Forge work

=178. Refining Pig Iron.=—Two distinct methods have been adopted for the conversion of pig iron into wrought iron, each depending upon the kind of furnace used. They are called...

=1. The Forge.=—The forge is an open hearth or fireplace used by the blacksmith for heating his metals. The kind most commonly used by the general smiths is such as can be seen...

=44. The Hammer Blows.=—Metal can be forced into desired shapes or forms by delivering the hammer blows in different ways. All hammer blows are not alike; some will have one eff...

The weakest places in a pair of tongs are where the shoulders or offsets are formed for the jaws and handles. These places should be reënforced by fillets as large as the useful...

Draw 1 inch of each end to a flat chisel-shaped point 1/4 inch wide; these drawn ends should be 1-3/4 inches long, leaving 3 inches of round stock between them. Heat the center...

=112. A Forging.=—A forging is an article made of metal, generally steel or iron, and produced by heating and hammering. It may be used for either practical or ornamental purpos...

=155. Iron Ore.=—An ore is a portion of the earth’s substance containing metal for which it is mined and worked; the class to which it belongs depends upon the amount and variet...

=85. Selecting and Working Steel.=—In making a tool, the differences in quality of steel should be considered, because steel suitable for a razor would not do for a cold chisel...

=141. Art Smithing.=—This subject might appropriately be considered a separate branch, because many smiths, who really deserve the credit of being excellent mechanics, have neve...

Fire Tools; 3. Fuels; 4. The Anvil; 5. The Hammers; 6. The ball peen hammer; 7. The cross peen hammer; 8. The straight peen hammer; 9. The sledges; 10. The Tongs; 11. The flat-j...

Forging; 113. The Drop Hammer; 114. Presses; 115. The Steam Hammer; 116. Steam Hammer Tools; 117. The hack or cutter; 118. The circular cutter; 119. The trimming chisel; 120. Th...

45. The upright blow; 46. The edge-to-edge blow; 47. The overhanging blow; 48. The beveling or angle blows; 49. The leverage blows; 50. The backing-up blows; 51. The shearing bl...

Iron Ore; 156. Magnetite; 157. Red hematite; 158. Limonite or brown hematite; 159. Ferrous carbonate; 160. The Value of Ores; 161. Preparation of Ores; 162. Weathering; 163. Was...

92. Heavy Flat Tongs; 93. Light Chain Tongs; 94. Lathe Tools; 95. Brass Tool; 96. Cutting-off or Parting Tool; 97. Heavy Boring Tool; 98. Light Boring or Threading Tool; 99. Dia...

Smithing; 142. Scroll Fastenings; 143. Scroll Former; 144. Bending or Twisting Fork; 145. Bending or Twisting Wrench; 146. Clip Former; 147. Clip Holder; 148. Clip Tightener or...

Spike; 70. S Hook; 71. Pipe Hook; 72. Gate Hook; 73. Door Hasp; 74. Hexagonal Head Bolt; 75. Square-cornered Angle; 76. Fagot Welding; 77. Round Weld; 78. Flat Right-angled Weld...