamber, 247; flight of, 255; retirement of, 246; returns to Paris in disguise, 247; suicide of, 256

---- Plot, the, 244

Boulangism, the beginnings of, 246

Boulangists and the Comte de Paris, 125

Bourget, Paul, 377

Briand, Aristide, career of, 366; political future of, 363; and the Socialists, 368

Brisson, Barnabé, Nicholas II. visits, 289

Broglie, Duc de, 147; an ardent Orleanist, 158; biography of, 156; and Feuillet, 158

----, Prince Amédée de, 159

----, Princesse de, 160

Bülow, Prince von, 385

C

Caillavet, Madame de, 332

Canrobert, Marshal, candidature for Presidency, 145

Carnot, Sadi, 245; as President, 271; becomes candidate for Presidency, 229; murder of, 271

Castellane, Comte de, affairs of, 316

Castellane, Comtesse Jean de, 350

----, Marquis de, 349

Castelnau, General, and the Prince Imperial, 60

Castiglione, Comtesse de, 53

Cavaignac, M., and the Dreyfus affair, 328

Chambord, Comte de, biography of the, 112; death of, 116; funeral of, 122; dispute with MacMahon, 218; home life of, 112; and Marshal MacMahon, 115-118; and the Monarchical restoration, 115; and the Republic, 88; and Versailles, 116

Chantilly, bequeathed to the French Academy, 139; glories of, 124, 134

Chanzy, General, defeated at Orleans, 81

Chartres, Duc de, characteristics of, 128; marriage of, 130; and the Franco-Prussian War, 128

Claretie, Jules, 217, 376

Clemenceau, Georges, influence of, 309; and Baron Mohrenheim, 280; and Comtesse d’Aunay, 310; and Edward VII., 361; and Fallières, 358; and Russia, 279; and the Commune, 92; and the Dreyfus affair, 312, 321

Cléry, Maître, 140

Clotilde of Savoy, Princesse, 45; and Empress Eugénie, 14

Commune, the, fight with Thiers’ troops at Père-la-Chaise, 95; opinions on, 94; outbreak of the, 87; stamping out the, 97

Compiègne, life at, 9, 25

Conneau, Dr., contrives Napoleon’s escape from Ham, 21; Napoleon’s friendship with, 20

Constant, M., and General Boulanger, 255

Conti, M., 23

D

Darboy, Archbishop, assassination of, 95

Daudet, Alphonse, 215

----, Ernest, 217

----, Leon, 216

----, Lucien, 216

----, Madame Alphonse, 335

_Débats, Journal des_, 299

Decazes, Duc, 147; as Minister of Foreign Affairs, 160; biography of, 156

Delahaye, Jules, denounces Panama affairs in Chamber, 263

Déroulède, Paul, and Boulangism, 248, 252

Dillon, Count, and Boulangism, 247

Donnersmarck, Count Henckel von, 238

Dorian, Madame Ménard, 332

Dreyfus affair, 318; a family incident, 336; the religious element, 328; the verdict, 319; and Faure, 295; and Zola, 323

----, Captain, in the dock, 318; personality of, 323

Dumas, Alex., 211

----, Colette, 213

----, Jeannine, 213

E

Empire, last days of the, 48

Esterhazy, Col., and the Dreyfus affair, 326

Eugénie, Empress, 3, 9, 26, 65; as Regent, 63; attitude before the Franco-Prussian War, 59; bravery as a nurse, 11; flight of, 71; leaves St. Cloud, 63; unpopularity during war, 59; and her son, 12; and Marshal MacMahon, 64; and peace negotiations, 78; and the 4th of September, 37; and Thiers, 104. (_See also under_ Napoleon III.)

