part 1 in. long, purple, remainder male. Per. 0.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Geneina & Jur Ghattas).
744 =Colocasia Antiquorum= _Schott._ KOLOKASS—Arab; MANZI—Zande.
Tuberous rooted herb, with large stoutly petioled, peltate, ovate- cordate, sagittate leaves. Originally introduced from Asia.
Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
Cultivated for its tuber, but all parts are utilised after being well boiled to separate the acrid matter common to most aroids.
745 =Culcasia scandens= _P. Beauv._
Slender climber. Leaves lanc. to elliptic, 3-7 in. long, gland-dotted; pet. 1-3 in. long, sheathing. Ped. 1-4 at ends of branches, up to 3 in. long; spathe ab. 1½ in. long, convolute, hooded. Spadix ab. 2 in. long; fem. part ½ in. long, male 1-1¼ in.; appendix 0; per. 0.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: River Mokloio near Dukuttu; Jur: Geneina & Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Lado: Doka’s).
=HYDROCHARITACEÆ.=
746 =Hydrilla verticillata= _Royle._ =var. brevifolia= _Casp._
Diœcious aquatic herb; stems elongate, branched. Leaves in verticils of 4 ovate or ovate-oblong, dentate, ab. ¼ in. long; lower leaves much shorter than internodes. Male spathe 1-flowered, axillary, solitary; perianth double of 3 segments each, outer ovate, inner linear; sta. 3. Fem. spathe tubular 2-dentate; per. segments 6, narrower than male; ovary exserted beyond the spathe, long-beaked; styles 3.
Bahr El Jebel (2° N.L.).
747 =Lagarosiphon Schweinfurthii= _Casp._
Aquatic herb. Leaves alt., lin.-lanceolate, ½ in. long, minutely toothed. Male spathes many-flowered; per. 2-seriate; sta. 3; staminodes often 2-3. Fem. spathe narrowly oblong, 1-flowered, with 1-3 teeth on either side; styles 3.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo lands).
=L. cordofanus= _Casp._
Leaves scattered, ½-1 in. long, linear. Male spathe sub-globose, 2-fid, 6-8 flowered. Fem. spathe axillary tubular, 2-fid.
White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).
748 =Vallisneria spiralis= _Linn._
Submerged aquatic herb with very short stem and strap-shaped leaves, 4-18 in. long, minutely-toothed. Male spathes axillary on 1-2 in. long stalks, many-flowered; fl. trimerous, detaching themselves when fertile (as also in foregoing genera) and floating to the surface to fertilise the fem. fl. Fem. spathe tubular on long stalk rising to the surface, but withdrawing itself into the mud by spiral contraction after fertilization; stigma 3-lobed, hairy above.
White Nile Prov. (12° 10′ L.N. & Goz Abu Gum’a); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main River); Bahr El Jebel.
=V. æthiopica= _Fenzl._
Much like above, but leaves under 3 in. long.
White Nile Prov. (14° 30′ L.N. & J. Nyemati); Fung Prov.
749 =Ottelia alismoides= _Pers._
Aquatic herb with very short stem. Leaves with long 3-angled pet., broadly cordate, 4-6 in. wide, 7-11 nerved Fl. hermaphr., solitary; ped. 6-12 in. long, at length spirally contracted; spathe 3-6 toothed and winged, adnate to ovary; outer per. segm. 3, oblong, ½ in. long, inner segm. 3 petaloid, white, 1 in. long; sta. 6-10; styles 6, bifid; ovary 6-celled.
White Nile Prov. (Tawila); Kordofan Prov.
=O. lancifolia= _A. Rich._
Leaves radical, lanceolate, tapering into the pet., which is subamplexicaul at the base. Spathe bifid; inner per. lobes yellow.
White Nile Prov. (Tawila); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, Middle Gindi basin, 4,900 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.
The seeds are pounded into meal by Nuers, and eaten.
=O. ulvæfolia= _Buch._
Leaves attenuate at both ends, 7-nerved, 1½ in. broad. Spathe winged, obtusely 6-angled; inner per. lobes bright yellow, 1 in. long.
White Nile Prov. (Salati); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).
=O. near O. ulvæfolia= _Buch._
Submerged leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate, up to 1 ft. long. Spathes 1¾ in. long, smooth. Flowers yellow.
White Nile Prov. (Tawila).
750 =Boottia scabra= _Benth._ & _Hook. f._
Leaves submerged, thin, oblanceolate, 1½-2 ft. long, 2½ in. wide; petiole 1 ft. long, expanded at the base into an amplexicaul base. Spathe 3½ in. long, unisexual, rugose, toothed. Petals yellow or cream coloured.
White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).
=B. abyssinica= _Ridl._
As above, but spathe smooth, and only 2 in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Main River); Mongalla Prov. (Kagulu Khor, Yei River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
751 =Thalassia Hemprichii= _Ehrb._
Submerged marine plant. Leaves fascicled at intervals, linear, 6 in. long. Infl. diœcious; male spathes solitary, 2-leaved; per. 3-lobed; sta. 6. Fem. fl. at length stalked; ovary long-beaked. Fruit globose.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & Arakea).
752 =Halophila ovata= _Gaud._
Submerged marine herb, just above low-water mark. Leaves 2 from each node, ovate, 1 in. long; pet. 1 in. long. Male fl. solitary; per. 3-lobed; sta. 3. Fem. fl. sessile in the spathe; per. segm. 3, minute; styles 3; ovary beaked.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin).
=H. stipulacea= _Aschers._
Leaves linear, 2 in. long; pet. ¼ in. Much as above.
Red Sea Prov. (Dongonab).
=LEMNACEÆ.=
753 =Lemna polyrhiza= _Linn._
Duckweed, the floating front bearing several roots.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek).
It has been suggested that this plant might be utilised in anti-mosquito work, as pools covered with it never contain larvae of the Culicidae.
=L. paucicostata= _Hegelmeier._
The floating frond nearly ⅓ in. long, bearing 1 root.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Nyemati); Kordofan Prov. (Fula Habsha); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Abwo stream 8,200 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba); Mouth of Bahr El Jebel.
=L. æquinoctialis= _Welw._
Floating frond minute with a keel above, bearing 1 root.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Makporru Hill & Nganye near the River Ibba).
754 =Wolffia Delilii= _Schleid._
Duckweed; frond minute, rootless.
Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Darfur Prov. (Suruj District: J. Barkin).
=LILIACEÆ.=
755 =Smilax kraussiana= _Meisn._
Climbing shrub with prickly stem. Leaves oblong or orbicular, 5-6 in. long with 3 basal nerves and 2 stipular tendrils from base of petiole. Infl. diœcious in short-peduncled, many-flowered axillary umbels. Per. segm. 6; male fl.: sta. 6; filam. short; fem. fl.: staminodes 6 or fewer; ovary 3-celled, superior as in all this Order. Berry size of a pea.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Buddu); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
756 =Asparagus Pauli-Guilelmi= _Solms._ DALADE & DILEH—Golo.
Erect undershr., 4-5 ft. high. Leaves minute, scale-like, with a hooked prickle at the bases, bearing in their axils 1-5 narrow, linear pointed leaf-like branchlets (cladodes), ¼ in. long. Fl. axillary solitary or paired; per. white, minute, 6-partite; sta. 6; style short, stigmas 3; berry size of a pea.
Nubia; Kordofan Prov. (Agari); Upper White Nile Prov. (Renk); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Jur River & Wau, Dinka country, Ghabat El Arab, Rek District); Bahr El Jebel.
=A. Schweinfurthii= _Baker._
Prickly shrub. Cladodes in fascicles of 3-6, ¾-1¼ in. long. Fl. in axillary pairs.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: on the banks of the River Gendua).
=A. asiaticus= _Linn._
Prickly climbing shrub. Cladodes 6-15 in a cluster, ½ in. long, stout. Fl. several in axillary clusters.
Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.).
=A. africanus= _Lam._ DAHUAB—Hadendowa; UM MUSHBUT & MESHEIT (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; GAGALI—Bari; BUT—Dinka; TIANKA—Burun.
Tall, prickly shrub. Cladodes densely fascicled, stout, ½-1 in. long. Fl. umbellate from sides and tips of branchlets.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Mulbeis); Darfur Prov. (J. Murra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf to mouth of Sobat River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek, Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel.
=A. racemosus= _Willd._ DAYOK (Fung) & BEKHEISET—Arab; CHII—Golo; BARAKURI—Zande.
Rambling and scandent, prickly undershr. Cladodes 2-6 in a cluster, ½-¾ in. long. Racemes solitary or fascicled, 1-2 in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (Port Sudan, Suakin: 19° 30′ N.L.); Fung Prov. Sherif; Kordofan Prov.; Sobat River; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel.
The fruit is eaten by the Golos. The root is used as a demulcent, diuretic, anti-dysenteric, etc., also as a demulcent in veterinary medicine.
757 =Sanseviera Ehrenbergii= _Schweinfth._ TUMBAT—Hadendowa.
Perennial, somewhat aloe-like herb. Leaves 12-15 distichous, basal, thick, striated, up to 5-6 ft. long. Infl. a panicle, 5-6 ft. long, with peduncle; per. tubular with 6 linear lobes, white tinged with red, ½-¾ in. long, lobes longer than tube; sta. 6, as long as the lobes, anthers versatile; style filiform.
Nubia (between Atbara & the Red Sea); Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat & Wadi Qossir near Suakin).
=S. nilotica= _Baker._
Leaves 3 ft. long, flat, mottled, 1½ in. broad. Raceme lax, bearing clusters of 3-9 white, tinged with green, flowers; per. ¾-1 in. long, lobes longer than tube.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu: Mvolo).
=S. abyssinica= _N.E. Brown._ BASSAL EL WADI (Kassala), ZA’AF EL FIL, Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf), UM KUSM (Kordofan), KHAZAN (Baggara)—Arab; RRUK (J. Daier), GILLIA (J. El Amira), NALIAK (J. Eliri)—Nuba; TOI or TOIRO—Jur; TAR—Dinka (Bahr El Ghazal); BARANGA—Zande.
Leaves 2 ft. long or more, lanceolate, acute, rugose. Raceme up to 2½ ft. long; clusters 4-5 flowered. Flowers not described.
Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Zeriba Agad, Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel.
Used as a source of fibre, in Bongo-land the women make kilts of the fibre which resemble horse tails.
758 =Aloe Schweinfurthii= _Baker._
Fleshy plant. Leaves rosulate, ensiform, 18 in. long, 2 in. broad at base, margined with deltoid spines. Peduncle stout, compressed, branched, 2 ft. long, bearing racemes 6-9 in. long; per. pale-red, up to 1 in. long; tube short; segm. 6; sta. 6. Fr. oblong, 3-angled, 3-valved.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
=A. commutata= _Todaro._
Acaulescent. Leaves rosulate, oblong, lanceolate, 10-12 in. long, spotted white; marginal teeth large. Ped. branched, 2-3 ft. long; racemes 3-6 in. long; per. bright-red, 1½ in. long, constricted above the ovary.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,000 ft.).
=A. abyssinica= _Lam._ KALANDO—Hadendowa.
Stem short. Leaves rosulate ensiform, 2 ft. long, spotted when young; marginal teeth large. Ped. branched, 2 ft. long; racemes dense, 3-4 in. long; per. yellow, 1 in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat, Wadi Sarrawib, Erkowit, J. Sihaba).
=A. crassipes= _Baker._
Leaves ensiform, 1 ft. long and under 1 in. broad; teeth large, rather hooked. Ped. stout, 18 in. long; raceme 6 in. long with 2 short branches at base; per. 1¼ in. long, constricted above the ovary.
Nubia (between Suakin & Berber at Kishi).
=A. sp.= NARURA (J. Eliri)—Nuba.
Leaves 1 ft. long, gradually tapered upwards, repand-dentate, about 2 in. broad near the base. Fruiting panicle about 1 ft. long. Fruits ellipsoid, 1 in. long.
Nuba Mts. Prov, (J. Eliri to El Amira).
759 =Dracæna Ombet= _Kotschy_ & _Peyr._ BATT—Hadendowa.
Many times branched, palm-like tree, 8 ft. or over, bearing dense clusters of ensiform leaves, 2 ft. long at ends of branches. Infl. panicled, 1 ft. or more long; fl. white, ¼ in. long; per. segm. 6; sta. 6; fr. a 3-celled berry.
Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Khor Ashat, Anguab mountain, west of Suakin).
=D. elliptica= _Thunb._ & _Dalm._
Shrub with much-branched, slender woody stems. Leaves oblong, 5-6 in. long; pet. short, channelled. Infl. panicled; per. whitish, ½ in. long; segm. 6; sta. 6; berry 3-lobed, 3-seeded.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River: Kagiko).
760 =Asphodelus fistulosus= _Linn._ =var. tenuifolius= _Baker._
Herb with rosette of radical, hollow, pointed leaves, 6-9 in. long. Ped. shorter than leaves; infl. panicled; racemes lax, pedicels jointed at middle; per. white, ⅓ in. long; segm. 6, keeled with brown, spreading from a short tube; sta. 6; anthers versatile; fr. globose, ⅛ in. diam.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Berber Prov. (Abu Hashim).
The seeds are officinal and are said to be diuretic.
761 =Bulbine asphodeloides= _Roem._ & _Schult._
Tuberous acaulescent herb. Leaves 10-20 in dense basal rosette, 6-18 in. long. Ped. shorter than leaves; raceme 3-6 in. long; pedicels solitary, jointed at top; per. bright yellow, ⅓ in. long, segm. 6, divided to base; sta. 6; filam. densely bearded; anthers versatile; caps. 3-angled, ⅓ in. long.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Abu Gurun’s Zariba).
762 =Eriospermum abyssinicum= _Baker._
Tuberous herb. Leaf solitary, lanceolate, 5-6 in. long, appearing after flowers. Ped. wiry, 3-6 in. long; racemes lax, 6-8 in. long; pedicels jointed at apex; per. segm. 6, separate, white, keeled brown, ¼ in. long; sta. 6, unequal, shorter than per.; caps. ¼ in. long with 3 obovate, reflexing valves.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: banks of the River Gendua); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Zariba Kutshok Ali); Mongalla Prov. (Lado District: Doka’s).
763 =Acrospira sp.?=
Anthers basi-fixed, twisting up spirally.
Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.).
764 =Anthericum monophyllum= _Baker._
Herb with tuber crowned with bristles; stem slender, angled, ½ in. long. Leaf solitary, lanceolate, 6-9 in. long, with a clasping base from the middle, enclosed by a sheath. Raceme simple 1-3 in. long; pedicels solitary, ¼ in. long, jointed at the middle; per. ½ in. long, white; segm. 6, free, as all in this genus, with a brown, 3-nerved keel; sta. 6; anthers basifixed, as all in the genus, as long as filam.; caps. 3-angled, shallowly lobed, also as others in this genus; seeds angular.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=A. triphyllum= _Baker._
Rootstock tuberous; fibres wiry. Leaves ab. 3, with long sheathing base and lanceolate blade, 4-6 in. long and ab. ½ in. broad, with raised veins and thickened margins. Ped. slender, pubescent, grooved, 6-8 in. long; raceme 3-4 in. long; pedicels short, articulated, lower geminate; bracts lanceolate, up to ¾ in. long. Per. ¼ in. long; segm. separate, white with 3 brown ribs.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: by the River Jur).
=A. cf. A. triphyllum= _Baker._
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).
=A. superpositum= _Baker._
Rootstock and root-leaves not known. Ped. 24-30 in. long, bearing 3-4 sessile, oblong leaves 3-6 in. long. Racemes 1-3, lax, 2-3 in. long; pedicels short, articulated at middle, lower 3-4-nate; per. ⅙ in. long; segm. linear, white, with a green keel; sta. nearly as long as per., anthers small; caps. ⅙ in. diam.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Ibba).
=A. triflorum= _Ait._ BERĪD (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.
Rootstock fibrous, not tuberous; neck crowned by a dense ring of bristles. Leaves linear, 1 ft. or more long. Ped. 12-18 in. long, angled; raceme dense, 3-6 in. long; pedicels 1-4-nate, jointed in middle; per. ab. ½ in. long; segm. lanceolate, 5-7 nerved, white with red-brown keel; sta. ¼ in. long; filam. scabrous. Caps. oblong.
Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Bongo: Lessi River); Mongalla Prov. (Bor & Mongalla).
Said to be poisonous to cattle.
=A. near A. usseramense= _Baker._
Leaves several, basal, ensiform. Ped. long, flattened; pedicels short, articulated at middle, lower geminate; racemes panicled; per. greenish- white, ¼ in. long.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).
765 =Chlorophytum macrophyllum= _Aschers._
Herb, not tuberous; root fibres long. Leaves 4-5 to a stem; blade membranous, lanceolate, 12-18 in. long, narrowed at both ends; pet. 6-12 in. long, channelled. Ped. 6-12 in. long; raceme simple or branched at base, 6-8 in. long; pedicels articulated, ab. ⅓ in. long, the lower fascicled; lower bracts ab. 1 in. long. Per. white, ⅓ in. long, segm. 6, free, with a 3-5 nerved brown keel; sta. 6, shorter than per., filam. and anthers ⅛ in. long resp.; caps. ⅓ in. long and as others in this genus deeply 3-lobed and seeds flat.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: banks of the River Gendua); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
=C. blepharophyllum= _Schweinfth._
Root crowned with dense bristles. Leaves ab. 4 sheathing base of stem, lowest small, others oblong-lanceolate, 4-8 in. long. Ped. slender, shorter than leaves; rac. dense, 2-3 in. long, simple or forked at base; pedicels short, articulated, lowest 2-3-nate. Per. dark-green, ⅓ in. long; segm. linear with 5-nerved keel. Caps. deeply emarginate, ⅓ in. long.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).
=C. pusillum= _Schweinfth._
Tuberous herb. Leaves ab. 4, basal, oblong, 4-5 in. long, sessile, crisped at margin. Rac. dense, simple, 1-2 in. long, sessile in centre of rosette of leaves; pedicels short, articulated, clustered. Per. ⅙ in. long, white; segm. with a greenish-brown keel. Caps. globose, ¼ in. diam.
