Act ii. sc. 3, "By my troth, the fool hath an excellent breast.

Halliwell quotes:

"I syng not musycall For my _brest_ is decayd." --Armonye of Byrdes, p. 5.

Ascham, in his Toxophilus, says, when speaking of the expediency of educating youths in singing: "Trulye two degrees of men, which have the highest offices under the king in all this realme, shall greatly lacke the vse of singinge, preachers and lawyers, because they shall not, without this, be able to rule theyr _brestes_ for euerye purpose."--Lond. 1571, fo. 86; and in Strype's Life of Arch. Parker it is stated that "In the Statutes of Stoke College, Suffolk, founded by Parker, is a provision in these words: 'of which said queristers, after their _breasts_ are changed, will the most apt of wit and capacity be holpen with exhibitions of forty shillings.'"

[E496] Nicholas Udall was the author of our oldest known comedy "Roister Doister." He was born 1505, and was Master first at Eton and afterwards at Westminster, at both of which places he became notorious for the severity of his punishments. He wrote several dramas, now lost, one of which, "Ezekias," was acted before Queen Elizabeth at Cambridge, and, in all probability, "Roister Doister" was intended to be performed by his pupils.

[E497] As to Tusser's pedigree see letter from the Windsor Herald, in the Biographical Sketch, p. xii.

[E498] "Tiburne play." Tyburn appears from authentic records to have been used as a place of execution in the time of Edward III. and probably before. See also stanza 35 post. There was another place of execution, in the parish of St. Thomas-a-Waterings, in Southwark, called for distinction Tyburn _of Kent_. See Pegge's Kenticisms, ed. Skeat, Proverb 11, and Dr. Johnson's Poem of London, l. 238, and the note on it in Hales's Longer Eng. Poems, 1872, p. 313.

[E499] "A towne of _price_." A common expression in old English, meaning of high estimation, noble. See Halliwell, s.v.

[E500] "Norfolk wiles," etc. The East Anglians were noted for their litigious propensities. Fuller, in his Worthies, says, "Whereas _pedibus ambulando_ is accounted but a vexatious suit in other counties, here (where men are said to study law as following the plough-tail) some would persuade us that they will enter an action for their neighbour's horse but looking over their hedge." An Act was passed in 1455 (33 Henry VI. cap. 7) to check the litigiousness of the district: "Whereas, of time not long past, within the city of Norwich, and the counties of Norfolk and Suffolk, there were no more but 6 or 8 attornies at the most that resorted to the King's Courts, in which time great tranquillity reigned in the said city and counties, and little trouble or vexation was made by untrue and foreign suits. And now so it is, that in the said city and counties, there be fourscore attornies or more, the more part of them having no other thing to live upon but only his gain by the practice of attorneyship, and also the more part of them not being of sufficient knowledge to be an attorney, which come to every fair, market, and other places, where is any assembly of people, exhorting, procuring, moving and inciting the people to attempt untrue foreign suits for small trespasses, little offences and small sums of debt, whose actions be triable and determinable in Court Barons; whereby proceed many suits, more of evil will and malice than of the truth of the thing, to the manifold vexation and no little damage of the inhabitants of the said city and counties, and also to the perpetual destruction of all the Courts Baron in the said counties, unless convenient remedy be provided in this behalf; the foresaid Lord the King considering the premises, by the advice, assent and authority aforesaid, hath ordained and established, that at all times from henceforth there shall be but six common attornies in the said County of Norfolk, and six common attornies in the said County of Suffolk, and two common attornies in the said City of Norwich, to be attornies in the Courts of Record; and that all the said fourteen attornies shall be elected and admitted by the two Chief Justices of our Lord the King for the time being, of the most sufficient and best instructed, by their discretions." East Anglians were frequently called "Barrators," that is, incitors to lawsuits (O. Fr. _bareter_, to deceive, cheat).

[E501] "Diram sell." West Dereham Abbey, near Downham, Norfolk, founded by Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury, for Præmonstratensian canons.

[E502] Faiersted, a parish about four miles from Witham, and near our author's birthplace.

[E503] The plague, to which Tusser evidently alludes, according to Maitland, raged in London in 1574 and 1575. It must have been subsequent to 1573, as the edition of that date does not contain this or the following stanza.

[E504] This and the preceding stanzas were first introduced in the edition of 1580.

[E505] Cf.

"The rank is but the guinea stamp, A man's a man for a' that." --Burns.

[E506] "Cocking Dads." Cf. ch. 95, stanza 5, p. 186.

[E507] "Of hir or him." See note E381.

[E508] "L'homme propose, Dieu dispose."

[E509] "Or for to iet," etc. "The Normane guise was, to walke and _jet_ up and downe the streetes, with great traines of idle serving men following them."--Lambarde's Peramb. of Kent, Reprint of 1826, p. 320. "_Jetting_ along with a giant-like gate."--Tom Tel-Troth's Message, New Shak. Soc. ed. Furnivall, p. 125. "Rogue, why winkest thou? Jenny, why _jettest_ thou?"--R. Holme, Names of Slates, Bk. iii. ch. v. p. 265. "_Item_, That no scholler be out of his college in the night season, or goe a _Jetting_, and walke the streetes in the night season, unlesse he goe with the Proctors, uppon the payne appointed in the ould Statutes of the University, which is not meate. And they declare that it is the auncient custome, that the Proctors shall not goe a _Jetting_, without the licence of the Vice Chancellor, unlesse it be in Time of some suddayne danger or occasion."--Cole's MSS. vol. 42, in the British Museum.

GLOSSARY.

_Those words which occur only in the edition of_ 1557 _are marked with an asterisk._

_The references are to the Chapters and Stanzas; thus_, 36/23 _means chapter_ 36, _stanza_ 23. _The usual abbreviations are used_.

Ad, 36/23, _v. imp._ add.

Addle, 51/6, _v._ increase in bulk.--T.R. Icel. _ödlask_ = to gain, earn. "Adylle, _adipisci, acquirere_--Cath. Anglicum.

Adue, 3/8, _int._ adieu, farewell.

Aduise, 10/41, _s._ care, notice. "Take aduise of thy rent" = make preparations for paying your rent, by laying by for that purpose.

Afoord, 99/4, _v._ afford.

After claps, 49/_d, s. pl._ disagreeable consequences.

Whane thy frende ys thy foo, He wolle tell alle and more too; Beware of after clappes! --MS. Lansd. 762, f. 100.

After crop, 18/20, _v._ extract a second crop from the land.

Aile, 35/31, _v._ _affects_, is the matter with. A.S. _eglan_.

Aker, 10/14, _s._ acre.

Alexanders, 40/1, _s. pl._ the horse parsley. "_Alexandre_, the hearb great parsley, Alexanders or Alisaunders."--Cotgrave. See Lyte's Dodoens, p. 609.

All in all, 4/2, the principal point.

Alley, 15/35, _s._ paths, walk.

Allow, 33/30; Alow, 15/32, _v. pr. t._ recommend, approve of. O. Fr. _alouer_, from Lat. _laudare_.

Aloft, 33/56, _adv._ up.

Alowe, 115/2, _adv._ low down, deep; cf. 114/23. Cf. "Why somme be _alowe_ and somme alofte."--P. Plowman, B. Text, xii. 222.

Ambling, 95/2, _adj._ trotting, cantering.

Amends, 10/58, _s._ reparation, amendment.

Amisse, 89/13, _adv._ amiss, wrong.

Amitie, 9/18, _s._ friendship.

Andrew, 48/19, St. Andrew's Day, 30th November.

Among, 1/5, _adv._ at times; 27/4, euer among = constantly, always.

Anker, 13/5, _s._ anchor.

Annis, 45/1, _s._ anise. Lat. _anisum_.

Anoieng, 48/11, _v._ injuring, damaging. O. Fr. _anoier_, from Lat. _nocere_.

Anue, 10/37, _adv._ anew, again.

Aperne, 17/4, _s._ an apron. Fr. _naperon_, a large cloth, from Lat. _nappa_. O. Fr. _appronaire_ = a woman's apron; _appronier_ = a blacksmith's apron. "Barmeclothe or naprun."--Prompt. Parv.

Aqua composita, 91/1, see note E459.

Araid, 48/22, _pp._ kept in order, regulated. O. Fr. _arraier_. A.S. _gerædan_ = to get ready.

Arbor, 35/45, _s._ an arbour. O. Fr. _herbier_.

Armer, 2/4, _s._ help, assistance.

Arse, 51/4, _s._ buttocks, hind part. A.S. _ears, ærs_.

As, 57/47, which.

Assaie, 1/4, _s._ trial. O. Fr. _assai_.

Asunder, 17/11, _v._ break asunder or in pieces.

Atchiue, 69/1, _v._ finish, complete. O. Fr. _achiever_.

Athit, 16/6, _adj._ (?), "ill-breeders."--Mavor. Ill-conditioned.--Wright's Prov. Dict.

A too, 17/9, _adv._ in two, asunder.

Attainted, 75/8, _pp._ tainted; the expression "touched" is also in use. O. Fr. _attaint_, from Lat. _attingere_.

Attonement, 106/11, _s._ atonement.

Auke, 62/13, _adj._ unlucky (_lit._ backward, inverted, confused). "Awke or wronge, _sinister_."--Prompt. Parv.

Aumbrie, 75/2, _s._ cupboard, pantry. See Prompt. Parv. _s.v._ _Awmebry_. L. Lat. _almonarium_. See also Wedgwood, s.v. _Ambry_.

Auailes, p. 2, _v. pr. t._ is useful or profitable.

Auens, 39/1, _s._ herb bennet--_geum urbanum_. Welsh _afans_. The roots gathered in the spring and put into ale give it a pleasant flavour.

Auise Avouse, 55/4, "is French jargon for _assure_ yourself, _take care_."--Mavor.

Auouch, 10/12, _v._ own, acknowledge.

"I'll avouch it to his head." --Shak. Mids. Night's Dream, i. 1.

Awe, 56/2, _s._ August.

Ayer, 16/20, _s._ air.

B.

Baggage, 21/21, _s._ foul stuff, perhaps from Fr. _bagasse_.

Baggedglie tit, 16/6, worthless beasts, baggagely.

Baies, 81/2, _s. pl._ chidings, reproof. Halliwell has this word, misspelt _baics_, as from Hunter's additions to Boucher.

Bailie, 10/18, _s._ bailiff, steward. Lat. _bajulus_. Fr. _bailli_.

Baiting, 85/2, feeding, eating.

Balke, 63/2, _s._ "What is in some places called a mier bank, being narrow slips of land between ground and ground."--T.R. A.S. _balc_. Welsh _valc_, a strip of land. "A balke or banke of earth ranged or standing up betweene two furrowes."--Baret's Alvearie. Halliwell, s.v. Balk, refers to this passage and explains Balke as a piece of timber.

Ball, 95/2, _s._ a common name for a horse. In the Prompt. it is applied to a sheep, and in the Privy Purse expenses of Henry VIII. p. 43, to a dog.

Band, 56/17, _s._ bands or ropes of straw.

Bandes, 9/24, _s._ bonds, engagements.

Bandog, 10/19, _s._ a dog always tied up on account of his fierceness; according to Bewick a species of mastiff crossed with a bull-dog. Dutch _band-hond_.

Bane, 81/6, _s._ poison.

Bane, 46/23, _s._ ruin. A.S. _bana_. O. Icel. _bani_.

Banish, 9/29, _v._ free, clear.

Banket, 28/3, _v. pr. t._ feast, banquet.

Barberies, 34/3, _s._ barberry; _berberis vulgaris_, Linn.

Barberlie, 51/4, _adv._ like a barber.

Bare, 74/6, _adj._ uncouer your bare = strip the clothes off and whip you.

Barelie, 63/23, _s._ barley.

Bargaine, 16/3, _s._ contract, agreement.

Barth, 33/26, _s._ shelter. "Barth, ground floor, floor."--Spurrell's Welsh Dict. "A warm place or pasture for calves or lambs."--Ray. "A place near the farm-house well-sheltered."--T.R.

Bartilmewtide, 57/47, St. Bartholomew's Day, 24th August.

Bassel, 42/1, Bazell, 50/34, _s._ basil, much used in cookery, especially in France. _Ocymum basilicum_.--Gerard's Herball. So called probably from its being used in some royal (βασιλικον[Greek: basilicon]) medicine or bath.

Baulme, 42/2, _s._ balsam, contracted from Lat. _balsamum_.

Bauen, 57/33, _s._ light loose faggots. O. Fr. _baffe_ = a faggot. "Baven, the smaller trees whose sole use is for the fire."--Skinner.

Bayted, 64*/7, _pp._ baited.

Beare off, 17/2, _v._ ward off, keep off.

Beare out, 16/10, _v._ keep off, protect from.

Beares, 20/1, _v. pr. t._ provides, furnishes.

*Bease, 57, _s. pl._ beasts, cows.

Beastlie, 20/2, _adj._ stupid, careless.

Beath, 23/9, _v._ to place before the fire, to straighten by heating.

Beck, 46/28, _s._ beak.

*Beclip, 30, _v._ anticipate, surprise.

Bedstraw, 19/40, _s._ clean straw.

Beene, 51/22, _s._ property, wealth. Fr. _bien_.

Beere, 96/84, _s._ bier.

Beetle, 22/1, _s._ a wooden club or mallet, its head hooped with iron, and studded all over with nails, used for splitting wood.

Beggerie, 10/40, _s._ beggary, poverty.

Begilde, 57/27, Beguilde, 10/56, _pp._ cheated, disappointed.

Begon, 99/5, _pp._ begun.

Behoouing, 2/5, _adj._ belonging, proper to.

Bellifull, 46/27, _s._ sufficiency, satisfaction.

Bent, 113/3, _pp._ inclined, disposed.

Beshreawd, 102/7, _pp._ ruined, cursed. Connected with the _shrew_ mouse, to which deadly qualities were at one time attributed.

Bestad, 114/23, _pp._ circumstanced, situated.

Bestowe, 16/34, _v. imp._ place, arrange.

Betanie, 45/3, _s._ the plant Betony, _Betonica officinalis_, Linn.

Betwix, 74/2, _adv._ between. A.S. _betwix_.

Bewraies, 108/4, _v. pr. t._ betrays.

Bex, 37/12, _s. pl._ beaks. Fr. _bec_, pl. _becs_.

Biefe, 21/11, _s._ beef.

Big, 33/36, _s._ teat, pap. A.S. _bige_, a bosom.--Bailey's Dict. 1735. It also occurs in Gifford's Dialogue on Witches, 1603.

Bil, 17/8; Bill, 33/22, _s._ billhook.

Bilde, 95/6, _v._ build.

Billet, 53/12, _s._ chopped-up wood.

Bin, 107/1, _pp._ been.

Blabs, 100/3, _s. pl._ chatterboxes, talkative persons. "_Cacqueteur, babillard, baquenaudier, bavard_. A _blab_, a long tongue: one that telleth whatsoever he heareth."--Nomenclator, 1585.

Blade, 19/14, _s._ blades of grass.

Blaze, 108/4, _v._ spread abroad the report of, blaze abroad. Cf. Spenser, F. Q., I. xi. 7. A.S. _blæsan_, to blow.

Blenge, 100/3, _v._ blenge, mix.

Blessed thistle, 44/1, _s._ so called from its supposed power of counteracting the effects of poison; _Carduus benedictus_.

Blew, 43/3, _adj._ blue.

Blindfild, 90/3, _adj._ blindfold.

Blisse, 2/3, _v._ bless, praise.

Block in the fier, 10/57, a block of wood in the fire.

Blocks, 17/11, _s. pl._ blocks of wood, trunks and stumps of trees.

Bloodwoort, 39/4, _s._ bloody-veined dock, _Rumex sanguineus_.

Blouse, 16/37, _s._ red-faced wife or girl. "A girl or wench whose face looks red by running abroad in the wind and weather is called a _blouz_, and said to have a _blouzing_ colour. "--Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033. See also Thoresby's Letter to Ray, E.D. Soc. B. 17.

Blowne, 2/10, _pp._ reported.

Bobbed, 114/5, _pp._ pouting.