F

Fallières, André, 365

----, Armand, at St. Petersburg, 362; elected to the Presidency, 358; and Clemenceau, 358; and the Vatican, 359

----, Madame, 364

Falloux, Comte de, 214

Faure, Félix, at the Elysée, 283; death of, 294; early career, 276; elected to Presidency, 276; supposed overtures to Germany, 296; visits Nicholas II., 294; and Nicholas II., in Paris, 284; and the Russian Fleet, 277

Favre, Jules, makes a false move, 90; and Bismarck, 73; and the Franco-Prussian War, 75

Ferry, Jules, advocates the Republic, 68; and Esterhazy, 326

Feuillet, Octave, 28

Flaubert, Gustave, personality of, 375

Fleury, General, 23

Flourens, Pierre, and the Panama scandal, 267

Fontainebleau, life at, 25

Fortoul, M. de, 150

France, Anatole, personality of, 374

France, estimation of patriotism in, 96

Franco-Prussian War, capitulation of Paris, 83; defeat of army of Chanzy, 81; effect on Monarchy, 63; first disasters in, 63; peace negotiations at Versailles, 84; Prince Imperial at, 62; Prussian troops enter Paris, 84; the Emperor’s review outside Paris, 86; the eve of the, in Paris, 56; troops’ return from captivity, 94

Franco-Russian misunderstanding, 313

---- entente, the, 278, 285

French court life under Napoleon, 111

Freycinet, M. de, 224, 229

G

Galliera, Duchesse de, 177

Galiffet, Marquise de, 29

Gambetta, Leon, as Prime Minister 236; biography of, 231; death of, 241; forms his Cabinet, 236; his chief ambition, 233; his early social errors, 194; his estimation of MacMahon, 224; his projected marriage, 239; in 1871, 88; the mystery of his accident, 239; and Bismarck, 238; and Comte de St. Vallier, 237; and European politics, 233; and Germany, 233; and Madame Juliette Adam, 192; and the 4th of September, 65

_Gaulois_, the, 303

Gortschakoff, Prince, and the Russian canard, 164

Gonne, Miss Maud, and Boulangism, 253

Gramont, Duc de, 46; at Vienna, 47

----, Duchesse de, 351

Granier, Jeanne, Madame, 380

Grévy, Jules, as President, 225; resigns the Presidency, 228; and Daniel Wilson, 227

H

Hading, Jane, Madame, 380

Hanotaux, Gabriel, as a writer, 297

Harcourt, Vicomte Emmanuel d’, 149

Henry, Colonel, and the Dreyfus affair, 327

Herz, Cornelius, and the Panama Canal 259

Hohenlohe, Prince, 383; as Ambassador, 276

Hohenzollern, Prince Leopold of, and the Spanish throne, 52

Hugo, Georges, 334

Humbert, Madame, 355

I

Imperial, Prince, and the Franco-Prussian War, 60

J

Jacquemard, Mlle. Nelly, 180, 182

Jaurès, M., and the Socialists, 369

_Journal_, the, 299

L

Lacroix, Madame, 58, 188

Laguerre, George, and Boulangism, 248, 251

Lamartine, M. de, 48

Lambert, Madame Juliette, 190. (_See also_ Adam, Juliette.)

_Lanterne_, the, 304

Lasteyrie, Marquis Jules de, 194

Lecomte, assassination of, 91

Legitimists, position of, under Third Republic, 168

Lemaitre, Jules, 141

Léon, Princesse de, 179

Lesseps, Ferdinand de, mental breakdown of, 264; sentenced to imprisonment, 265; and the Panama Canal, 258. (_See also_ Panama scandal.)

----, Charles de, 259; his affection for his father, 264. (_See also_ Panama scandal.)