=C. Schweinfurthii= _Baker._
Leaves 5-6 to a stem, oblong-lanceolate, not distinctly petiolate, 12-15 in. long, 2 in. broad. Ped. 2-3 in. long; rac. 2-3 in. long, dense, simple or branched at base; pedicels short, articulated at middle, lower 2-3-nate. Per. ¼ in. long, greenish. Caps. ⅙ in. long, ¼ in. diam.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=C. gallabatense= _Schweinfth._
Rootstock horizontal. Leaves 6-8 to a stem, thin, lanceolate, narrowly clasping, 12-18 in. long. Ped. slender, 1 ft. long; rac. many, ascending, the end one 6-9 in. long; pedic. short, articulated at middle, lower 2-3-nate. Per. dull greenish-white, ⅙ in. long. Caps. ¼ in. diam.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=C. ciliatum= _Baker._
Neck of rootstock crowned with a ring of bristles. Leaves 3-4, with sheathing base and lanceolate blade, 4-6 in. long, ciliated on margin. Ped. slender, up to as long as leaves; racemes usually simple, dense upwards, ab. 3 in. long, lower 3-4-nate, ab. ⅓ in. long. Per. ¼ in. long. Caps. ⅓ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali).
=C. tenuifolium= _Baker._
Leaves 5-6 to a stem, linear, 12-18 long, ⅓-½ in. broad, narrowed to base. Ped. long, slender; rac. lax, cylindric, up to 6-9 in. long; pedicels solitary ab. ⅓ in. long, articulated below the middle. Per. ⅓ in. long, segm. linear, white with a green keel; anthers small; caps. subglobose, emarginate, ⅓ in. long.
Mongalla Prov.
=C. andongense= _Baker._
Tall herb. Leaves up to 2 ft. long, oblanceolate. Ped. up to 3 ft. long, bearing a lax panicle of many ascending racemes 1-2 ft. long; pedicels articulated at middle, lower 5-6-nate, finally 1 in. long. Per. ab. ½ in. long, brownish-green or white with 3-nerved green keel. Caps. oblong, ⅓-½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Mongalla Prov.: Bor).
=C. longifolium= _Schweinfth._
Rootstock horizontal, crowned with bristles. Leaves ab. 6 to a stem, firm, linear, 12-18 in. long, ½-¾ in. broad, ciliate on margin. Ped. 12-18 in. long; rac. simple, 3-5 in. long, dense; pedicels very short, lower 2-3-nate. Per ⅓ in. long, segm. lanceolate; anthers small. Caps. deeply emarginate ¼-⅓ in. long.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).
=C. micranthum= _Baker._
Neck of root crowned with a dense ring of fibres. Produced leaves firm, linear, 4-6 in. long, ¼ in. broad. Ped. slender, as long as leaves; rac. lax, simple or forked, at length 6-8 in. long; pedicels very short, artic. at middle, lower 3-4-nate. Per. greenish-white, ⅛ in. long; segm. linear laxly 3-nerved; anthers minute. Caps. ⅙ in diam.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba).
=C. tuberosum= _Baker._ SHANDAHA or SHANDAHAT & ASLANGA—Arab.
Root fibres bearing tubers at end; rootstock crowned with a dense ring of bristles. Leaves 6-10, firm, lanceolate, base sheathing the stem, 3-12 in. long, ciliated at margin. Rac. 5-6 in. long, including ped., often forked near the base; fl. fairly dense on rachis, white; pedic. short, artic. below middle, lower 2-3-nate. Per. ½ in. and more long; segm. oblong, obscurely 7-nerved; filam. ⅙-¼ in. long; anthers ab. same length, linear, curling after dehiscence. Caps. obovoid, ⅓ in. long.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Blue Nile Prov. (Abu Haraz & Dinder River); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (southwards from Hillet Abbas); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Jebel.
Edible.
=C. polystachyum= _Baker._
Neck of rootstock crowned with a few bristles. Produced leaves ab. 6 to a stem, linear, ab. 1 ft. long, ¼-⅓ in. broad. Ped. as long as leaves; rac. several, panicled, lax, the lower forked; pedic. ⅙-¼ in. long, artic. at middle, lower 3-4-nate; per. campanulate, ⅛ in. long; segm. green with white margin; anthers minute.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=C. breviscapum= _Dalz._
Rootstock erect, not bristly. Leaves linear-lanceolate, up to 9 in. long and 1¼ in. broad. Racemes longer than the leaves; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, about ½ in. long, ciliolate.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe).
=C. Tinneæ= _Baker._
Root leaves not known. Ped. very slender 6-12 in. long, bearing several linear reduced leaves. Rac. very lax 6 in. long; pedic. very short, lower 2-3-nate. Per. 1/5 in. long; segm. oblong with 3-nerved keel; sta. rather shorter than per.; anthers linear, twice as long as filam.; ovules 12 in a cell.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur).
=C. spp.=
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Wau); Mongalla Prov. (Lado: Doka’s, & Kagulu).
766 =Dasystachys aurea= _Baker._
Herb; leaves 5-6 to a stem, erect, glabrous, linear, 24-30 in. long, 1 in. broad at middle, base sheathing, margins obscurely ciliated. Ped. erect, 3 ft. long, bearing a few reduced leaves, pubescent. Raceme subspicate, 6-12 in. long; lower bracts large, lanceolate; fl. at first clothed with golden pubescence. Per. ¼ in. long; segm. 6, oblong, white with red-brown keel; sta. 6, as long as per.; anthers longer than filam.; style much exserted. Caps. deeply 3-lobed; seeds flat.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba, Niamniam-land: Hu River).
767 =Allium (Molium) spathaceum= _Steud._
Herb; bulb globose 3 in. diam. Leaves 1-2, linear, thin, up to 9 in. long. Ped. 4-9 in. long; umbel of 10-15 fl.; spathe of 1 short ovate valve; pedic. ½-¾ in. long. Per. ⅙ in. long, white; segm. with distinct brown keel; sta. 6.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).
=A. ascalonicum= _Linn._
Herb; bulb ovoid, ¾ in. diam. Leaves few, linear, up to 1 ft. long and ¼ in. broad. Peduncle longer than the leaves, stout; pedicels slender, crowded, about ⅓ in. long. Per. ⅙ in. long, white.
Kordofan Prov. (Bara).
=A. alibile= _A. Rich._
Bulb globose, ab. 1 in. diam. Leaves not known. Ped. 18 in. long; umbel many-flowered; pedic. short; spathe short, many-valved. Per. campanulate, pale rose, segm. ovate-obl., acute; filam. of 3 inner sta. tri-cuspidate, 3 outer lanceolate.
Sudan?
768 =Dipcadi unifolium= _Baker._
Bulb ½ in. diam. Leaf 1, linear, 6-7 in. long, base long sheathing. Ped. ab. 5 in. long; rac. laxly 3-6 flowered; pedic. very short. Per. green as others in this genus; tube ⅙ in. long; inner segm. flat, ⅙ in. long, outer caudate, 1/5 in. long; anthers subsessile.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River).
=D. fesoghlense= _Baker._
Leaves 2, 6-8 in. long, very narrow. Ped. 4 in. long; rac. laxly many- flowered; pedic. very short. Per. ½ in. long, tube and inner segm. ¼ in., outer segm. caudate, just longer.
Red Sea Prov. (Dongonab); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post).
=D. filifolium= _Baker._
Bulb ab. ½ in. diam. Leaves 2, subterete, 1 ft. long. Ped. 1 ft. or more; rac. lax 3-10 flowered; pedic. short. Per. fulvous green; tube and inner segm. ⅙ in., outer up to ⅓ in. long.
Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat mouth); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=D. tacazzeanum= _Baker._
Bulb 1 in. diam. Leaves 2-3, linear, flat, 3-4 in. long. Ped. 6-9 in. long; rac. 6-12 flowered; pedic. very short. Per. tube and inner segm. ¼ in. long respectively, outer segm. ⅓ in., subulate-falcate.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Abu Gurun’s Zariba); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).
=D. lanceolatum= _Baker._
Leaves 4-5, lanceolate, 3-4 in. long. Ped. 8-18 in. long; rac. very lax, ½-1 ft. long; pedic. very short. Per. tube ab. 1/5 in. long; inner segm. a little longer, outer complicate, ab. ¼ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gir).
769 =Drimia laxiflora= _Baker._
Bulb and leaves not known. Ped. slender, 15-18 in. long; rac. very lax, 6-8 in. long; lower pedic. up to ½ in. long. Per. gamophyllous, ab. ⅓ in. long, greenish-brown; tube campanulate; segm. oblong twice as long as tube; style slightly exserted. Caps. deeply lobed; seeds flat.
White Nile Prov. (Khor Attar).
770 =Albuca tayloriana= _Rendle._
Bulb ¾ in. diam. Leaves radical, narrow-linear. Ped. ab. 2 ft. long; rac. 4-5 in. long, laxly 10-12 fld., cylindrical; lower pedic. ⅓ in. long. Per. segm. free, ½ in. long, outer spreading, oblong greenish- white, with a broad, purple, 7-nerved keel, inner segm. connivent, hooded; sta. 6, filam. subulate; style subulate, more than twice length of ovary. Caps. 3-valved; seeds flat, black.
Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla to Gemeiza).
=A. Schweinfurthii= _Engl._
Bulb 1 in. diam. Leaves linear, 24-30 in. long, ⅓ in. broad. Ped. longer than leaves; rac. 1 ft. or more, 20-30 fld.; pedic. short; lower bracts up to 1½ in. long. Per. nearly 1 in. long; segm. linear-obl., pale yellow with a broad red-brown keel. Caps. ovoid, ab. ½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam: at the River Buddu, near Abu Samat’s Zariba).
=A. purpurascens= _Engl._
Bulb 2-3 in. diam. Leaves linear 12-18 in. long. Ped. slightly longer; rac. 6-8 in. long, 10-15 fld.; pedic. half as long as fl.; lower bracts ab. ½ in. long. Per. ab. ½ in. long; segm. lin.-obl., with a broad purplish keel. Caps. ovoid, ab. ½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba, Jur River; Mittu; Kuragerra & Dimindu).
=A. Steudneri= _Schweinfth._
Bulb over 1 in. diam. Leaves 6-10 in. long, ⅓-½ in. broad below. Ped. 1 ft. or more long; rac. lax, 8-10 fld.; pedic. half as long as fl. Per. over ½ in. long; segm. linear, with a broad green keel. Caps. oblong, ½ in. long.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).
771 =Urginea micrantha= _Solms._ ABUTKULA—Hadendowa.
Bulb 2-3 in. diam. Leaves linear, appearing after the flowers. Ped. 1-2 ft. long; raceme 12-18 in., moderately dense; pedic. rigid, jointed at apex, up to ¾ in. long. Per. ⅙ in. long, segm. 6, free, white with 1-nerved brown keel; sta. 6, shorter than per.; anthers versatile, small. Caps. globose, acutely angled, ¼ in. diam.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Fung Prov. (Roseires, Jongol’s Post, etc., etc.); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 5,800 ft.); South of 13° N.L.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba, Abu Gurun’s Zariba; Mittu at Reggo; Dar Fertit; Deim Zubeir & near Chak-Chak).
The starch contained in the bulbs is used by the Hadendowas to stiffen their hair.
=U. indica= _Kunth._
Bulb and leaves much as above. Ped. 1-2 ft. long; rac. 6-12 in., very lax; pedic. ascending, lower 1-2 in. long. Per. ⅓-½ in. long; segm. whitish, keel brownish-green, 2-3 nerved. Caps. oblong, ½-¾ in. long.
Fung Prov. (J. Moya & Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek).
The bruised bulbs are applied as a poultice for rheumatic pains or contusions.
=U. Petitiana= _Solms._
Bulb 1½ in. diam. Leaves linear, appearing after fl. Ped. up to 2 ft. long; raceme 6 in., dense above; pedic. very short; bracts linear, ¼-⅓ in. long. Per. 1/5 in. long, segm. white; keel 2-3 nerved, greenish- brown.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Mongalla Prov. (Bor to Mongalla).
=U. nigritana= _Baker._
Bulb moderately large. Leaves linear, channelled, 12-18 in. long. Ped. 18-24 in. long; rac. up to 18 in., lax; upper pedic. short, lower up to 1½ in.; bracts up to ¾ in. long. Per. ab. ¾ in. long, segm. whitish with a broad 5-nerved red-brown keel. Caps. ovoid, ½-¾ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu: Dimindu; Niamniam-land: River Buddu).
772 =Scilla spicata= _Baker._
Bulb 1 in. diam. Leaves 2, lanceolate, 2-5 in. long. Ped. 4-6 in. long; spike 1-2 in., dense. Per. campanulate, bright purple; segm. 6, 1-nerved, minute; sta. 6, short; anthers versatile. Caps. 3-valved.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau River).
=S. edulis= _Engl._ MAKPĀRA—Bongo.
Bulb over ½ in. diam. Leaves 4-6, linear, up to 3 in. long. Ped. slender, 2-3 in. long; raceme up to 2 in. long, fairly dense; pedic. short; per. mauve-purple, ⅛ in. long; sta. ab as long, filam. mauve- purple.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).
=S. indica= _Baker._
Bulb up to 2 in. diam. Leaves 5-6, lanceolate, 6 in. long, sheathing. Ped. ab. 6 in. long; rac. 3-4 in. lax; ped. ¼-⅓ in. longer, lower drooping. Per. campanulate, greenish-purple, ⅛ in. long; filam. purple.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).
=S. Schweinfurthii= _Engl._
Bulb ¾ in. diam. Leaves 3-6, linear, 2-3 in. long. Ped. 2-3 in. long; raceme ab. 1½ in. lax, lower fl. drooping; centr. pedic. ⅙ in. long. Per. campanulate, green, ⅙ in. long; filam. pale.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=S. mæsta= _Baker._
Bulb ab. 1½ in. diam. Leaves 5-6, lanceolate with a few purple spots, 4-6 in. long. Ped. 2-3 to a bulb, ab. 4 in. long; rac. 1-2 in. dense, lower ped. drooping, ⅓ in. long. Per. campanulate, green, ⅛ in. long.
Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).
=S. modesta= _Baker._
Bulb ab. 1½ in. diam. Leaves 2, obl. or lanc., 2-6 in. long. Ped. 2-6 in. long; rac. 2-3 in., lax; pedic. ab. ⅙ in. long. Per. campanulate, green, ⅛ in. long; filam. pale.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Wau).
=S. chlorantha= _Baker._
Bulb 1½ in. diam. Leaves 3, obl. or obl.-lanc., 6 in. long, 1-2 in. broad, sheathing at base. Ped. 4 in. long; rac. 3-5 in., moderately dense; pedic. ab. ⅙ in. long. Per. campanulate, green, ⅛ in. long; filam. green.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=S. lilacina= _Baker._ BASSAL EL KELB, KILGA & BERID (Blue Nile)—Arab.
Bulb ½ in. diam. Leaves 6-8, obl.-lanc., thin, 3-4 in. long, ab. 1 in. broad. Ped. 4-6 in. long; rac. 3-5 in., lax; pedic. ab. ⅓ in. long. Per. tubular-campanulate, ¼ in. long, pale purple; filam. bright mauve- purple.
Blue Nile Prov. (Abu Haraz); Upper White Nile Prov. (Renk); Kordofan Prov.
=S. cf. S. lanceæfolia= _Baker._
Leaves obl. or obl.-lanc., spotted dark green. Rac. 2-3 in. long; pedic. longer than fl. Per. campanulate, purplish, ab. ¼ in. long; filam. purple.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).
773 =Ornithogalum Eckloni= _Schlecht._
Bulb 1-2 in. diam. Leaves 4-6, linear, 1-2 ft. long, ab. ¾ in. broad near base. Ped. fairly stout 18-24 in. long; rac. 3-4 in., rather dense; pedic. short, ascending. Per. ¼ in. long; segm. free, obl., white with green keel; sta. 6, hypogynous, shorter than per.; filam. linear; anthers versatile. Caps. globose, ¼ in. diam.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
774 =Gloriosa virescens= _Lindl._ HABALEKO—Rashida.
Sarmentose herb climbing by means of prehensile leaf-tips. Leaves usually obl. or obl.-lanc., with tendril-like tips, 5-6 in. long, the lower verticillate or opp. Infl. a lax terminal corymb; pedic. long, nodding at tip. Per. ab. 2 in. long; segm. free, lanceolate-cuspidate, slightly or not crisped, usually bright red, ultimately strongly reflexed; sta. 6, hypogynous, shorter than per.; style over 1 in. long, 3-forked above. Caps. ab. 2 in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (Karora); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kio); Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Wau; Shambe); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla & Lado. Asugi).
Probably has medicinal properties; the tuber is poisonous.
=G. virescens= _Lindl._ =var. grandiflora= _Baker._
Fl. larger; per. segm. 3-4 in. long.
Mongalla Prov. (Abu Kuka).
=PONTEDERIACEÆ.=
775 =Eichornia natans= _Solms._
Aquatic herb; stems floating or creeping in the mud. Submerged leaves sessile, linear, 2-4 in. long; floating leaves petiolate, ½-1 in. long, ½-1 in. broad ovate or orbicular, cordate; produced sheath of petiole (so-called stipule) up to 1¼ in. long. Fl. apparently issuing from below middle of pet. of floating leaves. Perianth inferior; segm. 5, united below, blue, ¼ in. diam.; sta. 6; ovary 3-celled; style shortly 3-6 lobed. Caps. spindle-shaped, ½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: between Gir & Addai; Ghazal R.).
776 =Heteranthera kotschyana= _Fenzl._
Aquatic herb; stem creeping in the mud. Leaves 1-3 in. long ovate, cordate; pet. 2-8 in. long, whose sheath embraces the membranous spathe out of which issues the 2-4 in. long spike. Per. segm. 6; sta. 3. Caps. ½-¾ in. long.
Kordofan Prov. (between Melbes & El Obeid); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gurfala).
777 =Monochoria africana= _N.E. Br._
Aquatic herb. Leaves radical, 3-4 in. long, ovate, acuminate, slightly cordate; pet. long. Flowering stems 11-14 in. long with a leaf or tubular leaf-sheath at their summit enclosing a filiform-pointed spathe 1 in. long. Raceme 2-4 in. long, emerging from the spathe. Per. segm. 6, free, blue or violet; sta. 6, unequal, the filam. of largest toothed; stigma of 3 bifid lobes.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=TACCACEÆ.=
778 =Tacca pinnatifida= _Forst._
Rootstock tuberous, up to 1 ft. diam. Leaves radical, long-petioled (1-3 ft. long), large, dividing into 3 forked branches; final segments ovate or lanceolate. Fl. many in an umbel; ped. 1-3 ft. long; bracts 4-6 in a whorl; per. superior; segm. 6, all small, greenish-brown; sta. 6, filam. hooded, purple; stigma peltate; lobes 3, bifid; berry 1 in. long, subglobose.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Bor to Gigging, Yei River).
