CHAPTER XIII

IN THE MARNE

Reims--The capital of the French kings--Clotilde and Clovis, Jeanne d'Arc and Urban II.--Vineyards and factories--The wines of Champagne known and unknown--The red wine of Bouzy--Mr. Canning and still Champagne--The syndication of famous brands--A visit to the cardinal archbishop--Employers and employed--The Catholic workmen's clubs and the Christian corporations--M. Léon Harmel--The religious education of a factory--How the workmen Christianised themselves--The conversion of a wife by a gown--The local authorities discouraging religion--'Planting Christians like vines'--'The Rights of Man' and capital and labour--Mediæval and modern methods compared--Capital and universal suffrage--Money in the first Revolution--Le Pelletier, the millionaire, and the mobs of the Palais Royal--The dramatic justice of a murder--Unwritten chapters of revolutionary history--The duty of employers--'The Masters' Catechism'--The invasion of 1870 and the Christian corporations--Modern syndications and the ancient _maîtrise_--Professional syndicates and professional strikes--Good out of evil--The working men and the upper classes--Count Albert de Mun--A popular vote against universal suffrage--The Holy See and the Catholic labour movement in France--The parochial clergy and the laymen--The Wesleyans and the Catholics--Privileged purveyors--The financial aspect of the Catholic corporations--A revival of the old guilds--The national system of the corporations--Provincial and general assemblies--The German _Cultur-Kampf_ and the French Catholic clubs--The Republican attack on religion--Religious freedom and freedom from religion--The State church of unbelief--The 'moral unity' men--Napoleon and Guizot--The Jacobins of 1792 and 1879--Moral unity under Louis XIV.--Alva and M. Jules Ferry--A chapter of the Revolution at Reims--Mr. Carlyle's little 'murder of about eight persons'--The political influence of massacres--The 'days of September' and the elections to the Convention--How they chose Jacobin deputies at Reims--The documentary story of the eight murders--Mayors under the Republic--The defence of Lille--How the Republic voted a monument and Louis Philippe built it--Desecration of a great cathedral--The legend of Ruhl and the sacred ampulla--The demolition of St.-Nicaise and the bargain of Santerre--How Napoleon disciplined the Faubourg St.-Antoine--Is the Cathedral of Reims in danger?--Its restoration under the cardinal archbishop--The budget of public worship--Expenses of the administration--The salaries of the clergy, Protestant and Catholic--Jewish rabbis paid less than servants in the Ministère--Steady cutting down of the budget--No statistics of religious opinion in France--A Benedictine archbishop--Great increase of the religious sentiment in Reims--The Church driven by the Republic into opposition--Léon Say and the present Government--The home of Montaigne--A deputy of the Dordogne invalidated to snub Léon Say--Socrates and David Hume in modern France--Dogmatic irreligion--Jules Simon on the proscription of Christianity--Abolishing the history of France--A practical protest of the Catholic Marne--The great pope of the crusades--Catholic and Masonic processions--The Triduum of Urban II.--A great celebration at Châtillon--Hildebrand and his disciple--The Angelus and the 'Truce of God'--Mgr. Freppel on the anti-religious war--Jeanne d'Arc at Reims--A magnificent festival--Gounod's Mass of the Maid of Orléans--Catholic protest against the persecution of the Jews--The Republic threatens the grand rabbis with the archbishops--Deriding a death-bed in a hospital--The amnesty of the Communards--The rehabilitation of crime--Tyranny in the village schools--Religious freedom in France and Turkey--The home of Jeanne d'Arc--'Laicising' Domrémy-la-Pucelle--Piety and hypnotism--The chamber and garden of Jeanne--Louis XI. and the French yeomen--A shrine converted into a show--A scurvy job in a place of pilgrimage--The banner of Patay--Jeanne and her voices--A western worshipper of the Maid of Orléans--The Château de Bourlémont--The Princesse d'Hénin and Madame de Staël--The revolutionary traffic in passports--A generous act of Madame Du Barry--'Laicisation' in the Vosges--The defeat of Jules Ferry--The Monarchists going up, the Republicans going down 369-436