Chapter 18
Again, if the World is destroyed, it must needs either be destroyed according to Nature or against Nature. Against Nature is impossible, for that which is against nature is not stronger than Nature.[222:1] If according to Nature, there must be another Nature which changes the Nature of the World: which does not appear.
Again, anything that is naturally destructible we can ourselves destroy. But no one has ever destroyed or altered the round body of the World. And the elements, though they can be changed, cannot be destroyed. Again, everything destructible is changed by time and grows old. But the world through all these years has remained utterly unchanged.
Having said so much for the help of those who feel the need of very strong demonstrations, I pray the World himself to be gracious to me.
XVIII. _Why there are rejections of God, and that God is not injured._
Nor need the fact that rejections of God have taken place in certain parts of the earth and will often take place hereafter, disturb the mind of the wise: both because these things do not affect the gods, just as we saw that worship did not benefit them; and because the soul, being of middle essence, cannot be always right; and because the whole world cannot enjoy the providence of the gods equally, but some parts may partake of it eternally, some at certain times, some in the primal manner, some in the secondary. Just as the head enjoys all the senses, but the rest of the body only one.
For this reason, it seems, those who ordained Festivals ordained also Forbidden Days, in which some temples lay idle, some were shut, some had their adornment removed, in expiation of the weakness of our nature.
It is not unlikely, too, that the rejection of God is a kind of punishment: we may well believe that those who knew the gods and neglected them in one life may in another life be deprived of the knowledge of them altogether. Also those who have worshipped their own kings as gods have deserved as their punishment to lose all knowledge of God.
XIX. _Why sinners are not punished at once._
There is no need to be surprised if neither these sins nor yet others bring immediate punishment upon sinners. For it is not only Spirits[223:1] who punish the soul, the Soul brings itself to judgement: and also it is not right for those who endure for ever to attain everything in a short time: and also, there is need of human virtue. If punishment followed instantly upon sin, men would act justly from fear and have no virtue.
Souls are punished when they have gone forth from the body, some wandering among us, some going to hot or cold places of the earth, some harassed by Spirits. Under all circumstances they suffer with the irrational part of their nature, with which they also sinned. For its sake[224:1] there subsist that shadowy body which is seen about graves, especially the graves of evil livers.
XX. _On Transmigration of Souls, and how Souls are said to migrate into brute beasts._
If the transmigration of a soul takes place into a rational being, it simply becomes the soul of that body. But if the soul migrates into a brute beast, it follows the body outside, as a guardian spirit follows a man. For there could never be a rational soul in an irrational being.
The transmigration of souls can be proved from the congenital afflictions of persons. For why are some born blind, others paralytic, others with some sickness in the soul itself? Again, it is the natural duty of Souls to do their work in the body; are we to suppose that when once they leave the body they spend all eternity in idleness?
Again, if the souls did not again enter into bodies, they must either be infinite in number or God must constantly be making new ones. But there is nothing infinite in the world; for in a finite whole there cannot be an infinite part. Neither can others be made; for everything in which something new goes on being created, must be imperfect. And the World, being made by a perfect author, ought naturally to be perfect.
XXI. _That the Good are happy, both living and dead._
Souls that have lived in virtue are in general happy,[224:2] and when separated from the irrational part of their nature, and made clean from all matter, have communion with the gods and join them in the governing of the whole world. Yet even if none of this happiness fell to their lot, virtue itself, and the joy and glory of virtue, and the life that is subject to no grief and no master are enough to make happy those who have set themselves to live according to virtue and have achieved it.
FOOTNOTES:
[200:1] I translate κόσμος generally as 'World', sometimes as 'Cosmos'. It always has the connotation of 'divine order'; ψυχή always 'Soul', to keep it distinct from ζωή, 'physical life', though often 'Life' would be a more natural English equivalent; ἐμψυχοῦν 'to animate'; οὐσία sometimes 'essence', sometimes 'being' (never 'substance' or 'nature'); φύσις 'nature'; σῶμα sometimes 'body', sometimes 'matter'.