The tuber yields starch, which is said to be similar to arrow-root, but of poor quality. It is not cultivated, but is gathered wild and eaten.
=DIOSCOREACEÆ.=
779 =Dioscorea (Helmia) sativa= _Linn._ MAYDOK or NYTI, also MERE (aerial tuber) & BARANDOKA (undergr. tuber)—Zande. The Yam.
Herbaceous twiner with edible tuber. Leaves alt., ovate or orbicular, cuspidate, cordate, 1 ft. long, 7-9 nerved, often with bulbils in the axils. Infl. diœcious, spicate, the male spikes fascicled at leafless nodes. Male fl. minute; per. segm. 6; sta. 6. Fem. fl. also minute; per. segm. 6; styles 3. Caps. deeply 3-lobed; seeds broadly winged at base.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé).
The plant is cultivated throughout Tropical Africa for food, and flour being made from the dried tubers.
=D. sagittifolia= _Pax._
Twining herb with tuberous root. Leaves triangular-sagittate, 4-5 in. long, 5-nerved. Male spikes geminate. Fem. fl. and fruit unknown.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Okale).
Tuber probably edible.
=D. alata= _Linn._
Twiner with 4-winged stem; tuber large, edible. Leaves usually opp., ovate-acuminate, cordate, 7-nerved, 6-9 in. long. Caps. glabrous, 1¼ in. diam., 3-winged; seeds orbicular, winged all round.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River). Cultivated, see above _D. sativa_ L.
=D. abyssinica= _Hochst._
Twiner; stem terete. Leaves ovate-acuminate, cordate, 7-nerved, 3-4 in. long. Caps. orbicular, deeply-lobed, 1¼ in. diam.; seeds orbicular, winged all round.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=D. schimperiana= _Hochst._
Leaves as above, but 5-nerved and rather larger and hairy. Infl. pubescent. Caps. with 3 orbicular lobes, 1 in. long and 1½ in. diam.; seeds orbicular, winged all round.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango Hill); Fung Prov. (Bunzaga).
=D. (Helmia) dumetorum= _Pax._
Twiner, often prickly. Leaves 3-fol., pubescent beneath; end leaflet obovate, cuspidate, 5-6 in. long, side leaflets oblique. Male fl. in short axillary panicles; fem. fl. laxly racemed. Caps. 3-angled, 2 in. long; seeds 1 in. long, with large basal wing.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Khor Ganna near Kadugli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Tuhami’s Zariba); Mongalla Prov. (Lado Dist.: Yambi Khor).
Poisonous, but can be rendered edible by pounding and washing.
=D. phaseoloides= _Pax._
Unarmed twiner. Leaves 3-fol.; end leaflet oblong, 2½ in. long. Male fl. in fascicled axillary spikes; fem. fl. and fr. unknown.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango Hill).
=D. (Helmia) beccariana= _Martelli f._
Unarmed twiner. Leaves 5-fol.; leaflets obovate or oblong 3-4 in. long. Male fl. in fascicled axillary spikes. Fem. fl. in long lax spikes. Caps. oblong, acutely 3-angled, ¾ in. long; seeds with long oblong basal wing.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=COMMELINACEÆ.=
780 =Palisota Schweinfurthii= _C. B. Ce._
Herb 3-7 ft. long; young parts shaggy with fulvous or greyish hairs. Leaves whorled up to 26 by 8 in., elliptic, densely hairy on the margin. Flowers in a dense cylindric panicle, very numerous.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Boddo R. & Nabambisso R.).
781 =Commelina nudiflora= _Linn._ BE-EID (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.
Marsh herb; stems decumbent, 1-2 ft. long. Leaves alt., 1-3 in. long, lanceolate; sheaths 1-2 in. long. Infl. of 2 racemes enclosed in a folded ovate-lanceolate, ½-2 in. long spathe; fl. 1-3 in the lower and 3-8 in upper rac.; sep. 3; pet. 3, 2 with long claws, blue; sta. 2-3 perfect, 2-3 sterile; seeds 5, reticulated.
White Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft. & J. Marra 4-5,500 ft.); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd from southwards); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
It is said to be medicinal and to be eaten by cattle.
=C. subulata= _Roth._
Weak herb 6-15 in. long. Leaves 2 in. long, linear. Spathes nearly sessile, ½ in. long ovate. Fl. blue, hardly exserted from spathe; seeds 5, pitted and wrinkled.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Garad).
=C. benghalensis= _Linn._ BAYAD (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.
Hairy herb, 1-3 ft. long. Leaves ovate-elliptic 1-3½ in. long; spathes subsessile, funnel-shaped by lower margins being connate ⅓ in., ½-⅔ in. long, crowded near tips of branches; seeds 5, rough or wrinkled.
Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, near Suakin, Khor Tamanib); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).
The fleshy rhizomes sometimes contain much starch and are wholesome food when cooked.
=C. Forskalæi= _Vahl._ DUEID (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; NIOK (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.
Pubescent branched herb, 8-24 in. long. Leaves oblong, up to 2 in. long. Spathes ½-⅔ in. long, funnel-shaped on ped. up to ⅓ in. long. Pet. blue; seeds 1-3, smooth.
Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Wadi Erkowit, Suakin, Sea-coast to between 3,000-4,000 ft.); Kassala Prov. Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Bir Sodari, J. Kurbaj, El Obeid); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).
=C. africana= _Linn._
Glabrous trailing herb, 1-3 ft. long. Leaves up to 3 in., oblong subsessile. Spathes 1-2 in. long, folded, ovate on ped. up to ⅔ in. long. Pet. yellow; seeds reticulated.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River, Makporru Hill).
=C. involucrosa= _A. Rich._
Large herb. Leaves 1½-5 in. long, lanceolate, pubescent. Spathes 2½ in. long, simply folded; ped. 1 in. long. Fl. probably yellow.
Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib).
=C. krebsiana= _Kunth._
Leaves hairy on both sides when mature, otherwise as _C. africana_.
Red Sea Prov. (near Erkowit); Upper White Nile Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Jebel).
=C. Kotschyi= _Hassk._
Glabrous herb. Leaves 2 in. long, lin.-lanceolate, subsessile, often crenulated. Spathes subsessile, ½-⅔ in. long, broadly ovate, 1-3 near ends of branches. Pet. intensely blue. Caps. small, constricted; seeds smooth, brown.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).
=C. imberbis= _Hassk._
Herb, 1-2 ft. high; internodes 2-3 in. long. Leaves narrow- to ovate- lanceolate, 5 in. long, the upper sessile, often auricled at base. Ped. few, scattered, exserted ½-1½ in. Spathes broadly ovate, ab. 1 in. long, margins free or nearly so. Pet. blue. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 4, nearly smooth, brown.
Fung Prov. (Roseires).
=C. latifolia= _A. Rich._
Slightly hairy herb; internodes long. Leaves obl.-lanc., sessile, upper cordate or nearly sagittate, 3½ in. long. Ped. 1-2 at top of branch, exserted ½-1 in.; spathes broadly ovate, ¾ in. long, margins shortly connate at base. Pet. blue. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 4, nearly smooth, brown.
Kordofan Prov. (Abu Haraza).
=C. bracteosa= _Hassk._
Slightly hairy herb, 15 in. high; internodes 2 in. long. Leaves elliptic-acuminate, 3½ in. long. Ped. 1-2 at ends of branches, slightly exserted; spathes broadly ovate, ab. 1 in. long, slightly white-hairy, margins connate at base. Pet. blue. Caps. ⅙ in. long, papery; seeds 3.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe).
=C. æthiopica= _C. B. Clarke._
Tufted herb, 8-14 in. high; internodes 1-2½ in. long. Leaves broadly obl.-lanc., 3½ in. long. Ped. 1-2 at ends of branches, hardly exserted; spathes and fl. as above. Caps. 2-seeded.
Upper White Nile Prov. (Barboi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Jur Ghattas, Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba).
782 =Aneilema sinicum= _Lindl._
Herb; stems 1-3 ft. long. Leaves linear, 8-10 in. long, ¼ in. broad. Infl. a cymose panicle, subtended by a bract (not spathe) ½-2 in. long, lin.-lanc. Sep. 3, minute; pet. 3, blue or dull purple, ¼ in. long or more; sta. 6, 2 fertile; filam. bearded at base. Caps. 1/5 in. long; seeds 6.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Agad Zariba, Wau); Mongalla Prov. (Bor southwards).
=var.= (β) =longifolia= _C. B. Clarke._
Rather larger in all parts; fertile sta. sometimes 3.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas; Niamniam-land: Sway River).
=A. tacazzeanum= _Hochst._
Weak decumbent herb, 1-2 ft. long. Leaves elliptic, 3 in. long. Fl. in terminal cymose panicles; bracts minute, ovate. Pet. probably yellow; filam. bearded at base; seeds 2-6.
Red Sea Prov. (Khor Gwob).
=A. beniniense= _Kunth._
Trailing herb, 1-2 ft. long. Leaves ovate-elliptic or obl., acuminate, 2-5 in. long. Fl. in 1-2 terminal panicles; cyme peduncles often 100 or more. Pet. very small, blue or white; fertile sta. usually 3, filam. without hairs; seeds 5-7.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Linduku River & Nabambisso River).
=A. Schweinfurthii= _C. B. Clarke._
Minutely pubescent herb; stems 8-14 in. high. Leaves on barren stems obl.-lin., 4½ in. long but on flowering stems few, oblong, 1-2 in. long. Pan. terminal, dense, pubescent, at length 1¼ by ¾ in.; bracts and bracteoles small. Pet. small, blue. Caps. nearly ¼ in. long, white; 4 seeded.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas; Bongo: Gir. Khor Ajok, between Wau & Chakchak).
=A. near A. soudanicum= _C. B. Clarke._
Hispid herb, up to 15 in. high. Leaves obl. or elliptic-lanc., sessile, obtuse, 3 in. long, lowest reduced to scales. Pan. dense, 1½ by ¾ in. terminal; bracts ⅙ in. long, bracteoles smaller. Pet. white or pale blue.
Mongalla Prov. (Bor).
=A. pedunculosum= _C. B. Clarke._
Weak, trailing, sparsely hairy herb; stems 6-24 in. long. Leaves elliptic or ovate, acuminate, 2 in. long. Pan. terminal, small, frequently on short lateral branches; sep. minute; pet. very small, blue; fertile sta. usually 3, filam. slightly bearded. Caps. 1/5 in. long, shining, pale; seeds 4, pale.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe).
=A. Russegeri= _C. B. Clarke._
Much like _A. Schweinfurthii_.
Nubia; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).
783 =Cyanotis hirsuta= _Fisch._ & _Mey._
Stems from a bulb; flowers in small heads exserted from the leaf- sheaths; leaves oblong-lanceolate.
Red Sea Prov. (Karora Hills).
=C. lanata= _Benth._
Annual with fine woolly hair when young; stems 4-18 in. long. Leaves narrowly obl.-lanc.; up to 3 in. long. Infl. scattered, axillary and peduncled, of 1-4 clustered scorpioid cymes ab. ½ in. diam.; outermost bract usually ½-1 in. long; bracts falcate, in 2 rows or densely packed. Sep. 3, more or less connate at base; pet. 3, small, blue (?), the claws more or less coherent into a tube; sta. 6, perfect; filam. bearded. Caps. thin, 3-celled; seeds 5-6.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Bongo: Gurfala).
=C. djurensis= _C. B. Clarke._
Herb with white wool on young parts; sterile stem short, bearing linear leaves up to 10 in. by ½ in.; flowering stems 12-20 in. long with linear leaves 6 in. long when present. Heads of several clustered cymes; outer bracts to terminal heads 2-3 in. long, linear; bracts distinctly 2-ranked; fl. blue.
Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).
=C. Cæspitosa= _Kotschy_ & _Peyr._
Herb, at first villous, then glabrate; sterile stems abrupt; basal leaves tufted, obl.-lanc., 3 in. long, shaggy at base. Leaves on flowering stems 0-1 (besides floral leaves) reduced to sheaths with a triangular point. Fl. heads hardly ½ in. long of 1 or few cymes; outer bracts ½-1 in. long; falcate bracts 2-seriate in cymes, hairy. Fl. red.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).
784 =Floscopa rivularis= _C. B. Clarke._
Decumbent herb; stems 1-2 ft. long. Leaves obl.-lanc., sessile on sheaths 2-4 in. long. Panicle 1-2½ in. long, dense, brown-hairy, terminal. Sep. 3; pet. 3, purple or rose; sta. 6; filam.-naked; caps. 2-valved, 2-seeded, small.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).
=F. Schweinfurthii= _C. B. Clarke._
Thinly hairy annual, 6-8 in. high. Leaves ovate-lanc., sessile, 2 in. long. Pan. terminal, leafy; cymes 1½ in. long, hairy, dense. Caps. minute. Colour of fl. not known, probably yellow.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Sabbi and Kulengo).
=F. flavida= _C. B. Clarke._
Slightly hairy annual, 2-5 in. high. Leaves lanc., sessile, 2½ in. long. Pan. terminal, slender; cymes few, ½-1½ in. long. Cal. purple; cor. yellow. Caps. small.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Agada, Jur Ghattas, Abu Gurun’s Zariba).
=AMARYLLIDACEÆ.=
785 =Hypoxis angustifolia= _Lam._
Tuberous-rooted herb. Leaves 6-12, radical, 6-12 in. long. Ped. 1-4, shorter than leaves. Corymbs lax 2-6 flowered; per. yellow, ⅓ in. long, 3 outer segm. green and hairy outside; sta. 6; stigmas 3; ovary inferior, 3-celled, as in all this family.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=H. sp.=
Leaves few, linear, 9-12 in. long, 1/5 in. broad, 3-nerved, thinly pilose. Flower (only 1 seen) ⅓ in. long, long-pilose outside; segments yellow, ovate-lanceolate.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River: Kagulu).
786 =Curculigo gallabatensis= _Schweinfth._
Herb; tuber 2 in. long. Leaves 3-4, linear, plicate, 1-2 ft. long. Fl. solitary; per. superior, base adnate to ovary, produced into a beak-like tube, 2 in. long; segm. 6, yellow, spreading, ab. ½ in. long, the 3 outer lobes reddish and hairy outside; sta. 6; stig. 3, united.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: banks of the River Gendua); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas and by the River Wau); Mongalla Prov. (Gemeiza).
787 =Crinum tinneanum= _Kotschy_ & _Peyr._
Bulbed herb; leaves not known. Fl. 12-30 in an umbel, rose-red; spathes 2-3 in. long; per. tube 3 in. long; segm. 6, linear, spreading, 1½ in. long; sta. 6, filiform; anthers versatile; stigma capitate.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main-river); Bahr El Jebel (Gondokoro).
=C. purpurascens= _Herb._
Bulbed herb. Leaves numerous, strap-shaped, 1½-3 ft. long. Ped. shorter than leaves; fl. 4-6 in an umbel, red; spathes 2-3 in. long; per. tube 5-6 in. long; segm. 2-3 in. long, lanceolate; sta. 6, filaments 2-3 in. long, purple; style capitate, longer than stamens.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Wau and Deim Zubeir.)
=C. ammocharoides= _Baker._
Leaves 6-8 to a bulb, 1 ft. long, 1 in. broad. Ped. stout, compressed, 3-6 in. long, bearing an umbel of 10-20 bright-red flowers; spathes 2-3 in. long; per. tube 3-4 in. long; segm. linear, 2-3 in. long; sta. 6, filaments bright red, 2-3 in. long; style capitate, rather longer.
Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=C. pauciflorum= _Baker._
Bulb 2-3 in. diam. Leaves 6-8, 12-18 in. long, only ¼ in. broad, erect. Ped. slender, 6-8 in. long; fl. 1-2 to an umbel; spathe valves 2-3 in. long. Per. tube curved, 4-5 in. long; segm. 3 in. long, 1 in. broad, acute, white with a distinct red keel. Filaments 1 in. shorter than per. segm.; anthers ½ in. long; style overtopping anthers.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=C. scabrum= _Herb._ LANGABO—Golo.
Bulb 5-6 in. diam. Leaves 12 or more, 2-3 ft. long, 1½-2 in. broad at middle, scabrous at margin. Ped. fairly stout, 1-2 ft. long; umbel 4-8 flowered; spathe valves 2-3 in. long. Per. tube curved, greenish, 4-5 in. long; segm. ab. 3 in. long, 1 in. broad, acute, white with a distinct red keel; filam. rather shorter than and style reaching tip of per. segm.
Fung. Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid); Darfur Prov. (Kulme and J. Marra, 5,000 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Bongo: Gir).
=C. giganteum= _Andr._
Differs from above by leaves 3-4 in. broad in middle and narrowing to the base and by the pure white flowers.
White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Rumbek and Shambé); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).
788 =Hæmanthus multiflorus= _Martyn._ GASH-EL-FIL—Arab; OU—Golo.
Bulb 2-3 in. diam. Leaves 3-4, 6-12 in. long, 3-4 in. broad. Ped. separate from the leafy stem; fl. in dense globose umbels, 3-6 in. diam., blood-red; spathe-valves 6-8, 2 in. long. Per. tube cylindric, ½ in. long; segm. linear, 3-nerved, 1 in. long; filam. longer than per. segm.; fruit a scarlet berry.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Jebel.
=H. filiflorus= _Hiern._
Differs from above chiefly by broader leaves, 5-6 in. broad and 1-nerved per. segments.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, Jur: Jur Ghattas, Dar Fertit: Pongo River).
=H. rupestris= _Baker._
Bulb small. Leaves 2, 6 in. long, 4 in. broad. Spathe valves 4-5, reddish, 1½ in. long; per. segm. 3-nerved, ½ in. long.
Kordofan Prov. (Melbes).
789 =Pancratium tortuosum= _Herb._
Bulb long-necked, 2 in. diam. Leaves 6-12, 6-12 in. long, spirally twisted. Ped. very short; umbel 2-4 flowered; spathe valve 1. Per. tube 5-6 in. long; segm. linear, white. Filam. connate into a cup 1 in. long, toothed between the filam. tips, all white.
Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit, between Suakin and Khor Tamanib).
=P. trianthum= _Herb._ ATTAB—Golo.
Leaves 6-8, 12 in. or more, not twisted. Umbel of 1-3 flowers; spathe valves and teeth of staminal cup bifid, otherwise as above.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Red Sea Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas and Jur Aweit); Bahr El Jebel.
=P. maximum= _Forsk._
Leaves 4-5. Ped. 1-flowered; per. tube greenish, 4 in. long; segm. 2½ in., white; cup 2 in. long, faintly lobed.
Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin).