Loti, Pierre, personality of, 376

Loubet, Emile, achievements during Presidency, 313; elected to the Presidency, 308; in London, 314; in Rome, 314; Nicholas II. visits, 289; refuses to visit the Pope, 315; and the Catholic rupture, 311; and the Dreyfus affair, 312

Luynes, Duchesse de, 169, 172

Lyons, Lord, 383

M

MacMahon, Marshal, at the Elysée, 147; _coup d’état_ of, 159; death of, 155; dispute with Comte de Chambord, 218; elements of failure as President, 221; fall of, 218; his letter to Jules Simon, 149; overthrow of, 154; Presidency of, 144; proceeds to join Marshal Bazaine, 64; retires from Presidency, 226; and the Comte de Chambord, 115, 118; and d’Harcourt, 149; and the _coup d’état_ of May 16th, 223; and Thiers, 110

Magenta, Duc de, 148

----, Duchesse de, 148

Maillé, Duchesse de, 186

Mathilde, Princess, 14; and Taine, 209

_Matin_, the, 298

Maupassant, Guy de, personality of, 376

May, the 16th of, 218

Mazas, prison invaded by mob, 83

Mérimée, M., 27

Messine, Mlle. Juliette la, 190. (_See also_ Adam, Juliette, _and_ Lambert, Juliette.)

Metternich, Prince, 382; and Adolphe Thiers, 102

---- Princess Paul, 2, 17

Meyer, Arthur, career of, 301; starts the Panama revelations, 262; and Boulangism, 247; and Charles de Lesseps, 260

Millevoye, Lucien, and Boulangism, 248, 252

Mirbeau, Octave, career of, 372

Mocquard, M., 21

Mohrenheim, Baron de, and Clemenceau, 280; and Faure, 277

Monaco, Princesse de, 175

Monarchist restoration, chances of, in 1871, 88

Montagnini, Mgr., and the Catholic crisis, 360

Montalembert, Charles de, 49

Montebello, Comtesse Jean de, 346

Morès, Marquis de, and Russia, 279

Mouchy, Duc de, marries Princess Anna Murat, 167

Mun, Count Albert de, and Boulangism, 248, 250

Munster, Count, as Ambassador, 275, 385; and the Dreyfus affair, 274

Murat, Princess Anna, and Empress Eugénie, 16

Muravieff, Count, 387

N

Napoleon III., at the Franco-Prussian War, 58; end of his dynasty, 70; in 1868, 3; influence of, 67; leaves St. Cloud, 60; personal characteristics, 6; and Italian secret societies, 6

----, Prince, and Empress Eugénie, 14

----, Prince Louis, 45

----, Prince “Plon Plon,” 43

National Assembly, first meeting of the, 225; ratifies peace, 87

---- Guard, the disarmament trouble begins, 90

Nelidoff, M. de, 387

Nerville, Madame Aubernon de, 188

Nicholas II. at Chalons, 290; at the Russian Embassy, 290; visits Brisson, 289; visits Loubet, 289; visits Paris, 284, 287

Nigra, Count, 32, 382; a significant prophecy, 33

Noailles, Comtesse Mathieu de, 337

Noir, Victor, shot by Prince Pierre, 39

O

Ollivier, Emile, 24, 38; changes in Cabinet of, 46; Ministry of, distrusted, 48; urges Napoleon’s return to Paris, 64

Orleanism, hopes of, 220

Orleans, Duc d’, 127

---- family, 131

Orleanist cause, the, 123

Orleanists and the confiscated millions, 123; and the Republic, 88

Orloff, Prince, 386

P

Panama Scandal, money becomes scarce, 258; the Canal scheme, 257; the lottery is suggested, 258; the public trial, 265; and the Republic, 269

Paris, Bismarck and the Peace of, 73; capitulation of, 83; during the siege, 73; experiences of, during revolution, 78; invasion of Mazas by the mob, 83; news of Sedan reaches, 66; on the eve of the Franco-Prussian War, 56; population fraternises with Prussians, 85; prepares for the siege, 71; Prussian troops enter, 84; September 4th in, 65; settles down after Commune, 97; society after the fall of the Empire, 166; society in 1868, 1; society of to-day, 343; society under Loubet, 315; the Commune, 87; Thiers returns after the Commune, 97; visit of Nicholas II., 284, 287; food during siege, 80

