Part 10

D Deciduous—Falling off, usually at the close of the season. Defoliation—Removal of foliage. Dehiscent—Splitting open at maturity. Deliquescent—Said of the form of a tree with a broad spreading habit. The branches sub-divide until they apparently disappear. Deltoid—Triangular like Greek symbol for delta. Dentate—Toothed, usually with the teeth directed outwards. Diffuse-porous—Equal-pored. Said of wood when pores in a growth ring are equal in size. Dioecious—Unisexual, with the staminate and pistillate flowers on separate plants. Disseminated—Scattered, thrown, broadcast. Divergent—Pointing away; extending out. Said of buds which point away from the twigs. Downy—Covered with fine hairs. Drupe—A fleshy fruit with a pit or stone like a cherry.

E Elliptical—Shaped like an ellipse with sloping ends. Elongated—Long, drawn out. Entire-margined—Margin smooth, not cut or toothed. Excurrent—Said of a tree with a continuous trunk and erect habit of growth. Exfoliation—Splitting or cleaving off of outer layers of bark. Exotic—Of foreign origin. Exudation—Oozing out of sap, resin, or other juice.

F Fascicle—A close bundle or cluster. Fetid—Ill smelling. Fissures—Grooves, furrows, or channels as in the bark. Fluted—Grooved, corrugated, channeled. Follicle—A dry fruit produced from a simple pistil and dehiscing along one line of suture. Fruit—The ripened ovary of a flower.

G Glabrate—Somewhat glabrous or becoming glabrate. Glabrous—Smooth, without hairs. Glandular—Bearing glands or gland-like. Glaucous—Covered with a bluish or whitish waxy coating; a bloom. Globose—Ball-like or nearly so. Globular—Ball-like.

H Habitat—Site or place of growth. Hardwood—A collective term for broad-leaved trees, the wood of which may or may not be dense. Heartwood—The physiologically dead, central, usually darker colored portion of the tree trunk. Hybrid—A crossbreed of two species.

I Increment—Growth; increase. Incised—Divided into lobes separated by narrow or acute sinuses which extend halfway or more to midrib. Indehiscent—Applied to fruits that do not split open to discharge the seeds, remaining closed at maturity. Indigenous—Applied to plants that are native to a certain locality. Not introduced. Intolerant—Not shade enduring. Requiring sunlight. Involucre—A cluster of bracts subtending a flower.

L Lamina—The blade or flattened portion of a leaf. Lanceolate—Shaped like a lance; several times longer than wide, and growing to a point. Lateral—Situated on the side, as the buds along the side of the twig. Leaflets—One of the small blades or divisions of a compound leaf. Leaf-scar—The scar left after a leaf falls. Lenticel—A corky growth on young or sometimes older bark, which admits air to the interior of the twig or branch. Linear—Line-like, long and narrow, with parallel edges. Lobed—Said of leaves that have the margins more or less cut or divided.

M Medullary—Pertaining to the pith or medulla. Medullary Ray—Radial lines of tissues crossing the growth of rings at right angles and extending into the bark. Midrib—The central or main rib or vein of a leaf. Monoecious—Bearing male and female flower parts in separate flowers on the same plant. Mucilaginous—Slimy or gummy when touched or chewed. Multiple fruit—A cluster of fruits of separate flowers crowded together and forming what appears to be a single fruit. Examples: mulberry, strawberry, osage-orange fruits.

N Naked—Said of buds without scales, and seeds without a covering. Naval Stores—Refers to tar, turpentine, resin, etc. Node—A place on a twig where one or more leaves originate. Nut—A dry, 1-seeded, fruit with a hard indehiscent covering and encased partly or wholly in an involucre or husk. Nutlet—A small nut.

O Oblique—Slanting, uneven. Uneven sided. Oblong—About twice as long as wide, the sides nearly parallel. Obovate—Reversed egg-shaped. Obtuse—Blunt Opposite—Said of leaves and buds, directly across from each other. Orbicular—Circular. Oval—Rounded. Ovate—Egg-shaped. Ovoid—Egg-shaped or nearly so.