[203:1] e. g. when we say 'The sun is coming in through the window', or in Greek ἐξαίφνης ἥκων ἐκ τοῦ ἡλίου, Plat. _Rep._ 516 E. This appears to mean that you can loosely apply the term 'Osiris' both to (i) the real Osiris and (ii) the corn which comes from him, as you can apply the name 'Sun' both to (i) the real orb and (ii) the ray that comes from the orb. However, Julian, _Or._ v, on the Sun suggests a different view--that both the orb and the ray are mere effects and symbols of the true spiritual Sun, as corn is of Osiris.
[204:1] ἄρχεσθαι Mr. L. W. Hunter, ἔρχεσθαι MS. Above the Milky Way there is no such body, only σῶμα ἀπαθές. Cf. Macrob. in _Somn. Scip._ i. 12.
[208:1] i. e. if the Firmament or Fixed Sphere moved in the same direction as the seven Planets, the speed would become too great. On the circular movement cf. Plot. _Eun._ ii. 2.
[209:1] The fire of which the heavenly bodies are made is the πέμπτον σῶμα, matter, but different from earthly matter. See p. 137.
[209:2] Proclus, _Elem. Theol._ xx, calls it ἡ νοερὰ φύσις, _Natura Intellectualis_. There are four degrees of existence: lowest of all, Bodies; above that, Soul; above all Souls, this 'Intellectual Nature'; above that, The One.
[210:1] i. e. in the full sense of Gnôsis.
[211:1] i. e. Astrology, dealing with the 'Celestial Bodies'.
[212:1] Cf. Hdt. i. 134.
[214:1] [This section is a meagre reminiscence of Plato's discussion in _Repub._ viii. The interest in politics and government had died out with the loss of political freedom.]
[216:1] κατὰ δύναμιν, secundum potentiam quandam; i. e. in accordance with some indwelling 'virtue' or quality.
[217:1] The repetition of ἀνθρώπους in this sentence seems to be a mistake.
[218:1] ἐπιτηδειότης.
[219:1] On the mystic letters see above, p. 142.
[222:1] The text here is imperfect: I have followed Mullach's correction.
[223:1] δαίμονες.
[224:1] i. e. that it may continue to exist and satisfy justice.
[224:2] εὐδαιμονοῦσι.
INDEX
Achaioi, 45, 49
Acropolis, 71, 72
Aeschylus, [12:4], 43
Affection, 104, 109
Agesilaus, 86
Agriculture, Religion in, 5 f.
Alexander the Great, 92, 93, 94, 115, 159
Allegory, in Hellenistic philosophy, 165 ff.; in Olympian religion, 74
ἀλληλοφαγία, [98:1]
Alpha and Omega, God as, 148
Anaximander, [33:1]
Angel = Megethos, 142; star, 144
Animal sacrifice, 188 f.
Anthesteria, 16-18, 34
_Anthister_, [18:2]
Anthropomorphism, 10 ff., 140
Antigonus Gonatas, [152:1]
Antiochus I, 144
Anti-semitism, 162
Antisthenes, 87, 89 f., 96
Apathy, [103:1], 109
_Apellôn_ = Apollôn, 51
_Aphiktor_, 28
Aphrodite, 57
Apollo, 50, 72
Apotheosis of Hellenistic kings, [152:1]
Apparitions, primitive belief in, 27
Apuleius, 148
Aquinas, 3
Archontes, 164
Ares, 57
_Aretê_, 89, 96, 99, 104 f.
Aristarchus of Samos, 141
Aristophanes, [20:3], [22:1], [62:1]
Aristotle, 3, 114 f., 117, 120, 127, 136, 153, [154:3]
Ark of Israel, 68
Arnim, von, [129:1], 172
Arnold, Professor E. V., [100:1]
Asceticism in antiquity, 196
Astrology, 143 f., [211:1]
Astronomy, 97
Ἀθάνα (Ἀθήνη), [53:1]
Atheism, 181 f., 190
Athena, [53:1], 71, 72, 74; = Athenaia Korê, 52; Pallas, 52
Athens, effect of defeat of, 79 f.
Atomic Theory of Democritus, 101; of Ionia, 105
Attis, 185
'Attributes', animals as, 20
Augustine, St., 175, 177
Aurelius, Marcus, religion of, 175 f.