Boddle, 51/11, _s._ "a weed like the Mayweed, but bears a large yellow flower."--T.R. From Dutch _buidel_, a purse, because it bears _gools_ or _goldins_, gold coins, Dutch _gulden_, a punning allusion to its yellow flowers.

Boies, 57/34, _s. pl._ boys.

Bold, 2/9, _v. pt. t._ embolden, encourage.

Bold, 63/22, _adj._ proud.

Boll, 83/2, _s._ washing-bowl, tub.

Bolted, 67/2, _pp._ sifted, examined. Bolted-bread = a loaf of sifted wheat meal mixed with rye. See _Bolt_ and _Bolting-cloth_ in Peacock's Gloss. of Manley and Corringham.

Boollesse, 34/4, _s._ bullace, small tartish plums, black or yellow. Called in Cambridgeshire "Cricksies." "I believe the word to be Celtic: Irish _bulos_, a prune, Breton _polos_, a bullace, Gaelic _bulaistear_, a bullace, a sloe."--Note by Rev. W. W. Skeat. "A bullace, frute, _pruneolum_."--Manip. Vocab.

Boone, 62/17, _s._ request, prayer.

Boord, 23/12, _s._ boards, planks.

Boorde, 88/1, _s._ the table, meals.

Bootie, 48/14, _s._ booty, prey.

Borough, 33/7, _s._ burrows, warren. A.S. _beorg_, _beorh_.

Botch, 74/5, _v. imp._ patch.

Botles, 43/3, _s._ chrysanthemum. "Boyul or bothule, herbe or Cowslope, _Vactinia_."--Prompt. Parv.

Bots, 45/22, _s. pl._ a disease (worms) troublesome to horses. Gaelic _botus_, a bott; _boiteag_, a maggot.

Bottle, 21/15, _s._ the leathern bottle.

Bowd, 19/39, _s._ weevil, _Curculio granarius_; bowd-eaten = eaten by weevils. "Bowde, malte worme." "Malte bowde or wevyl."--Prompt. Parv.

Bowe, 17/13, _s._ bow.

Bows, 36/12, _s. pl._ boughs, sticks. A.S. _bog, boh._

Brag, 19/14, _s._ boast, sham, pretence; 94/16, value, estimation.

Braggeth, 62/1, _v. pr. t._ boasts, brags. Welsh _bragiaw_. Fr. _braguer_.

Brake, 15/33, _s._ underwood, ferns, etc. Brakes, "Their light firing in Norfolk, that is wherewith they bake and brew."--T.R.

Brall, 77/11, _v._ quarrelling, scolding.

Bralling, 101/4, _adj._ brawling, quarrelsome.

Brank, 19/20, _s._ Buck-wheat. _Polygonum fagopyrum_. "_Brance_, bearded red wheat."--Cotgrave. "_Brance_" occurs in Pliny's Hist. Nat. xviii. c. 7.

Brats, 81/6, _s. pl._ children.

Brauling, 48/15, _s._ quarrels, contention.

Braue, 94/2, _adj._ fine, grand.

Brauerie, 9/12, _s._ show, boast.

Brawne, 31/2, _s._ brawn, originally the flesh of the wild boar, but used for flesh generally. O. Fr. _braon, braion_.

Brawneth, 16/22, _v. pr. t._ fatteneth.

Breaching, 2/11, _s._ breaking, breach.

Breadcorne, 19/20, _s._ "leguminous crops."--Wright's Dict.

Breaker, 95/2, _s._ horse-breaker.

Breaketh his credit, 10/37, fails to do what he has promised.

Breakhedge, 15/36, _s._ trespassers and others who break down fences, or make gaps in hedges.

Breathely, 33/38, _adj._ worthless. See Halliwell, s.v. Bretheling.

Brecke, 16/16, _s._ breach, gap. A.S. _brecan_, to break.

Breede, 10/31, _v._ cause, generate.

Breeders, 12/2, _s. pl._ good time for breeding.

Breeding, 2/10, _s._ origin, source.

Breers, 114/2, _s. pl._ briars, thorns, hence troubles and difficulties.

Bremble, 36/23, _s._ bramble, briar.

Brest, 11/7, _v._ nurse.

Brest, 114/6, _s._ voice. See note E495.

Breth, 107/4, _s._ breath.

Bribing, 10/27, _v._ thieving, stealing. "I _bribe_, I pull, I pyll."--Palsgrave. See Mr. Skeat's note to P. Plowman, xxiii. 262.

Brineth, 75/8, _v. pr. t._ cure with brine or salt.

Brooketh, 94/10, _v. pr. t._ endures, allows.

Brothell, 10/20, _v._ riotous, dissipated. See Halliwell, _s.v._ Brethel.

Brows, 33/11, feed on, nibble. O. Fr. _brouster_ from _broust_, a sprout. "Yode forth abroade unto the greenewood to _browze_ or play."--Spenser, Shep. Cal. May. "_Browse_, or meat for beastes in snowtyme. _Vesca_."--Huloet.

Brue, 15/33, _v._ brew. A.S. _briwan_.

Brush, 17/14, _s._ underwood, brushwood.

Brushed cote, 49/_b_, a beating; cf. "a dusted jacket."

Buck, 50/13, _s._ buckwheat. Dutch _boekweit_.

Buckle, 96/84, _v. imp._ prepare, get ready; cf. _buckle to_.

Bucks, 74/5, _s. pl._ a quantity of linen washed at once, a tub-full of linen ready for washing. _Bouckfatt_, a washing-tub (Unton Inventories, p. 28). Lay your bucks = get your linen ready for washing.

Buglas, 39/5, _s._ bugloss, _Lycopsis arvensis_, Linn.

Buie, 3/8, _v._; Buieng, 56/4, buy.

Bulchin, 33/36, _s._ a bull-calf.

Bullimong, 19/30, _s._ a mixture of oats, peas and vetches, or buckwheat. Possibly a corruption of Lat. _pulmentum_.

Burch, 92/4, _s._ the rod, birch.

Burrage, 39/7, _s._ borage. _Borago officinalis_. The flowers were supposed to be cordial and excitative of courage, especially if infused in wine; whence the derivation Celtic _borr_, pride, _borrach_, a haughty man.

Burs, 63/16, _s. pl._ the burdock. "_Bourre_, the downe or hairie coat, wherewith divers herbs, fruites, and flowers are covered."--Cotgrave.

Bushets, 37/19, _s. pl._ small shoots from bushes.

Busht, 42/1, _adj._ thick, spreading.

Buttrice, 17/4, _s._ a farrier's tool used in shoeing horses to pare the hoofs.

Buttrie, 89/5, _s._ pantry, cupboard.

Buzard, 46/28, _s._ buzzard.

By and bie, 57/15, _adv._ presently.

C.

Cabben, 16/23, _s._ house, sty.

Cace, 67/26, _s._ case, point.

Cadow, 46/28, _s._ jackdaw. "_Cadesse_, Daw, Jackdaw."--Cotgrave. "Cad-dow, a Jackdaw or Chough, Norfolk."--Bailey's Dict. See note in Prompt. Parv., s.v. Cadaw.

Calling, 9/1, _s._ station in life.

Camamel, 42/3, _s._ Camomile. Lat. _chamæmelum_. χαμαιμηλον [Greek: chamaimeilon], earth-apple, from the smell of its flowers.

Campe, 22/24, _v._ to play football. A.S. _camp_ = a contest. See Ray's Glossary, E. D. Soc. p. xvi.

Campers, 22/24, _s. pl._ football players. See note E133.

Campions, 43/5, _s._ Red Lychnis or Campion, _Lychnis diurna_.

Candlemas, page 84, footnote 5, _s._ 2nd February, so called from the great number of lights used on that day, being the feast of the Purification of the Virgin Mary.

Canteth, 94/8, _v. pr. t._ ? scanteth, _i.e._ is economical. The edition of 1573 reads _franteth_, which is a Somerset word meaning _to be careful_. Canteth, according to Halliwell, means "divides," _i.e._ does not use up everything at once, but only what is wanted for the time.

Canuas, 57/54, _s._ canvas.

Capitaine cheefe, 10/19, head or chief captain.

Capon, 31/3, _s._ a castrated cock.

Careles, 35/4, _adj._ unwilling, not anxious.

Carkas, 26/4, _s._ corpse, body. Fr. _carcasse_.

Carke, 114/15, _v._ to be anxious. "I carke, I care, I take thought, _je chagrine_"--Palsgrave. "Waile we the wight whose absence is our _carke_."--Spenser, Shep. Cal. November.

*Carnels, 101, _s. pl._ seeds of the haw, briar, etc. Cf. ch. 18. st. 48 and 36. 13.

Carrege, 56/21, _s._ carrying home.

Carren, 18/36, _s._ carrion, carcasses, M.E. _caroigne_. Fr. _charogne_, from It. _carogna_, Lat. _caronem_.

Carrenly, 19/36, _adj._ rotting, putrifying.

Cart gap, 56/13, _s._ the openings for carts to pass from one field to another.

Cartwrite, 58/5, _s._ cartwright.

Cast, 10/41, _v._ to count up, reckon.

Cast, 20/3, _v. pr. t._ to clean the threshed corn by casting it from one side of the barn to the other, that the light grains and dust may fall out. For this purpose is used a _skuttle_, q.v.

Cast, 33/52, _v. imp._ give over, throw up.

Casting, 65/8, _adj._ that throw up the earth as they burrow through it.

Cater, 10/16, _s._ caterer, provider. "_Cater_ a steward, a manciple, a prouider of Cates."--Baret's Alvearie. "Cates, dainty provisions."--Bailey's Eng. Dict. 1737.

Cawme, 56/15, _adj._ calm, settled.

Challenge, 72/1, _v._ claim. O. Fr. _chalenger_.

Champion (title), _s._ plain open country. Fr. _champagne_, from Lat. _campania_, from _campus_ = a field. "Worstershire, Bedfordshire, and many other well-mixt soiles, where the Champaigne and couert are of equall largeness."--G. Markham, Husbandman's Recreations, c. i.

Champions, 16/2, _s. pl._ inhabitants of counties where lands are open and unenclosed.

Chancing, 9/30, _v._ happening, falling out.

Chapman, 19/27, _s._ bargainer, dealer. A.S. _ceapman_.

Charge, 84/2, _s._ trouble, expense. Compare All's Well that Ends Well, ii. 3, 121: "She had her breeding at my father's charge."

Charged, 10/8, _pp._ burdened, busy, anxious.

Charges, 23/6, _s. pl._ works, troubles.

Charuiel, 45/4, _s._ the plant Chervil. _Chærophyllum temulentum_, Linn. Whence A.S. _cærfille_, Fr. _cerfeuil_.

Chaunting, 16/31, _v._ crying, yelling.

Cheanie, 2/6, Jeanie, Jennie.

Cheere, 22/28, _v._ enjoy oneself.

Cheere, 57/26, _s._ enjoyment, merriment.

Chees, 48/20, _s._ cheese. Lat. _caseus_; whence O. H. Ger. _chasi_, A.S. _cêse_.

Chein, 17/10, _s._ chain.

Cherie, 33/58, _s._ cherry. Lat. _cerasus_; whence A.S. _cirse_, Fr. _cerise_.

Chikins, 38/33, _s. pl._ chickens, young fowls.

Chinke, 46/27, _s._ money. A word formed from the sound of coin _jingling_ together.

Chip, 57/32, _s._ wood-choppings.

Chippings, 86/3, _s. pl._ fragments of bread. "_Chapplis_, bread-chippings."--Cotgrave.

Choised, 57/34, _pp._ selected, chosen. Fr. _choix_, choice.

Chopping, 57/40, _s._ exchange, barter. "Choppe and chaunge, _mercor_."--Huloet. A.S. _ceapan_.

Churle, 10/50, _s._ an ill-bred, disagreeable person. A.S. _ceorl_, a freeman of the lowest rank.

Cinqfile, 45/5, _s._ cinquefoil. _Potentilla_, Linn.

Clap, 10/22, _s._ blow, stroke; "at a clap" = at once.

Clapper, 36/25, _s._ a rabbit burrow or warren. "Cony hole or _clapar_"--Palsgrave. "A _clapper_ for conies, i.e. a heap of stones, earth, with boughes or such like wherinto they may retire themselves."--Minsheu. Fr. _clapier_. L. Lat. _clapa_.

Clarie, 39/9, _s._ meadow sage. _Salvia pratensis_.

Clauestock, 17/20, _s._ a chopper for splitting wood.

Cleerely, 16/25, _adj._ clear.

Clicket, 77/9, _v._ chatter. "If I disturb you with my _clicketten_, tell me so, David, and I won't."--C. Dickens in David Copperfield. "A tatling huswife, whose _clicket_ is ever wagging."--Cotgrave.

Clim, 56/23, _s._ ? Clement.

Clime, 57/30, _v._ climb. A.S. _climban_.

Clod, 114/37, _s._ earth, hence = landed property.

Clog, 89/1, _s._ charge, duty.

Closet, 14/3, _s._ retirement, seclusion.

Closeth, 62/5, _v. pr. t._ incloses, fences in.

Closier, page 2, _s._ enclosures. Fr. _closure_.

Clot, 33/24, _s._ clods. A.S. _clûd_. "Clodde or clotte lande, _occo_."--Huloet.

*Cloughted, 89, _pp._ See Clouted.

Clout, 67/16, _s._ piece of cloth. A.S. _clût_, a little cloth. Mid. Eng. _clout, clutian, clutien_, to patch.

Clouts, Cloutes, 17/10, _s._ an instrument similar to the _plowstaff_, shod with iron and used for breaking large clods, etc.

Clouted, 17/6, _pp._ "having the Axle-tree armed with Iron plates."--T.R. O. Fr. _clouet_, dimin. of _clou_, a nail, from Lat. _clavus_. See Nares, s.v. Clout.

Coast, 63/7, _s._ country, district. O. Fr. _coste_, from Lat. _costa_, a rib, side.

Coast man, 36/22, _s._ masters of coasting vessels.

Cobble, 74/5, _v. imp._ patch, mend.

Cock, 53/4, _v. imp._ put into cocks, or small stacks.

Cocking, 95/5, _adj._ over-indulgent.

Cockle, 46/13, _s._ the weed corn-rose, _Agrostemma githago_, Linn. Cockle or Cokyl is used by Wycliffe and other old writers in the sense of a weed generally.

Cockneies, 92/4, _s. pl._ spoilt or effeminate boys. See note E460, and Halliwell, s.v. Cockney.

Cocks, 57/16, _s. pl._ small conical heaps of hay or corn.

Codware, 19/26, _s._ all plants that bear pods (or cods); peas, beans, etc. "Pescodde, _escosse de poix_."--Palsgrave. A S. _codd_. Welsh, _cod, cwd_, a small bag.

Coeme, Coome, 17/7, _s._ a measure of half a quartern. A.S. _cumb_.--Somner. "There is no such word in A.S. as _cumb_; it is one invented by Somner, so that the (so-called) A.S. _cumb_ is really derived from Eng. _coomb_"--Note by Rev. W. W. Skeat.

Cofer up, 10/61, _v._ to hoard up, lock up.

Cofers, 16/4, _s. pl._ money-boxes.

Cog, 63/14, _v._ cheat, defraud. "Cog a dye, to load a die."--Cotgrave. "A cogger, _un pipeur_. To cogge, _piper_"--The French Schoolemaster, 1636.

Coile, 4/1, _s._ bustle, hard work; cf. Fr. _cuellée_, a mob, tumult.

Cold, 91/2, _adj._ cooling.

Cole, 57/31, _s._ turf, peat.

Colewort, 39/10, _s._ or collet, cabbage. _Brassica oleracea_, Linn.

Collembines, 43/4, _s. pl._ columbine. Lat. _columbina_, _adj._ from _columba_, a pigeon, from the resemblance of its nectaries to the heads of pigeons in a ring round a dish, a favourite device of ancient artists.--Dr. R. A. Prior.

Comfort, 19/19, _s._ strength, fertility.

Commodities, 37/17, _s. pl._ advantages.

Compact, 112/1, _pp._ composed. Lat. _compactus_, from _compango_. "Love is a spirit all _compact_ of fire."--Venus and Adonis, 149.

