Part 9

Fruits: Page Winged Silver Maple 98 Red Maple 99 Southern Sugar Maple 126 Sugar Maple 126 Big Tooth Maple 126 Mountain Maple 126 Pod Desertwillow 119 Wahoo 125 Drupe (or berry) Blackhaw 121

Fruits: Page Drupe (or berry) Hawthorn 78 Mayhaw 79 Mexican Plum 80 Black Sloe 81 Black Cherry 82 Laurelcherry 83 Holly 96 Yaupon 97 Basswood 103, 126 Tupelo Gum 106 Sweetleaf 111 Sweet Myrtle 123 Anaqua 128 Winged The Elms 61-64 Multiple Fruit Cottonwood 36, 123 Black Willow 37 Red Mulberry 68 Sweetgum 76 Alder (cone-like) 123 Nut Blue Beech (nut-like) 38 Ironwood (cone-like) 39 River Birch (cone-like) 40 American Beech 41 Chinkapin 42 Planer Tree 65 Acorns Red Oaks 43-47 White Oaks 51, 60

TREES WITH COMPOUND LEAVES

Fruits: Page Winged Baretta 124

Fruits: Page Pod Mesquite 87 Black Locust 91 Coral Bean 124 Guajillo 123 Multiple Fruit Flameleaf Sumac (large headed) 94 Guayacan (capsule) 124 Drupe (or berry) Poison-Sumac 95 Wild China-tree 102 Tree of Heaven 125 Chinaberry 125 Smoke Tree 125 Pistache 125

Fruits: Page Winged Boxelder 100 Water Ash 113 White Ash 114 Green Ash 115 Mexican Ash 128

Fruits: Page Nut The Walnuts 28 The Hickories 29-34 Ohio Buckeye 101 Drupe (or berry) Devils-Walkingstick (capsule-like) 92 Pod Waterlocust 90 Winged Hoptree 93

TREES WITH DOUBLY-COMPOUND LEAVES

Fruits: Page Pod Texas Ebony 84 Catclaw Acacia 85 Leadtree (Mimosa) 86, 124 Honeylocust 89 Huisache (Sweet Acacia) 123

Fruits: Page Drupe (or berry) Devils-Walkingstick 92 Hercules-Club 104

TREES THAT PREFER WET SITES

Page Baldcypress 25 Water Hickory 31 Corkwood 35 Cottonwood 36 Black Willow 37 Blue Beech (Hornbeam) 38 Ironwood (Hophornbeam) 39 Red Birch (River Birch) 40 Water Oak 48 Willow Oak 49 Bur Oak 57 Overcup Oak 58 Swamp Chestnut Oak 59 Sweetbay 71 Sweetgum 76 The Hawthorns 78, 79 Waterlocust 90 Poison-Sumac 95 Yaupon 97 Blackgum (Black Tupelo) 105 Tupelo-Gum (Water Tupelo) 106 Water Ash 113 Swamp Privet 116 Alder 123

HARDWOOD TREES WITH EVERGREEN LEAVES

Page Live Oak 52 Southern Magnolia 70 Redbay 73 American Holly 96 Yaupon 97 Tree Sparkleberry (Tree Huckleberry) 108 Baretta 124

TREES WHOSE LEAVES TURN RED IN AUTUMN

Page Red Oak 46 Sweetgum 76 The Hawthorns 78 The Sumacs 94 Red Maple 99 Blackgum 105 Flowering Dogwood 107 Sugar Maple (yellow as well) 126

TREES WHOSE LEAVES TURN YELLOW IN AUTUMN

Page The Hickories 29-34 The Cottonwoods 36, 123 Black Willow 37 Hophornbeam (Blue Beech) 38 River Birch 40 Most of the Oaks (except Red Oak) 43-60 Bios-d’arc (Osage Orange) 69 Southern Magnolia 70 Pawpaw 72 Mesquite 87 Redbud 88 Hercules-Club 92 Red Maple 99 Ohio Buckeye 101 Devils-Walkingstick 104 The Ashes 113-115, 128 Fringetree 117 Catalpa 118 Sugar Maple (red as well) 126

TREES WITH SEEDS WINGED OR WITH PARACHUTE-LIKE ATTACHMENTS

Page The Cottonwoods 36, 123 Black Willow 37 American Hornbeam (Blue Beech) 38 Ironwood 39 River Birch 40 The Elms 61-64 Planer Tree 65 Sweetgum 76 American Sycamore 77 Hoptree 93 The Maples 98-99, 126 The Basswoods 103, 126 Silverbell 112 The Ashes 113-115, 128 Catalpa 118 Desertwillow 119 Buttonbush 120 Alder 123 Tree of Heaven 125

TREES WITH SOFT BERRY-LIKE FRUIT

Page The Hackberries 66, 67 The Mulberries 68 Osage Orange (Bois-d’arc) 69 Redbay 73 Sassafras 74 The Hawthorns 78-79 The Cherries and Plums 80-83 American Holly 96 Yaupon 97 Black and Tupelo Gum 105, 106 Dogwood 107 Tree Sparkleberry (Tree Huckleberry) 108 Gum Bumelia (Gum Elastic) 109 Persimmon 110, 127 Fringetree 117 Rusty Blackhaw 121

TREES WHICH PRODUCE NUTS

Page The Walnuts 28 The Hickories 29-34 American Beech 41 Chinkapin 42 The Oaks 43-60 Ohio Buckeye 101