Bacchos, 161
Bacon, Professor, 172
'Barbaroi' as opposed to Hellenes, 39; βαρβαρόφωνοι, [42:2]
Bardesanes, [164:1]
Barnabas, St., 161
Beast-mask, 23-5
Bendis, 151
Bethe, E., [150:1]
Bevan, E., xvi, [39:1], [100:1], [154:2], 172
Birth-rate, its effect on early Christian sects, 194
Blessedness, Epicurus on, 106
Body, Fifth, 137
βοῶπις, 24
Bousset, W., xv, 126, [150:3], 162, 172
Buddhism, 10
Bull, blood of, 20; in pre-Hellenic ritual, 19-21
Bury, Professor J. B., xv
Carpenter, Dr. E., 172
Cauer, P., [49:1]
Centaurs, 60
Chadwick, H. M., xv, 46 _n._, [57:3], 59
Chaldaeans, 144, 151
Chance, 131, 147
Charles, Dr., 172
χρᾶν, 37
χρεία, 90
Christianity, 88, 90, 96, 109, 115, 119, 123-5, 173, 181 f., 192-5
Christmas, Father, 15
Christos, 163
Chrysippus, 115, [145:1], [145:3], [145:4], 146, 166
Chthonioi, as oracles, 37
Cicero, [27:2]
Circular movement, [208:1]
_Circumcelliones_, 36 _n._
City of gods and men, world as, 76; of Refuge, in the _Laws_, 83; of Righteousness, in the _Republic_, 83: _see_ Polis
Cleanthes, 135, 141, 165
Clemen, Carl, 172
Coinage, deface of, 90
'Collective Desire', God defined as the, 26, 29
Colotes, [111:1]
_Comitatus_, 46
Commagene, 144
Conceptions, Common, 200
Constantine, 194
Constantius, 179
Convention, 91
Conybeare, F. C., 172
Cook, A. B., [16:1], 23, [24:1], 49 f., [56:3], 66 _n._
Copernicus, 97
Corinna, 43
Cornford, F. M., [33:1]
Cornutus, 166
_Cosmopolîtes_, 92
Cosmos, 97-100, 208
Crates, [95:1], 166
Creeds, 173 f., 178, 183
Crucifixion, [163:1]
Cumont, F., [35:1], 126, 172
Cynics, 3, 90-2, 93-5, 104; women among, [95:1]
_Cyropaedeia_, 85
Cyrus, 85
Daemon = Stoicheion, 142
Dance, religious, 27 f.
Davenport, F. M., [26:1]
Davy, G., 7 _n._
Dead, worship of, 62
Deification, E. Bevan on, [154:2]
Deliverer, the, 108
Delos, 51
_Delusio_, 169
Demeter, 72
Democritus, Atomic Theory of, 101
Demos, 82
Demosthenes, 82
Destiny, Hymn to, 135: _see_ Fate
_Dharma_, 10
_Diadochi_, 155
Diasia, 14-15
διατριβή, 90
Dicaearchus, 121 f.
_Didascaliae_, 121
Diels, [33:1], [129:1], 172
Dieterich, A., [17:1], [23:1], [29:2], 126, 146, [150:3], 172
Dio Cassius, 142
Diocletian, 194 f.
Diodorus, 144 f.
Diogenes, 90-3, 95; his 'tub,' 92
Diogenes of Oenoanda, [101:1], 114, 169 f.
Dione, 56
Dionysius, 17, 20, 72, 84, 159
δίοπτρα, 122
Disciples, qualifications and conduct of, 200
Discouragement due to collapse of the Polis, 81
Dittenberger. W., [16:1], [156:1]
Divine Mother, 164; 'Divine Wisdom', personified, 165
Dodds, E. R., [181:1]
Doutté, E., 26 f.
Dramaturge, 97
_Drômenon_, spring, 32 f.