----, Comte de, personality of, 125; and the Boulangists, 125

Peace negotiations of Franco-Prussian War, 84

Pellieux, General de, and the Dreyfus affair, 327

Périer, Casimir, early career of, 272; elected President, 273; strength of character, 273; why he resigned Presidency, 274

Père-la-Chaise, the fight at, 95

_Petit Parisien_, the, 300

Plebiscite, the, first suggested, 41

“Plon Plon,” Prince, 43

Pobedonosteff, M., and Boulangism, 254

Poilly, Baronne de, 30

Pourtalès, Comtesse Mélanie de, 17, 19, 180

Press, the French, 297

_Presse_, the, 304

Prévost, Marcel, personality of, 378

Psichari, Madame, 335

R

Radziwill family, the, 352

Reinach, Baron Jacques, and the Panama Scandal, 261

Réjane, Madame, 380

Renan, Ernest, 205

----, Henriette, 206

Republic, the Third, birth of the, 69; disbelief in its stability, 88; Jules Ferry incites revolt, 68; the mistake of the, 74

Revolution, excesses during the, 77; of 1870, start of the, 69

Rochefort-Luçay, Henri, Marquis de, as a journalist, 305; and Boulangism, 248

Rochefoucauld, Comte de la, 174

----, Comtesse Aimery de la, 174

----, La, family of, 173

Rochette, career of, 355; scandal, 355

Rodin and Mirbeau, 373

Rohan, Duchesse de, 179

Rostopschine, Countess Lydie, 388

Rothschild, Baron Henri de, 339

Rouher, M., 38; character sketch of, 42; and the Plebiscite, 42

Rouvier, Maurice, as candidate for the Presidency, 308; characteristics of, 340; and the Panama Scandal, 267

S

St. Vallier, Comte de, and Gambetta, 237

Sagan, Prince and Princesse de, 183

----, Princesse de, 128

Sedan, fall of, news received in Paris, 66

September 4th in Paris, 65

Siege of Paris, 73; food during, 80

Simon, Jules, as Prime Minister, 221

Socialism in France, 368

Sorel, Cecile, 379, 380

Spain, Prince Leopold of Hohenzollern and the throne of, 52

T

Taine, Hippolyte, 209

Talleyrand, Duc de, 186

_Temps_, the, 298

Thiebaud, George, and Boulangism, 247

Thiers, Adolphe, as a historical writer, 100; characteristics of, 99; death of, 110; elected head of National Assembly, 89; explains his severity during the Commune, 108; flight of, to Versailles, 9; imprisonment of, 103; M. and Madame, at the Elysée, 167; Ministry overturned, 144; negotiates for peace, 84; opposes the Plebiscite, 41; returns to Paris after Commune, 97; his troops defeat Communards at Père-la-Chaise, 95; and Empress Eugénie, 104; and Marshal MacMahon, 110; and Prince Metternich, 102; and the Bonapartists, 109; and the Commune, 106; and the Empire, 104; and the situation in 1871, 89

Thomas, Clément, assassination of, 91

Tornielli, Comtesse, 388

Tradern, Comtesse de, 350

Trochu, General, 65; conduct during the siege of Paris, 81; and Duc d’Aumale, 82

Tsartoryski, Prince Ladislas, 351

Tuileries, the, forced by the mob, 1870, 70; life at, 24

U

Union-Générale collapse, 226

Uzès, Duchesse d’, and Boulangism 248, 269, 251

V

Valovska, Countess, 17

Viollet-le-Duc, M., 29

Vogué, Vicomte de, 377

W

Wilson, Daniel, and President Grévy, 227

Wimpffen, General, 76

Z

Zola, Emile, 214, 336; burial in the Panthéon, 324; and the Dreyfus affair, 323

----, Madame, 336

PRINTED BY CASSELL & COMPANY, LIMITED, LA BELLE SAUVAGE, LONDON, E.C.