Compas, 47/3, _s._ manure, compost. O. Fr. _compost_, from Lat. _compositum_.

Compassing, 56/1, _s._ manuring.

*Compast, 11, _pp._ manured.

*Compound, 11, _v. imp._ agree, arrange.

Confer, page 2, _v._ compare. Lat. _conferre_.

Confound, 67/27, _v._ destroy, spoil.

Conie, 15/20, _s._ a term of endearment.

Conies, 63/10, _s. pl._ rabbits. Welsh _cwning_. Irish _coinni_. Lat. _cuniculus_, cognate with Lat. _cuneus_ (what cleaves, a wedge), and comes from the Sanskrit root _khan_ = to dig.--Palmer.

Conserue, 91/3, preserve.

Constancie, 9/23, _s._ consistency, firmness.

Conster, 114/34, _v._ understand.

Contemne, 106/7, _v. pr. t._ despise. Lat. _contemnere_.

Continue, 19/35, _v._ to breed from, to keep up stock from.

Contrarie, 67/25, _v. imp._ oppose, contradict.

Cooples, 10/6, _s._ couples, husband and wife.

Coosen, 63/14, _v._ cheat, swindle. Shakespere's _cozen_.

Copie, 47/8, _s._ coppice.

Coresie, 19/24, _s._ annoyance, trouble.

Cornet plums, 34/7, _s._ cornel plums, cornel cherries.

Corneth, 75/8, _v. pr. t._ preserve and season, cure.

Corps, 53/1, _s._ body.

Cost, 32/5, _s._ coast, country. See Coast.

Costmarie, 42/4, _s._ costmary, called also ale-cost, _Balsamita vulgaris_.

Cote, 58/11, _v._ cogitate, reflect.

Coted, 2/8, _v. pt. t._ took note of, wrote down. "Howe scripture shulde be _coted_ (quoted)."--Skelton, Colin Clout, l. 758.

Count, 10/21, _v._ reckon, "be to counte" = be of account, be worth.

Counterfait, 64/29, _adj._ counterfeit, sham, false.

Coursest, 55/4, _adj._ coarsest.

Court, 86/10, _s._ account, examination.

Cousleps, 42/5, _s. pl._ cowslips.

Couert, 63/5, covert, underwood.

Couertlie, 9/5, _adv._ closely.

Cowlaske, page 4, _s._ diarrhœa in cattle. See Fletcher's Differences, 1623, p. 33. Laske, _v._ = to _relax_, slacken. See Glossary to "William of Palerne," E. E. Text Soc. edit. Skeat.

Coxcombe, 64/18; Coxcome, 10/48, _s._ The cap of the licensed fool had often on the top a cock's head and comb and some of the feathers. Therefore he "strives for a coxcome" = he will only succeed in proving his own folly.

Crabs, 15/17, _s. pl._ crab apples.

Cracketh, 10/37, _v. pr. t._ half breaks, injures.

Cradle, 17/14, _s._ "A three-forked instrument of wood, on which the corn is caught as it falls from the sithe."--T.R.

Crake, 18/21, _v._ brag, boast. Dutch _kraaken_.

Crakers, 54/4, _s. pl._ boasters.

Cram, 114/15, _v._ feed up, satisfy.

Creake, 47/2, "to cry creak" = "to be afraid," "to desist from any object, to repent."--Halliwell.

Credit crackt, 4/1, credit or trust broken.

Creekes, 49/4, _s. pl._ corners, seek creekes = hide herself.

Creekes, 38/26, _s. pl._ servants.

Creepinglie, 9/32, _adv._ stealthily, by degrees.

Cresies, 40/5, _s._ cress. Fr. _cresson_. M. Lat. _crissomum_ from Lat. _crescere_, to grow, "a celeritate crescendi."

Crome, 17/19, _s._ "Like a dung-rake with a very long handle."--T.R.

Crone, 56/46, _v. imp._ pick out the crones, i.e. the old ewes. The meaning is, weed out your flocks.

Crones, 12/4, _s. pl._ "Ewes, whose teeth are so worn down that they can no longer keep their sheep-walk."--T.R.

Crooked, 57/46, _adj._ deformed.

Croppers, 18/19, _s._ the best or most productive crops.

Croppers, 19/20, _s. pl._ persons who extract crop after crop from the land.

Crosse, 46/9, _s._ a cross-piece.

Crosse, 9/29, _v._ happen, result unfavourably.

Crosses, 9/29, _s._ troubles, misfortunes.

Crosserowe, page 3, _s._ called also Christcrossrow; the alphabet. "A is the name of the first letter in the _Crosrowe_."--Baret's Alvearie.

Crotch, 51/10, _s._ "a curved weeding tool."--T.R.

Crotches, 60/11, _s. pl._ crutches. A.S. _cryce_. L. Lat. _croccia, crucca_. H. Ger. _krücke_.

Crotchis, 57/51, _s. pl._ crooks, hooks. O. Fr. _croche_.

Crowchmas, 50/36, _s._ St. Helen's Day, 3rd May, being the feast of the Invention of the Holy Cross.

Crowe, 46/9, _s._ crowbar.

Cubboord, 89/5, _s._ cupboard.

Culters, 17/10, _s. pl._ coulters.

Cumbersome, 10/13, _adj._ troublesome, vexatious, oppressive.

Cummin, 45/6, _s._ cumin, a plant resembling fennel, cultivated for its seeds, which have a bitterish warm taste, and are used like those of anise and carraway. Arabic _kammûn_. Hebrew _kammôn_.

Cunnie, 36/25, _s._ rabbit.

Currant, 10/44, _adj._ current coin, good coin.

Currey, 64*/2, _v._ gain by flattery. On the origin of this phrase see "Leaves from a Word-Hunter's Note Book," by Rev. A. S. Palmer, p. 63.

Custome, 77/1, _s._ custom, habit; of custome = as a matter of course.

Curtesie, 9/8, _s._ courtesy, respect.

D.

*Dablith, 27, _v. pr. t._ make wet and dirty.

Dads, 95/5, _s. pl._ fathers.

Daffadondillies, 43/7, _s. pl._ daffodils. _Narcissus pseudonarcissus_, Linn.

Daieth, 62/8, _v. pr. t._ names some future day for payment, i.e. buys on credit.

"The moste part of my debtters have honestly payed, And they that were not redy I have gently _dayed_." --Wager's Cruell Debter, 1566.

*Dainty, 94, _adj._ difficult, lit. choice, excellent.

Dallops, 54/5, _s. pl._ "A patch or bit of ground lying here and there among the corn."--T.R. 57/17, "Tufts of corn such as are commonly seen where dung-heaps have stood too long, or in shady places."--T.R.

Damsens, 34/8, _s. pl._ damsons, contracted from _damascene_ = the _Damascus_ plum.

Dank, 22/11, _adj._ damp, wet.

Dare, 2/7, _v._ pain, grieve. A.S. _daru_, hurt.

Darnell, 65/1, _s._ darnel, the plant _Lolium perenne_. "Darnell or Iuraye in Englishe also called Raye."--Dodoens, Newe Herball, 1578.

Darth, 63/24, _s._ dearth, dearness of food, etc.

*Daunger, 90/8, risk.

Daw, 99/2, _s._ simpleton, sluggard.

Day, 57/8, _s._ day-work, time-work.

Dead, 78/4, _adj._ flat (beer). Cf. "Pallyd, as drynke, _emortuus_."--Prompt. Parv.

Deaw, 56/48, _s._ dew, damp.

Deckt, 106/2, _pp._ adorned, beautified.

Defende, 86/7, _v._ avoid, prevent.

Deintily, 19/37, _adv._ dearly.

Delaide, 66/7, _pp._ tempered, moderated.

Delue, 21/19, _v. imp._ dig. A.S. _delf, delfan_ = to dig, from Goth. _dailjan_ = to deal, divide. Cf. Ger. _thal_, Eng. _dale_.

Deluing, 36/17, _pr. p._ burrowing.

Depart, 10/56, _v. imp._ give away, part with.

Descant, 68/5, _v._ comment. O. Fr. _deschanter_, from L. Lat. _discantare_.

Despaire, 57/10; Dispaire, 63/9, _s._ injury, damage.

Despight, 106/12, _s._ despite.

Det, 114/38, _s._ debt.

Detanie, 45/8, _s._ Dittany or Pepperwurt, apparently a corruption of Lat. _dictamnus_, of which Dodoens says:--"It is fondly and unlearnedly called in English Dittany. It were better in following the Douchemen to call it Pepperwurt."--Book v. c. 66. Welsh _Ddittain_.

Dew-retting, 16/25, _s._ steeping flax by leaving it out all night on the grass. See Water-retting.

Diall, 68/7, _s._ sundial.

Dible, 46/24, _s._ a planting or setting stick, a dimin. of _dib = dip_ and allied to _tip_ = a sharp point. "_Debbyll_, or settyng stycke."--Huloet.

Dicing, 10/40, _s._ gambling.

Didall, 17/19, _s._ "A triangular spade, as sharp as a knife, excellent to bank ditches, where the earth is light and pestered with a sedgy weed."--T.R.

Dide, 114/11, _v. pt. t._ died.

Digest, 11/4, _v._ quiet, sooth.

Dight, 23/19, _pp._ prepared, treated. A.S. _dihtan_.

Dike, 3/7, _s._ ditch, dike, fence. A.S. _díc_.

Dill, 44/3, _s._ dill. A.S. _dil. Antheum graveolens_.

Dippings, 86/3, _s. pl._ dripping, grease, etc., collected by the cook.

Discharge, 53/3, _v._ relieve you of the trouble.

Discurtesy, 9/19, _s._ incivility, rudeness.

Dispaire, 57/53, _v._ injure, depreciate.

Dissurie, 114/26, _s._ the strangury.

Distaffe, 67/15, _s._ distaff.

Docking the dell, 10/40, dissipation. See Grose's Dict. s.v. _Dock_.

Docks, 17/11, _s. pl._ weeds.

*Dockes, 27, _s. pl._ ?

Dole, 33/16, _s._ share.

Doles, 48/6, _s. pl._ boundary marks, either a post or a mound of earth; also, a balk or slip of unploughed ground.

Dolt, 33/37, _s._ stupid, fool.

Don, 106/21, _pp._ done.

Doo of, 33/39, _v. imp._ get rid of.

Doong, 19/29, _s._ dung, manure.

Doong Crone, 17/7, _s._ a crook or staff with hooked end for drawing dung.

Doonged, 53/21, _pp._ dunged, manured.

Doted, 2/8, _v. pt. t._ became foolish, was silly. Fr. _dotter, radoter_, to dote, rave.--Cotgrave. Cf. Piers Plowman, "Thou _doted_ daffe."

Doughtful, 115/3, _adj._ doubtful.

Douse, 10/7, _s._ strumpet, prostitute; the same word as _Doxy_. Halliwell, _s.v._ Douce, quotes this passage, and renders _douse_ by "a pat in the face," but s.v. Dowse he gives the correct meaning.

Dout, 87/7, _s._ danger, risk, difficulty.

Doues, 56/24, _s. pl._ doves, pigeons.

Dowebake, 79/2, _s._ dough, underbaked bread.

Drab, 77/5, _s._ sloven, loose woman.

Dragons, 45/7, _s._ the herb Serpentine, Serpentarie, or Dragonwort.

Dredge, 16/13, _s._ a mixture of oats and barley. "Dragge, menglyd corne (drage or mestlyon), _mixtio_."--Prompt. Parv. See Note E91.

Drest, 49/8, _pp._ treated.

Dreue, 35/42, Driue, 33/42, _v._ follow you up, press you.

Dreuils, 114/12, Driuell, 79/1, _s._ wasters, spendthrifts.

Drift, 10/13, _s._ end, aim, design, 114/39, course, such drift to make = to drift along in such a manner.

Drines, 53/20, _s._ dryness.

Drinke corn, 18/24, _s._ barley.

Driping, 35/14, _v._ dripping on, keeping wet.

Driue, 16/20, _v._ drive out of their hives for the purpose of taking the honey.

Droie, 81/3, _s._ a drudge, servant. See note in Prompt. Parv. s.v. _Deye_.

Drousie, 89/4, _adj._ the drowsy, the sleepy.

Drout, 14/3, _s._ drought, dry weather.

Drowseth, 62/13, _v. pr. t._ droops, gives way.

Drudge, 7/1, _s._ slave, mean servant.

Duck, 55/6, _s._ docks, dockweed.

Dun, 82/2, _pp._ finished, done for.

Dy, 35/24, _s._ a die, as close as a dy = as close as possible.

E.

Earthes, 35/50, _s. pl._ a ploughing. A.S. _earian_. Lat. _arare_, to plough. In the Catholicon Anglicum we find "A dayserth or daysardawe, _juger, jugerum_." See also Ray and Halliwell, s.v. _Arders_.

Easeth, 94/9, _v. pr. t._ indulges, pleases.

Eaw, 67/24, _s._ ewe.

Eb, 14/5, _s._ ebb. A.S. _ebba_.

Ech, 57/23, _adj._ each.

Edder, 33/13, _s._ "Such fence wood as is commonly put upon the top of Fences and binds or interweaves each other."--T.R.

Edish, 18/4, _s._ stubble after the corn is cut. Roughings. _Edisc_ is an old Saxon word signifying sometimes _roughings, aftermathes_. See Glossaries, B 15, B 16, E. D. Soc.

Edmond, St., 20/12, St. Edmund's Day, 20th November.

Eie, 57/9, _s._ eye, attention.

Eiebright, 44/5, _s._ common eyebright, _Euphrasia officinalis_, formerly much used as a remedy for diseases of the eye.

Eies, 114/4, _s. pl._ eyes.

Eke, 66/6, _adv._ also, too, A.S. _eac, ec_.

Elfe, 114/14, _s._ creature; 86/11, a servant.

Elues, 22/3, _s. pl._ young cattle.

Embraid, 113/7, _v. imp._ upbraid, abuse.

Embrings, 12/6, _s. pl._ the Ember-days, being the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday after the first Sunday in Lent, the feast of Whitsuntide, the 14th September, and the 13th December.

Endiue, 91/2, _s._ endive.

Enuite, 16/32, _v._ invite, call.

Er, 56/21, _adv._ ere, before. Er an = ere than = before that.

Erecting, 1/1, _pr. p._ sustaining, strengthening.

Erie, 57/11; Ery, 18/17, _adj._ every.

Estate, 10/3, _s._ condition, position.

Etch, 36/3, _s._ stubble, edish, q.v.

Exceptions, 19/25, _s. pl._ differences, distinctions.

Exeltred, 17/6, _adj._ furnished with an axle-tree.

Expulsed, 1/4, _v. pt. t._ expelled, drove away.

Extolst, 112/6, _v. pr. t._ praise, extol.

Ey, 99/2, _s._ attention, forgetting his eye = neglecting his duty by staring or gaping about. See Eie.

F.

Fall, 35/32, _v. pr. t._ are born.

Falleth, 20/1, _v. pr. t._ falls off, loses flesh.

Falt, 35/43, _s._ fault.

Fansies, 2/13, _s._ fancies, whims.

Fare, 2/5, _s._ treatment.

Fare, 33/33, _v._ farrow, litter.

Fare, 10/32, _v._ prosper, fare. A.S. _faran_.

Farnesse, 14/4, _s._ distance, length.

Fasting daie, 10/51, _s._ a day on which it was forbidden to eat food of any description.

Fat, 18/34, _adj._ fattened beasts.

Fat, 57/54, _s._ vat, vessel.

Fats up, 15/28, _v. pr. t._ fattens up.

Fautie, 99/2, _adj._ faulty.

Fauoreth, 52/24, _v. pr. t._ help, improve.

Fay, 77/4, _s._ faith, word. O. Fr. _fei_.

Feaw, 56/48, _adj._ few, a few.

Feawe, 50/1, _adj._ little time, while. A.S. _feawe_, few.

Fees, 33/12, _s. pl._ pay, reward.

Feft, 114/33, _pp._ enfeoffed, endowed.

Fellowes, 57/9, _s. pl._ companions, mates. O. Icel. _félagi_, a companion.

Fellowlie, 10/55, _adj._ friendly, neighbourly. Cf.