Dümmler, [87:1]
Durkheim, Professor Émile, [6:1]
Earth, divinity of, 137; Earth-mother, 29
ἡδονή, 106
Education, [113:3]
_Ekstasis_, 150
Elements, Apuleius on, 148; divinity of, 137; in the Kosmos, 142
ἐμψυχοῦν, [200:1]
_Enthousiasmos_, 150
Eôs, 53
Epictetus, morals of, 176
Epicureans, 3, 110 f., 113, 119, 130, 145 f., 181
Epicurus, 101-11, 113, 129 f., 135, 140 f., 170, [192:1]
_Epiphanês_, 155
Epiphanius, 172
ἥρωες, 37
Euergetês, 156
_Euhemerus_, 160
Euripides, [12:4], [54:3], _passim_, 143, 152
Eusebius, [27:4], 197
Evans, Sir A., 20, 66 _n._
Evil, existence of, 215; origin of, 186, 214-16
Expurgation of mythology, 75 f.; Olympian, 61 f., 67 f.
_Eye of Bel_, 143
Failure, Great, 82
Farnell, Dr. L. R., [18:1], [20:1], 44
Fate, 132, 134, 145, 146 f., 211 f.
Federations, 80
Ferguson, W. S., [152:1]
First Cause, 185, 205 f.
Fortune, 91, 131 f., 212 f.
Fourth Century, Movements of, 3, 79-122
Frazer, Sir J. G., [16:1], [18:1], [35:1], [154:1]
Gaertringen, Hiller von, [18:2]
Galaxy, 204
Games, Roman gladiatorial, 94
Garden, 107 f., 114
Gardner. P., [57:2], [149:1]
Gennep, A. Van., [31:1]
γέρων, 31
_Gerontes_, 36
Ghosts, 221
Giants, 60
γίγνεσθαι, forms of, 216 f.
γλαυκῶπις, 24
Gnostics, 3, 123, 128, 137 f., 148, 162
God, as the 'collective desire', 26, 29; conception of, in savage tribes, 9; does not rejoice, nor is angered, 218; essence of, 158; home of, 148; of the Jews, 163; rejections of, 222 f.; unchangeable, 187; Union with, 147
God-Man, as King, 152 f.
Gods, communion with, 188; Cosmic and Hypercosmic, 206 f.; men as, 136; nature of, 200 f.; Twelve, 207; unchangeable, 217; why worshipped, 218
Good, the, 88 f., 110, 185 f., 206; happiness of, 224 f.; Idea of, as Sun of the spiritual universe, 94
γραῦς, 31
Gruppe, Dr., [18:1], [50:3], [52:1], [56:3], 172
Hagia Triada, sarcophagus of, 20
Halliday, W. R., [32:2]
Happiness, Natural, 104
Harnack, A., 193
Harrison, Miss J. E., xiv, 13-30, _passim_, [148:1]
Hartland, E. S., 9
Haverfield, Professor F. J., 127
Heath, Sir T., [141:1]
Heaven, Third, 149
Hebrews, 125
Hecataeus, 143
_Heimarmenê_, 134, 145, 211
Helen, Korê as, 138
Hellenes, conquered tribes took name of, 42; no tribe of, existing in ancient times, 41; same as Achaioi, 40
Hellenism, as standard of culture, 41
Hellenistic Age, 3 f., 114, 117, 125, 131, 144, 161, 167; culture, 125; philosophy, 165; revival, 40 f.; spirit, 152
Hera, 56
Heraclitus of Ephesus, 167
Herakles, 56, 89
Hermes, 55, 151
Hermetica, 148, 151
Hermetic communities, 146
Hermias, [116:1]
Herodotus, [27:3], 39, 41, [42:1], 44; religion of, 175
Heroes, philosophers as, 153
Heroic Age, 48 f., 57
Heroism, religious, of antiquity, 192
Hesiod, 44, 64 f.
Hipparchia, [95:1]
Hippolytus, 172
Hoffmann, Dr. O., [43:1], [52:1]
Hogarth, D. G., [24:1]
Holocaust, 14
Homer, 9, 44 f., 48 f., [54:3], _passim_, 64 f.
_Hosiôtêr_, bull as, 20 f.
Hubert and Mauss, MM., [189:1]
Idealists, 82
Idols, defence of, [77:1]
Illusion, 112, 119
Impalement, [163:1]
Infanticide, 177
Initiations, Hellenistic, 148-52
Instinct, 100
Interpreters, Planets as, 144
Ionia, 59 f.
