Chapter 5

[208] Smyth, _Aborig. of Victoria_, I, 359.

[209] _Globus_, LXXXVII, 238.

[210] Ranke, _Der Mensch_, II, 517.

[211] Mason, _Origin of Invention_, 26.

[212] _U. S. Nat. Mus._, 1894, 658.

[213] Powers, _Calif. Indians_, 374.

[214] _Ibid._, 104; _Smithson. Rep._, 1886, Part I, 225.

[215] _Smithson. Rep._, 1887, Part I, 601.

[216] _Bur. Eth._, XII, 561.

[217] _Smithson. Rep._, 1885, Part II, 743.

[218] _Scient. Amer._, March 10, 1906.

[219] _Vor Oldtid_, 169.

[220] _Aarbøger f. Oldkyndighed_, 1891.

[221] _L'Anthropologie_, XIV, 417.

[222] JAI, XXVIII, 296; _Bur. Ethnol._, II, 205; Horn, _Mennesket i den forhistoriske Tid_, 168.

[223] _Globus_, LXXVI, 79.

[224] Von den Steinen, _Berl. Mus._, 1888, 203.

[225] Schomburgk, _Britisch Guiana_, I, 424.

[226] Howitt, _S. E. Australians_, 455.

[227] _Kulturgesch._, I, 289.

[228] _Umschau_, VII, 184.

[229] JAI, XXVIII, 108.

[230] _Bur. Ethnol._, XVII, Part I, 152.

[231] Martius, _Ethnog. Brasil._, 405.

[232] Boggiani, _I Caduvei_, I, 168.

[233] Gumplowicz, _Sociol. und Politik_, 93.

[234] Whitney, _Language and the Study of Language_, 37, 40.

[235] Mauthner, _Kritik der Sprache_, III, 2.

[236] _Ibid._, II, 403.

[237] _Ibid._, II, 426, 427.

[238] Mauthner, 278.

[239] _Ibid._, 186.

[240] _Ibid._, 184.

[241] _Globus_, LXXXVII, 397.

[242] _Language_, 48, 51.

[243] Whitney, _Language_, 46.

[244] _Ibid._, 44.

[245] _Ibid._, 23.

[246] _Ibid._, 14.

[247] Schultze, _Psychologie der Naturvölker_, 96.

[248] Schultze, 86.

[249] _Ibid._, 89; _Am Urquell_, II, 22, 48.

[250] Schultze, 91.

[251] _Ibid._, 99.

[252] Lefevre, _Race and Language_, 3.

[253] _Ibid._, 27.

[254] Lefevre, 42.

[255] Mauthner, II, 468.

[256] Darwin, _Descent of Man_, 53.

[257] JAI, XXIV, 234.

[258] Martius, _Ethnog. Bras._, 106.

[259] _Ibid._, 704.

[260] Ehrenreich, _Berl. Mus._ (1891), II, 9.

[261] Schomburgk, _Brit. Guiana_, I, 227.

[262] _Caroline Isl._, 175.

[263] Spix and Martius, _Brasilien_, 927.

[264] JAI, XI, 41.

[265] _Bur. Ethnol._, VII, 44.

[266] PSM, XLIV, 81.

[267] JAI, XXIV, 393.

[268] _Ethnology_, 202.

[269] _Sieben Jahre in Süd-Afrika_, II, 173.

[270] Ratzel, _Völkerkunde_, II, 230.

[271] Krieger, _New Guinea_, 208.

[272] _Am Urquell_, II, 22, 48.

[273] Schultze, _Psychol. d. Naturvölker_, 93.

[274] Whitney, _Language_, 28.

[275] Schurz, _Entstehungsgesch. des Geldes, Deutsch. Geogr. Blätter_, XX, 22.

[276] JAI, XIII, 245.

[277] JASB, I, 390.

[278] _Amer. Anthrop._, IX, 192.

[279] _Scribner's_, September, 1894, 298.

[280] Ling Roth, _Sarawak_, II, 231.

[281] Ridgeway, _Origin of Currency and Weight Standards_, 166.

[282] Ridgeway, 27.

[283] Evans, _Ancient British Coins_.

[284] Semper, _Palau Ins._, 61.

[285] Schurz, 3.

[286] Paulitschke, _Ethnog. N.O. Afrikas_, I, 317; Vannutelli e Citerni, _L'Omo_, 463.