P Palmate—Radiately lobed or divided from the petiole; hand-like as leaflets of buckeye. Panicle—A loose, irregularly compound flower cluster with flowers on pedicels. Pedicel—The support or stem of a single flower or fruit in a cluster. Peduncle—A primary flower stalk supporting a cluster of flowers or a solitary flower, later the fruit. A fruit-stem. Perennial—Lasting for more than one year. Persistent—Remaining after blooming, fruiting, or maturing. Petiole—The stalk of a leaf. Pinnate—Feather-like with leaflets on both sides of rachis or leaf stalk. Pistil—Seed bearing organ of flower. May consist of stigma, style, and ovary. Pith—The soft central part of a twig or stem. Pod—Any dry, one chambered, dehiscent fruit. Pollen—The dust-like substance from the anthers of a flower. Pollination—The process of bringing the pollen of the male flower in contact with the stigma of the female flower. Pome—A fleshy fruit with a core, such as the apple or pear. Porous—With open tubes (through wood). Prickle—A sharp-pointed, needle-like outgrowth. Pubescent—With short, soft, down-like hairs. Pungent—Acrid or sharp to smell. Pyramidal—Shaped like a pyramid with the broadest part near the base.

R Rachis—The stalk supporting the leaflets of a compound leaf. Resin-ducts—A passage for the conduction of resin found in the leaves and wood. Ring-porous—Said of wood which has pores of unequal size, the larger ones being found in the spring wood and the smaller ones in the summer wood.

S Samara—An indehiscent winged fruit such as that of maple. Sapwood—The recently formed, usually light colored wood, lying outside of the heartwood. Scabrous—Rough, with stiff, bristly hairs. Scales—The small, modified leaves which protect the growing-point of a bud or the part of a cone which bears the seeds. The small flakes into which the other bark of a tree divides. Scurfy—Covered with small bran-like scales. Serrate—Having sharp teeth on margin. Sessile—Seated; without a stalk. Sheath—A tubular envelope or covering such as surround the base of pine-needles. Silky—Covered with long, soft, straight, fine hairs. Simple—Consisting of one part, not compound. Sinus—The cleft or opening between two lobes. Sinuate—Wavy. Softwood—A general term given conifers, the wood of which may or may not be of low density. Stamen—Male organ of flower. Consists of a pollen-bearing anther on a filament. Stipule—A leaf-appendage at the base of the leaf-stalk. Stipule-scar—The scar left by the fall of the stipule. Stolon—A runner or basal branch that may root. Striate—Marked with fine elongated ridges or lines. Striations—Long narrow lines or ridges. Strobile—A fruit marked by overlapping scales as in the pine, birches, etc. Sucker—A shoot arising from an underground bud. Superposed—Said of buds when they are arranged one above the other. Symmetrical—Regular as to the number of parts. Having the same number of parts in each circle.

T Terminal—Located at the outer end. Thorn—A stiff, woody, sharp-pointed projection as found on locust; a spine. Tolerant—Applied to trees which endure certain factors, particularly shade. Tomentose—Densely pubescent; hairy. Covered with matted-hairs. Tomentum—A dense layer of woolly hairs. Truncate—Ending abruptly, as if cut off at the end. Tufted—Growing in clusters.

U Unisexual—Consisting of one sex only, either staminate or pistillate.

V Valvate—Said of buds in which the scales merely meet without overlapping. Fruit opening by valves. Veins—Threads of fibro-vascular tissue in leaves or other organs.

W Whorl—A group of three or more similar organs, as leaves or buds, arranged about the same place of attachment. Whorled—Borne in a whorl.

Index

A Acacia berlandieri 123 Acacia, catclaw 85 Acacia farnesiana, sweet 123 Acacia greggii 85 Acer barbatum 126 Acer grandidentatum 126 Acer grandidentatum var. sinuosum 126 Acer negundo 100 Acer rubrum 99 Acer saccharinum 98 Adelia, common 116 Aesculus glabra 101 Aesculus pavia 101 Ailanthus altissima 125 Alder, hazel, speckled 123 Alnus rugosa 123 Anacahuita 128 Anama 128 Anaqua 128 Apple, hedge 69 Aralia spinosa 104 Arbutus texana 129 Arizona cypress 122 Arrow-wood 125 Ash, Berlandier 128 Ash, Carolina 113 Ash, green 115 Ash, Mexican 128 Ash, poison 95 Ash, prickly 92, 104 Ash, Texas 128 Ash, wafer 93 Ash, water 113 Ash, white 114 Ash juniper 26 Asimina triloba 72