=IRIDACEÆ.=
790 =Lapeyrousia abyssinica= _Baker._
Herb with bulbous stem (corm), 6-12 in. high. Leaves 3-4, distichous, 3-6 in. long. Spikes lax 2-6 flowered; per. corolline, lilac, 6-lobed, ¾ in. long; sta. 3, ⅓ in. long; ovary inferior, 3-celled; style 3-branched, branches bifid.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).
791 =Tritonia bongensis= _Pax._
Cormed herb; stem 1 ft. long. Leaves 2, distichous, 1 ft. long. Spikes lax, 3-6 in. long; per. red-purple; tube ⅓ in. long; segm. 6, oblong, clawed, ¼ in. long; sta. 3; style 3-branched, branches simple, clavate; ovary inferior.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo; Lessi River); S.E. Sudan.
792 =Gladiolus quartinianus= _A. Rich._
Cormed herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves distichous 3-4, 18 in. long. Spikes 6-12 in. long, 6-9 flowered; spathe ab. 2 in. long; per. blood-red, more commonly pale-yellow; tube 1½ in. long; segm. 6, 2 in. long and 1 in. broad; sta. 3; style branches 3, spreading, flattened; ovary inferior.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.); Upper White Nile Prov. (Kio); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Niamniam-land: Gumango Hill); Bahr El Jebel.
=G. unguiculatus= _Baker._
Herb with 2-3 sheathing leaves, 18 in. long. Per. 1¼ in. long, white, tinged with greenish-brown; segm. clawed.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Bongo: south-west of Tonj River).
793 =Romulea Bulbocodium= _Seb._ & _Mauri._
Small crocus-like herb with membranous truncated bulb-scales; leaves linear, recurved; flowers blue-purplish with yellow anthers; common in the Mediterranean region.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, 4,000 ft.).
=ZINGIBERACEÆ.=
794 =Kæmpferia æthiopica= _Benth._ TONYANGWI (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; KAMUTWEN—Jur.
Herb, the handsome solitary flowers appearing out of the ground before the leaves. Leaves 3-5, oblong-lanceolate, 9-18 in. long. Calyx funnel- shaped, 1½ in. long; cor. tube exserted from calyx, lobes lanceolate, 1½ in. long, lilac-coloured; fertile sta. 1, anther ½ in. long; staminodes 5, petaloid, ab. 3 in. long, bright red-purple; ovary 3-celled.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River); Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Dar Fertit: between Chak Chak & Deim Zubeir); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).
=K. rosea= _Schweinf._
Flowers pink or lilac with yellow and deep purple streaks, many on a raceme, contemporary with the leaves.
Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Niamniam- land: Gumango Hill); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).
795 =Cadalvena spectabilis= _Fenzl._
Acaulescent herb with leaves in a rosette and few pale-yellow fl., 3 in. long, on short stalks from the centre. Calyx funnel-shaped, shortly toothed; cor. lobes 3, lanceolate, 2 in. long; fertile stamen shorter than cor. lobes; anther ½ in. with pale yellow strap-shaped appendage; side staminodes small, anterior one (lip) 3 in. long, pale yellow.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
796 =Costus pterometra= _Schumann._
A tall herb. Leaves obovate or oblanceolate, acute, acuminate, about 8 in. long and 3½ in. broad. Spikes ellipsoid, 3 in. long. Bracts elliptic.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).
=C. trachyphyllus= _Schumann._
Tall herb. Leaves oblong ab. 1 ft. long. Spikes many-flowered, 3 in. long, terminal; outer bracts orbicular, 1¼ in. diam., inner oblong, membranous. Cal. funnel-shaped, ½ in. long; cor. lobes oblong, 1½ in. long; fertile sta. 2 in. long petaloid, anther ¼ in., half-way down; lateral staminodes minute, 2 or absent; lip obovate 3 in. long white or tipped rose; style filiform, passing between lobes of anther, as in most others of this family.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole & Yuru Rivers).
797 =Amomum polyanthum= _Schumann._ AKORI—Zande.
Stem tall, leafy. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 1 ft. or more, pilose beneath. Fl. in a globose head on a basal peduncle 6-12 in. long, with large, imbricate bracts. Cal. funnel-shaped, slit one side; cor. tube cylindrical, dorsal lobe boat-shaped, lateral lanceolate spreading; lateral staminodes 0; lip oblong purplish-yellow 1 in. long: fertile anther with 3-lobed crest; filaments filiform.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Linduku River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Diamvonu Stream).
=A. luteo-album= _Schumann._
Leafy herb with stout root-stock; leaves hairy on veins. Much as above; lip white with yellow middle.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando Village).
=A. sanguineum= _Schumann._
Stem up to 15 ft. high. Leaves 1½ in. long, pubescent beneath. Infl. globose, simple or branched, radical; fl. enclosed in large brown bracts; dorsal cor. lobe bright red, 1½ in. long; lip pale yellow, 1½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika & Nabanda & Yuru Rivers).
=A. Korarima= _Pereira._ HABAHAN—Arab; ?NONGA—Zande.
Fruit flask-shaped 2 in. long, flattened one one side, glabrous.
Found in Abyssinia, on the Upper Sobat, from where its fruit is exported to the Sudan as a kind of Cardamom. It is said to be found also in the Southern B. El Ghazal Prov.
=A. giganteum= _Oliv._ & _Hamb._
Stems 15-20 ft. Leaves up to 2 ft. long and 6 in. broad. Flowering stem radical, 2 ft. long; flower spikes distichous enclosed in bracts; cor. lobes 2 in. long; lip 3 in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi).
=A. spp.=
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Atasilli River & Yuru River).
=MARANTACEÆ.=
798 =Thalia geniculata= _Linn._
Herb, up to 6 ft. high. Leaves with long petioles, sheathing the stem at the base, blades up to 1 ft. long and 6 in. broad. Infl. in a large lax panicle; bracts oblong, ½-1 in. long enclosing pairs of flowers; sep. 3, small; pet. 3, purple; staminodes violet, longer than petals; lip obovate, purple, crested; anther 1-celled on a narrow lobe.
Sobat River (Nasser); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Niamniam- land: Gumango Hill).
799 =Clinogyne cuspidata= _K. Schum._
Stems branched and leafy up to 12 ft. high. Leaves 1 ft. or more by 6 in., pinnately streaked with white, cuspidate, with sheathing pet. Panicles copious: flowers in pairs, one on a longer pedicel; sep. 3, ⅓ in. long; pet. 3; staminodes united in a tube at the base, ⅔ in. long, yellow or purple; lip obovate, keeled inside; sta. 1, anther 1-celled.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Diagbe River).
=C. ugandensis= _K. Schum._
Stems moderately stout. Leaves grey-green, 4-6 in. long, cusp eccentric; pet. sheath 5 in. long. Fl. much as above.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District, Doka’s).
=C. azurea= _Schum._
Stems tufted. Leaves 4-8 in. long, lower ones reduced to sheaths, cusp very acute. Bracts 2-flowered, 1 in. or more long; fl. bright blue, 1 in. long.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando’s village).
800 =Trachyphrynium Braunianum= _Baker._
Tall shrub with slender branchlets. Leaves oblong, cuspidate, 3-6 in. long; sheaths 2-4 in. long. Infl. terminal, simple; bracts oblong- lanceolate, 1 in. long, enclosing pairs of whitish flowers, 1 in. long; sep. 3, lanceolate, ½ in. long; pet. 3, connate at base; staminodes connate, 1 in. long; lip broad obliquely crested; sta. ligulate, anther adnate, 1-celled.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. (Lado); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole & Atassili Brook).
=MUSACEÆ.=
801 =Musa Schweinfurthii= _K. Schum._ et _Warb._ Niamnian-land.
=M. Ensete= _Gmel._ BOGGUMBOLI or BOO—Zande.
Plant 30-40 ft. high with a stem ventricose at base and a plume of leaves up to 20 ft. long and 3 ft. broad. Fl. in terminal spicate panicles, unisexual; peduncle short; flowering panicle short; bracts densely imbricate, dark-brown, the lower 1 ft. long, 4-5 in. broad. Fl. whitish 1½-2 in. long, in 2 dense rows, each of up to 20 flowers. Fruit 2-3 in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
=M. paradisiaca= _Linn._ =subsp. sapientum= _O. Ktze._ SHAGAR EL MUZ—Arab; FATH—Nuer; BEDIGAWA (tall plant with long triangular fruit), BIRA (medium-sized) & TINGI-TINGI (dwarf plant)—Zande. The Banana Plant.
Cultivated.
=ORCHIDACEÆ.=
802 =Microstylis sp.=
Herb about 6 in. high. Leaves 2 or 3, ovate, acute, 2-3 in. long, 1-1½ in. broad, 5-nerved at the base. Peduncle with 3 or 4 bracts. Flowers subcapitate, flesh-coloured, transparent. Lip bilobed, slightly fringed, ⅙ in. broad.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District: Ngoi).
803 =Megaclinium sp.=
Epiphyte on tree trunks. Pseudobulbs sessile in the axil, 2 in. long. Leaves lanceolate, emarginate, 4 in. long, 1 in. broad. Inflorescence about 1 ft. long. Rhachis 8 in. long, ⅓ in. broad. Flowers sessile, about 30 in each inflorescence.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District).
804 =Eulophia lutea= _Lindl._
Ground orchid with corm.-like base. Leaves distichous, usually plicate, linear to elliptic-lanceolate. Fl. scapes ab. 1 ft. long; racemes lax; bracts lanceolate, ¼ in. long; 3 sepals and 2 yellow petals ¼ in. long; lip oblong, 3-lobed; spur oblong 1/10 in. long.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District; Kagulu Khor).
=E. baginsensis= _Reichb. f._
Ground orchid with conical pseudobulbs. Leaves ensiform 1-2 ft. long, 2 in. broad, crenulate. Scape 3 ft. high, panicled above; bracts ovate lanceolate ¼ in. long. Sep. 3 and pet. 2 (as in all this family, excluding the lip); lip oblong, 3-lobed; front lobe rhomboid 3-many- toothed; spur shorter than ovary.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
=E. stachyodes= _Reichb. f._
Ground orchid. Leaves lanceolate-acuminate, 5-10 in. long, appearing after the fl. Scapes 2 ft. high; racemes 6 in. long, many flowered; bracts lanceolate, ¾ in. long, green and purple; pet. white, ¾ in. long; lip white with maroon streaks, 3-lobed; spur curved, 1/10 in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Yubbo River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District: Ngoi); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land).
=E. flavopurpurea= _Rolfe._
Ground orchid. Leaves elongate-linear, under ½ in. broad. Scape 2¼ ft. high; raceme 1 ft. long, few-flowered; petals yellowish-green, ¾ in. long; lip ligulate, 3-fid, striped purple; spur retrose, yellow at apex, small.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
=E. Woodfordii= _Rolfe._
Ground orchid with tuberous rhizome. Leaves lanceolate, 8-18 in. long, tapering to sheathing petiole. Scapes up to 3 ft. high; racemes 6-15 in. long with many greenish and light lilac flowers; sep. ¾ in. long, pet. a little shorter; lip ¾ in. long, somewhat trilobed, with 4 tubercles; spur broadly saccate.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District: Allumas).
=E. Schweinfurthii= _Kraenzl._
Ground orchid. Leaves elongate-linear. Scapes 2 ft. high; racemes few- flowered; sep. ¼ in. long, orbicular; pet. ¼ in. long, ligulate; lip 3-lobed, 3-ridged; spur stout, conical.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).
=E. guineensis= _Lindl._
Terrestrial orchid, with large conical pseudobulbs. Leaves lanceolate- or obovate-oblong, 4-12 in. long; pet. ½-5 in. long. Scapes 2-3 ft. long; racemes 8-12 in. long, many-flowered; sep. and pet. 1-1½ in. long, brown; lip pink, ovate; spur ¾-1 in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land & Niamniam-land).
=E. sp. near E. Zeyheri= _Sond._
Erect herb about 1½ ft. high. Leaves not seen. Flowers few, beautiful light yellow with brown lip.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei, Ngoi).
805 =Lissochilus pyrophilus= _Reichb._
In this genus all are terrestrial herbs with elongate lanceolate or linear, plicate leaves, rising from a creeping rhizome. In this sp.: scape 18 in. high; racemes 6-10 in. laxly many flowered; fl. brown, sep. and pet. ¼ in. long; lip 1/5 in. long, 3-lobed; spur minute.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Kuraggera).
=L. paludicolus= _Reichb. f._
Leaves 1½-2 ft. long, ½ in. broad. Scape 3 ft. long; raceme 10 in. long, laxly many yellow-flowered; sep. and pet. ½ in. long; lip obscurely 3-lobed, with 3 crenulate ridges; spur saccate, ¼ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ibba River); Bahr El Jebel.
=L. Millsonii= _Rolfe._
Scape 2-2½ ft. long; raceme 6-8 in. long; sep. and pet. ab. 1 in. long, cream-coloured; lip chocolate-coloured 3-lobed, with 5-9 crenulate ridges; spur ab. ⅙ in. long.
Mongalla Prov. (Kagulu).
=L. purpuratus= _Lindl._
Leaves 1-2 ft. long. Scape 3-4 ft. and raceme 9-12 in. long, many flowered. Sep. and pet. faint-pink, ¾ in. long, petals broader; lip 3-lobed, side lobes purplish brown, front lobe lilac with 2-4 darker crenulate ridges; spur conical, 1/5 in. long, pink.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshook Ali, Dar Fertit: Biselli, Niamniam- land); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).
=L. arenarius= _Lindl._
Leaves 1-1½ ft. long, ½ in. broad, appearing after flowers. Scapes 2-3 ft. high, racemes 4-8 in., 6-10 flowers. Fl. purple with greenish sepals; sep. ¾-1¼ in. long, lanceolate; pet. same length, broad- elliptic; lip ab. same length; broadly pandurate 3-lobed, with thickened crenulate median nerve; spur ab. ⅓ in. long, yellow inside.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=L. Roscheri= _Reichb. f._
Fl. small lilac, probably a small form of above.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Bongo: Gafal River).
=L. porphyroglossus= _Reichb. f._
Leaves long petioled, 3½ ft. long, 1¾ in. broad. Scapes tall; racemes 1 ft. long, many-flowered; sep. lanceolate, 1 in. long; pet. suborbicular, ab. 1 in., pale lilac: lip 3-lobed, 1¼ in. long, purple with 3-5 crenulate ridges; spur ⅓ in. conical.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Hoo River).
=L. Schweinfurthii= _Reichb. f._
Leaves 18 in. or more. Scapes tall, racemes 1 ft., many-flowered; sep. ovate-oblong, 1 in.; pet. suborbicular, slightly longer; lip suborbicular, undulate, 1 in. long, with 3, dividing into 5, ridges; spur ⅓ in. conical, curved.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Tuhami’s Zariba).
=L. orthoplectrus= _Reichb. f._
Scape 2 ft. high; raceme lax many-flowered. Fl. brown, striped with purple. Sep. triangular; pet. elliptical, ab. ½ in.; lip 3-lobed, front lobe ligulate, 5-ridged; spur conical, straight, ab. ¼ in.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: north of Uzze River).
=L. Wakefieldii= _Reichb. f._ & _S. Moore._
Leaves 4-5, about 12 in. long. Scapes 2-4 ft. long; raceme ab. 1 ft., laxly many-flowered; sep. ovate-oblong, ⅓ in. long, green; pet. broad- ovate, ¾ in. bright yellow; lip pandurate-oblong, ¾ in. long with 3-yellow ridges, spur conical, ab. ¼ in.
Mongalla Prov. (Bor to Gameiza).
806 =Tridactyle filifolia= _Schlechter._
Epiphyte on rocks or trees. Stems terete, jointed, rugose. Leaves very few, linear-acicular, acute, about 3½ in. long, glabrous. Flowers white, with a slender spur ¼ in. long.
Lado: Rocks at Asugi (_Sillitoe_ 146).
807 =Angræcum kotschyanum= _Reichb. f._
Epiphyte, 3-6 leaved. Leaves distichous obovate-oblong 2-5 in. long. Racemes pendulous 9-15 in. long, many-flowered; sep. elliptic- lanceolate, ½-1 in.; petals slightly smaller; lip pandurate ½-1 in. long; spur curved 5-8 in. long.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli: near Kamamil); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).
=A. sp.=
Epiphyte on _Landolphia owariensis_ and other trees; roots very numerous, straw-coloured, up to about 8 in. long. Leaves oblanceolate, 6 in. long, with about 30 nerves. Flowers not seen.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Chak-Chak & W. of Pongo River).
808 =Corymbis corymbosa= _Thou._
Tall ground orchid; stem leafy. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, sheathing, 7-9 in. long. Panicles axillary; fl. large white; sep. and pet. narrow below, somewhat dilated above; lip erect, linear, channelled, apex recurved.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
809 =Nervilia Kotschyi= _Schlechter._
Terrestrial herb; rhizome tuberiferous. Leaves appearing after flowers, variable in shape. Fl. racemose; sep and pet. ligulate, greenish; lip white, oblong-flabellate, trifid at apex.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).
810 =Habenaria njamnjamica= _Kränzl._
Terrestrial herb. Leaves 3-4, oblong or lanceolate, ab. 1 in. long, sheathing. Racemes elongate 7 in. long; bracts ovate, longer than fl.; dorsal sep., oblong, ¼ in. long, lateral sep. deflexed; pet. bipartite, lobes linear-falcate; lip 3-partite, ⅓ in. long; spur inflated ⅓ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
=H. armatissima= _Reichb. f._
Tuber large, over 1½ in. long; leaves 2, subopposite, basal ovate- orbicular, 3-4 in. long, 4-5 in. broad; bracts ovate, acuminate, ¾ in. long; flowers white.
=H. Bongensium= _Reichb. f._
Ground orchid, growing in grass in moist places, 1 ft. high. Leaves 5-10, ovate-lanceolate, cauline, 1-2½ in. long. Scape 1 ft. high; raceme 6 in. dense; bracts lanceolate, ½ in.; dorsal sep. elliptic, lateral oblong 3-nerved; pet. 2-partite, one lobe very small; lip 3-partite, median lobe much longer; spur curved ab. ⅓ in.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, J. Ghattas).