[287] Paulitschke, I, 318, 320.

[288] _Across Africa_, 176.

[289] Zay, _Hist. Monetaire des Colon. Franç._, 249.

[290] _Ibid._, 246.

[291] Kingsley, _West African Studies_, 82.

[292] Schurz, _Entstehungsgesch. des Geldes, Deutsch. Geogr. Blätter_, XX, 14.

[293] _Anthropologie_ (1900), XI, 677, 680.

[294] _Globus_, LXXXI, 12.

[295] Schurz, _Entstehungsgesch. des Geldes_, 38.

[296] _Ibid._, 25.

[297] Schurz, 22.

[298] Foureau, _D'Alger au Congo_, 539.

[299] Kingsley, _Travels in West Africa_, 59.

[300] _Globus_, LXXVIII, 203; _Ibid._, LXXXII, 243.

[301] Peel, _Somaliland_, 102.

[302] Junker, _Afrika_, III, 52; _Ibid._, I, 341.

[303] Schweinfurth, _Heart of Africa_, I, 502.

[304] Junker, II, 245; _Ibid._, I, 295.

[305] Junker, I, 415.

[306] von Götzen, _Durch Afr._, 339.

[307] Schurz, 28; Volkens, _Kilimanjaro_, 221.

[308] Schurz, 17.

[309] Meltzer, _Carthage_, II, 106.

[310] Schurz, 19.

[311] Codrington, _Melanesians_, 323.

[312] _Amer. Anthrop._, XI, 285.

[313] Marco Polo, II, 18.

[314] JAI, XII, 373.

[315] _Ibid._, 339.

[316] _Indian Archipelago_, 280.

[317] _Sarawak_, II, 234.

[318] Schurz, 13.

[319] Woodford, _Naturalist amongst Head-Hunters_, 16.

[320] Cayley-Webster, _New Guinea and Cannibal Countries_, 93.

[321] Parkinson, _Ethnog. d. Nordwestl. Salomo Ins._, 22.

[322] JAI, XVII, 314, 316.

[323] JAI, XXVIII. 164.

[324] JAI, X, 287.

[325] Kubary, _Karolinenarchipel._, 2.

[326] Semper, _Palau Inseln_, 167.

[327] _Caroline Isl._, 259.

[328] Kubary, _Karolinenarchipel._

[329] Christian, _Caroline Isl._, 237.

[330] _Die Soc. Einrichtungen d. Pelauer._

[331] Pfeil, _Aus der Südsee_, 112.

[332] Semper, _Palau Ins._, 118.

[333] Martius, _Ethnog. Brasil._, 91.

[334] _Ibid._, 402.

[335] Powers, _Calif. Indians_, 335.

[336] _Ibid._, 76, 79.

[337] _Smithson. Rep._, 1886, Part I, 232.

[338] _Bur. Eth._, XVIII, Part I, 232.

[339] _Smithson. Rep._, 1887, Part I, 647.

[340] Powers, 21.

[341] Schurz, 25.

[342] Jolly, _Recht und Sitte_, 96.

[343] JASB, II, 214.

[344] Ridgeway, 21.

[345] Vissering, _Chinese Currency_.

[346] Ridgeway, 156.

[347] Puini, _Le Origine della Civiltà_, 64; _Century Dict._, s.v. "Knife-money."

[348] Vissering, _Chinese Currency_, 38.

[349] _U. S. Nat. Mus._, 1893, 723.

[350] _First Journey_ (Germ.), 61.

[351] _Globus_, LXXVI, 372.

[352] Exod. xxii. 16; xxi. 36.

[353] Deut. xiv. 24.

[354] Levit. xxvii. 13, 15, 19.

[355] Buhl, _Soc. Verhält. der Isr._, 95.

[356] Ridgeway, _Origin of Currency and Weight Standards_, 36.

[357] Ridgeway, 3.

[358] Schurz, 15.

[359] Babelon, _Origines de la Monnaie_, 72.

[360] Schrader, _Prehist. Antiq. of Aryans_, 153; Ridgeway, 31.

[361] Weinhold, _D. F._, II, 52.

[362] Geijer, _Sveriges Historie_, I, 327; Sophus Müller, _Vor Oldtid_, 409.

[363] See Chapter VI.

[364] Sophokles, _Antigone_, 292 (Campbell's trans.).

[365] JAI, XXVI, 405.