B Baldcypress 25 Baretta 124 Basswood, American 103 Basswood, Carolina 126 Basswood, Florida 126 Bayberry, Southern 123 Beaded locust (Sophora) 124 Bear berry 124 Beech, American 41 Beech, blue 38 Beech, water 38 Betula, nigra 40 Birch, river (red) 40 Bitternut hickory 30 Blackhead, ebony 84 Blackgum 105 Blackhaw, rusty 121 Bois-d’arc 69 Boxelder 100 Buckeye, Ohio 101 Buckeye, red 101 Buckthorn 127 Buckthorn, wooly 109 Buffaloberry 129 Bumelia, buckthorn, gum, elastic 109 Bumelia lanuginosa 109 Bumelia lanuginosa var. rigida 109 Bumelia, lycioides 109 Bumelia, Texas 127 Burning bush (Euonymous) 125 Buttonbush, common 120 Buttonwood (sycamore) 77

C Capote 127 Carpinus caroliniana 38 Carya aquatica 31 Carya cordiformis 30 Carya illinoensis 29 Carya ovata 32 Carya texana 34 Carya tomentosa 33 Castanea pumila 42 Catalpa, northern 118 Catalpa, speciosa 118 Catalpa, western 118 Cedar, eastern red 27 Cedar, mountain 26 Celtis laevigata 67 Celtis, occidentalis 66 Cephalanthus occidentalis 120 Cercis canadensis 88 Cherry, black 82 Cherry, southwestern black 82 Chicle 127 Chilopsis linearis 119 Chinaberry 125 China-tree, wild 102 Chinkapin, Allegheny 42 Chionanthus virginicus 117 Chittamwood 125 Coral bean 124 Cordia boisseri 128 Corkwood 35 Cornus florida 107 Cotinus obovatus 126 Cottonwood, eastern 36 Crataegus 78 Crataegus opaca 79 Cupressus arizonica 122 Cypress (baldcypress) 25

D Desertwillow 119 Devils-walkingstick 104 Diospyros texana 128 Diospyros virginiana 110 Dogwood, flowering 107

E Ebony, Texas (blackbead) 84 Ehretia anacua 128 Elastic, gum 109 Elaeagnus angustifolia 129 Elm, American 61 Elm, cedar 63 Elm, Chinese 129 Elm, red 64 Elm, Siberian 129 Elm, slippery 64 Elm, water 65 Elm, white 61 Elm, winged 62 Euonymus atropurpureus 125 Euonymus bungeanus 129

F Fagus grandifolia 41 Farkleberry 108 Fir, Douglas 24 Forestiera acuminata 116 Fraxinus americana 114 Fraxinus berlandieriana 128 Fraxinus caroliniana 113 Fraxinus pennsylvanica 115 Fraxinus texensis 128 Fringetree, white 117

G Gleditsia aquatica 89, 90 Gleditsia texana 89 Gleditsia triacanthos 89 Grancy-gray beard 117 Great leadtree 124 Gregg leadtree 86, 124 Guaiacum 124 Guajillo 123 Guayacan 124 Gum, black 105 Gum, cotton 106 Gum, elastic 109 Gum, red 76 Gum, sour 105 Gum, sweet 76 Gum, tupelo 106

H Hackberry 66 Hackberry, sugar 67 Halesia diptera 112 Hamamelis virginiana 75 Haw 78 Haw, rusty black 121 Hawthorn 78 Hawthorn, riverflat 79 Hazel, alder 123 Helietta parvifolia 124 Hercules-club 92, 104 Hickory, bigbud 33 Hickory, bitternut 30 Hickory, black 34 Hickory, mockernut 33 Hickory, pignut 30 Hickory, shagbark 32 Hickory, water 31 Hickory, white 33 Holly, American 96 Honeylocust 89 Hophornbeam, eastern 39 Hoptree, common 93 Hornbeam, American 38 Horse-sugar 111 Huckleberry, tree 108

I Ilex decidua 97 Ilex opaca 96 Ilex vomitoria 97 Indian soap plant 102 Ironwood 38, 39

J Judas tree 88 Juglans, microcarpa 28 Juglans, nigra 28 Juniper, alligator 122 Juniper, ashe 26 Juniper, drooping 122 Juniper, Mexican mountain cedar 26 Juniper, one seed 122 Juniper, Rocky Mountain 122 Juniper, weeping 122 Juniperus ashei 26 Juniperus deppeana 122 Juniperus flaccida 122 Juniperus monosperma 122 Juniperus scopulorum 122 Juniperus virginiana 27

K Knackaway 128