Ionian tradition, 101, 104
Ionians, 51
Iphigenia, [61:1]
_Iranes_, 32
Irenaeus, 172
Iris, 55
Isis, 151, 166
Isocrates, 81
Jacoby, [160:1]
Jaldabaoth = Saturn, 147
Javan, sons of, 42
Jews, 125, 151, 188; God of, 163
Judaism, 193
Julian, xvi, 4, 179 ff., 184 f., 197
Justin, [64:1]
Kaibel, [61:1]
Kant, 136
Keraunos, 155
_Kêres_, 34
Kern, O., [21:2]
King, I., [29:1]
Kings, as gods, 191; divine, titles of, 155 ff.; predictions concerning, by Planets, 144; worship of, 156
Koios, 166
Korê, 63 f.; as fallen Virgin, 138; Earth, 30; Earth Maiden and Mother, 137
Kosmokratores, 146, 148, 164
Kosmos, 147, [200:1]; Moon as origin of, 169; planets as Elements in, 142
Kourê, Zeus, 150
Kourêtes, 150; Spring-song of, 30
Kouroi, 30; dance of, 28
Kouros, 63 f., 71; _Megistos_, 28; Sun as, 30; Year-Daemon, 32
Kourotrophos, Earth, 30
κράτος and βία, 25, [157:1]
Kronos, 45
κτίσαντα, 23
κτίσιν, 23
Kynosarges, 89
Lampsacus, 107
Lang, Andrew, xiii, [16:2], [23:2]
Λάθε βιώσας, 110
Leaf, W., [40:1], [49:1]
Leagues, 80
Leontion, 108
Life, inward, 119 f.
Λόγος, 135
Lucian, _Icaro-Menippos_, [15:1]
Lucretius, 38, 105, [106:1], 114
Lysander, 155
Lysias, 81
McDougall, W., 125 _n._
Macedon, 81, 127
Macedonians, 93, 116, 122
Mackail, Professor J. W., 42
Man, First, 164; Righteous, of Plato, 163; Second, 163 f.; Son of Man, 163
Man-God, worship of, 156 ff.
_Mana_, 19, 21, 24, 34, [157:1]
Marett, R. R., [124:1]
Margoliouth, Professor, [167:1]
Markos the Gnostic, 150
Marriage, Sacred, 17 f.
Maximus of Tyre, [77:1]
Mayer, M., 46 _n._
Meade, G. R. S., 172
Mediator between God and worshipper, 189; Mithras as, 151; Saviour as, 162
Medicine-king, as θεός, 25, 152; powers of, 25
Megethos, 142
Meilichios, in the Diasia, 14-15, 19
Meister, R., [53:1]
Meyer, Ed., [154:3]
Mind, nature of, 209
Mithraic communities, 146
Mithraism, 148
Mithras, 123, 139, 152; as Mediator, 151; Liturgy, 146, 148; religion of, 21
Mommsen, August, [14:1], [17:1], [18:1]
Monotheism, 69 f.
Moon, as Kourotrophos, 30; as origin of Kosmos, 169; divinity of, 136 ff.
Morals, minor, 177; of antiquity, 177 f.; of Christians, 178
Moret, [23:2]
Mother, Divine, 164; Great, 185
Mülder, D., [53:1], [57:1]
Mullach, 172
Müller, H. D., [57:1]
Music of the Spheres, 142
Myres, J. L., 40
Mysteries, 93
Mystic letters, 219
Mysticism, 169
Mythology, Olympian, 75
Myths, Sallustius' treatment of, 221 f.; why divine, 201; five species, 202; explanation of examples, 203-5
Naassenes, 146, 162
Nature, the return to, as salvation for man, 91
Nausiphanes, 101
Neo-Platonism, 181
Nerve, failure of, chap. iv.
Nikator, 155
Nilsson, M. P., [18:2], [21:2], [31:1], [32:1]
Nilus, St., 21
Norden, [159:1]
_Octavius_, 164, 182, [190:1]
Odin, 59
Ogdoas, 147
_Oimôgê_, 79, 116
Olympian expurgation, 61 f., 67 ff.; family, 11; reformation, 58, 61 ff.; stage, 2; theology, 4
Olympian Gods, brought by Northern invaders, 45; character of, 46-58; coming of, 43; why so called, 44 f.