"Mine eyes ... Fall _fellowly_ drops." --Tempest, Act v. sc. i. 64.

See also Abbot's Shaksperean Grammar, § 447.

Fence, 63/2, _s._ defence, protection.

Fenell, 39/13, _s._ fennel. _Fœniculum vulgare_.

Fennie, 35/44, _adj._ mouldy, vinewed. "_Moisi_; mouldy, hoary, vinowed."--Cotgrave.

Ferme, 10/13, _s._ farm.

Fermer, 19/18, _s._ farmer.

Fetches, 64/2, _s. pl._ tricks, stratagems. Harrison, Descript. of Eng., has: "it be a vertue to deal without anie suspicious _fetches_," p. 115, ed. 1587.

Fetherfew, 43/9, _s._ feverfew. So named from its supposed febrifugal qualities. A.S. _feferfuge_.

Fetters, 17/21, _s. pl._ chains for the feet.

Fewell, 50/30, _s._ fuel. O. Fr. _fouaille_, from L. Lat. _focale_, from Lat. _focus_, a hearth.

Fide, 21/21, _pp._ purified, cleansed.

Fie, 20/21, _v._ cleanse. Icel. _fægja_. Cf. Ger. _fegen_.

Fieing, 53/18, _v._ cleaning out. Feying, "Cleaning a Ditch or Pond, so as the water may come clear."--T.R. See _Fie_.

Fiemble, 55/8, _adj._ a corruption of _female_, the female hemp.

*Fierbote, 65, _s._ the right to take wood for burning. See Peacock's Gloss. of Manley and Corringham, E.D.S.

Filbeards, 34/9, _s. pl._ filberts. Various derivations have been given for this word: one, the most probable, from _full_ and _beard_, referring to the long _beard_ or husk with which it is provided: cf. Ger. _bart-nusz_ = _bearded nut_.

Filbellie, 10/40, _s._ extravagance in food.

Filchers, 10/54, _s. pl._ pilferers. Scot. pilk = to pick. "She has pilkit his pouch."--Jamieson.

Filcheth, 63/13, _v. pr. t._ steals, pilfers.

*Fildes, 38, _s. pl._ fields.

Fisgig, 77/8, _s._ a worthless fellow: a light-heeled wench.--Craven. "A fisgig, or fisking housewife, _trotière_."--Howell, 1660. Still in use in Lincolnshire.

Fishdaie, 10/51, _s._ a day in which fish is allowed to be eaten, but no flesh.

Fitchis, 53/11, _s. pl._ tares, vetches.

Fitly, 92/3, _adj._ suitable, fit.

Flacks, 50/16, _s._ flax. A.S. _fleax_. O. H. Ger. _flaks_.

Flaies, 18/3 _s. pl._ flails.

Flap, 85/7, _s._ a stroke with the flail.

Flawnes, 90/5, _s. pl._ "A custard, generally made in raised paste. Fr. _flan_, a custard or egg-pie." "A _flawne_ or custard."--Baret's Alvearie, 1580.

Fleering, 64/17, _v. pr. p._ laughing, grinning. "To _fleer_ and scorn at our solemnity."--Shakspere, Rom. and Jul. i. 5. "I _fleere_, I make an yvell countenaunce with the mouthe by vncoveryng of the tethe."--Palsgrave.

Fleming, 37/22, Flemming, 18/37, _s._ Dutchmen, Dutch coasting traders.

Flixe, 18/41, _s._ a flux.

Floted, 49/1, _v. pt. t._ skimmed off the cream. "Flet, as mylke or other lyke, _despumatus_."--Prompt. Parv. "_Escréme_, fleeted as milk."--Cotgrave.

*Flotte, 72/_e_, _pp._ skimmed.

Flower, 52/14, _s._ ? floor.

Flower armor, 43/10, _s._ The "floure gentill or purple velvet floure."--Lyte's Dodoens, p. 168. Fr. _Floramor_, in Cotgrave _la noble fleur_, from its resemblance to the plumes worn by people of rank. _Amaranthus tricolor_.

Flower gentle, 43/12, _s._ a species of Amaranth. _Amaranthus spinosa_.

Flower de luce, 43/11, _s._ Iris, or flower-de-luce. Fr. _fleur-de-lis_. A plant of the genus _Iris_, in particular _Iris pseudacorus_, the yellow Iris or water flag.

Foison, 35/4; Foizon, 114/37, _s._ plenty. "Foyzon is winter food."--T.R. Fr. _foison_, from Lat. _fusionem_, from _fundere_. Cotgrave gives "_Foison_: f. store, plentie, abundance, great fullnesse, enough." The word still exists in the Scotch _foison_ or _fusion_, and the adj. _fusionless_ or _fissenless_. Forby explains it as "Succulency, natural nutritive moisture," as _e.g._ "there is no _foison_ in this hay."

Foistines, 57/5; Foistnes, 21/5; Foystines, 20/5, _s._ mustiness, mould. O. Fr. _fust_, a cask, _fusté_, tasting or smelling of the cask, musty.

Foisty, 19/39, _adj._ musty.

Fondlie, 10/26; Fondly, 67/9, _adv._ foolishly. _Fon_ = to play the fool. Jamieson, Scott. Dict.

For, 9/9, _prep._ in spite of, regardless of.

For, 9/18. Here and in numerous instances in Tusser _for_ means "for fear of," "to prevent."

Forbearer, 13/3, _s._ one who refuses.

Forborne, 13/2, _pp._ withheld, refused.

*Forehorse, 94, _s._ one who is always in advance with his work, never behindhand; the opposite to a procrastinator.

Forke, 22/9, _s._ pitchfork, hayfork.

*Fornight, 51, _s._ a fortnight.

Forrough, 16/15, _s._ furrow. A.S. _furh_.

Foyson, 10/6, _s._ plenty. See Foison.

Fough, 102/5, _interject_, faugh! phew! an exclamation.

Fraid, 2/8, _v. pt. t._ frightened, made afraid.

Fraie, 53/22, _s._ quarrel, fray.

Fraight, 114/24, _s._ freight, cargo.

Frailnes, 10/62, _s._ frailty, uncertainty.

Frame, 57/1, _v._ make.

Framed, 2/15, _pp._ arranged, composed.

Fransie, 88/4, _s._ madness.

Fraud, 62/15, _v._ obtain by fraud.

Fraught, 64/5, _pp._ laden, freighted.

Fray, 77/4, _s._ disturbance, trouble.

Freat, 23/2, _v. imp._ be vexed.

Freat, 51/11, _v._ damage, decay, eat away.

"As doth an hidden moth The inner garment _fret_." --Spenser, Faery Queene, ii. 34.

See Wedgwood's Dict. _s.v._ Fret.

Freeseth, 35/1, _v. pr. t._ freezes. A.S. _freosan_. O. Icel. _friosa_. Dan. _fryse_.

Frier, 86/14, _s._ friar.

Fritters, 90/3 _s. pl._ small pancakes with apples in them. "Frytoure, _lagana_ (a pancake)."--Prompt. Parv. "A fritter or pancake; a kind of bread for children, as _fritters_ and wafers."--Baret's Alvearie, 1580.

Froth, 35/3, _adj._ tender, perhaps originally = pulpy.

Frower, 17/8, _s._ a frow, an iron instrument for rending or splitting laths. Also called _Frommard_.

Fumetorie, 44/7; Fumentorie, 91/3, _s._ Fumitory. _Fumaria officinalis_, so called from its rank disagreeable smell: formerly used as an anti-scorbutic: it is called _erthesmok_ [earthsmoke] in MS. Sloane 5, f. 5.

Furmentie pot, 90/7, _s._ hulled wheat boiled in milk, and seasoned with cinnamon, sugar, etc. See note E458.

G

Gadding, 10/51, _v._ going about gossipping.

Gaffe, 22/18, _v._ man, gaffer. "Formerly a common mode of address, equivalent to _friend, neighbour_."--Halliwell.

Gage, 94/13, _s._ pawn, sweepeth to gage = hurries to pledge or place in pawn.

*Gage, 53, _v._ assert, maintain.

Galling, 57/31, _v._ causing sore or bare places.

Gallond, 19/42, _s._ gallon.

Gap, 114/20, _s._ an opening, cause.

Gaping, 57/45, _pr. p._ being greedy, grasping.

Garlike, 21/12, _s._ garlic.

Garmander, 42/8, _s._ germander. Fr. _gamandrée_, from Lat. _chamædrys_.

Garson, 33/41, _s._ boy, lad. Fr. _garçon_.

Gasing, 99/1, _pr. p._ gazing, staring.

Gate, 64/17, _s._ walk, gait.

Gayler, 86/11, _s._ guardian, housekeeper.

Geanie, 2/6, _adj._ profitable, useful. A.S. _gægn_, fit, suitable. Robert de Brunne in his History of England, 3376, has, "a _geiner_ way" = a more direct advantageous way. Scot. _gane_, fit, useful. Lanc. _gainest_ way = the shortest cut.

Geld, 15/17, _s._ castrate, spay.

*Gentiles, 17, _s. pl._ gentle-folk.

Gentilie, 9/14, _adv._ kindly, with proper respect.

Gentils, 49/_c_, _s. pl._ gentles, maggots.

Gentlenes, 102/7, _s._ gentlemanly manners.

Gently, 102/7, _adv._ as gentlemen, in a gentlemanly manner.

Gentrie, 114/33, _s._ true nobility.

Gesse, 114/1, _v. imp._ guess, believe.

Gest, 4/2, _s._ a guest. A.S. _gest_.

Get, 9/5, _v._ earn.

Gettings, 9/5, _s._ earnings.

Giddie braine, 10/23, _adj._ giddy, unsteady.

Giles, 114/18, _s. pl._ traps, deceits.

Gillet, 50/30, _s._ lad. Gael, _gille, giolla_, a lad. Halliwell gives "an instrument for thatching" as the meaning in this passage, but why, I do not know.

Gillian spendal, 23/18, wasteful, careless housekeeper.

Giloflowers, 15/42, _s. pl._ carnations, pinks. Fr. _giroflée_, from Lat. _caryophyllus_, a clove, from the clove-like smell of the flowers.--Wedgwood.

Gin, 10/19, _s._ trap.

Ginnes, 106/22, _s. pl._ means, contrivances.

Ginnie, 90/5, Jenny.

Ginny, 33/38, _s._ a name for a filly. Mavor reads Jilly.

Gise, 97/4, _s._ fashion, way.

Gloues, 57/9, _s. pl._ gloves.

God night, 18/49. A phrase equivalent to "it is all over," "it is too late."

Goef, 55/4, _s._ the stack or rick.

Goeler, 46/4, _adj._ "The Goeler is the yellower, which are the best setts, old roots (of hops) being red."--T.R. A.S. _geolewe_.

Gofe, 56/20, _s._ rick, stack. In Addit. MS. 1295, a Lat. Eng. Vocab. written in Norfolk in the 15th century, occur "_Gelimo_, to golue, _Ingelimum_, golfe." Palsgrave gives "a _goulfe_ of corne."

Gofe ladder, 17/1, _s._ a ladder for hay ricks.

Gole, 115/3, _s._ goal, prize.

Goom, 33/59, _s._ gum.

Goordes, 41/5, _s. pl._ gourds. Lat. _cucurbita_.

Gossep, 94/7, _s._ gossips, companions.

Got, 114/16, _pp._ caught.

Gotten, 10/4, _pp._ earned, acquired.

Gould, 3/3, _s._ gold, money.

Goue, 57/10, _pp._ laid up in the barn in the straw. Another form of _Goaf_. "_Goulfe_ of corne, so moche as may lye betwene two postes."--Palsgrave. Dan. _gulve_ = to lay corn sheaves on the floor, from Dan. _gulv_, a floor.

Gouing, 57/23, _v._ laying up in the barn in the straw. See Goue.

Graffing, 46/10, _s._ grafting. O. Fr. _grafe_, from Lat. _graphium_, a pencil, from the resemblance of the graft to a pointed pencil.

Grassebeefe, 12/4, _s._ beef of an ox fattened upon grass.

Grate, 10/29, _s._ prison (grating).

Greaseth, 68/2, _v. pr. t._ bribes, enriches.

Great, 57/8, by great = task or piece-work, in contradistinction to _day_-work.

Greedie gainfull, 2/13, _adj._ greedy for gain.

Greefe, 89/8, _s._ trouble, worry.

Gregorie, 46/2. St. Gregory's Day, 12th March.

Grinstone, 17/8, _s._ grindstone.

Gromel, 45/9, _s._ the plant Gromwell. _Lithospermum arvense_, Linn.

Grosest, 19/18, _adj._ heaviest, thickest, Fr. _gros_.

Grosse, 18/18, _adj._ coarse.

Grossum caput, 95/1, a blockhead, stupid.

Grotes, 33/46, _s. pl._ money (groats). L. Ger. grot = a large piece (of money), so called because before this coin was issued by Edward III., the English had no larger silver coin than the penny.

Gruch, 57/19; Grutch, 86/2, _v._ grudge. O. Fr. _grouchier_, to grumble.

Grutching, 10/8, _s._ grumbling.

Guise, 89/12, *Guyse, 5, _s._ habit, custom.

Gunstone, 10/19, _s._ a ball of stone, used in heavy artillery before the introduction of iron shot.--Nares' Gloss.

Gutted, 46/4, _pp._ taken off from the old roots.

*Gutting, 27, _v._ cutting up, making ruts in.

H.

Haberden, 23/12, _s._ "that kind of cod which is usually salted."--Nares. ? Aberdeen haddocks.

Hacking, 53/15, _v._ hewing down, cutting of trees.

Had I wist, 77/8, lit. "had I known:" foole had I wist = foolish and useless regrets.

*Haft, 60, _v. imp._ "Act like a miser, be a niggard. The sentence then reads 'Be not niggardly towards God of the goods He sends you.' _Haft_, to grasp (an extension of the verb _to have_), and hence to save, be a niggard, is preserved in _hafter_, a miser, saver; which see in my Notes to P. Plowman, l. 197, p. 117. See nine examples of this word in Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii. 108."--Note by Rev. W. W. Skeat. The word, however, seems to bear even a stronger meaning, for Cooper, in his "Thesaurus," 1584, has "_Cauilla_, a mocke, a scoffe, an haftyng question, a cauill." The words "haft not to godward" thus may mean "do not grumble at, find fault with, or question the justice of what God sends you."

Haie, 63/24, _s._ hay. A.S. _haga_.

Haier, 57/51, _s._ cloth made of goats' hair.

Haile, 15/34, _adj._ sound, strong. A.S. _hæl_.

Hailoft, 89/6, _s._ hay-lofts.

Haithorne, 34/28, _s._ hawthorn. A.S. _hagaþorn_ from _haga_ = hedge, haw. Ger. _hagedorn_.

Hallomas, 23/1, _s._ the Feast of All Saints. Hallowmas, _i.e._ All Saints' Day, Nov. 1, was, in Tusser's time, ten days nearer the winter solstice than now.

Hallontide, 21/1. All Saints' Day, 1st November.

Handsome, 48/18, _adj._ useful, ready, _handy_. A.S. _hand, hond_, the hand. Prompt. Parv. gives "handsum, _manualis_."

Handsomly, 21/24, _adv._ neatly, trimly.

Hardhead, 71/4, _adj._ hardy, brave.

Hardlie, 10/50, _adv._ with difficulty.

Harlots, 74/4, _s. pl._ tramps, vagrants, or disreputable characters of either sex. "An harlott, _balator, rusticus_."--Cathol. Anglicum.

Harmes, 16/15, _s._ in harm's way, in danger.

Harolds Booke, 114/11, _s. pl._ the Books of the College of Heralds.

Hart, 19/13, _s._ strength, fertility.

Harted, 48/17, _pp._ provided with a good heart, or, as we should now say, a good bottom; strengthened.

*Harthe, 65, _s._ hearth.

Hartilie, 10/55, _adj._ hearty.

Hartstong, 45/10, _s._ the Heartstongue, _Ceterach officinarum_, so called from the shape of the frond.

Hastings, 18/32, _s. pl._ an early variety of peas, "soone ripe, soone rotten."--D. Rogers' Naaman.