=H. Walleri= _Reichb. f._
Tall ground orchid with brilliant green foliage (Sillitoe), upper leaves oblong-linear reduced. Racemes with 4 large white fl. on 3-4 in. long pedicels; bracts ovate, ab. 1½ in. long; dorsal sep. ovate, hooded, ½ in. long, lateral elliptic-oblong, ¾ in.; pet. 2-partite; lip 3-lobed, side-lobes 1 in. long, front lobes shorter; spurs 3-4 in. long.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=H. cirrhata= _Reichb. f._
Ground orchid with 2 in. long, oblong tuber and 3 in. stem. Leaves 4-5, suborbicular, 2-3 in. long. Racemes few-flowered; bracts oblong, 2 in. long; fl. large, white, vanilla-scented; dorsal sep. oblong, ½ in. lateral deflexed, ¾ in.; pet. 2-partite, posterior lobe linear, 1 in., anterior filiform, 3-4 in. long; lip 3-partite, lobes filiform, ab. 1 in. long; spur 5-8 in. long.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, among bushes).
=H. sp.=
Herb, about 1 ft. high, with two suborbicular leaves at the base. Bracts large and membranous, about 1½ in. long, venose. Spurs very slender, about 4 in. long.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River), Sillitoe 140.
811 =Brachycorythis hispidula= _Schltr._
Densely leafy, velvety ground orchid, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate decreasing from ab. 1 in. to lanceolate, ½-1 in. long bracts. Racemes 3-8 in. long; fl. dense white and purple; dorsal sep. elliptic-oblong, ¼ in., lateral broader, oblique; pet. ovate, ¼ in. long; lip 3-lobed ⅓ in. long, front lobe shorter, broadly triangular.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District: Asugi & Ngoi).
=B. Schweinfurthii= _Reichb. f._
Leafy ground orchid, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves 2-3 in. long, imbricate, cuneate, ligulate. Infl. spicate or racemose, dense, 6 in. long; bracts linear-lanceolate, about as long as the purple flowers; dorsal sep. elliptic, lateral axe-shaped; pet. oblong, incurved; lip 3-lobed, side lobe semi-lunate, front lobe triangular, minute; spur obtuse-angled.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: on Steppes).
=B. grandis, var. sudanica= _Braid._
Erect herb, 2 ft. high; leafy from base. Leaves lanceolate, very acute, 2 in. long, ½ in. broad, 3-nerved, glabrous. Flowers pale pink. Spur very short.
Mongalla Prov. (Lado Dist.: Doka’s).
812 =Bonatea sudanensis= _Rolfe._
Cauline leaves sessile, elliptic-oblong, 2½-4½ in. long, 1¼ in. broad. Racemes 5-flowered; bracts 3 cm. long. Pedicel and ovary 2 in. long. Spur 4 in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).
813 =Platycoryne crocea= _Rolfe._
Slender ground orchid, 1 ft. high. Leaves ab. 7, cauline, lanceolate, ab. 1 in. long. Racemes 3-4 flowered, short; bracts ovate-oblong, ¼-½ in.; fl. orange-buff; lateral sep. and petals ovate-oblong, 1/5 in. long; dorsal sep. ovate, hooded; lip 3-lobed, side lobes minute, front lobe 1/5 in.; spur over ½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: south of the Lessi River).
=PALMÆ.=
814 =Phœnix dactylifera= _Linn._ NAKHLA—Arab. The Date Palm.
Cultivated, especially in the Northern parts of the Sudan, for its fruit, which is called BALAH or TAMR by Arabs.
The timber is used for beams and posts; mats, fans, baskets and ropes are made from the leaves and crates and baskets from the petioles. The tree yields a gum which is considered a useful remedy for diarrhœa. A perfume is obtained by distillation, from the spathes. Date sugar can be obtained from the juice tapped from the stem, but at the expense of the fruit crop. (Male DAKAR, female NITAYA, green date DUFFEIG or ROTAB, leave stalk GEREIDAH, spathe AF, male flowers ARGUN, female ZABATA, seed NAWA)—Arab.
=P. reclinata= _Jacq._ KINGE—Zande.
Much like a small date palm; stems 3-5 ft. high; leaves 2-5 ft. long, midrib white-woolly underneath.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Genana & Jur Ghattas, near Tonj & Southern B. El Ghazal).
Fruit edible, leaves used for hats, mats, etc., and the trunk for building.
815 =Raphia Monbuttorum= _Drude._ NAKHL EL FARAUN—Arab.
Acaulescent, or stem up to 5 ft. long, densely annulate; leaves in a terminal crown, large, pinnatisect. Infl. monœcious; spadices branched, large, pendulous, cylindrical, branches and branchlets compressed, the latter pectinately arranged; fl. solitary in cup-shaped bracts, male at base and fem. above.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Okale).
The stalks of the leaves, oval in section and 2 in. by 1 in. thick, are used as carrying poles.
816 =Calamus Barteri= _Becc._
Climbing palm, up to 50 ft. high; stem ab. 1 in. thick. Leaves distant, equally pinnate, margins, midrib and nerves of leaflets spinosely hairy, sheaths also spiny. Spadix polygamous diœcious, branched, each branch bearing 30-40 fl.; bracteoles of male fl. with 2 wing-like keels.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khor Tela).
=C. sp.?= PODO (the fruit)—Zande.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (South).
817 =Ancistrophyllum Schweinfurthii= _Mann_ & _Wendl._
Climbing palm up to 60 ft. high. Leaves 12-14 ft. long, equally pinnate, midrib gradually tapering to a whip-like, sometimes spiny tendril, 5-6 ft. long; pet., sheaths and spaces between leaflets spinous. Fl. hermaphrodite.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Mansilli Brook).
818 =Borassus flabellifer= _Linn._ =var. æthiopum= _Warburg._ DELEIB—Arab; GAGGIAM (the small tree) & DAGGĀT (full grown tree) (Dilling) GIĀT (J. Ghulfan) & MUNLI (J. Eliri)—Nuba; INJIR—Bari; TUK (Bahr El Jebel)—Dinka & Jur; DALANZE—Golo; NURR—Nuer; OKWA—Zande.
Tall, erect, usually unbranched palm, up to 60-70 ft. high; stem robust annulate, thickened above the middle. Leaves fan-shaped, broader than long, in a terminal crown. Infl. diœcious. Drupe obscurely 3-angled, smooth, orange-coloured, with a fibrous epicarp.
Southern Sudan.
Almost every part of this palm is put to some use. The fibres from the leaves and leaf-stalks are used for rope making; the leaves for thatching; the pericarp of the fruit is edible, and the kernel itself is eaten when young. The wood is heavy, hard and durable, and is useful for building, canoes, water-pipes, etc. From the unopen spathes a sap is drawn which when fresh is sweet and when boiled down yields Date Sugar or Jaggery, it quickly ferments, and gives a raw spirit called toddy. The root tip as it emerges from the germinating seed is eaten as a vegetable.
819 =Hyphæne thebaica= _Mart._ DOM—Arab; ANDO (J. Daier), KARIAI (J. Eliri) & AMURTE (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba; GORA—Hameg; KEIR & TUNUSHO—Bari; NIAT (Kaka) & TAAM—Dinka; DAYA & LEL—Nuer; KAYU—Shilluk; TAANG—Burun. The Dom Palm.
Tree up to 50 ft. high; stems branching dichotomously. Leaves 20-30 in a terminal crown on each branch, fan-shaped; petiole sheathing at base, spiny on margins. Fruit 3 in. long, obliquely ovoid, obscurely 3-angled.
Usually near running water, throughout the Sudan; Nubia; Dongola Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; White Nile Prov.
The leaves are made into mats and their fibre is used for rope-making. The pulp round the seeds is insipid but is eaten. The kernels give a vegetable ivory. The timber is strong and is used for posts and beams.
820 =Medemia Argun= _P.G. von Württemburg._ DOM—Arab.
Tree with undivided stems and fan-shaped leaves. Fruit ellipsoid, dull brown, 1 5/6 in. long.
Nubia (Wadi Delah, near Murrat wells in the Great Nubian Desert, between Korosko & Abu Hamed); Halfa Prov. (Upper reaches of Wadi Gebgaba, Lat. 21° 45′ N. & Long. 33° E.); Kordofan Prov. (20-21° Lat. N.).
The leaves yield a strong fibre.
=M. abiadensis= _Wendl._
Much as above; fruit ellipsoid, bright brown, 1½ in. long. On the White Nile.
821 =Elæis guineensis= _Jacq._ The Oil Palm.
Erect palm; stem 20-30 ft. high, annulate, bearing remains of old leaves. Leaves many in a terminal crown, 10-15 ft. long; pet. 4 ft. long, spiny on margins; leaflets 18 in. or more long. Fruit ovoid, umbilicate at apex, 1-3 seeded.
White Nile; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).
Introduced. Not cultivated to any extent in the Sudan at present.
=PANDANACEÆ.=
822 =Pandanus sp.=
Leaves sword-like, sharply toothed, probably about 4 ft. long, thick and leathery. Flowers not seen.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Diagbe River).
=ERIOCAULACEÆ.=
823 =Eriocaulon bifistulosum= _Van Heurck_ & _Muell. Arg._
Aquatic herb; stem elongated, densely leafy above. Leaves filiform, 1-3½ in. long. Ped. numerous, 1½-5 in. long, with sheaths, ab. 1 in. long, obtuse or bifid at apex. Fl. minute, in globose-depressed brownish monœcious heads, ⅙ in. diam.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Biri River; Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=E. bongense= _Engl._ & _Ruhland._
Stemless aquatic herb. Leaves radical, linear, 1½-3 in. long. Ped. 5-16 to a plant, 3-12 in. long; sheaths 1-3½ in. long, rather loose. Heads light straw-coloured, subglobose, ab. ⅓ in. diam.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Agaza River near Jur Ghattas; Bongo: at Bulu near Sabbi).
=E. elegantulum= _Engl._
Stemless aquatic or marsh herb. Leaves 4-10, linear, ⅓-3 in. long. Ped. 2-16, acutely 3-4 angled, 1-8 in. long; sheaths ⅓-3 in. long, inflated. Heads ab. ⅙ in. diam., globose; male fl. usually central, greyish-white; fem. brown.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=CYPERACEÆ (Sedges).[5]=
(_i_) _Empty glumes at base of spikelet 1-2; fertile glumes 1 to many, distichous; hypogynous bristles or scales 0; infl. umbellate or capitate; fl. hermaphrodite._
(_a_) _Style 2-branched._
824 =Kyllinga erecta= _Schum._ & _Thonn._
Glabrous herb; rhizome creeping, up to 8 in. long; stems more or less distant, nodeless. Leaves close to base of stem and up to half its length, ⅛ in. broad. Head of 1 spike, ¼-⅓ in. diam., ovoid, dense, golden tinged; bracts 3-4, up to 3 in. long; spikelets with 1 fertile glume, which is not winged; nut yellow-brown, turning black.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei R.).
=K. melanosperma= _Nees._
Glabrous herb; rhizome thick, ½-1½ in. long; stems 20-30 in. long, 3-angled at top. Leaves up to 6 in. long, ⅙ in. broad. Head of 1 spike, ⅓ in. long, ovoid; bracts 3-4, up to 4 in. long; spikelets with 1 fertile, not winged glume; nut black.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
=K. crassipes= _Boeck._
Rhizome short; stems 4-8 in. long. Leaves up to 9 in. long. Heads of 1-3 spikes, pale brown; bracts 4-5, up to 9 in. long; spikelets with 1 fertile glume, which is not winged, but has sunk red glands.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Atwot District).
=K. pungens= _Link._
Rhizome thick, brown-scaly; stem 8-18 in. long. Leaves under 9 in. long. Head of 1 spike, subglobose, ¼-⅓ in. diam.; bracts 4-5, 1-4 in. long; fertile glume 1, not winged; nut black.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Matju River).
=K. triceps= _Rottb._
Stems sub-bulbous at base, tufted, 2-12 in. long. Leaves up to 12 in. long. Heads of usually 3, sometimes 1 spike, white or green, 1/5-⅓ in. long; bracts 3-4, up to 3 in. long; fertile glume in spikelet 1, sometimes red gland-dotted; nuts yellow-brown.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba & Jur Ghattas).
=K. squamulata= _Vahl._
Root fibrous; stems tufted. Leaves as long as stem. Head green to brown, globose, usually of 1 spike, ⅓ in. diam.; bracts 3, up to 4 in. long; spikelets numerous; fertile glume 1 with a toothed winged keel; nuts dull-brown.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid & J. Kurbaj); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=K. controversa= _Steud._ =var. subexalata= _C. B. Clarke._
Roots, stems and leaves as above, but sheaths of last much torn. Head globose of usually 3 spikes; bracts 3-4, up to 6 in. long; spikelets numerous; fertile glume 1, keel with narrow ciliate wing.
Kordofan Prov. (J. Kurbaj).
=K. polyphylla= _Willd._
Rhizome short, thick; stems 10-20 in. long, 3-angled at top. Leaves up to ab. 1 ft. long. Head of 1, sometimes 3, orange-green spikes; bracts 5-8, sometimes over 4 in. long; spikes ⅓ in. diam., ovoid; fertile glume in spikelet 1, wingless; nuts red-brown.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=K. sphærocephala= _Boeck._
Rhizome slender; stems 1 ft. long, slender. Leaves up to 8 in. long. Head pale cinnamon-coloured, globose, ¼ in. diam.; spike 1; bracts 2-3, up to 2 in. long; spikelets with 1, 4-ribbed fertile glume; nut yellow- brown.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=K. pumila= _Mich._
Roots fibrous; stems tufted, 4-18 in. long, slender; sheaths reddish. Leaves up to ab. 1 ft. long. Head green or greenish-white; spikes 1-3, middle spike ab. ⅓ in. long; bracts 2-4, 2-6 in. long; spikelets dense; fertile glume 1, rarely 2, not winged; nut yellow-brown.
Nubia; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).
825 =Pycreus flavescens= _Nees._
Annual; stems 1-12 in. long. Leaves up to 8 in., crowded close to the base. Spikes 1 or more, loosely umbelled, of 3-12 clustered ebracteolate spikelets; bracts 2-4, overtopping umbel; spikelets straw-coloured, red- tinged; fertile glumes 8-36, boat-shaped; nuts whitish, laterally compressed.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Kordofan Prov. (Rahad); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Main River: Nuer country; Bongo: Addai).
=P. Mundtii= _Nees._ UMTUGG (N. Kordn.)—Arab.
Stems 8-24 in. long, decumbent and rooting at base and clothed with leaf-sheaths up to ¾ of its length. Leaves 4-10 in. long. Spikes usually in many-rayed simple umbels, rarely subcompound or 1 spike only, bearing 3-8 ebracteolate spikelets; bracts 4 to many, overtopping the umbel; spikelets containing 12-16 fertile glumes, brown; nuts biconvex, dotted.
Khartoum Prov.; North Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Kallokitting 4,000 ft.); Upper White Nile Prov. (mouth of Sobat River & Khor Attar); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Arab); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).
=P. nitens= _Nees._
Annual; stems tufted up to 12 in. long. Leaves ab. same length. Umbels simple; spikes 1-6; bracts 3-6, ½-6 in. long; spikelets straw-coloured, 5-30 per spike; fertile glumes 8-44, boat-shaped; nuts pale-brown, laterally compressed.
Kordofan Prov. (Abu Garad).
=P. polystachyos= _P. Beauv._
Roots fibrous; stems tufted, 12-30 in. long. Leaves basal, up to length of stem. Umbels usually compound of 1-7 rays; spikes of 10-50 ebracteolate spikelets; bracts 3-6, 4-12 in. long; fertile glumes in spikelet 20-50; straw-coloured or reddish; nut brown.
=var. laxiflora= _Benth._
Spikes open, subcorymbose or umbellate; spikelets subsolitary.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=P. globosus= _Reichb._ =var. nilagirica= _C. B. Clarke._
Annual or biennial; stems tufted, 1-2 ft. long. Leaves up to 16 in. long. Umbels 1-6 in. diam., simple or compound or 1 compound head, bracts 3-5, lowest overtopping inflorescence; spikelets up to ¾ in. long, compressed, dark-brown; fertile glumes 8-30; nuts blackish.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei R.).
=P. propinquus= _Nees._
Stems and leaves 12-18 in. long. Spikes 10-16 in 1 compound, pale-yellow head; bracts 3, 3-7 in. long; spikelets ½ in. long; fertile glumes 20-36, slightly inflated; nuts red-brown.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=P. capillifolius= _C. B. Clarke._
Annual; stems tufted, very slender, 4-8 in. long. Leaves same length, almost hair-like. Head 1, lateral, of 4-18 ebracteolate spikelets which are ½-¾ in. long and have 10-30 fertile, pale-yellow inflated glumes; bracts 2, 1-2½ in. long; nut black, smooth, half the length of glume.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=P. elegantulus= _C. B. Clarke._
Annual; stems 8-28 in. long. Leaves ⅔ length of stem, narrow. Umbel of 1-7 dense, compound spikes, each of 5-30 dense spikelets or by congestion forming a mass of 80 spikelets or more; bracts 3-5, 3-9 in. long; spikelets up to ⅔ in. long, ebracteolate, 6-16 fld.; glumes not overlapping in fruit, dark-brown with green keel; nut obovoid, ab. ½ length of glume; style short.
Between Khartoum & Shendi.
=P. umbrosus= _Nees._
Rhizome woody, giving out suckers 12 in. long or more, clothed with dark-brown scales; stems 12-18 in. long. Leaves ⅙ in. broad, longer than stem; sheaths fleshy, with transverse lines. Umbels subsimple, rays 3-7, up to 2 in. long; bracts 4, lowest 6 in. long; spikes of 3-8 ebracteolate spikelets; spikelets 16-fld., brown to black, keels yellowish-brown or green; style shorter than nut, which is ¼ length of glume, dark-brown.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main river: Nuer villages).
=P. albomarginatus= _Nees._
Annual; stem solitary, 1-3 ft. high, 3-angled at top. Leaves ⅔ length of stem, ab. ¼ in. broad. Umbel usually compound; primary rays 3-11, 1-7 in. long; bracts 3-6, lowest 8-18 in. long. Spikes subglobose or elongate, 1¼-2 in. long, of 8-12 usually ebracteolate spikelets; spikelets straw-coloured, 18-30 fld.; glumes with white margins; nut black, ⅔ length of glume.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Garad); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
826 =Juncellus alopecuroides= _C. B. Clarke._ SEID & SAMAR BALADI (Egypt)—Arab.
Large herb; stem solitary, 18-36 in. long, 3-angled at top. Leaves length of stem, ⅓ in. broad. Umbel 6 in. and more in diam., compound; rays 4-10; bracts 3-8, lowest 6 in. and more long; spikes 3-5 together, sessile, 1-1½ in. long, dense; spikelets 8-30 fld.; compressed, straw- coloured; glumes closely imbricate; nut ⅓ length of glume, anterior angle flattened.
Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Kallokitting 4,200 ft.); Upper White Nile Prov. (Mouth of Bahr El Zeraf).
Cultivated in Lower Egypt for its stems which are made into mats, also for sweetening land about to be reclaimed.
=J. pustulatus= _C. B. Clarke._
Annual; stems tufted, 4-16 in. long. Leaves few, ab. ⅔ length of stem, narrow. Umbels simple, rays 1-5, 0-2½ in. long; bracts 3, lowest 3-7 in. long. Spikes of 2-5 subsessile spikelets, ebracteolate; spikelets white, purple-marked, up to ½ in. long; rhachilla persistent; flowering glumes 8-18; nut 2/5 length of glume, much flattened on anterior angle.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=J. pygmæus= _C. B. Clarke._
Annual; stems densely tufted, 1-10 in. high. Leaves as long, narrow. Infl. a dense compound head of numerous spikelets; bracts 3-8, dilated at base, lowest up to 3-6 in. long; spikelets green to pale-brown, 1/5 in. long, compressed, 8-24. fld.; glumes deciduous from lowest, rhachilla persistent; nut ab. ⅓ length of glume, plano-convex, brown, smooth.
Dongola Prov. (banks of the Nile); Khartoum Prov. (North); Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile & Kordofan Provinces.
=J. lævigatus= _C. B. Clarke._
Rhizome woody; stems crowded or distant, 6-24 in. long, bases enclosed by red-brown scales. Leaves variable, usually short. Spike solitary, lateral, of 1-30 spikelets; bracts 2, lowest continuing the stem, 1-3 in. long; spikelets ⅓ in. long, straw-coloured, 12-24. fld.; nut ab. ⅔ length of glume, plano-convex; rhachilla persistent.
Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat & 21° N.L.); Darfur Prov. (J. Meidob, 2,400 ft.).
827 =Cyperus nudicaulis= _Poir._
Floating herb; rhizome long; stems tufted, 12-30 in. long. Leaves reduced to pale-brown leaf-sheaths. Head of 1-12 sessile spikelets; bracts 1-3, the lowest suberect, continuing the stem, shorter than head; spikelets ½-1 in. long, flattened, 30-70 fld., pale or reddish; glumes 3-nerved, falling off seriatim from lowest from persistent rhachilla; sta. 3; style long, branches short; nut ⅔ length of glume, flattened, base corky, thickened.
White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Sudd); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main river).
=C. Colymbetes= _Kotschy_ & _Peyr._
Stems tufted, 1-2 ft. long, 3-angled. Leaves 0. Head of 6-30 spikelets; bracts 2; spikelets ½-⅔ in. long, up to 40 fld., otherwise as above.
Fung Prov. (Saoleil & Sherif); Mouth of Bahr El Jebel.
=C. leucocephalus= _Retz._
Glabrous herb; stems bulbous at base, 4-10 in. long, tufted. Leaves up to ⅔ length of stem. Head 1 globose, white or pale brown, up to ⅔ in. diam., of 6-40 spikelets; bracts 3, lowest 2 in. long; spikelets up to ⅓ in. long, compressed; glumes 1-3 nerved close; sta. 1; style shorter than nut which is ⅓-⅔ length of glume, yellow, bluntly 3-angled.
Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.).
=C. compactus= _Lam._ ’ESHŪB, SE’ED—Arab.
Perennial; rhizome short; stem 4-16 in. long, with hard, dark brown leaf-sheaths at base. Leaves up to length of stem. Head 1 of 5-20 spikelets, ½-1½ in. diam., yellowish; bracts 3-4, dilated at base, lowest 2-4 in. long; spikelets ⅓-⅔ in., oblong, compressed, 8-18 fld.; glumes ab. ¼ in. long, close, striate; nut ⅓ length of glume, 3-angled; style shorter than nut.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Abu Gurun’s Zariba).
=C. conglomeratus= _Rottb._
Glabrous herb; rhizome usually short; roots woolly; stems 4-24 in. long, somewhat 3-angled at top. Leaves half to twice as long as stem. Simple umbel or head of few spikes; bracts 3-5, lowest 3-6 in. long, suberect, dilated at base; spikelets 3-25 to a head, ab. ½ in. long, 8-16 fld., straw-coloured or pale brown; glumes minutely mucronate, ribbed; style short, branches rather long; nut ⅓ length of glume, 3-angled.
Nubian Desert (Wadi El Derood); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Darfur Prov.
=C. cruentus= _Rottb._ TOROG—Hadendowa; ASHAM—Rashida.
Spikelets narrower and glumes closer on rhachilla, but otherwise as above.
Nubia (between Suakin & Berber: Obak); Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov. (Atbara, near Bulak); Kassala Prov. (Gash Delta: Um Adam); Red Sea Prov. (Er-Rih Island, Red Sea); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Garad).
=C. amabilis= _Vahl._
Glabrous annual; stems tufted, 2-8 in. long. Leaves up to ½ length of stem. Umbel simple or compound (rarely 1 head), rays up to 14 and 4 in. long; bracts up to 4, shorter than umbel. Spikelets 3-10 together, ⅔ in long, golden-brown, 16-36 fld.; glumes minutely mucronate, keel of 3-5 green nerves; style as long as nut; nut 2/5 length of glume, obovoid, brown.
White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Bongo-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=C. uncinatus= _Poir._
Glabrous annual; stems tufted, 2-10 in. long. Leaves length of stem, bristly. Umbels usually simple; bracts 3-6, bristly, longer than umbel; spikelets digitate, usually 3-10 together, ½ in. long, 8-28 fld., compressed, pale-rusty to brown; glumes 3-nerved, the green keel produced into a prominent bristle; nut half as long as glume (excl. mucro), oblong-obovoid.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
=C. reduncus= _Hochst._
Glabrous herb; stems tufted, 2-10 in. long. Leaves length of stem. Umbel usually compound, 3-4 in. diam.; bracts longer than umbel. Spikes digitate, of 3-20 spikelets, which are flattened and 30 fld.; glumes with short recurved mucro; style short, as are the branches; nut ab. ¾ in. length of glume, narrow, brown.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=C. difformis= _Linn._
Glabrous annual; stems tufted, 4-20 in. long, 3-angled at top. Leaves ½-⅔ length of stem. Spikes in simple or compound umbel or contracted into 1 head; bracts 2-4, lowest 2-10 in. long. Spikelets many in dense heads, dusky or brown, 10-30 fld.; glumes close packed, obtuse; sta. 1 (rarely 2); style much shorter than nut, branches short: nut nearly as long as glume, 3-angled, straw-coloured to brown.
Kordofan Prov. (Rahad); Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,300 ft.); Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas; Niamniam-land: Linduku River).
=C. microlepis= _Boeck._
Spikelets whitish; glumes more elongate and less obtuse, and nut more elongate and narrower than in above.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gir; Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=C. dichroostachyus= _Hochst._
Glabrous herb; rhizome 4-8 in. long; stems distant, 18-36 in. long, sharply 3-angled at top. Leaves ½-¾ length of stem, up to ½ in. broad. Umbel lateral, compound, 2-5 in. diam.; bracts 3-4, up to 8 in. long, lowest in continuation of stem. Spikes of 3-5 spikelets, digitate, numerous; spikelets white, brown spotted, 6-14 fld.; glumes 1-nerved, obtuse; sta. 2; style very short; nut ¾ length of glume, yellow-brown.
North Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).
=C. Haspan= _Linn._
Glabrous herb; rhizome creeping; stems distant or close together, 4-28 in. long, 3-angled or winged at top. Leaves almost absent to longer than stem. Umbel usually compound once or more, rarely simple; bracts 2-3, lowest suberect, shorter to longer than the umbel. Spikelets digitate, 2-6 together, up to ½ in. long, compressed, 10-40 fld.; glumes 1-3 nerved, greenish or purplish; sta. 2-3; style short; nut ab. ½ length of glume, pale-brown.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. Yei River).
=C. flavidus= _Retz._
Short-lived annual; stems tufted, 2-8 in. long, obtusely 3-angled. Leaves longer than stem. Umbel very compound, yellow to blackish; bracts longer than umbel; sta. 1; nut white; otherwise as above.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=C. podocarpus= _Boeck._
Glabrous herb; rhizome scaly; stems tufted, obtusely 3-angled, 10 in. long. Leaves ⅔ length of stem. Umbel simple; rays 2-4, ab. ½ in. long; bracts 3, lowest suberect, 4-8 in. long. Spikes of 3-7 spikelets, ebracteate; spikelets 2/5 in. long, 8-12 fld., purple mottled; glumes obtuse; sta. 3; style shorter than nut, which is ½ length of glume, broad ellipsoid, 3-angled, suddenly narrowed into a minute stalk, black.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=C. sphærospermus= _Schrad._
Glabrous herb; rhizome woody, 2 in. long; stems 6-14 in. long, more or less sharply 3-angled at top. Leaves from ½ the length to (rarely) more than length of stems. Umbel simple or compound, 1-5 in. diam.; bracts varying from 1 in. to length in infl. Spikes of 3-8 digitate spikelets, straw-coloured or rich brown; spikelets ½ in. long, compressed, 10-30 fld.; sta. 3; style short, branches longer than the minute nut.
Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).
=C. flabelliformis= _Rottb._
Rhizome stout; stems 2-3 ft. long, tufted, rounded or angular at top. Leaves 0, except on early sterile shoots. Umbel usually compound, 4-12 in. diam.; primary rays 6 to numerous, subequal; bracts 8-12 subequal, longer than umbel; spikes whitish-yellow to rusty, of 2-15 digitate spikelets which are compressed and 10-20 fld.; glumes hard, shining, pointed; sta. 3; style short, branches long; nut ½ length of glume.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).
=C. dichromenæformis= _Kunth._ =var. major= _Boeck._
Rhizome woody; stems 12-30 in. long, almost flattened at top. Leaves nearly as long, up to ½ in. broad. Head of 12-34 spikelets; bracts 4-5, lowest up to 10 in. long; spikelets ½ in. long, flattened, straw- coloured, 12-20 fld.; glumes distant; sta. 3; styles shorter than nut, branches long; nut ⅔ length of glume, 3-angled, brown.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Kulenjo).
=C. Renschii= _Boeck._
Tall glabrous herb; stems up to 6 ft. high, 3-angled to 3-winged at top. Leaves up to 4 ft. by 1 in., 3-nerved. Umbel 8-24 in. diam., decompound; bracts 2 ft. long. Spikes abundant, green to red-brown, small, of 2-7 clustered spikelets which are 1/12 in. long, oblong, 3-6 fld.; glumes distichous, mucronate; sta. 2-3; style half the length and branches length of the nut which is ab. ½ length of glume.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
=C. Iria= _Linn._
Glabrous annual; stems tufted, 4-20 in. long. Leaves ab. as long as stem. Umbel usually compound, 2-20 in. diam.; rays often long; bracts longer than umbel. Spikes of 5-20 spikelets loosely spicate on a ⅓-2 in. long rhachis; spikelets slender, ab. ½ in. long, yellow or brown, 6-20 fld.; nut nearly length of glume, black; style short, branches shortly exserted.
Nubia; Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Darfur Prov. (J. Barkin); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).
=C. aristatus= _Rottb._
Glabrous annual; stems tufted, 1-7 in. long. Leaves up to length of stem. Umbel appearing simple (or 1 spike); rays 1-6, up to 3 in. long, lowest bract usually longer than umbel. Spikes ½ in. long, cylindric, of 5-40 spikelets, brown when ripe; spikelets up to ½ in. long, compressed, 6-30 fld.; glumes striate, ending in a conspicuous recurved bristle; sta. 1; nut ⅓ length of glume, brown; style shorter than nut, branches shortly exserted.
Kordofan Prov. (Abu Garad); Upper White Nile Prov. (Taufikia); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).
=C. distans= _Linn. f._
Glabrous herb; rhizome stout; stems 1-3 ft. long. Leaves up to length of stem. Umbel compound, 8-12 in. diam., sometimes congested or scanty; bracts usually longer than umbel. Rhachis of spike ⅓-2 in. long; spikelets spicate, almost acicular, 10-12 fld., reddish; glumes distant; style shorter than nut, branches shortly exserted; nut ab. ½ length of glume, black.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River, Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=C. eleusinoides= _Kunth._
Stems 1-3 ft. long, throwing out lateral shoots at base. Spikes 1 in. long dense cylindric; spikelets obliquely spreading, green or grey- brown, ½ in. long, ab. 10 fld.; glumes mucronate, approximate; otherwise as above.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).
=C. latifolius= _Poir._
Glabrous herb; stolons (runners) long; stem 2-3 ft. long, acutely 3-angled at top. Leaves ¾ length of stem, ¾ in. broad. Umbel compound, dense, secondary umbels corymbose; bracts longer than umbel. Spikes of 4-8 spikelets: spikelets ½ in. long, pallid or reddish, 8-16 fld.; glumes obtuse, imbricated; nut ½ length of glume, black.
Bahr El Jebel (Hillet El Nuer).
=C. pilosus= _Vahl._
Glabrous, except spike-rhachis which is minutely hairy; stem 12-30 in. long, acutely 3-angled at top. Leaves ¾ length of stem. Umbel usually compound; bracts several, lowest longer than umbel. Spikelets ½ in. long at right angles to the rhachis, pale reddish, 10-24 fld.; glumes obtuse, rather loose; nut 3/5 length of glume, black.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=C. bulbosus= _Vahl._
Glabrous bulbed herb; stolons slender, ending in small bulb; stem 4-12 in. long, very slender. Leaves longer than stem, tapering. Umbel contracted, subcorymbose; bracts 3-6 overtopping umbel. Spikelets 4-6 to the spike, compressed, red; rhachilla winged; flowering glumes 8-26, obtuse, striate; nut ½ length of glume, black; style short, branches long.
Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Wadi El Omari & Khor Tamanib).
The roots are used as flour in times of scarcity and eaten roasted or boiled.
=C. microbolbos= _C. B. Clarke._
Bulbed glabrous herb; stems 3 in. high, slender; stolons capillary, ending in minute bulbs. Leaves 6 in. long. Spikes 1 or 2 together, ped. ¼ in. long; bracts 2, longer than spike. Spikelets 3-5 per spike, ½ in. long, compressed red-brown, 24 fld.; glumes green-mucronate; sta. 3; style length of nut, branches long; nut ½ length of glume, brown.
Red Sea Prov. (coast-land to between 3,000-4,000 ft., Suakin).
=C. esculentus= _Linn._ SAAD—Arab.
Bulbed herb; stolons slender, ending in bulbs ½ in. diam., ringed by transverse lines; stems 6-24 in. long, 3-angled at top. Leaves up to ¾ length of stem. Umbel more or less compound, 3-12 in. diam.; bracts 3-5, ab. as long as umbel. Spikes of 4-30 spikelets which are ¼-¾ in. long, pale yellow to brown, 6-30 fld., rhachilla winged; glumes blunt, striate; style shorter than nut, branches long; nut ab. ½ length of glume.
Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=C. articulatus= _Linn._
Glabrous herb, stolons hardening into long rhizomes; stems 3-6 ft. high, when dry showing joints ½-1½ in. apart. Leaves reduced to sheaths. Umbel usually compound, 1-8 in. diam.; bracts elliptic-lanceolate. Spikelets 3-4 to spike, or more by congestion of spikes into one, ⅓-1 in. long, 12-50 fld., straw-coloured to brown; glumes obtuse; style branches long; nut 3/5 length of glume, black.
White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Jebel.
=C. schimperianus= _Steud._ DIS & SID—Arab.
Glabrous herb; rhizome woody; stems 1-3 ft. long. Leaves under ⅓ length of stem. Umbel usually compound, 3-10 in. diam.; bracts 4-7. Spikes of 3-20 loosely arranged, often drooping, 12-24 fld. spikelets, which are ½-¾ in. long, compressed, red-brown; rhachilla winged, wings deciduous; glumes distant, obtuse; style branches long; nut ½ length of glume.
Nubia; Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov. (Atbara: Shallalat); Khartoum Prov. (Nile near J. Royan); Fung Prov.
=C. nubicus= _C. B. Clarke._
Glabrous herb; stolons hardening into rhizomes; stems up to 2 ft. long, 3-angled at top. Leaves 12 in. by ¼ in. Umbel compound, 5-8 in. diam. Spikelets numerous, rusty-red, up to 1 in. long, 20-30 fld., compressed; rhachilla wings ovate, deciduous; glumes acute, distant; style short, branches long; nut 2/5 length of glume, black. Bracts 3-4, longer than umbel.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).
=C. schweinfurthianus= _Boeck._
Tall scabrous herb; stems 1-3 fl. long, 3-angled. Leaves ½-⅔ length of stem. Umbel irregular, simple or compound primary rays up to 12 in. long; bracts few to many, according to number of rays equalling or overtopping the umbel. Spikes loose; spikelets 3-9 per spike, 1 in. long, 20 fld., straw-coloured, compressed; wings of rhachilla oblong, deciduous; glumes distant, apiculate; style short, branches long; nut ½ length of glume, black.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=C. elatior= _Boeck._
Stem 30 in. high, stout, smooth. Umbel compound; rays up to 10 in. high; spikelets 1 in. long, 20-30 fld., suberect, otherwise as above.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=C. gracilinux= _C. B. Clarke._
Glabrous herb; stems 2 ft. high, 3-angled at top; stolons numerous. Leaves up to 16 in. long. Umbel compound, 6-12 in. diam.; bracts overtopping umbel. Spikes loose with 5-11 spikelets, which are ⅔ in. long, compressed, 10-16 fld., whitish; wings of rhachilla elliptic- lanceolate; glumes subobtuse, close; nut 3/5 length of glume.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=C. maculatus= _Boeck._ SEID—Arab.
Glabrous herb; stems 12-20 in. long, 3-angled at top, bulbous at base. Leaves nearly length of stem. Umbel compound, of 5-11 spikelets, which are ½ in. long, compressed, 20 fld., straw-coloured, usually purple- spotted; rhachilla wings narrow; glumes obtuse, close; styles shorter than nut, branches exserted.
Nubia; Berber Prov. (Mograt Island near Abu Hamad); Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Khor Attar).
=C. rotundus= _Linn._
Glabrous herb; stems 8-24 in. long, bulbous at base, 3-angled at top. Leaves ⅔ length of stem. Umbel simple or compound, 1-8 in. diam.; rays long or short; bracts 3-4, overtopping umbel. Spikes loose; spikelets red-brown, ⅔ in. long and 8-30 fld., or 2 in. long and 50-60 fld.; rhachilla wings joining the pointed, closely placed glumes; style shorter than nut, branches long; nut ½ length of glume, dark brown.
Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Wadi El Omari, Wadi El Arab); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Berber Prov. (Ben Naga, between Berber & Khartoum); Khartoum Prov. (North); Banks of the Blue Nile (Bunzaga); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid, Abu Haraza); White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
Used in certain dye preparations to impart perfume to the fabric. The rhizomes yield an essential oil which is used as a perfume. The fresh roots are diaphoretic and astringent; they are used for indigestion in children and in fevers.
=var. spadiceus= _Boeck._
Stem usually tall, scabrous at top. Spikelets strongly compressed, sometimes darker brown, shining.
Kordofan Prov.
=C. nuerensis= _Boeck._
Glabrous herb; stolons hardening into rhizome, 8 in. long; stems 8-20 in. long, 3-angled at top. Leaves ⅔ length of stem, ⅓ in. broad. Umbel compound, 6-8 in. diam. (sometimes reduced to a head); primary rays 3-7; bracts 3-5, 2-6 in. broad; bracts 3-5 overtopping umbel. Spikes loose overtopping umbel. Spikes of 3-5 red-brown to nearly black spikelets, which are 2/5 in. long by 1/12 in., 8-16 fld.; wings of rhachilla ovate- lanceolate; glumes obtuse, reddish-black on sides and 5-nerved, yellow- green on back; otherwise as above sp.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Nuer villages).
=C. Fenzelianus= _Steud._
Tall herb; stolons long, thick. Umbel open. Spikelets pale to dusky straw-coloured; otherwise as _C. rotundus_.
Nubia; Berber Prov. (Zeidab); Between Berber & Khartoum: Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (J. Kuhn).
=C. radiatus= _Vahl._
Glabrous herb; rhizome 0; lateral shoots at base of stem; stem 6-24 in. long. Leaves ⅔ length of stem. Umbel up to 6-10 in. diam., but often contracted, sometimes into 1 dense head; bracts overtopping infl. Spikes digitate, 1 in. by ab. ½ in., almost sessile; spikelets 1/5-2/5 in. long, narrow, 10-36 fld., compressed, pale to brownish; wings of rhachilla oblong, persistent; glumes apiculate tightly imbricate; sta. 3; nut ½ length of glume; style ½ length of nut, branches short.
Nubia; Dongola; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Wau River; Bongo: Addai).
=C. exaltatus= _Retz._
Stems up to 3-4 ft. high. Some spikes peduncled; spikelets larger, less crowded and more yellowish or reddish, but otherwise as above.
Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Harun; Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Sagattur); Upper White Nile Prov. (Tonga Island); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba).
=var. dives= _C. B. Clarke._
Umbel rigid. Spikes rigid, dense; ripe spikelets divaricate or reflexed, hard, often shining and yellowish.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).
=C. Pethericki= _C. B. Clarke._
Very tall, stout herb. Umbel large, compound with large cylindric spikes; lowest bract very long, ⅔ in. broad. Spikelets nearly ½ in. long, 36 fld., pale yellowish-brown; glumes thin; otherwise as _C. exaltatus_.
Mongalla Prov. (Gigging, Mongalla & 7° 25′ N.L.).
=C. digitatus= _Roxb._
Glabrous herb; stem 2-6 ft. high, 3-angled at top. Leaves ⅔ length of stem. Umbel compound, 8-24 in. diam.; lowest bract longer than umbel. Spike 2 by 1 in.; spikelets many, at right angles to spike, ab. ½ in. long, narrow, 20 fld., yellowish-brown; wings of rhachilla caducous, lanceolate, yellow; glumes scarcely mucronate, yellow and brown; sta. 3.; nut ½ length of glume, black; style shorter than nut. Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
=C. auricomus= _Sieber._
Stem at top almost 3-winged; umbel not very large; otherwise as above.
Blue Nile Prov. (Khor Agalin at Doleib); Kordofan Prov. (Birket Kolli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ghaba Shambé; Bongo: Addai); Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa).
=var. minor= _C. B. Clarke._
Slender; umbels small; spikelets slender, red-brown.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).
=C. Papyrus= _Linn._ =var. Antiquorum= _C. B. Clarke._ BURDI, DIS & BABIRUSA—Arab; BODUMOH—Zande; YELL—Nuer. The Papyrus Plant.
Plant up to 15 ft. high; rhizome woody; stems smooth with basal sheaths only. Leaves up to 1 in. by ⅓ in. on barren shoots. Umbels compound, up to 3 ft. diam.; primary rays up 30, up to 1 ft. long; bracts up to 7 in. long, reddish. Spikelets numerous sessile, ovate, ¼-⅓ in. long, compressed; bracts of secondary umbel 3, green, up to 2½ in. long. Spikes ab. 1 in. by ½ in. with 12-30 spreading spikelets; spikelets ⅓ long, brown; glumes ovate-oblong with a green median line; rhachilla wings yellow deciduous late; sta. 3; style length of nut; branches rather short; nut ½-3/5 length of glume, black.
White Nile and affluents; Bahr El Ghazal and affluents.
The slices of the stem, pressed together, were used by the ancient Egyptians as a writing material. Attempts have been made of recent years to utilise the plant for paper making and for fuel.
=C. cephalotes= _Vahl._
Stolons slender; stem 6-10 in. long, 3-angled. Leaves longer or shorter than stem. Head globose, ½ diam.; bracts 3-4; spikelets numerous, sessile, ovate, ¼-⅓ in. long, compressed, 20-30 fld.; rhachilla not winged; glumes cuspidate, imbricate, red-brown; sta. 2-3; nut oblong, narrowed into a long beak, style jointed on beak of nut, slender, entire or 2-3 toothed.
Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).
828 =Mariscus[6] coloratus= _Nees._ =var. macrocephala= _C. B. Clarke._
Glabrous herb; stolons 0; stems 6-14 in. long, 3-angled at top, thickened at base by brownish leaf sheaths. Leaves up to length of stem, weak. Spikes 5-6, large, in one head; bracts 3-4, spreading, lowest 3-7 in. long; spikelets ovate or lanc., acute, 2-6 fld., straw-coloured; glumes subacute, 13-15 ribbed, margins running into the elliptic wings of rhachilla; style shorter than nut, branches longish; nut ½ length of glume, black; sta. 2-3.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Makporru Hill); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=M. djurensis= _C. B. Clarke._
Glabrous herb; stolons numerous, 1-2 in. long, red-scaly; stems approximate, 4-12 in. long, slender, 3-angled at top. Leaves up to length of stem, weak. Head 1, ovoid, ⅓ in. diam., whitish; bracts 4, up to 6 in. long. Spikelets 1/5 in. long, 2-6 fld.; glumes distant, ovate, 11-13 ribbed, with small red glands; nut ½-2/5 length of glume, black; style ab. same length.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas; Mongalla Prov. (Bor).
=M. macropus= _C. B. Clarke._
Glabrous herb; stems 10-20 in. long, 3-angled at top, much thickened at base by fibrous remnants of sheaths, tufted. Leaves ½-⅔ length of stems, long-bristly at tips. Head 1, ovoid, ½ in. diam., dirty-white; bracts 3, lowest 1-2 in. long. Spikelets 1/5 in. long, 8-10 fld., producing 6-8 nuts; glumes obscurely 7-11 ribbed; nut ½-⅔ length of glume; style same length.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba & Jur Ghattas).
=M. leptophyllus= _C. B. Clarke._
Glabrous herb; stems approximate, thickened at base by withering leaf- sheaths, 3-angled at top. Leaves ⅔ length of stem, weak. Infl. umbellate; rays 2-3, ¼-1½ in. long, each with 1-3 spikes; bracts 4, up to 6 in. long. Spikelets ⅓ in. long, white to brown, ripening 6-8 nuts; glumes obtuse, 7-ribbed, distant; nut ½-⅔ length of glume, brown; style shorter, branches exserted.
Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib).
=M. mollipes= _C. B. Clarke._
Glabrous herb; stems thickened at base by fibrous torn leaf-sheaths, 3-angled at top, 4-6 in. long. Leaves ⅔ length of stem. Head of 1 spike, ovoid, pale straw-coloured; bracts 3-4, lowest up to 3 in. long. Spikelets ⅛ in. long, ripening 1 nut only; glumes ovate, acuminate, obscurely 5-7 ribbed; nut line.-obl., ½ length of glume, black; style shorter; branches long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Mayob).
=M. Sieberianus= _Nees._
Glabrous herb; stems 12-30 in. long, 3-angled at top, thickened at base by green to red leaf-sheaths, approximate. Leaves up to ⅔ length of stem. Umbel simple, 1-5 in. diam.; rays 5-12 up to 4 in. long; bracts 5-10, lowest up to 8 in. long. Spikes solitary, ab. 1 in. by ¼ in., cylindric; bracts to spike 0; spikelets numerous, spreading or deflexed below, lin.-lanc., bearing 1 or 2 nuts; lowest flower-glume twice as long as upper empty glume, ovate-ob., obtuse, 7-11 ribbed; style ½ length of nut; branches length of nut; nut ⅔ length of glume.
Mongalla Prov. (Lado District & Bor).
=M. umbellatus= _Vahl._
Some of rays of umbel many times longer than spikes, which are ½ by ⅙ in.; spikelets small, denser and more rigid than in above sp. and in fruit all strongly deflexed; nut almost ellipsoid; otherwise as above.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
The rhizomes are edible.
=M. sublimis= _C. B. Clarke._
Umbel simple; rays 7-10, up to 2½ in. long. Spikes up to ¾ by ¼ in., dense, pale grey; ripe spikelets appressed, obliquely erect. Nut 1 only per spikelet, ellipsoid; otherwise as _M. Sieberianus_.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=M. macrocarpus= _Kunth._
Spikes ovoid, ab. ½ in. wide, subsessile or shortly peduncled. Ripe spikelets with 2-3 nuts; lowest empty glume mucronate. Nut ¾ length of glume, broadly oblong; otherwise as large forms of _M. Sieberianus_.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
(_ii_) _Empty glumes at base of spikelet 0-2; fertile glumes usually numerous, spirally arranged with few exceptions (nearly distichous in some spp. of Fimbristylis); hypogynous scales or bristles 0-7; infl. umbellate or capitate; fl. hermaphrodite; stem naked (except Fuirena)._
829 =Eleocharis fistulosa= _Schultes._
Glabrous herb; stolons long; stems 1-3 ft. long, sharply 3-angled at top, leafless. Infl. of 1 terminal spikelet, 1-1¼ by 1/6-1/5 in., straw- coloured to brown; fertile glumes numerous, obovate, obtuse; sta. 1-3; hypogynous bristles 6, as long as nut, retrorse, rusty-red; style 2-3-fid, base enlarged, distinct from nut which is ½ length of glume, straw-coloured, marked like a grill (_cancellate_).
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=E. atropurpurea= _Kunth._
Leafless glabrous annual; stems tufted, 2-6 in. long, slender. Spikelet 1, ovoid, ⅛-¼ in. long, many-fld., greenish-red; glumes obtuse, caducous; hypog. bristles 7, white, ½-¾ length of nut, retrorse, sometimes short or reduced to a minute cup; style branches 2, ½-⅔ length of glume, black.
White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).
=E. chætaria= _Roem._ & _Schultes._
Glabrous leafless herb; stems tufted 1-6 in. long. Spikelets 1-2, ⅛-⅙ in. long, ovoid, pallid or reddish, maturing 1-5 nuts; hypog. bristles 6, retrorse, length of nut, sometimes fewer; sta. 2-3; styles 3-fid; nut obovoid white, cancellate.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=E. complanata= _C. B. Clarke._
Glabrous leafless annual; stems tufted, 6-9 in. long, flattened. Spikelet ab. ⅙ in. long, cylindric, green marked with red, densely fld.; glumes obtuse; hypog. bristles 0; style 3-fid; nut ½ length of glume, white; style base bulbous, small.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).
=E. microcarpa= _Torrey._
Glabrous leafless annual; stems tufted, 4-8 in. long.—Spikelet ⅙-¼ in. long, 10-20 fld., pale brown-green; glumes obtuse; hypog. bristles 3-5, ⅓-⅔ length of nut, retrorse, white; style 3-fid; nut hardly ½ length of glume, brownish.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
830 =Fimbristylis squarrosa= _Vahl._
Annual; stems tufted, 2-7 in. long. Leaves ½-¾ length of stem. Umbel usually compound, sometimes reduced to 2 spikelets to a stem; bracts 3-4 ab. as long as umbel; spikelets solitary up to ¼ by 1/12 in.; fl. dense, straw-coloured; glumes 3-5 nerved ending in recurved bristle; sta. usually 2, style 2-fid, hairy below bifurcation and round base of style; hypog. bristles 0 in this genus; nut ½ length of glume, biconvex.
White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Majob & Wau).
=F. dichotoma= _Vahl._
Pubescent or puberulous annual; stems tufted, 2-10 in. long. Leaves length of stem. Umbel compound; bracts 3-4 as long as umbel. Spikelets many, solitary, ¼ in. long, obscurely polygonal; fertile glumes in many spirals, rust-coloured, ovate acute, greenish or yellowish keeled; style 2-fid, flattened, pubescent on margins; nut ⅓ length of glume, biconvex, 5-9 ribbed, white.
Nubia; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov. (Shendi); Khartoum Prov. (Tuti Island); Fung Prov. (Abdin); White Nile Prov. (Geteina).
=F. diphylla= _Vahl._
Annual, glabrous to pubescent; stems tufted, 4-28 in. long. Leaves ⅓-⅔ length of stem. Umbel compound of usually many spikelets; bracts 3-4, shorter than umbel. Spikelets solitary, ¼-½ in. long, terete, straw- coloured, rusty brown, or variegated; fertile glumes hardly keeled, often ciliate; style 2-fid, dilated at base, flattened, villous on margins; nut ⅓ length of glume, biconvex, whitish.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Jur Aweit; Bongo-land: Addai); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=F. ferruginea= _Vahl._
Herb, frequently biennial; stems tufted, 8-28 in. long. Leaves from ⅓ length of stem to almost absent, hairy or glabrous. Umbel simple or slightly compound, of usually 5-10 spikelets; bracts shorter than umbel. Spikelets solitary, 2/5 in. long, ovoid oblong, dense, rust-coloured, more or less variegated with red-brown or green; glumes ovate, upper part of back grey-puberulous. Style 2-fid, longer than nut, flattened; nut ½ length of glume, biconvex, pale yellow to brown.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=F. exilis= _Roem._ & _Schultes._
Hairy annual; stems tufted, 4-16 in. long. Leaves ⅓-½ length of stem. Umbel of 3-14 pedicelled spikelets; bracts 3-4, as long as umbel. Spikelets ¼-⅓ in. long, 10-12 fld., pale rusty and chestnut; glumes ovate, acute, pubescent, keeled and mucronate; sta. 2-3; style slightly shorter than nut, 3-fid, base dilated with a constriction; nut ab. ½ length of glume, 3-angled, transversely wrinkled, white to pale brown.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé, Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=F. cioniana= _P. Savi._
Umbel of 10-25 spikelets, rather dense. Spikelets 1/8-1/5 in. long, pale-rusty; points of glumes rather long; nut small, yellowish, with transverse lines; otherwise as above.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=F. Schweinfurthiana= _Boeck._
Glabrous herb; stems tufted, 8-12 in. long: basal sheaths brown, fringed. Leaf of uppermost sheath ½ length of stem. Umbel of 2-9 spikelets, subcompound; bracts 2-3, ½ in. long. Spikelets 1/5 by ⅛ in., dull brown; glumes obtuse; style shorter than nut, deciduous with pyramidal base, branches 3, long; nut less than ½ length of glume, smooth, brown.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=F. subaphylla= _Boeck._
Glabrous herb; rhizome short; stems approximate, 12-16 in. long, 4-angled at top. Leaves ½-2 in. long. Umbel 2-4 in. diam., of 30-60 spikelets; bracts 2-3, under 1 in.; spikelets ⅓ by 1/12 in., 5-14 fld., light brown; style longer than nut, deciduous with style base, 3-fid; nut ab. ⅓ length of glume, obovoid, smooth or warted, white or yellowish.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main river).
=F. monostachya= _Vahl._
Glabrous herb; stems tufted, 2-16 in. long. Leaves ½ length of stem. Spikelet usually 1 (1-3) on each stem, ½ by 1/5 in. and few-flowered or larger and many-fld., greenish-white or yellowish; glumes ovate, keeled, mucronate, lower distichous, upper spiral; style longer than nut, hairy deciduous with base, 3-fid; nut less than ½ length of glume, pyriform, straw-coloured or pale brown, tubercled.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nganye).
=F. falcifolia= _Boeck._
Pale green, glabrous herb; stems tufted, 4-6 in. long, 5-angled compressed. Leaves few, 2-3 in. long, falcate, margins serrulate, sheaths short. Umbel subcompound, 5-7 rayed; bracts 3-4, ab. ½ length of umbel; rays capillary, up to 1 in. long, with 2-3 branches. Spikelets obl.-lanc., 10-13 fld., ¼ in. long; glumes rigid, appressed, broad ovate, shortly mucronate; nut under ½ length of glume, pale straw- coloured.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).
831 =Bulbostylis sphærocarpus= _C. B. Clarke._
Tufted annual; stem 2-5 in. long, glabrous, with 1 spikelet. Leaves ¾ length of stem, capillary minutely hairy, sheaths somewhat bearded in mouth. Bract ½ in. long, setaceous; spikelet ¼ by 1/14 in., bearing a few nuts at base, male above; fertile glumes ovate, acuminate, rust- coloured, scabrous-hairy; hypog. bristles, none in this genus; sta. 2-3; style 3-fid, nearly as long as nut, base persistent on nut, black; nut less than ½ length of glume, obovoid, transverse-wavy, straw-coloured.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).
=B. filamentosa= _Kunth._
Tufted herb; stems 8-20 in. long, 3-angled and hairy at top. Leaves ⅔ length of stem, setaceous; sheaths hairy, with long white hairs in the throat. Head 1, 1/3-2/5 in. diam., of 6-14 bright brown spikelets; bracts 2-3, lowest overtopping the head. Spikelets 1/6 by 1/12 in., to 6-10 fld.; glumes ovate, pubescent; sta. 3; style 3-fid, base persistent, ovoid, slightly darker than nut; nut 2/5 length of glume, acutely 3-angled, pallid, with obscure transverse lines.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=B. pusilla= _C. B. Clarke._
Tufted annual; stems 1-5 in. long with 1-9 spikelets, glabrous. Leaves ½ length of stems, setaceous. Spikelets in simple or compound lax umbel, all solitary or some clustered 2-3 together; bracts short, setaceous; spikelets ab. ⅛ by ½ in., but sometimes up ¼ in. broad, ab. 12 fld.; glumes ovate; sta. 2; style 3-fid, length of nut, base persistent; nut ⅔ length of glume, broadly obovoid, black with 2 transverse wavy lines.