Olympian religion, achievements of, 72 ff.; beauty of, 73; conception of, 131; failure of, 67-72
Olympians, origin of, 39 ff.
Olympus, Mount, 46
Optimism, 193
Oracles, 37-8
Oreibasius, 27
Oreibates, 27
Organization, social, 214
Origins, Religious, 1
Orphic Hymns, [30:1]; literature, [64:1]
Orphism, 148
_Orthia_, 32
Osiris, 166
Othin, [50:1]
οὐσία, [200:1]
Ovid, [52:2]
Ozymandia, 144
Pagan prayer, a, 197 f.; reaction, 173 f.
Paganism, final development of, 192 f.; struggle with Christianity, 195 f.
Palimpsest, manuscript of man's creed as, 199
Palladion, 52
Pallas, Athena as, 52, 71
Panaetius, 145
Paribeni, R., [20:2]
Parker, Mrs. Langloh, 12
Parmenides, 12, [113:2]
πάτρια, τὰ, 37
Paul. St., 2 f., 7, 23, 33, 60, 124, 137, 149, 158 _n._, 161, 164
Pauly-Wissowa, [14:1]
Pausanias, [27:3], [54:2], _passim_
Payne, E. J., [29:1], [30:1]
Pelasgians, 42, 44
πέμπτον σῶμα, 137
Periclean Age, 87, 89
Peripatetic School, 114 f., 116; spirit, 122
_Peripatos_, 114
Persecution of the Christians, 181
Persephone, 74 f.
φαρμακός, 34
Pheidias, 50
φιλανθρωπία, 156, 158
φιλία, 104, 109
Philo, 172, 177
_Phusis_, 99, 134, [200:1]
Pindar, [31:3], 43, [52:2]
Pisistratus, 43, 53
πίστις, 7
Planets, seven, history and worship of, 140 ff.
Plato, 3, 13 _n._, 82-4, 109, 126, 129, 163
Pleasure, pursuit of, 110
Plotinus, 2, 4, [10:2], 135; his union with God, 149
Plutarch, [27:3] 32{1}, [34:2], [54:2], _passim_
Poimandres, 162
Πολιάς, ἡ, or Πολιεύς, ὁ, 71
_Poliouchoi_, 67
Polis, collapse of, 80, 127 f.; projection of, 71; religion of, 71, 75 f.; replaces Tribe, 66 f.
Polybius, 80
Porch, 114
Porphyry, [149:2], [188:2]
Poseidon, 54
Posidonius, 146, 159
Predestination, 145
Preuss, Dr., 2
Proclus, [209:2]
Proletariates, 194
Pronoia _or_ Providence, Stoic belief in, 90, 135
Providence, 210 f.
ψυχή, [200:1]
Ptah, 151
Ptolemaios Epiphanês, 156 f.
Punishment, eternal, 9; why not immediate, 223
Purpose of Dramaturge, 97-100
Pythagoras, 167
Pythias, 116
Rack, martyrs happy on the, 192
Reason, as combatant of passion, 91
Redeemer, of the Gnostics, 162 f.; Son of the Korê, 138
Redemption, mystery of, 163
Reformation, Olympian, 61 ff.
Refuge, City of, in the _Laws_, 83
Refugees, sufferings of, 102
Reinach, A. J., [25:1]
Reinach, S., [25:1], [68:1], 172
Reisch, E., [11:1]
Reitzenstein, xv, 126, [150:3], 172
Religion, description of, 5-9; eternal punishment for error in, 9; falseness of, 7 ff.; Greek, extensive study of, xiii; traditional, 127; significance of, 1
Religious Origins, 1
_Republic_, 94
Retribution, 33
Reuterskiold, [21:3]
Revelations, divine, 171; series of, to worshippers, 151
Revival, Hellenistic, 40 ff.
Ridgeway, Professor, [40:1], [54:1]
Righteousness, City of, in the _Republic_, 83
Rivers, Dr., [31:2]
Robertson Smith, Dr., 21 f.
Rome, a Polis, 127
Ruah, 138
Sacraments, 148
Sacrifice, human, 35, [61:1]; condemned by Theophrastus, [188:2]; Porphyry on, [188:2]; reason for, 219 f.