Hauke, 56/44, _s._ hawking, falconry.

Haunt, 67/14, _v._ follow, pursue, be accustomed. O. Fr. _hanter_, to pursue.

Haunting, 16/31, _adj._ frequenting, in the habit of coming.

Hauocke, 77/3, _s._ havoc, waste.

Hawe, 36/13, _s._ the berries of the hawthorn, hips.

Hawme, 55/14, _s._ haulm, straw. "Haulm, straw left in an esh or gratten; stubble, thatch. Sax. hælme, _culmus, calamus_. Icel. halmur, _palea_."--Bish. Kennett's MS. Ray gives "haulm or helm, stubble gathered after the corn is inned."

Hazard, 23/11, _s._ danger.

Heale, 19/37, _v._ to recover, be cured.

Healthsom, 11/8, _adj._ healthy, invigorating.

*Heare, 41, _s._ hair.

Hearesaie, 2/10, _s._ hearsay, report.

Hearie, 49/7, _adj._ hairy, full of hairs. A.S. _hær._ O. Icel. _här_, hair.

Heate, 76/2, _pp._ heated, hot.

Heawers, 47/8, _s. pl._ woodcutters. A.S. _heawan_, to cut.

Hed, 89/9, _s._ head, mind.

Hedlonds, 52/17, _s. pl._ headlands.

Hew, 113/1, _s._ colour, "changed hew" = have changed, become unfavourable.

Hew prowler, 35/25. "Hugh Prowler is our Author's name for a night-walker."--T.R.

Hid, 2/11, _s._ care, heed. A.S. _hédan_.

Hier, 23/9, _s._ business, duty.

Hight, 114/3, _v. pt. t._ was called, named. O. Eng. _higt, higte_. A.S. _hâtte_ from _hatan_, to call, name.

Hilback, 10/40, _s._ cover back, _i.e._ clothes, extravagance in dress. Kennett, MS. Lansdowne 1033.--Halliwell. A.S. _hilan, helan_, to cover.

Hindring, 88/3, _v._ injuring, damaging.

Hir, 35/51, _poss. pr._ their. A.S. _heor_.

Hobbard de Hoy, 60/3, _s._ a lad approaching manhood. "Hober-de-hoy, half a man and half a boy."--Ray's Gloss.

Hogscote, 17/21, _s._ a pen or sty for hogs.

Holds, 33/40, _v. pr. t._ equals, gains equal.

Holiokes, 43/15, _s. pl._ hollyhocks. A.S. _holihoc_.

Homelie, 1/2, _adj._ plain, homely, unpretending.

Hone, 46/9, _s._ "a common rubber or whetstone."--T.R.

Honie, 106/4, _adj._ sweet.

Horehound, 45/11, _s._ horehound. A.S. _hara-hune_, or possibly a corruption of Lat. _urinaria_, the plant being considered a sovereign remedy in cases of strangury and dysuria.

Horselock, 17/21, _s._ shackles for horses' feet.

Horseteeme, 17/10, _s._ team of horses.

Hostis, 10/8, _s. pl._ entertainers.

Housholdry, 9/11, _s._ furniture and articles for domestic use.

Houell, 52/8, _s._ barn, outhouse.

Houen, 49/4, _pp._ swelled. A.S. _hebban, hefan_ (pp. _hofen_), to heave, raise. O. H. Ger. _hevan_.

Hower, 107/4, _s._ hour.

Howse, 57/32, _v. imp._ house.

Hoy, 57/13, _v. imp._ drag, frighten, drive away by crying, "hoy, hoy!"

Hull, 36/23, _s._ holly.

Huluer, 48/10, _s._ holly. O. Icel. _hulfr_.

Hurtilberies, 34/13, _s. pl._ the hurtle-berry or whortleberry, bilberry.

Hutch, 10/47, _s._ money chest or box. A.S. hwæca = chest, an unauthorised (? invented) form, due to Somner. O. Fr. _houche_.

I.

*Iayle, 88, _s._ a gaol, prison.

Ictus sapit, 2/8. Lat. Prov. See Note E15.

Indian eie, 43/16, _s._ the Pink, so called from the eye-shaped marking of the corolla.

Inholder, 97/1, _s._ innkeeper.

Inned, 23/19, _pp._ saved, housed.

Intreating, 88/5, _s._ treatment.

Inuest, 11/8, _v._ surround.

Ise, 112/2, _s._ ice.

Isop, 42/9, _s._ hyssop. A name assigned in the Authorised Version of the Bible to the caper.

Ist, 5/3, is it.

Iuie, 50/6, *Iuye, 42, _s._ ivy. A.S. _ifig_.

J.

Jack, 17/20, _s._ a horse or wooden frame upon which wood is sawn.

Jack, 85/10, _s._ a drinking vessel containing half a pint according to Grose, and quarter of a pint according to Pegge, and Peacock's Gloss. of Manley and Corringham.

Jade, 17/3, _s._ an ill-tempered horse.

Janting, 87/3, _v._ driving. Cotgrave gives another form of the word in English. "_lancer un cheval_. To stirre a horse in the stable till hee sweat withall; or (as our) to iaunt; an old word." "Jaunt" is found in Romeo and Juliet, ii. 5, 26, "What a _jaunt_ have I had!" and in line 53 of the same scene:

"To catch my death with _jaunting_ up and down."

Cf. also Richard II. v. 5, 94.

Jarring, 88/3, _s._ quarrelling, scolding.

Jerke, 64*/9, _s._ stroke, blow. See Yerke.

Jet, 114/38, _v._ strut about, walk proudly. Fr. _jetter_.

"Along the streetes as he doth _jetting_ passe, His outside showes him for an inward asse." --Rowland's Knave of Hearts, 1613.

Jettie, 68/1, _v._ walk or strut about.

Jobbing, 37/12, _v._ pecking. "As an ass with a galled back was feeding in a meadow, a raven pitched upon him, and their sate _jobbing_ of the sore."--L'Estrange's Esop.

John Baptist, 12/4. The feast of St. John the Baptist, 24th June.

Jornie, 57/38, _v. pr. t._ go on a journey, start.

Just, 57/10, _adv._ neatly, trimly.

K.

Karle hempe, 15/24, _s._ the male hemp. See Glossary of Manley and Corringham (E. D. Soc. No. VI.), by E. Peacock.

Keies, 89/3, _s. pl._. keys, locks.

Kell, 57/51, _s._ hop-kiln.

Kerue, 114/32, _v._ (carve), set out, arrange.

Kest, 11/3, _v. imp._ cast, turn.

Kiffe, 10/30, _s._ kith, kindred, relations.

Kinde, 46/20, _s._ nature, natural way. A.S. _cynd_.

Kirnels, 36/13, _s. pl._ pips, seeds. A.S. _cyrnel_.

Knacker, 58/5, _s._ a cart, collar and harness maker, chiefly employed by farmers.

Knackes, 86/7, _s. pl._ knickknacks, trifles.

Knap, 85/11, _v. imp._ rap, knock.

Knauerie, 9/13, _s._ roguery, craft, deceit.

Knede, 74/5, _v. imp._ knead. A.S. _cnedan_. O. H. Ger. _chnetan_.

Kniueles, 98/1, _adj._ having no knives. "When knives were not laid for the guests, as at the present period, they would use their daggers to carve with, which were harmless as to any other purpose."--Mavor.

Knot, 22/22, _s._ flower-beds laid out in fanciful shapes. See Bacon's Essay Of Gardens, ed. W. A. Wright, p. 189: "As for the making of _knots_, or figures, with divers coloured earths, that they may lie under the windowes of the house, on that side, which the garden stands, they be but toyes." Compare also Love's Labour's Lost, i. 1, 249: "Thy curious-_knotted_ garden;" and Milton's Paradise Lost, iv. 242:

"Flowers worthy of Paradise, which not nice art In beds and curious _knots_, but nature boon Pour'd forth profuse."

And Shakspere, Richard II. iii. 4, 46.

Knotted, 42/13, _adj._ jointed. "The _knotted_ rush-ringes, and gilte Rosemaree."--Spenser, Shep. Cal. November.

L.

Lackey, 87/3, servant, messenger.

Lag, 20/15, _v. pr. t._ pilfer, steal.

Lagged, 36/25, _pp._ caught.

Laggoose, 85/4, _s._ laggard, lazy.

Laie, 4/1, 9/32, _v._ plan, intend, purpose.

Laie, 35/46, Lay, 35/48, _s._ untilled land, grass land, lea.

Laier, 63/4, _s._ soil, ground.

Laier, 20/27, _s._ beds, litter.

Lammas, 50/36, _s._ Lammas Day, the 1st August. A.S. _hlâfmaesse_. O. Eng. _loafmas_, the bread-feast or feast of first fruits.

Lamming, 35/21, _s._ lambing.

Lams, 51/1, _s._ lambs.

Langdebiefe, 39/16, _s._ Wild bugloss. See Mr. Britten's note, E205.

Larkes foot, 43/18, _s._ Larkspur, or Larksclaw. _Delphinium_, Linn.

Lash, 63/20, _s._ dirt, mud; leaue in the lash = leave in the lurch, or, perhaps, in the snare, trap. See next word.

Lash, 10/15, _s._ the leash in which an animal is caught or held, hence "to run in the lash" = to fall into the snare.

Lasheth, 23/18, _v. pr. t._ lavisheth, wastes.

Lashinglie, 9/6, _adv._ lavishly, freely.

Lash out, 9/6, _v._ lavish, spend.

Laster, 85/10, _s._ is no laster = will not or does not last, i.e. is soon broken.

Launders, 83/2, _s. pl._ washers, laundresses.

Lauender cotten, 42/12, _s._ the Garden cypres, _Chamæcyparissus_.--Lyte's Dodoens, ed. 1578, p. 29.

Lauender spike, 42/11, _s._ spike lavender, _Lavandula spica_, from M. Lat. _lavendula_, from _lavare_ = to wash, as being the plant used to scent newly-washed linen, whence the expression of "laid up in lavender." The essential oil distilled from this plant, which is nearly allied to the common Lavender, is called in French Essence d'Aspic, and in English Oil of Spike. It is used in porcelain painting and in veterinary medicine. See Pharmacographia, p. 430.

Lawe, 56/2, _s._ rule, for a lawe = as a rule.

Laxe, 19/41, _s._ looseness, diarrhœa. See Cowlaske.

Lay, 10/60, _v. pr. t._ plan, try.

Lay land, 33/49, _s._ untilled lands. "Lay lande, _terre nouvellement labourée_."--Palsgrave.

Lead, 56/14, _s._ a cauldron, copper, or kettle. Gaelic _luchd_ = a pot, kettle. "That stemede as a forneys of a _leede_."--Chaucer, Prologue to C. T. l. 202. "Make þe broys in þe _led_."--Havelok, ed. Skeat, 924.

Lease, 33/49, _s._ a pasture. "A lease is a name used in some countries for a small piece of ground of two or three acres."--T.R. O.E. _leswen_, to pasture, from A.S. _læsu_, a pasture, _lǽswian_, to pasture.

Leaueled, 46/7, _pp._ levelled, measured.

Leauens, 89/10, _s. pl._ the barm and meal laid together for fermentation: _to lay the leavens or leavance_ = to put them together for that purpose. See Halliwell, s.v. Leavance.

Leese, 56/47, _v. imp._ lose, miss.

Leete, 86/10, _s._ a manor court.

Lemmans, 40/2_a_, _s. pl._ lemons. Arabic _laimûn_.

Lent stuffe, 63/36, _s._ provisions for Lent.

Lesse, 2/8, _s._ lease, term. Fr. _lais, laissement_, the lease or instrument by which a holding of any kind is let (_laissé_) to a tenant.

Let, 57/50, _s._ hindrance, obstacle.

Letted, 23/2, _pp._ hindered, delayed.

Lettis, 39/18, _s._ lettuce. Lat. _lectuca_, from Greek γαλὰ [Greek: gala] gen. γάλακτος [Greek: galaktos], milk, and ἔχω [Greek: echo], to contain, through _lattouce_, an older form (still retained in Scotland).

"Letuce of lac derivyed is perchaunce; Ffor mvlk it hath or yeveth abundaunce." --Palladius on Husbondrie, E. E. Text Soc. ed. Lodge, 51/216.

Leuer, 50/9, _adv._ sooner, rather. A.S. _leofer_.

Lick, 23/6, _v._ lick themselves.

Licoras, 45/13, _s._ liquoras.

Licour, 22/23, _s._ water, drink.

Lide, 114/3, _v. pt. t._ lay, was situate.

Lie in the dust, 10/32, cease, be done away with.

Lieng alonge, 19/25, lying at a distance.

Linage, 114/3, _s._ lineage, family.

Lightly, 46/20, _adv._ easily.

Likest, 35/34, _adj._ most likely, promising.

Lillium cum-vallium, 43/20, _s._ Lily of the valley, or Lily-convally. Lat. _Lilium convallium_, a name taken from Canticles ii. 1, "I am the lily of the valleys."

Line, 17/5, _s._ rope (?).

Ling, 57/36, _s._ a fish (_Lota molva_) resembling a cod, but longer and more slender. When salted, it is extensively used for food in Scotland and Ireland. Fr. _lingue_, O. Dutch, _linghe_.

Linne, 97/3, _s._ the town of Lynn. "To purchase Lynn" seems to have been a proverbial mode of expression used in ridicule of stinginess.--Mavor.

Linnen, 94/13, _s._ linen.

Litherly, 85/8, _adj._ lazy, idle.

Lively spide, 3/2, quickly seen.

Liuerwort, 39/20, _s._ so called from the _liver_ shape of the thallus. Lyte (Dodoens, ed. 1587, p. 411) tells us it is "a sovereign medicine against the heate and inflammation of the liver."

Loiterers, 2/6, _s. pl._ hangers on, dependents.

*Lone, 10, _s. pl._ a loan, grant from God.

Longing, 16/10, _s._ desire, what it requires.

Longwort, 39/19, _s._ lungwort, _Pulmonaria maculosa_.

Looke, 5/1, 10/4, _v._ look for, seek, expect.

Loose, 57/22, _v. pr. t._ lose, waste.

Lop, 33/13, _s._ the faggot wood of a tree.

Lordlie, 113/3, _adv._ to live in a lordly or grand style.

Losels, 63/12, _s. pl._ worthless, abandoned fellows. Prompt. Parv. has "Lorel or losel, or ludene, _lurco_."

Louage, 45/12, _s._ Lovage. _Ligusticum Scoticum_, Linn.

Lowe, 23/24, _adj._ not advanced, if Spring is taken to mean the _season_; or, not grown up, if Spring is the _young grass_.

Lowe, 63/11, _adv._ low, feeding so lowe = to allow the flocks to eat the pasture too low or short.

Lower, 20/17, _v._ scowl, look discontented.

Lubberlie, 9/16, _adj._ lazy, idle. "Thither this lusking _lubber_ softly creeped." _Tom Tel Troth's Message_, New Shak. Soc. ed. F. J. Furnivall, p. 128. "_Baligaut, m._ an vnweldie _lubber_, great lobcocke, huge luske, mishapen lowt, ill-fauoured flabergullion."--Cotgrave.

Lubbers, 57/22, _s. pl._ louts, awkward fellows. Welsh _llob_ = a heavy lump, _llabi_ = a looby. Gaelic _leobhair_ = a lubber.--Wedgwood.

Lug, 87/4, _v._ drag, draw.

Lurched, 23/3, _pp._ robbed of their food, being left in the _lurch_.

Lurching, 88/7, _s._ greediness. L. Lat. _lurcare_, to swallow food greedily. "To _lurch_, devour, or eate greadily, _ingurgito_."--Baret's Alvearie. Cf. Bacon's Essays, xlv.

Lurke, 86/1, _v._ idle, loiter about.

Lurketh, 62/9, _v. pr. t._ lounge, dawdle about. The same as Lusk. Harman, p. 82, speaks of "lewtering luskes and lazy lorrels."

Lust, 15/10, _s._ desire.

Lustie, 60/5, _adj._ strong, lusty.

M.

Mads, 50/4, _s. pl._ maggots, worms. Another form of _moth_.

Magget the py, 49/9, the magpie. See note E300.