TREES WITH PODS AS FRUIT

Page Corkwood 35 Texas Ebony 84 Catclaw Acacia 85 Leadtree (Mimosa) 86, 124 Mesquite 87 Redbud 88 Honeylocust 89 Waterlocust 90 Black Locust 91 Catalpa 118 Desertwillow 119 Huisache (Sweet Acacia) 123 Guajillo 123 Coral Bean 124 Mexican Leadtree 124

TREES WITH BRIGHT RED FRUIT

Page Red Mulberry 68 The Magnolias 70, 71 The Hawthorns 78, 79 Shining Sumac 94 American Holly 96

TREES WITH SPINES OR THORNS

Page Osage-Orange (Bois-d’arc) 69 The Hawthorns 78, 79 Texas Ebony 84 Catclaw Acacia 85 Leadtree (Mimosa) 86, 124 Mesquite 87 Honeylocust 89 Waterlocust 90 Black Locust 91 Prickly Ash 92 Devils-Walkingstick 104 Huisache (Sweet Acacia) 123

TREES WITH CORKY PROJECTIONS ON TWIGS

Page Bur Oak (Mossy-Cup Oak) 57 Winged Elm 62 Cedar Elm 63 Sweetgum 76

TREES WHOSE TWIGS HAVE A CHAMBERED PITH

Page Walnut 28 Hackberry 66 Sugarberry 67

TREES KNOWN BY THE COLOR AND SHAPE OF THE TWIG PITH

Page Star-shaped in Cross-section The Cottonwoods 36, 123 The Oaks 43-60 Triangular in Cross-section Alder 123 Brown in Color The Walnuts 28 The Sumacs 94

TREES WITH SINGLE LARGE FLOWERS

Page Magnolia 70 Pawpaw 72

TREES WITH FLOWERS IN CLUSTERS

Page Redbay 73 The Hawthorns 78-79 The Plums and Cherries 80-83 Redbud 88 Black Locust 91 Devils-Walkingstick 92 Hercules-Club 92 Hoptree 93 The Sumacs 94 Poison-Sumac 95 Yaupon 97 Ohio Buckeye 101 Western Soapberry 102 The Basswoods 103, 126 Flowering Dogwood 107 Silverbell 112 Fringetree 117 Catalpa 118 Rusty Blackhaw 121

TREES WHOSE BLOSSOMS APPEAR BEFORE OR WITH THE LEAVES

Page The Walnuts 28 The Hickories 29-34 The Cottonwoods 36, 123 Black Willow 37 Ironwood 38 Eastern Hophornbeam 39 River Birch 40 The Oaks 43-60 The Elms 61-64 Sassafras 74 Redbud 88 The Maples 98, 99, 126 The Ashes 113-115, 128 Alder 123

TREES WHOSE BLOSSOMS APPEAR AFTER THE LEAVES

Page Chinkapin 42 Magnolia 70 Honeylocust 89 Black Locust 91 The Sumacs 94 Ohio Buckeye 101 Basswood 103, 126 Flowering Dogwood 107 Persimmon 110, 127 Silverbell 112 Fringetree 117 Catalpa 118 Mountain Maple 126

Glossary

A Achene—A small, hard, dry, 1-celled, indehiscent fruit. Acrid—Sharp or biting to the taste. Acuminate—Tapering at end to a gradual point. Acute—Terminating in a sharp angle. Aggregate fruit—Cluster of ripened ovaries produced from a single flower containing numerous pistils inserted on a common receptacle. Example: fruit of magnolia or blackberry. Alternate—Not opposite on the axis, but borne at regular intervals at different levels. Anther—Pollen-bearing structure of a stamen. Apex—The tip or end of a bud or leaf, i.e., the part opposite the base. Apical—Pertaining to the tip, end, or apex. Appressed—Lying tight or close against. Aromatic—Fragrant; with a pleasing odor. Astringent—Contracting; drawing together. Axil—The upper angle formed by a leaf or branch with a stem. Axis—The central line of an organ; a stem.

B Bark—The outer covering of a trunk or branch. Basal—Pertaining to or situated at the base. Berry—A fruit which is fleshy or pulpy throughout, and with several seeds imbedded in the pulpy mass. Bisexual—Having both stamens and pistils, i.e., male and female. Bloom—A powdery or somewhat waxy substance easily rubbed off. Also, to produce or yield blossoms. Bole—The main axis or trunk of a tree. Bract—Modified leaf subtending a flower or belonging to an inflorescence. Bud-scales—Modified leaves covering a bud. Bundle-scars—Scars on the surface of a leaf-scar. Severed ends of the fibro-vascular bundles which connected the twigs with the leaves.

C Calyx—The outer perianth or floral envelope, usually green in color; sepals, collectively. Cambium—A thin-walled formative tissue between the bark and wood. The active growing portion of the tree. Carpel—A simple pistil or one member of a compound pistil. Capsule—A dry fruit composed of more than one carpel and splitting open at maturity. Catkin—An ament or spike of unisexual flowers. Chambered—Said of the pith when interrupted by hollow spaces at rather regular intervals. Ciliate—Fringed with hairs on the margin. Collateral—Accessory buds at the sides of auxiliary buds. Compound—Composed of two or more similar parts united in a whole. Conical—Cone-shaped. Conifers—A group of trees which usually produce their fruit in the form of a cone or modified cone. Coniferous—Cone-bearing. Corolla—The petals of a flower collectively. Cordate—Heart-shaped. Crenate—Rounded teeth. Crown—The upper mass of branches; also known as head. Cuneate—Wedge-shaped.