Sallustius, xvi, 165, 179-81, 183-5, 193
Saturn, 147
Saviour, as Son of God and Mediator, 161 f.; dying, 35 f.; Third One, 33
Sceptics, _jeux d'esprit_ of, 87
Schultz, W., 172
Schurtz, Ed., [31:1]
Schwartz, [159:1]
Scott, W., 172
Seeck, O., [53:1], 172
Sky, phenomena of, as origin of man's idea, 136
Snake, supernatural, 19
Social structure of worshippers, 151
Solon, 43
σῶμα, [200:1]
Sophocles, 123
_Sophrosynê_, 73, 83, 114, 152, 197
_Sors_: _see_ Fortune.
Sôtêr, 155
Soul, divinity of, 153-65; human, as origin of man's idea, 136; immortal, 186; nature of, 209 f.; salvation of, 164
Sparta, Athens defeated by, 80; constitution of, 87; power of, 81
Spirit, Holy, 137; personified, 165
Stars, divinity of, 136 ff., [153:1]
Steiner, von H., _Mutaziliten_, [10:2]
Stoicism, 117, 146
Stoics, 3, 76, 95-7, 104, 109 f., 119, 128, 130, 145, 160, 165
Συμπάθεια τῶν ὅλων, 145
Sun, 187; as Kouros, 30; = both orb and ray, [203:1]; divinity of, 137 ff.; worship of, 139
_Sunoikismos_, 63
Superstition, 130
Sweetness, Epicurus on, 106
Swine, sacred, 19
_Tabu_, 34 ff.
Tarn, W. W., [80:1], [152:2]
_Teletai_, 32
Thales, 2
θαρρεῖν, 95, 103 f.
Themis, 36, 37
Theodoret, 181
Theoi Adelphoi, 154
Theophrastus, 143, [188:2]
θεός = θεσός, 24; use of the word by poets, 12
Thera, [18:2]
θεσμοί, derivation of, [16:1]
Thesmophoria, 16
Thespis, 43
Third One _or_ Saviour, 33
Thomson, J. A. K., 46 _n._
Thoth, 151
Thought, subjective, 128
Thracians, 150 f.
Thucydides, 41; religion of, 175
Thumb, A., [43:1], [45:2]
Transmigration of souls, 224
Trigonometry, 122
Trinity, 164
Tritos Sôtêr, 163
Τύχη: _see_ Fortune
'Tyrants, Thirty', 84
Uncharted region of experience, 5 ff., 171, 198
_Urdummheit_, 2, 44, 72
Usener, [101:1], [113:2], [129:1], 172
Uzzah, 68
Vandal, [40:2]
Vegetarianism, [8:1]
Vegetation-spirit, 32
Verrall, A. W., [16:1]
Vice, definition of, 213 f.
Virgin, fallen, Korê as, 138
Virtue, definition of, 213 f.
Vision, 104
Warde Fowler, W., [17:1]
Webster, H., [31:1]
Week of seven days, established, 142 f.
Wendland, P., xvi, 126, 156, 172
Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, U. von, [43:1], 59
Wisdom, Divine, personified, 165; Wisdom-Teachers, 2
Woodward, A. M., [32:1]
Word, the, personified, 165
World, ancient and modern, 120; blessedness of, 168; end of, by fire, Christian belief in, 190; eternal and indestructible, 186 f., 189, 208-9, 220-2
Xenophanes, 12
Xenophon, 79, 85, 86
Ξύνεσις, 73
Year-Daemon, 32 f.
Zeller, E., 128
Zeno, 96 f., 98, 109, 128
Zeus, Aphiktor, 28; in Magnesia bull-ritual, 21; Kourês, 150; Meilichios, 14-15; origin and character of, 49 f.; watchdog of, 93
Zodiac, 144
Transcriber's Notes
The following corrections have been made to the text.
Page 99: if[original has is] he a governor, it is his function
Page 139: some more full-blooded and less critical element[original has critica lelement]
Page 166: ('holy' and '[opening quote missing in original]sacred', or perhaps more exactly 'lawful' and '_tabu_')
Page 184: proceeds straight to the traditional[original has traditiona]
Page 227: Antigonus Gonatas[original has Gonatus], [152:1]