France and England in North America, Part IV: The Old Régime In Canada

_The Iroquois War.--Father Poncet.-->His Adventures.--Jesuit Boldness.--Le Moyne’s Mission.--Chaumonot and Dablon.--Iroquois Ferocity.--The Mohawk Kidnappers.--Critical Position...

_Church and State.--The Bishop and the King.--The King and the Cures.--The New Bishop.--The Canadian Cure.--Ecclesiastical Rule.--Saint-Vallier and Denonville.--Clerical Rigor.-...

_Trade in Fetters.--The Hüguenot Merchants.--Royal Patronage.--The Fisheries.--Cries for Help.--Agriculture.--Manufactures.--Arts of Ornament.--Finance.--Card Money.--Repudiatio...

_Social Influence of the Troops.--A Petty Tyrant.--Brawls.--Violence and Outlawry.--State of the Population.--Views of Denonville.--Brandy.--Beggary.--The Past and the Present.-...

|The government of Canada was formed in its chief features after the government of a French province. Throughout France the past and the present stood side by side. The kingdom...

_Dauversière.--Mance and Bourgeoys.--Miracle.--A Pious Defaulter.-- Jesuit and Sulpitian.--Montreal in 1659.--The Hospital Nuns.--The Nuns and the Iroquois.--More Miracles.--The...

|Canadian society was beginning to form itself, and at its base was the feudal tenure. European feudalism was the indigenous and natural growth of political and social condition...

|Canada had writhed for twenty years, with little respite, under the scourge of Iroquois war. During a great part of this dark period the entire French population was less than...

_Courcelle’s March.--His Failure and Return.--Courcelle and the Jesuits.--Mohawk Treachery.--Tracy’s Expedition.--Burning of the Mohawk Towns.--French and English.--Dollier de C...

|The peopling of Canada was due in the main to the king. Before the accession of Louis XIV. the entire population, priests, nuns, traders, and settlers, did not exceed twenty-fi...

visited Queylus at Mont St. Valérien, after his return from Canada. “II me prit à part; nous nous promenâmes assez longtemps dans le jardin et il m’ouvrit son cœur sur la condui...

|Leave Canada behind; cross the sea, and stand, on an evening in June, by the edge of the forest of Fontainebleau. Beyond the broad gardens, above the long ranges of moonlit tre...

|For a year or two after De Tracy had chastised the Mohawks, and humbled the other Iroquois nations, all was rose color on the side of that dreaded confederacy. The Jesuits, def...

|When Argenson arrived to assume the government, a curious greeting had awaited him. The Jesuits asked him to dine; vespers followed the repast; and then they conducted him into...

|Though the proposals of Avaugour’s memorial were not adopted, it seems to have produced a strong impression at court. For this impression the minds of the king and his minister...

|We have seen that Laval, when at court, had been invited to choose a governor to his liking. He soon made his selection. There was a pious officer, Saffray de Mézy, major of th...

|We have seen the settler landed and married; let us follow him to his new home. At the end of Talon’s administration, the head of the colony, that is to say the island of Montr...

|We are touching delicate ground. To many excellent Catholics of our own day Laval is an object of veneration. The Catholic university of Quebec glories in bearing his name, and...

|That memorable journey of Laval to court, which caused the dissolution of the Company of New France, the establishment of the Supreme Council, the recall of Avaugour, and the a...

|Tracy’s work was done, and he left Canada with the glittering _noblesse_ in his train. Courcelle and Talon remained to rule alone; and now the great experiment was begun. Pater...

It is easy to see the nature of the education, past and present, which wrought on the Canadians and made them what they were. An ignorant population, sprung from a brave and act...

|Canada, gasping under the Iroquois tomahawk, might, one would suppose, have thought her cup of tribulation full, and, sated with inevitable woe, have sought consolation from th...