Maides, 90/3, _s. pl._ maidens, girls.

Maierom, 42/13, _s._ marjoram, from Lat. _majorana_, with the change of _n_ to _m_, as in "Holm, Lime," etc.

Maine, 19/17, _adj. = meint_, i.e. _mixed_ wheat. See _Mung_ or _muncorn_ in Halliwell.

Mainecombe, 17/3, _s._ a comb for horses' manes.

Maine sea, 14/4, the ocean, the high sea. Cf. the expression "the Spanish main."

Male, 102/4, _s._ mail-bag, portmanteau, or sack.

Mallow, 33/6, _s._ the field mallow.

Mams, 95/5, _s. pl._ mothers, mammas.

Manerly, 85/11, _adj._ polite, decent.

Mar, 95/2, _v._ spoil, ruin.

*Marefoles, 53, _s. pl._ fillies.

Marke, 17/17, _s._ marking tool.

Marres, 20/14, _v. pr. t._ spoils, interrupts.

Marrow, 57/40, _s._ a mate, companion. "Marwe, or felawe yn trauayle or mate, _socius, compar, sodalis_."--Prompt. Parv. See Towneley Mysteries, p. 110, and quotations in Craven Glossary and Jamieson.

Marsh men, 17/19, _s. pl._ farmers in the fen and marshy country.

Martilmas, 12/3. The feast of St. Martin, 11th November. See Note E60.

Mast, 63/5, _s._ the fruit of the oak and beech and other forest trees. A.S. _mǽst_. Ger. _mast_, from Gothic _matan_, to nourish.

Mastlin, 63/23, _s._ mixed corn. See Mestlen.

Mates, 114/30, _s. pl._ companions.

Mawdlin, 49/_c_, _s._ Magdalene.

Mawdelin, 42/14, _s._ Maudlin. _Balsamita fæminea_.--Gerard's Herball.

Meade, 63/3, _s._ meadow. A.S. _mǽd, meadu_, genitive, _meadewes_.

Meake, 17/14, _s._ "a hook at the end of a handle five foot long."--T.R. "A _meag_ or _meak_, a pease-hook."--Ray. Also in Coles' Dict. 1676.

Meane, 114/25, means, help.

Meanie, 2/6, _adj._ many.

Measling, 16/23, becoming measly. "_Masyl_ or _mazil_, sekenesse."--Prompt. Parv.

Measure, 68/9, _v._ be moderate, be within measure.

Meated, 17/12, _pp._ fed.

Meateth, 62/7, _v. pr. t._ feeds, supports.

Medcin, 33/19, _s._ medicine.

Meedeful, 87/7, _adj._ thankful.

Meedes, 106/4, _s. pl._ meadows. See Meade.

Mendbreech, 89/6, _s._ one who sits up late at night to mend his clothes.

Mercurie, 39/22, _s._ Mercury, or Good King Henry, is largely grown by cottagers in Lincolnshire. This plant, the _Chenopodium bonus henricus_ of botanists, bears tender young leaves resembling spinach, which, when cooked, are but little inferior in flavour to the finest asparagus. It is a robust-growing perennial, and, when once planted in deep, rich soil, requires no further cultural attention than a dressing of well-decomposed manure during the winter.

Mestlen, 37/21, _s._ a mixture of wheat and rye. "Mastilȝone, _bigermen, mixtilio_."--Cath. Ang. "_Framois_, meslin of oats and barlie mixed." "_Meteil_, messling or misslin, wheat and rie mingled."--Cotgrave.

Mew, 36/26, _s._ a cage for moulting.

Michel, 33/32, Mihel, 57/25, Mihell, 12/4, _s._ Michaelmas. The feast of St. Michael and All Angels, 29th September.

Michers, 10/15, _s. pl._ lurking thieves, skulkers. "Mecher, a lytell thefe, _laronceau_."--Palsgrave. Now common as a term for a truant. Cf. Shak. I Henry IV. ii. 4: "Shall the blessed sun of heaven prove a _micher_ and eat blackberries."

Mickle, 68/1, _adj._ great, much.

Mier, 107/4, _s._ mire, filth. A.S. _myre._

*Mier, 38, Mierie, 114/27, _adj._ filthy, muddy.

Mihelmas, 57/44, Michaelmas.

*Millons, 72/_c, s. pl._ melons. See Musk Million.

Mind, 68/5, _v._ notice, comment on.

Mind, 63/1, _v. pr. t._ intend, have in mind, wish.

Minion, 66/4, _adj._ pleasant, agreeable, favourite. Fr. _mignon_. L. Lat. _mignonetus, gratissimus, minna,_ love.

Minnekin, 10/20, _adj._ little, perhaps with the idea of the modern contracted form "minx."

Miring, 23/3, _v._ being stuck in bogs.

Mis, 16/8, _v._ want, be without.

Mischiefe, 23/4, _v._ hurt, injure.

Mischieued, 10/36, _adj._ unfortunate, ruined.

Misdeeme, 30/3, _v._ misjudge. A.S. _deman_, to judge.

Mislike, 23/16, _v._ displease, not suit.

Mistle, 33/12, _s._ mistletoe. A.S. _mistel_. O. H. Ger. _mistil_.

Mitch, 17/17, _adj._ large.

Mite, 63/20, _s._ the smallest piece. A.S _mite_.

Mo, 33/57, _adj._ more, others. A.S. _mâ_.

Moether, 17/13, Mother, 16/14, _s._ a girl. A woman and her mawther = a woman and her daughter. "Moder, servaunte or wench."--Prompt. Parv.

Mogwort, 45/15, _s._ mugwort, _Artemisia vulgaris_, Linn.

Moile, 4/1, _v._ to work hard, drudge. Lat. _moliri_, to struggle. "In the earth we _moile_ with hunger, care and paine."--Mirror for Magist. ed. 1610.

Molding, 55/4, _v._ becoming musty, or mouldy.

Mome, 62/3, _s._ blockhead, fool. "A gull, a ninny, a _mome_."--Florio, p. 81. "A youth will play the wanton, and an olde man proove a _mome_."--Drayton, Skeltoniad.

Mone, 67/1, _s._ complaint, lamentation.

Mooueth, 94/7, _v. pr. t._ moves or exerts herself, plans.

Mother, 16/14, _s._ a girl. See Moether.

Moulspare, 17/18, _s._ mole spear.

Mow, 17/19, _s._ stack of hay or corn. A.S. _muwa_. L. Lat. _mugium_.

Mowles, 36/17, _s. pl._ moles.

Mowse, 38/3, _v. pr. t._ mouth, bite.

Mowth, 57/25, _v._ eat.

Muck, 51/13, _s._ manure.

Mulley, 57/46, a common name for a cow in Suffolk.

Mungrels, 46/3, _s. pl._ cur dogs, mongrels. A.S. _menegan_, to mix, hence an animal of a mixed breed, a hybrid.

Musk Million, 40/8, _s._ the musk melon. "Pickled cowcombers I have bought a pecke for threepence, and _musk mellions_, there hath beene cast five or sixe loads of them in one day to their hogs."--Taylor's Works, 1630. See Lyte's Dodoens, p. 590.

Myslen, 16/11, _s._ mixed corn. Mestlyone or monge corne or dragge.--Prompt. Parv. See Dredge and Mestlen.

N.

Nads, 17/9, _s._ an adze.

Naile, 17/8, _s._ nails.

Nall, 17/4, _s._ an awl.

Naughtie, 53/20, _adj._ useless, unfit.

Naughtly, 10/4, _adv._ by unfair or improper means.

Nauewes, 41/6, _s. pl._ wild navew. _Brassica napus_, L. Fr. _naveau_, from _napellus_, dimin. of _napus_ = the rape.

*Nawlt, 32, ? _nawt_, nothing.

Neat, 50/28, _s._ cattle. A.S. _neât_, horned cattle.

Neatherd, 63/2, _s._ herdsman, the man who attends to the cattle.

Needams shore, 97/5. "A punning proverb recorded in Ray; and signifying that waste and extravagance bring a man to want or need."--Mavor.

Needfullie, 9/15, _adv._ necessarily.

Ne forte, 23/10, Latin, lest by chance.

Nep, 39/24, _s._ cat mint, a contraction from the Lat. _nepeta_.

Nest, 11/6, _v._ nestle, settle.

*Nestling, 41, _v._ harbouring, supporting.

Nettie, 68/1, _adj._ natty, neat. O. Fr. _net_, from Lat. _nitidus_.

Nice, 102/1, _adj._ careful, particular.

Nick, 98/4, _v._ cut, notch.

Nie, 16/4, _adj._ near, convenient.

Nips, 114/5, _s. pl._ pinches.

Niggerly, 27/4, _adj._ niggardly, miserly. Icel. _hnöggr_, sparing, miserly. Cf. Ger. _knicker_, a niggard.

Nittes, 21/23, _s. pl._ the eggs of a louse or other insects. A.S. _hnitu_.

Noble, 16/16, _s._ noble, a gold coin of the value of 6_s._ 8_d._

Noddies, 18/20, Nodie, 98/4, _s. pl._ simpletons, fools.

"Ere you come hither, proove I was somebody, The king delighted in me, now I am a _noddy_." --Damon and Pythias, i. 174.

Noe, 7/4, _s._ Noah.

Noiance, 16/8, _s._ injury, trouble.

Noie, 52/15, _v. pr. t._ are injurious, noxious.

Noieth, 57/13, _v. pr. t._ suffer harm or injury.

Noisome, 10/8, _adj._ injurious, damaging.

Norfolk wiles, 114/18, "Essex miles, Suffolk stiles, Norfolk wiles, many men beguiles."--Old East Anglian saw. See note E500.

Nowles, 36/17, _s. pl._ the hillocks, little mounds. A. S. cnoll, _cacumen_. "Nolle, _idem quod_ nodul."--Prompt. Parv.

Noy, 53/15, _v._ hurt, are injurious. See Noie.

Noyer, 13/2, _s._ one that hurts or injures.

Nurteth, 20/28, _v. pr. t._ poke or push with the horns.? connected with Fr. _nuire_, Lat. _nocere_. Halliwell quotes from Gawayne _nirt_ = a cut, hurt.

Nurture, 10/57, _s._ training.

O.

Of, 106/12, _prep._ through, in consequence of.

Of, 106/2, _prep._ out of, from.

Of, 19/22, _prep._ after.

Of, 64*/4, _prep._ with, by means of.

Ofcorne, 86/5, _s._ offal or waste corn.

Office, 99/2, _s._ duty. Lat. _officium_.

Oke, 19/31, _s._ oaks. A.S. _Æc_.

Ope gap, 16/36, hedge or fence breakers.

Open, 16/38, _v._ bark, open his mouth.

Opprest, 19/29, _pp._ troubled, laden.

Opte, 114/22, _v. pt. t._ opened.

*Or and, 18, before. Cf. Er an.

Orach or Arach, 39/26, _s._ Orach. _Atriplex sativa alba. Atriplex sativa purpurea_.--Gerard's Herball, ed. 1633.

Orderlie, 9/8, _adv._ in due order.

Orengis, 40/4_a, s. pl._ oranges. Arabic, _nârandj_. L. Lat. _arantia_, from its first title, _pomum aurantium_, golden apple.

Otemell, 46/26, _s._ oatmeal. A.S. _âta_, oat, and _mæl_, meal.

Otes, 46/13, _s. pl._ oats.

Othing, 94/6, one thing.

Out, 16/17, _adv._ outdoor, open air.

Ouercome, 53/4, _v._ manage, keep up with.

Ouerly, 23/21, _adv._ all over.

Over reaching, 2/11, cheating, deceiving.

Ouerthwart, 46/9, _prep._ across. A.S. _oferþweorh_. O. Eng. _outhwar, thweorh_. O. Norse, _thwert_.

Ox bowes, 17/10, _s. pl._ the bow of wood which goes round the neck of an ox.

Oxboy, 63/15, _s._ the boy who attends to the cattle.

Oxteeme, 17/10, _s._ team of oxen.

Oxyokes, 17/10, _s. pl._ yokes for oxen.

P.

Pad, 17/21, _s._ padlock.

Paggles, 43/25, _s. pl._ cowslip, primrose, paigles. In Suffolk the _Cuckoo flower_. See note E232.

Paier, 17/13, _s._ pair, couple.

Paine, 3/1, _s._ pains, trouble.

Painfull, 77/15, _adj._ painstaking, careful.

Painfull, 2/13, _adj._ full of trouble, requiring care.

Painted, 5/3, _pp._ adorned; the _sermo ornatus_ of Cicero.

Paltrie, 57/30, _adj._ poor, worthless.

Panel, 17/5, _s._ a pannier. A _pannel_ and _ped_ have this difference: the one is much shorter than the other, and raised before and behind, and serves for smaller burdens; the other is longer and made for Burdens of Corn. These are fastened with a leathern Girt called a Wantye.--T.R.

Parasites, 10/27, _s. pl._ flatterers, hangers on.

Pare, 2/7, _v._ injure, damage, impair.

Pared, 46/4, _pp._ cleaned and cleared of all superfluous roots.

Partition, page 2, _s._ division.

Pas, 48/6, _v. pr. t._ care. "As for these silken-coated staves, I _pass_ not."--Shakspere, 2 Henry VI. iv. 2.

Pask, 46/2, _s._ Easter. Lat. _Pascha_.

Passeth, 102/3, _v. pr. t._ think, reflect. See Pas.

Pasties, 90/7, _s. pl._ pies.

Patch, 51/32, _s._ originally a fool, jester, here = the farm labourer. Ital. _pazzo_, which Florio ("New Worlde of Wordes") defines as "foolish, fond, mad, rash, doting, rauing or simple. Also a foole, a gull, an idiot, a mad man, a naturall." By some, however, it is derived from the _patched_ or motley coat of the jester.

Patches, 53/2, _s. pl._ places where the shearer has cut the skin of the sheep, wounds.

Pates, 63/9, _s. pl._ persons.

Pauncies, 43/24, _s._ pansies, heartsease. "There's _pansies_, that's for thoughts."--Shakspere, Hamlet, iv. 5.

Pay, 77/11, _v._ pay home = give a strong, sharp blow.

Peake, 67/27, _v._ to look thin or sickly, "Dwindle, _peak_ and pine."--Shakspere, Macbeth, i. 3.

Pearch, 87/5, _v._ perch, roost.

Peasebolt, 18/38, _s._ "pease in the Hawm or Straw."--T.R.

Peaseetch, 19/5, _s._ the aftermath of a crop of peas. See Etch.

Peasefed, 18/27, _adj._ fed on peas.

Peason, 53/9, _s. pl._ pease.

"Prick _peason_ and beanes, if thy garden be dry, At change of the moone, and in beautiful skye." --Almanack, 1615.

Peccantem, 35/28. See note E178.

Peck, 17/12, _s._ a peck measure.

Ped, 17/5, _s._ a pannier, a large capacious basket, in which fowls, eggs, fish, etc., are hawked about the country. Peder, a small farmer (Lincoln), "Pedde, idem quod panere, _calathus_."--Prompt. Parv. "Pedder, _revolus, negociator_."--Cathol. Anglic. See also Halliwell, sub. voc.

Peeces, 2/7, _s._ pieces, in parts.

Peele, 75/6, _v._ strip. "_Peler_. To bauld, or pull the haire off; also to pill, pare, barke, unrinde, unskin."--Cotgrave.

Peeler, 35/51, _s._ an impoverisher.

Peeling, 33/51, _s._ impoverishing.

Pelfe, 55/1, _s._ apparatus, implements.

Peneriall, 39/29, _s._ penny-royal. _Mentha pulegium_, from Lat. _puleium regium_, through Dutch _poley_, in the old Herbals called _puliol royal_; its Latin name being derived from its supposed efficacy in destroying _fleas_ (_pulices_). See Pliny (b. xx. cap. 54).

Penie, 2/13, _s._ penny, money.

Penurie, 9/6, _s._ destitution, want.

Perareplums, 34/18, _s. pl._ some variety of plum either lost or unknown (if not a misprint).

Perceley, 39/28, _s._ parsley. A.S. _peterselige_. Lat. _petroselinum_.

Percer, 17/6, _s._ a piercer, gimlet.