Kordofan Prov. (El Abiad).
=B. abortiva= _C. B. Clarke._
Densely tufted herb; stems 6-24 in. long, very slender, glabrous. Leaves ½ length of stem, filiform; sheath with few white hairs at throat. Umbel up to 4-6 in. diam., compound; bracts much shorter than umbel, setaceous. Spikelets numerous, pedicelled; otherwise as above.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=B. coleotricha= _C. B. Clarke._
Stems densely tufted, 4-16 in. long, very slender, minutely hairy at top. Leaves ½ length of stem, setaceous; sheaths with long white hairs in throat. Umbel usually simple or compound, 2 in. diam., of numerous solitary spikelets (rarely 1-3 spikelets only); bracts setaceous, often overtopping umbel. Spikelets ovoid, ¼ in. long, brown; glumes ovate, obtuse, keel green; style 3-fid, as long as nut, base persistent as a small, dark button; nut ½ length of glume, pale brown, smooth, appearing dotted.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
832 =Scirpus cubensis= _Poeppig_ & _Kunth._
Glabrous, except glumes; stolons present or stem decumbent and rooting; stem 1-2 ft. long, stout 3-angled at top, nodeless. Leaves ab. as long as stem, 1/5 in. broad. Umbel simple; heads 1-12, stellate-globose, ½ in. diam., on ped. ½-2½ in. long; bracts up to 5-10, up to 1 ft. long. Spikelets numerous in head, ⅙-⅓ in. long, many fld.; glumes ovate, acute, rigid, margins ciliate; hypog. bristles 0; sta. 1-3; style linear, confluent into ovary, 2-fid; nut ⅔ length of glume, narrowly obovoid, corky at base, smooth, beaked.
Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Main river).
=S. supinus= _Linn._
Glabrous annual; stems tufted; nodeless, 2-12 in. long, terete. Leaves usually under 1 in. long. Head 1; lowest bract continuing the stem; 1-6 in. long. Spikelets 1-7 in the head, 1/5-½ in. long, ellipsoid, dusky green; glumes ovate, acute, entire at tip; hypog. bristles 0; style linear, usually 3-fid; nut obovoid, black with transverse wavy lines.
Darfur Prov.
=S. articulatus= _Linn._
Glabrous annual; stems tufted, 2-12 in. long, when dry showing transverse false septa. Leaves 0. Head 1, globose, apparently lateral owing to lowest bract (terete as the stem) continuing the latter, and up to 2 ft. long. Spikelets ¼-¾ in. long, cylindric, green or mottled- purple and brown; glumes ovate, incurved, tip entire; hypog. bristles 0; style linear, 3-fid; nut ab. ½ length of glume, brown, smooth or transversely wavy.
Blue Nile Prov. (Ganeib Assad); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Garad); White Nile Prov. (Kosti); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba; Bongo: Gir & Atuoli).
=S. corymbosus= _Roth._
Glabrous herb; rhizome 2-4 in. long; stems 3 ft. long, stout, terete. Leaves 0. Umbel apparently lateral, the lower bract 1-4 in. long continuing the stem. Spikelets clustered, ¼-⅓ in. long, ellipsoid, dusky brown; glumes ovate, mucronate, glabrous; hypog. bristles 0; style linear, 3-fid; nut 2/5 length of glume, 3-angled, black, smooth, slightly wavy.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Mid Robo 8,700 ft.).
=S. maritimus= _Linn._
Glabrous herb; stolons becoming rhizomes; stems 1-3 ft. long, stout, 3-angled. Leaves as long as stem, ¼-⅓ in. broad. Umbel compound or simple or reduced to a head of 1-3 spikelets, rarely over 4-6 in. diam.; bracts several, lowest up to 8 in. long. Spikelets 30-40 to the umbel, oblong, ½-1 in. long, dark brown, often clustered; glumes ovate emarginate and mucronate, hairy at tip; hypog. bristles 3-6, usually shorter than nut; style long, branches 2-3, long; nut variable in size, 3-angled, obovoid, black, smooth or reticulate.
Berber Prov. (Shendi).
=S. kyllingioides= _Boeck._
Glabrous perennial; stems rarely over 6 in. long, slender, nodeless. Leaves ½ length of stem. Head 1, subglobose, ab. ⅙ in. diam., green or pale brown with glume points prominent on all sides; bracts 3-4, spreading, longer than head. Glumes ovate, contracted into a linear obtuse end; hypog. bristles 0; style shorter than nut; branches 3, long; nut ⅓ length of glume, smooth, black-brown.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River); Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=S. squarrosus= _Linn._
Small glabrous, tufted annual; stems 2-8 in. high, nodeless. Leaves ⅓ length of stem. Head of 1-6 (rarely 10) squarrose spikelets; bracts 3-5, 1-4 in. long. Spikelets ⅛-¼ in. long, many-fld., greenish or brownish; glumes caducous in fruit, narrowly obovate, narrowed into a mucro not longer than glume; hypog. bristles 0; style hardly any, branches 3 short, recurved; nut ⅔ length of glume, obovoid, 3-angled, smooth; sta. 1, or rarely 2.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=S. Isolepis= _Boeck._
Glabrous annual; stems tufted, 1-10 in. long, setaceous. Leaves ¼-1½ in. long, setaceous. Spikelet 1 to a stem, ⅛-⅙ in. long, ovoid, not squarrose, nut-coloured, apparently lateral owing to ¼-1 in. long bract continuing the stem; glumes obovate, triangular at top, caducous in fruit; hypog. bristles 0, but a very thin scale is sometimes present; sta. 1-2; style hardly any, branches 2, short, recurved; nut length of glume, black, smooth.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).
833 =Fuirena pubescens= _Kunth._
Hairy herb; rhizome long; stems often solitary, 4-16 in. long, 3-angled, nodose. Leaves 6 in. long, base with a prominent ligule, lowest bract as highest leaf. Infl. a panicle 10 by 2 in., with remote peduncles, or reduced to 1-2 few-fld. corymbose clusters. Spikelets ovoid, ¼-⅓ in. long; glumes broad-elliptic, obtuse, hairy on back, blackish-green, ending in a bristle ⅓-½ length of glume; hypog. bristles 0 or rudimentary; style 3-fid; nut less than ½ length of glume, white.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main river near Nuer villages).
=F. glomerata= _Lam._
Hairy annual; stems 4-16 in. long. Leaves 4-6 in. long. Panicle oblong of a few clusters. Spikelets ⅓-½ by ⅛-⅙ in.; glumes dark green to dull brown, keel continued in a long bristle; hypog. bristles 3 or 6, outer linear or 0, 3 inner as long as nut, broad, quadrate, toothed, clawed, falling with the nut; nut ½ length of glume, pallid, acuminate both ends, beak narrow; style 3-fid.
Mongalla Prov. (Bor).
=F. leptostachya= _Oliv._
Annual. Leaves 4-8 in. long. Spikelets ¼-⅓ by 1/16-1/10 in.; 3 interior hypog. bristles as long as nut, lamina small, oval, or with 2 recurved teeth.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas; Bongo: Gir); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
=F. umbellata= _Rottb._
Hairy or only the glumes; rhizome stout; stems 1½-5 ft. long, nodose. Leaves up to 6 by ½ in. Pan. long, oblong often with many axillary compound corymbs and 200-600 spikelets. Spikelets ¼-⅓ by ⅛-⅙ green or dull chestnut-coloured. Glume elliptic, keel produced into a curved bristle; hypog. bristles: 3 outer small or absent, 3 inner as long as nut, obovate, hardly clawed; style 3-fid, linear; nut ½ length of glume, acuminate at both ends, pallid to brown, beak small, narrow.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas; Niamniam-land: Yubbo River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
834 =Lipocarpha argentea= _R. Br._
Glabrous herb; rhizome up to 1½ in.; stems tufted, 4-24 in. long, nodeless. Leaves ⅓ to full length of stem. Head 1; bracts 2-3, horizontal, lowest 1-4 in. long. Spikelets 3-10, ¼-½ in. long, ovoid or cylindric; glumes dense in numerous spirals, obovate, obtuse, incurved in fruit; hypog. scales (not bristles) shorter than glume; sta. 2; style ⅔ length of nut, branches 2-3 short; nut ½ length of scale, brown-black, smooth.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Meshra El Rek); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=L. Prieuriana= _Steud._
Glabrous herb; stems tufted, 4-16 in. long, 3-angled. Leaves ¼-½ length of stem. Spikelets 3-18 to a head, ⅓ by ⅛ in., cylindric, dense, smooth, reddish to purple; bracts 3-7, spreading, up to 4 in. long; glumes broadly obovate, obtuse; hypog. hyaline scales 2, lower suborbicular, 5-nerved; nut obovoid-globose; style branches 3, almost sessile.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
835 =Ascolepis protea= _Welw._ =var.= β. =bellidiflora= _Welw._
Glabrous herb; stems 4-15 in. long, nodeless. Leaves ½ length of stem. Head 1 of 1-6 spikelets, straw-coloured, ¼-¾ in. diam., hemispheric or subglobose; bracts 3-4, 1-2½ in. long. Glumes lin.-lanc., hyaline scale (_squamella_) solitary, up to ⅓-½ in. long or more; protruding beyond glume; sta. 1; style ½ length of nut, 2-3-fid; nut minute, dark brown.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=A. capensis= _Benth._
Glabrous herb; stems tufted, 8-20 in. long. Leaves ½-¾ length of stem, narrow. Head of 1-3 spikelets, fused or nearly distinct, whitish; bracts 3, lowest 1-4 in. long, spreading. Spikelets ⅓-½ in. long, ovoid, dense; glumes oblong, shorter than the solitary squamella, which is flattened and shaped as a watch-pocket with a beak to the front up to ⅙ in. long. Style 2-fid, hardly exserted from the pocket; nut sessile, black, compressed.
Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Jur Aweit); Bahr El Jebel.
(_iii_) _Empty glumes at base of spikelet 3; fertile glume 1; hypogynous bristles 6; inflorescence panicled; fertile fl. bisexual._
836 =Rhynchospora aurea= _Vahl._
Nearly glabrous herb; stem nodose, 3-6 ft. long. Leaves 1-2 ft. by ½ in. Panicle up to 16 in. long with lower axillary distant corymbs 2-5 in. diam., bearing 100-200 spikelets. Spikelets usually in clusters of 3-10; hypog. bristles 6, barbed upwards; style subentire or obscurely 2-fid, base dilated; nut ½ length of glume, notched each side, beak as long as nut.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
(_iv_) _Flowers unisexual; spikelets with 1 fem. flower only; infl. panicled or capitate; hypog. bristles 0 to many._
837 =Scleria pergracilis= _Kunth._
Almost glabrous annual; stems tufted, 1-2 ft. long, nodose, slender. Leaves 4-12 in. long, narrow. Spikelets many, bearing both male and fem. fl. in clusters of 2-5, ⅛-⅙ in. long, sessile, on a spike 2-5 in. long; bracts to the clusters ovate, acute, ab. length of clusters, 2-sexual (monœcious) spikelet of ab. 7 glumes, 2 lowest empty, the third carrying the nut, ⅛-⅙ in. long, elliptic-oblong, dark brown; upper glumes male or empty; also many spikelets similar to foregoing, without fem. fl.; sta. 1-3; anthers crested; style linear 3-fid, not dilated at base; nut minute, white; hypog. bristles 0.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=S. melanotricha= _A. Rich._
Hairy annual; stems 4-24 in. long, slender. Leaves ½-⅔ length of stem. Spike 2-7 in. long, ciliate, with long rusty-black or white hairs, with cluster of 3-12 spikelets, ¼-⅓ in. diam., sessile, pendent; bracts inconspicuous. Spikelets 1/5 in. long, black-red or pallid; nut 1/16 in. long, straw-coloured; otherwise much as above.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gir).
=S. Buchanani= _Boeck._
Sparsely hairy perennial; stems 12-20 in. long, base bulbous. Leaves 4-12 in. long. Spike subsimple, 3-6 in. long; lower bracts often longer than the clusters of 4-10 spikelets, which are suberect in fruit and 1/5 in. long; nut minute, white, smooth.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).
=S. Schweinfurthiana= _Boeck._
Thinly hairy perennial; stems 1-2 ft. long, not bulbous. Leaves 4-12 in. long. Spike subsimple with 10-14 clusters of often 10-12 spikelets on a rhachis 4-8 in. long; spikelets ¼ in. long, ellipsoid-oblong, chestnut- coloured; nut white, tubercled on shoulders, minute.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=S. glandiformis= _Boeck._
Herb, nearly glabrous except ligule; stems 16-24 in. long. Leaves up to 1 ft. long. Panicle with lower peduncle remote, nearly included in sheath of the bract, carrying oblong inflorescences with 6-12 nuts, whence bracts ½-1½ in. long diverge; monœcious spikes none, or very few. Spikelets nearly ¼ in. long, straw-coloured, marked with brown; nut ⅙ in. long, cylindric, tessellated, stalked, with short pallid 3- (ovate) lobed straw-coloured hypog. disk, hardly longer than the stalks of the nut.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=S. globonux= _C. B. Clarke._
Leaves with spreading hairs or glabrate. Nut large, globose, tessellate, minutely hairy on edge of reticulations; hypog. disc 3-lobed, lobes subquadrate; otherwise as above.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
=S. complanata= _Boeck._
Annual; stems 3 ft. long, minutely rusty retrorse scabrous. Leaves 4-12 in. long. Lowest axillary ped. hardly exserted from sheath; ped. carrying 1-4 fem. fl.; nut-bearing spikelets ab. ¼ in. long, pale green or reddish; spikelet bract as long as it; nut small, subglobose, tessellated, pallid; hypog. disc short funnel-shaped with 3 thin straw- coloured ovate lobes.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=S. Schimperiana= _Boeck._ =var. hypoxis= _C. B. Clarke._
Slightly hairy herb; stems 16 in. long. Leaves 12 in. long, ¼ in. or more broad, very obtuse at tip. Lowest axillary ped. exserted 1-2 in., carrying 3-5 nuts. Fem. spikelets ¼ in. long, chestnut-brown; nut large, depressed globose, smooth, white; hypog. disc with 3 small oblong, pallid lobes.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).
=S. canaliculato-triquetra= _Boeck._
Robust herb; stem 3-5 ft. long. Leaves 8-12 by ¼-⅓ in. Lowest axillary peduncle remote, often exserted 3-6 in., carrying up to 20-50 spikelets. Nut ⅛ in. long, ovoid, white, smooth; 3 lobes of disc small, tipped with minute tails.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=S. gracillima= _Boeck._
Very slender, glabrous herb; stems 16-24 in. long, almost capillary, each bearing 2-3 nuts. Leaves 4-8 in. long, narrow. Pan. very slender, with few branches; lowest ped. remote, exserted ½-1½ in., nodding, with 1 nut. Spikelets all 1-sexual, the fem. scarcer, 1/6-1/5 in. long; nut minute, globose, smooth, white; lobes of disc 3, short, rounded.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).
=S. melanomphala= _Kunth._
Robust, glabrate to hairy herb; rhizome creeping; stems 2-3 ft. long, scabrous to smooth, 3-angled. Leaves up to 24 by ⅓ in., scabrous on margins. Infl. straggling 1-2 ft., compound, partial panicles dense oblong to linear. Spikelets 1-sexual, ¼-⅓ in. long, green or mottled with brown; nut ⅛ in. long, ovoid, smooth, white or with black tip; disc obpyramidal, large, ruddy black, margin triangular yellow; lobes 0.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Hoo, Buddu); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=S. racemosa= _Poir._
Robust, glabrous herb; rhizome thick scaly; stems 3-6 ft. long. Leaves 1-2 ft. by ½-1¼ in. 3-nerved, scabrous on margins, near top suddenly narrowed; sheaths 3-winged; ligule ovate 3-angular, up to ¼ in. long. Infl. up to 1 ft. long; partial panicles 2-3 in. long on stout axillary peduncles, forming a terminal compound panicle. Spikelets 1-sexual, 1/5 in. long, pallid or dark; fem. glumes ovate, shorter than nut; nut ¼-⅙ in. long, ovoid, white or coloured; disc thickened, the lobes forming a cup with densely ciliate margin, holding the base of the nut.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
838 =Diplacrum africanum= _C. B. Clarke._
Weak, nearly glabrous annual; stems tufted, 2-5 in. long, leafy. Leaves 1-1½ in. by 1/8-1/5 in., tip suddenly acuminate. Infl. of minute axillary heads often all up the stem. Spikelets ab. 1/10 in. long, ovate-lanc., greenish, all 1-sexual; nut minute, subglobose, white, striate.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
839 =Eriospora schweinfurthiana= _C. B. Clarke._
Glabrous perennial; stems tufted, 2 ft. high, bearing leaves all the way up. Leaves 4-16 by ¼ in.; sheaths stout, straw-coloured, imbricate, striate, split as in grasses with a ring of short hairs in the mouth. Pan. 8-14 in. long with several peduncles, 3-6 in. long, from each sheath, often carrying narrow panicles. Spikelets ⅓ in. long, 2-3-fid, dusky straw-coloured; bracts ovate, acuminate; glumes ovate; hypog. hairs numerous, fine; sta. 1-3; nut from an ovoid base tapering into a beak, altogether ab. 1/5 in. long; style short, branches 3, longer.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Baginze mountain).
=GRAMINEÆ.=
A KEY TO THE GENERA OF GRASSES.
Adapted from O. Stapf. in _Flora of Tropical Africa_, vol. ix.
Subfamily I. PANICOIDEÆ.
Mature spikelets falling entire from their pedicels, or with them; perfect spikelets with two heteromorphous flowers, the upper perfect, the lower male or barren.
Tribe I. MAYDEÆ. Sexes in different inflorescences, male spikelets in large terminal panicles, female spikelets in “cobs” in the axils of the lower leaves.
Only genus.
840 =Zea=
Tribe II. ANDROPOGONEÆ.
Spikelets in pairs, usually one sessile, the other stalked, very rarely both stalked. Glumes more or less rigid, and firmer than the valves, the lower always larger than the florets. Valves membranous, often transparent, that of the upper floret awned or reduced to an awn, or blunt.
A. Joints and pedicels more or less stout, three cornered or rounded.