Perie, 18/48, _s._ perry.

Perle, 96/28, _s._ pearl, jewel, ornament.

Perseneps, 41/8, _s. pl._ parsnips. Spelt in the old herbals _Pasnep_ and _Pastnip_, from Lat. _pastinaca_.

Pester, 48/14, _v._ overcrowd with stock, abbreviated from O. Fr. _empestrer_ = to entangle the feet or legs, to embarrass, from Fr. _pasturon_, L. Lat. _pastorium_, a fetter by which horses are prevented from wandering in the pastures.

Pestring, 53/11, _v._ being in the way or troublesome. "_Empestrer_, to pester, intricate, intangle, trouble, incomber."--Cotgrave.

Petigree, 114/11, _s._ pedigree, genealogy.

Pewter, 85/11, _s._ pewter vessels.

Philip and Jacob, 51/1. The feast of Saints Philip and James, 1st May.

Phraies, 114/8, _s._ phrase, language.

Pickle, 56/17, _s._ condition, state.

Piddling, 63/48, _v._ "going about pretending to work but doing little or nothing, as after illness a man is said to go _piddling_ about, though as yet unable to do much."--Halliwell.

Pie, 53/3, _s._ magpie.

Piggen, 16/14, _s._ pigeons.

Pike, 17/15, _s._ a pitching fork with two or three prongs for cocking corn not put into sheaves.

Pilch, 15/39, _v. pr. t._ pilfer. See also Filchers.

Pilcrowe, page 2, _s._ the mark ¶. "Pylcrafte in a booke, _asteriskus_."--Prompt. Parv.

Pilferie, 9/4, _s._ theft, fraud. O. Fr. _pelfrer_, to plunder.

Pinched, 10/30, _pp._ in straitened circumstances, in need or want.

Pinching, 9/6, _adj._ extreme, pressing.

Pinching, 97/3, _s._ economy.

Pinwood, 17/20, _s._ pegwood, _i.e._ wood that does not split, for making wooden pins or pegs of.

Pionées, 45/16, _s._ pl. The peony. _Pæonia corallina_. The seeds of this plant were used as a spice, and also as a medicine. See note in Liber Albus, p. 351.

Pismier, 111, _s._ ant.

Pitch and pay, 114/24, pay ready money.

Placing, 56/32, _v._ arranging, stacking.

Plagards, 114/6, _s. pl._ commissions, instruments.

Planked, 17/2, _pp._ boarded.

Plantine, 44/10, _s._ Plantain. The Water-plantain was formerly regarded as a specific against hydrophobia: from _planta_, sole of the foot, from the shape of the leaf.

Plash, 36/15, _v. imp._ lower and narrow a broad-spread hedge by partially cutting off the branches and entwining them with those left behind. "_Plesser_, to plash, fould, to bow, or plait young branches one within another; also to thicken a hedge, or cover a walke, by plashing."--Cotgrave. In 36/15 it means to _pleach_ down a hedge over the burrow, so as to protect it.

Pleasure, 7/6, _v._ to please.

Plight, 16/34, _s._ condition.

Plot, 9/7, _s._ piece of ground, farm.

Plot, 12/1, _s._ plan, rule.

Plough Monday, 90/2. The Monday next after Twelfth Day. See note E452.

Ploughstaff, 17/11, _s._ an instrument like a paddle for cleaning a plough, or clearing it of weeds, stalks, etc.

Plowmeat, 47/12, _s._ food made of corn.

Plowwrite, 58/5, _s._ plough wright.

Plump, 19/41, _v. imp._ throw in.

Pod, 17/6, _s._ "a box or old leather bottle nailed to the side of the cart to hold necessary implements, or perhaps grease."--Mavor. Cf. Ped.

Poke, 16/3, _s._ a bag, sack, "buy a pig in a poke" = to buy without seeing what one is buying.

Poling, 35/45, _s._ supporting with poles.

Pollard, 19/16, _s._ a mixture of bran and meal.

Pollenger, 35/13, _s._ pollard trees, brushwood.

Pompions, 41/7, _s. pl._ pumpkins. Fr. _pompon_.

Poppie, 45/17, _s._ poppy. A.S. _papig_.

Poret, 39/31, _s._ a scallion; a leek or small onion. O. Fr. _porette_. Lat. _porrum_; called _Porrectes_ in the Forme of Cury, p. 41.

Porkling, 19/34, _s._ young swine. Cf. _Bulchin_, q.v.

Posie, 97/1, _s._ a poetical inscription. Udal writes it _poisee_. "There was a superscription or _poisee_ written on the toppe of the crosse."--St. Luke, c. 23.

Pot, 15/43, _s._ the pot for cooking purposes.

Pottage, 76/2, _s._ pottage, soup. Fr. _potage_.

Pottle, 21/12, _s._ a pottle, a measure of two quarts.

Pouch, 62/16, _s._ pocket, purse. A.S. _pocca_.

Poucheth, 35/46, _v. pr. t._ pockets.

Pound, 114/21, _v._ fight, beat.

*Powlinges, 66, _s. pl._ the branches or shoots of pollard trees. Still called _Pollengers_.

Practise, 73/13, _s._ practice, experience.

Practisie, 9/5, _s._ conduct, practices.

Praies, 114/18, _s._ praise.

Prating, 64/27, _s._ talking, chattering.

Pray, 114/25, _s._ prey, booty, plunder.

Preferment, 10/57, _s._ advancement, assistance.

Prentise, 92/4, _s._ apprenticeship, business.

Prentiships, 60, _s. pl._ periods of seven years, that being the duration of an apprenticeship, or 'prenticeship.

Prest, 56/43, _adj._ ready.

Prest, 63/7, _adj._ neat, tidy. Tusser Redivivus says, "An old word for Neat or Tight; I suppose comes from women being _strait-laced_." Ital. _presto_. O. Fr. _prest_, Fr. _prêt_.

Prest, 49/8, _pp._ pressed. Fr. _presser_.

Pretie, 86/7, _adj._ pretty, dainty. A.S. _prætig_.

Preuenting, 10/62, _pr. p._ anticipating. Lat. _prevenire_, to go before.

Price, 114/16, _s._ renown, high estimation. Lat. _pretium_.

Pricketh, 77/22, _v. pr. t._ makes proud or puffs up.

Pricking, 67/16, _v._ embroidering, doing fancy work.

Pride, 19/12, _s._ excessive richness. "The ground having his _pride_ abated in the first crop"--G. Markham.

Prie, 35/15, _s._ privet.

Prim, 15/42, _s._ another name for the "privet;" called also "primwort."

Prime, 14/3, _s._ the time of the new moon, as change is the time of the full moon.

Prime grass, 35/18, _s._ earliest grass. See footnote 10, p. 84.

Priuie, 10/12, _adj._ aware, acquainted.

Priuie, 15/42, _s._ privet. _Ligustrum vulgare_.

Procureth, 64/3, _v. pr. t._ contrives, brings about.

Promooters, 64/11, _s. pl._ informers.

Prooue, 46/1, _v. imp._ try, have some experience of.

*Prouision, 4, foresight. Lat. _providere_.

*Pullein, 37, Pullen, 87/5, _s. pl._ poultry, fowls. "Pullayne, poullane, _poullaille_."--Palsgrave. See also Pulter.

Pullet, 63/16, _s._ chicken.

Pulter, 21/9, _s._ fowl keeper or breeder. "_Poullailler, m._ a poulter or keeper of pullaine."--Cotgrave.

Pultrie, 21/9, _s._ poultry.

Purkey Wheat, 19/17, maize.

Purloiners, 10/54, _s. pl._ thieves, pilferers. Spelt "_pro_loiners" in edit. of 1577.

Purse penniles, 10/28, _adj._ a purse without a penny, empty pursed.

Purslane, 40/10, _s._ water purslane. _Portulaca domestica_.--Gerard's Herball, ed. 1633. From _porcellus_, a little pig; the plant being a favourite food of swine.

Put to, 10/30, _v._ place.

Puttocks, 38/33, _s. pl._ kites, hawks. "Puttok, bryd, _milvus_."--Prompt. Parv. In 99/3 the meaning is, voracious fellows.

Q.

Quaile, 15/34, _v._ fail.

Quaile, 91/6, _s._ be shaken.

Quamier, 33/56, _s._ quagmire, bog. O. Eng. quavemire.

Queenes gilleflowers, 43/27, _s._ the Dame's Violet, also called Rogue's or Winter gilliflower. _Hesperis matronalis_, L.

Queere, 114/6, _s._ choir. "Queere, _chorus_."--Cath. Anglicum.

Quickset, 18/33, _s._ quickset hedge.

Quick setted, 35/45, _pp._ enclosed with a quickset hedge.

Quieter, 63/22, _adv._ more easily, quietly.

Quight, 115/2, _adv._ completely, entirely.

Quite, 15/7, _v. pr. t._ requite, repay.

R.

Rabetstock, 17/20, _s._ a rabbet-plane, a joiner's tool for cutting rabbets.

Rable, 22/17, _s._ crowd, number.

Rage, 114/35, _adj._ wild, dissipated.

Raise, 9/16, _v._ stir up.

Rampions, 40/12, _s._ rampion, _rapuntium_.--Gerard's Herball.

Ranke, 53/17, _adj._ strong, rank.

Ranker, 10/6, _s._ ill-feeling, quarrelling.

Raskabilia, 10/54, _s._ packs of rascals. Cf. Mid. Eng. _rascaille_. "Rascalye, or symple puple, _plebs_."--Prompt. Parv.

Ratling, 19/34, _s._ the rattle.

Rawing, 16/25, _s._ the aftermath of a Meadow Water.--T.R. "Raweyne, hey, _fenum serotinum_."--Prompt. Parv. See also Rowen.

Reame, 3/3, _s._ kingdom, country. O. Fr. _realme, reaume_.

Reasnable, 10/14, _adj._ fair, equitable, reasonable.

Reastie, 20/2, _adj._ rusty, rancid. "Reest as flesche, _rancidus_."--Prompt. Parv. "I _reast_, I waxe ill of taste, as bacon."--Palsgrave. See Wedgwood, s.v. Reasty.

Recken, 10/43, _v._ to compute, count.

Redele, page 3, _s._ riddle. "Rydel or probleme, _enigma_."--Prompt. Parv. A.S. _rǽdelse_.

Reeded, 51/5, _pp._ thatched with reeds.

Reeding, 2/10, _s._ reading, study. A.S. _rédan_.

Reeke, 10/24, _v._ smoke. A.S. _rêcan_.

Refraine, 48/1, _v._ stop, prevent.

Rehersed, 45/1, _pp._ mentioned, named. Fr. _rehercer_, properly to go over again like a harrow (Fr. _herce_) over a ploughed field.

Reisons, 34/21, _s. pl._ currants. "Raysouns of Corante."--Pegge's Forme of Cury, ed. 1780, p. 16.

Relent, 23/11, _v._ become soft.

Rendrit, 24, _v._ = render it, _i.e._ return, requite it.

Rent, 55/7, _pp._ torn, plucked.

Rept, 18/43, _pp._ reaped, gained.

Resdue, 48/19, _s._ residue, remainder. Fr. _résidu_. Lat. _residuum_.

Respe, 15/27, Respies, 44/12, _s._ Raspberries.

Respit, 70/4, _s._ rest, respite.

Restfull, 106/2, _adj._ full of rest, resting.

Retcheles, 10/23, _adj._ reckless, careless. A.S. _recceleas_.

Reuengement, 9/18, _s._ revenge.

Rew, 45/18, _s._ rue.

Rife, 98/1, _adj._ abundant, common.

Rifle, 17/14, _s._ "a rifle or ruffle is no more than a bent stick standing on the butt of a sithe-handle."--T.R. Now called a _bale_.

Rigging, 16/37, _pr. p._ making free with, knocking about.

Rigs, 15/37, _v. pr. t._ make free with.

Ringle, 33/54, _v. imp._ ring, put rings through the snouts.

Ringling, 16/32, _v._ ringing of swine to prevent their tearing up the ground.

Riping, 37/7, ripening.

Rikes, 53/10, _s. pl._ ricks. A.S. _hreac_, a heap.

Rise, 40/5_a_, _s._ rice.

Rishes, 75/6, _s. pl._ rushes. A.S. _risce_. Lat. _ruscum_.

Riuet, 19/16, _s._ bearded wheat. "Dog-wheat, a bearded species, called in Mark-lane, _rivets_."--Forby.

Rode, 57/36, _s._ harbour.

Roinish, 102/1, _adj._ mean, rough, coarse. Fr. _rogneux_. "The roynish clown."--Shakspere, As You Like It, ii. 2.

Roister like, 98/3, blustering. "They ruffle and _roist_ it out." Harrison's Eng. ed. F. J. Furnivall, New Shakspere Soc. Pt. I, p. 77. "This is the very _royster_ that gagg'd and bound me, Sir."--The Reformation, 1673.

Rokat, 40/13, _s._ garden rocket. Fr. _roquette. Eruca sativa_.--Gerard's Herball, ed. 1633.

Roong, 15/29, _pp._ have rings put through their noses to prevent them from tearing up the ground.

Roperipe, 92/3, _s._ one old enough to be flogged. "Deserving of hanging."--Howell, 1660.

Roste, 63/19, _s._ rule the roste = domineer, have the sway. According to Richardson equivalent to "_rule the roost_," an expression of which every farm yard would supply an explanation.

Rottenly, 18/11, _adj._ rich, crumbly.

Roule, 17/8, _s._ a rule, measure.

Roules, 10/54, _v._ roll in, bring in.

Rowe, 36/12, _s._ row, a rowe = in a row.

Rowen, 57/25, aftermath of mown meadows. "_Rowen_ is a field kept up till after Michaelmas, that the corn left on the ground may sprout into green."--Bailey's Dict. See Rawing above, and Rawings in Ray's Gloss.

Rowleth, 46/15, _v. pr. t._ roll. O. Fr. _roler_, Ger. _rollen_, from Lat. _rotulare_.

Rubstone, 17/14, _s._ a sandstone for a scythe. "The rub or buckle stone which husbandmen doo occupie in the whetting of their sithes."--Harrison, Description of England, Pt. 2, p. 64.

Rudenes, 2/9, _s._ want of refinement, plainness, homeliness.

Ruffen, 98/3, _s._ ruffian, scoundrel.

Runciuall peas, 41/9, _s. pl._ marrow-fat peas. Supposed to be derived from Span. _Roncesvalles_, a town at the foot of the Pyrenees, where gigantic bones of old heroes were pretended to be shown; hence the name was applied to anything of a size larger than usual.

Runnagate, 77/17, runaway. "White-livered _runagate_."--Shakspere, Richard III. iv. 4.

Runt-wood, page 84, footnote 8, _s._ stumps of underwood. "Neither young poles nor old runts are suitable for building."--Holland.

Rydgis, 16/9, _s. pl._ ridges.

S.

Sad, 17/12, _adj._ disappointed, vexed.

Saddle, 35/37, _s._ the saddle, riding. We still say "a saddle horse," "a cart horse," meaning a horse for riding or carting.

Saile, 114/23, _s._ sail, beare low saile = to live humbly or economically. "Than bear so _low a sail_, to strike to thee."--Shakspere, 3 Hen. VI. v. 1. Cf. also 3 Henry VI. iii. 3.

Sallets, 40/1, _s. pl._ salads.

Sallow, 22/26, _s._ a species of willow. A.S. _salig_.

Salue, 4/2, _s._ ointment, salve.

Sampire, 40/6, _s._ samphire. _Crithmum marinum_.--Gerard's Herball, 1633.

"Half way down, Hangs one that gathers _samphire_, dreadful trade." --Shakspere, Lear, iv. 6.

Sauer, 10/10, _s._ scent, inkling.

Sauer, 77/3, a person to look after and see that things are not wasted.

Sauerie, 39/35, _s._ savoury. Fr. _savorée_. Lat. _satureja_.

Sauerlie, 9/3, _adj._ frugal, gained by saving.

Sauin, 45/22, _s._ savin. _Juniperus sabina_, Linn.

Sawsie, 114/35, _adj._ saucy, impudent.

Saxefrage, 44/13, _s._ saxifrage. Lat. _saxifraga_, from _saxum_, a rock, and _frango_, to break, being supposed to disintegrate the rocks, in the crevices of which it grows, and thence to dissolve stone in the bladder. Called in Scotland _Thirlstane_, which has the same meaning.

Scaberd, 102/2, _s._ scabbard.

Scamble, 51/7, _v._ scramble for.

Scant, 56/52, _adj._ scarce, wanting.

Scant, 114/24, _adv._ scarcely. So in Bacon's "Table of Coulers," I. "The Epicure that will _scant_ indure the Stoic to be in sight of him." Cf. also Romeo and Juliet, i. 2.

Scanted, 2/14, _adj._ limited, stinted, grudged. Cf. also note E317.

Scape, 97/1, _v._ escape, get off.

Scare, 56/13, _v. imp._ drive away.

Scotch, 33/17, _v. pr. t._ cut, hew.

Scoutwatch, 10/19, _s._ watch, guard.

Scowles, 10/23, _v. pr. t._ scowls, frowns, is ill-tempered.

Scrall, 49/_c, v. pr. t._ crawl. "To scrall, stir, _motito_"--Coles' Lat. Dict. "And the river shall _scral_ with frogs."--Wiclif, Exodus viii. 3.

Scrauling, 49/9, _pr. p._ crawling.

Scruplenes, page 4, _s._ scruples, scrupulousness. Lat. _scrupulus_, a little stone such as may get into a traveller's shoe and distress him; hence, a source of doubt or distress.

Sea holie, 40/17, _s._ sea-hulfer, sea-holm; a plant of the genus _Eryngium_ (_E. maritimum_). A.S. _hulfer_, holly.

Sealed, 17/18, _adj._ certified, stamped.

Seame, 21/2, _s._ a quarter of corn. A.S. _seam_.

Secresie, 9/20, _s._ secrets, private concerns.

Sedge collars, 17/12, _s. pl._ collars made of sedge or reeds.

Seede, 51/12, _v._ obtain seed from.

Seede cake, 90/7, "a festival so called at the end of wheat-sowing in Essex and Suffolk, when the village is to be treated with seed cakes, pasties, etc."--Warton.

Seeith, 19/41, _v. imp._ boil.

Seeke, 10/24, _v._ seek, "their dinners to seeke" = their dinners have to be sought, i.e. are lacking.

Seelie, 48/21, _adj._ silly, simple. A.S. _sælig_. O. L. Ger. _salig_.

Seene, 95/1, _adj._ practised, experienced.

"Its a schoolmaster Well _seen_ in music." --Shakspere, Taming of Shrew, i. 2.

Seene, 106/16, _v. pt. t._ appeared. Lat. _visus est_.

Seeth, 78/5, _v. imp._ boil.

Seeue, 17/3, _s._ sieve, sifter.

Seggons, 85/6, _s. pl._ poor labourers. "_Seg-head_, a blockhead."--Craven Cf. _Segger_, Chester Plays, ii. 51.

Sell, 114/21, _s._ cell, abbey.

Semsters, 86/7, _s. pl_ needlewomen, seamstresses. A.S. _seamestre_.

Seruice-trees, 34/24, _s. pl._ more correctly spelt _Servise-tree_, from Lat. _cervisia_, its fruit having from ancient times been used for making a fermented liquor, a kind of beer.

Seruiture, 99/1, _s._ servant, attendant.

Set, 36/25, _v. imp._ plant round, set.

Set, 35/45, _s._ the young shoots.

Setteth, 10/60, _v. pr. t._ risks. "Setteth his soule upon sixe or on seauen" = "risks his soul on the cast of a die."

Seuer, 15/40, _v. imp._ separate, sort.

Seuerall, title, _adj._ inclosed land, divided into fields by fences. L. Lat. _separalis_.

Sewe, 15/17, _v. imp._ drain. Cf. sewer. Welsh, _sych_, dry. Cf. Lat. _siccus_. See Pegge's Kenticisms.

Shackles, 17/21, _s. pl._ shackles. A.S. _scacul_. Dutch, _schakel_, a link of a chain.

Shack time, 16/30, _s._ the time during which the shaken-out grain remains on the ground after harvest. "_Shack_, Norfolk, a general common for hogs, from the end of harvest till seed time. To go at _shack_, to go at large."--Coles' Dict. 1676. Brockett's Glossary gives: "_Shack, shak,_ to shed, or shake, as corn in harvest. Then _shack-fork_, a shake-fork." "_Shacking-time_, the season when malt is ripe."--Kersey's Eng. Dict. 1715. Wedgwood (Eng. Etym.) says: "Shack is the shaken grain remaining on the ground when the gleaning is over, the fallen mast (Forby). Hence to _shack_, to turn pigs or poultry into the stubble field to feed on the scattered grain. _Shack_, liberty of winter pasturage, when the cattle are allowed to rove over the tillage land." Forby gives "_Shack_, sb. the acorns or mast under the trees." Compare the provincial "Shucks," the pods or shells from which peas have been _shaken_, or, as it is frequently called, "_shook_."

Share, 52/1, _v._ shear.

Shares, 17/10, _s._ plough shares.

Sharing, 17/16, _adj._ shearing.

Shaue, 17/6, _s._ spokeshave.

Sheawd, 102/7, _pp._ shown, displayed.

Shed, 57/7, _v._ lose the grains of corn.

Sheepebiter, 64/17, _s._ a thief, lit. a wolf, a cant phrase. See Halliwell, s.v.

Shent, 57/45, _pp._ ruined, disgraced. A.S. _scendan_.

Shere, 3/7, _s._ shire, county. A.S. _scire_.

Shift, 9/39, _v._ manage, fare.

Shift, 104/1, _s._ excuse, makeshift.

Shifting, 95/5, _adj._ changing, often removing.

Shifting, 10/27, 10/34, _v._ trickery, cheating, acting shiftingly.

Shiftingly, 9/26, _adv._ by tricks or mean shifts.

Shock, 56/20, _s._ a certain number of bundles or sheaves of corn (in some parts twelve). "A _shocke_ of wheate, _meta tritici_."--Withal's Dict. 1608.

Shock, 57/10, _v. imp._ collect into _shocks_ or heaps of twelve sheaves.

Shod, 17/6, _pp._ tired.

Sholue, 17/1, _s._ shovel.

Shoo, 102/2, _s._ pl. shoes. A.S. _sceo_, a shoe, pl. _sceon_.

Shot, 114/40, _s._ expense, reckoning.

Showreth out, 14/3, _v. pr. t._ is showery, rainy weather.

Shreaw, 16/17, _s._ thief, rascal, 67/24, _s._ shrew, scold. See Shrew.

Shred pies, 31/3, _s. pl._ mince pies, the meat being cut up into _shreds_. A.S. _screâdan_, small pieces. "No matter for plomb-porridge or _shrid pies_."--Sheppard's Epigrams, 1651.

Shrew, 64*/6, _s._ scold. "Shrewe, _pravus_. Schrewyd, _pravatus, depravatus_."--Prompt. Parv.

Shroftide, 90/3, _s._ Shrove Tuesday, the day before the first day of Lent.

Shrouing, 90/3, _s._ to be merry, probably derived from the sports and merriment of Shrovetide. See Halliwell, s.v. Shrove.

Shut, _v._ 51/5, shoot, throw; 37/13, shoot out, spring up.

Sieth, 35/25, _s._ scythe. A.S. siðe.

Siethes, 39/39, _s. pl._ chives, spelt in Hollyband's Dict. 1593, _sieves_, from Fr. _cive, Allium fissile_, L.

Sirops, 91/3, _s. pl._ sirups.

Siszers, 17/4, _s._ scissors.

Sithe, 17/14, _s._ scythe.

Skare, 2/7, _v._ frighten. Icel. _skirra_ = to drive away.

Skared, 69/4, _pp._ frightened, cheated of.

Skavel, 17/19, _s._ a kind of spade, having its sides slightly turned up, used in draining, and cleaning narrow ditches. Compare _scuffle_, a garden hoe, and _shovel_.

Skep, 17/3, _s._ a basket made of rushes or straw.

Skill, 114/38, _s._ plan, design.

Skillesse, 113/4, _adj._ simple, homely.

Skirrets, 40/19, _s. pl._ the water-parsnip. _Sium latifolium_, contracted from _skirwort_, its older name, a corruption of _sugar-wort_. Ger. _zucker-wurzel_.

Skreene, 90/2, _s._ fire-screen. See note E453.

Skreine, 17/16, _s._ sieve, screen. O. Fr. _escrein_.

Skuppat, 17/19, _s._ a spade used in draining and making narrow ditches. Belgian _schup_, a spade.

Skuttle, 17/16, _s._ a screen for cleaning corn, i.e. a large broad and shallow shovel for casting threshed corn from one side of the barn to the other that light grains and dust may fall short.

Slab, 15/35, _s._ the outside cut of sawn timber.

Slabbered, 48/20, _pp._ dirtied, beslobbered. L. Ger. and Dut. _slabbern_.

Slained, 106/15, _pp._ slain, murdered, but perhaps we should read _stained_.

Slake, 1/4, _v._ to slacken.

Slapsauce, 98/2, _s._ "a parasite."--Minsheu. "A lickedish, a lickerish fellow, a _slapsawce_."--Nomenclator, 1585.

*Slapt, 72_e_, _pp._

Slea, 107/3, _v._ slay, kill. A.S. _slean_.

Sled, 17/11, _s._ sledge, truck. Ger. and Dutch _slede_. Icel. _sledi_. A.S. _slidan_, to slide.

Slept, 90/1, _pp._ slipt, forgotten, omitted.

Slise, 35/20, _v. imp._ slice, cut.

Sliuers, 23/1, _s. pl._ pieces of split wood, chips. A.S. _slifan_.

Slugging, 75/1, _s._ lying late in bed.

Sluts, 75/5, _s. pl._ slovens, slatterns. Ger. _schlutte_. Dutch _slet_.

Smack, 57/24, a pleasant repast.

Smalach, 45/20, _s._ celery, or water parsley. The _small ache_ or parsley as compared with the _hipposelinum_ or great parsley.

Small nuts, 34/22, Smalnut, 33/57, _s._ hazel nuts.

Snag dragons, 43/30, _s. pl._ snapdragons, so called from its corolla resembling the _snap_ or snout. Dut. _sneb_ of some animal. Called by Lyte "Calf's snowte."

Snorting, 9/16, _adj._ snoring, sleepy. A.S. _snora_, a snoring.

Snudgeth, 62/2, _v. pr. t._ is economical or saving, or, works quietly or snugly. In Lanc. _snidge_. A.S. _snid_. Danish _snedig_, cunning. 'Thus your husbandrye, methincke, is much more like the life of a covetous _snudge_, that ofte very evill proves, then the labour of a goode husbande, that knoweth well what he doth."--Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 6.

Sockle, 35/30, _v. imp._ suckle, provide with milk.

Sod, 22/27, _pp._ boiled.

Soketh, 19/2, _v. pr. t._ wets, soaks.

Soles, 17/21, _s. pl._ a collar of wood, put round the neck of cattle to confine them to the post.

Sollen, 89/13, _adj._ sullen, sulky.

Soller, 57/5, _s._ garret, loft, or upper room. "_Solarium_, an upper room, chamber, or garret which in some parts of England is still called a _sollar_."--Kennett, Gloss. p. 134.

Sooth, 10/61, _v._ to flatter.

Sops in wine, 43/31, _s._ a kind of pink resembling a carnation; the clove pink. "The rose and speckled flowre cald sops-in-wine."--The Affectionate Shepheard, 1594.

Sorell, 39/36, _s._ sorrell. Fr. _surelle_, a dimin. from L. Ger. _suur_ = sour, from the acidity of the leaves. _Rumex acetosa_, L.

Sost, 48/20, _pp._ dirty, foul. "Of any one that mixes several slops, or makes any place wet or dirty, we say in Kent, he makes a _soss_."--Kennett MS.

Souse, 12/5, _s._ pig's feet and ears pickled.

Soutage, 57/51, _s._ bagging for hops, or coarse cloth. See More's MS. Additions to Ray's North Country Gloss.

Southly, 16/20, _adv._ facing the south.

Sowce, 19/37, _v. imp._ steep in brine, pickle.

Sower, 35/51, _adj._ sour.

Spare, 113/3, _v._ economize, be sparing.

Spareth, 10/35, _v. pr. t._ are economical, save.

Spars, 33/16, _s. pl._ rafters.

Speedfull, 52/13, _adj._ useful, profitable.

Speeding, 2/10, _s._ progress, success.

Speered, 84/5, _pp._ sprouted, a term in malting. "I _spyer_ as corne dothe whan it begynneth to waxe rype, _je espie_."--Palsgrave.

Spent, 15/41, _pp._ used, consumed.

Sperage, 40/18, _s._ asparagus. Lemery in his Treatise on Foods, 1704, gives as the etymology: _ab aspergendo_, sprinkling, because 'tis convenient to water them!

Spials, 64/12, _s. pl._ spies. Fr. _épier_. O. Fr. _espier_, whence our _espy, spy_. Low Lat. _espia_.

Spide, 2/9, _v. pr. t._ beheld, saw.

Spight, 57/13, _s._ as a spite or grief to.

Spight, 97/6, _v._ spite, be unpropitious.

Spil, 102/6, _v. pr. t._ spoil, ruin.

Spilled, 50/6, Spilt, 56/54, _pp._ ruined, spoilt. A.S. _spillan_.

Spring, 48/11, _s._ young buds of felled underwood.

Spurlings, 12/5, _s. pl._ smelts. "Spurlin, a smelt, Fr. _esperlan_."--Skinner. Sparling, smelts of the Thames.--Brockett's N. C. Glossary. "First a sprat, then a small sparling, then a sparling."--R. Holme, p. 325.

Squatteth, 16/38, _v. pr. t._ sit or crouch down. Welsh _yswatian_, to squat, lie flat.

Squier, 10/57, _s._ squire, gentleman.

Stadled, 48/8, _pp._ "to stadle a Wood is to leave at certain distances a sufficient number of young trees to replenish it."--T.R.

Staddles, 47/9, Stadles, 48/9, _s. pl._ young growing trees left after cutting underwood.

Staid, 2/8, _v. pt. t._ kept, detained.

Staie, 10/7, _s._ means of support.

Staie, 19/40, _v._ prevent, stop.

Staied, 60/9, _adj._ steady, staid.

Stalfed, 21/11, _adj._ stall-fattened.

Stamp, 18/48, _v. imp._ bruise, pound.

Stands thee upon, 10/39, are suitable, proper for. To _stand_ a person _on_ is _to be incumbent_ upon him, _it is his duty_.--Wilbraham, Gloss. of Cheshire Words, 1818.

Star of Bethlehem, 43/34, _s._ Star of Bethlehem. _Ornithogalum umbellatum_, a bulbous plant having a white star-like flower, like pictures of the stars that indicated Our Lord's birth.

Star of Jerusalem, 43/35, _s._ perhaps sunflower or turn-sole. Ital. _girasole_, familiarized into _Jerusalem_.

Stay, 114/31, _s._ rest, quiet.

Steade, 63/3, _s._ in steade = to advantage.

*Stede, 19, _v._ suffice, profit.

Steelie, 19/12, _adj._ hard, firm.

Steepe, 46/6, _adj._ a steepe = steeply.

Steeres, 36/8, _s. pl._ oxen in their third year. A.S. _steor_.

Sterue, 103/4, _v._ starve, perish. A.S. _steorfan_.

*Steruelings, 50, _s. pl._ half-starved animals.

Stick, 16/34, _v. imp._ to stick boards = to arrange them neatly one upon another with sticks between.--T.R.

Still, 33/53, _v. imp._ quiet, stop from growing.

Still, 44/1, _v._ distill.

Still, 50/33, _s._ a still. Lat. _stilla_, a drop.

Stinted, 95/4, _pp._ appointed, settled.

Stirre, 77/6, _v._ move quickly, bestir herself.

Stitchwort, 45/23, _s._ stitchwort, chickweed, _Stellaria media_, Linn.

Stocke gilleflowers, 43/36, _s._ now shortened to stock, from stock, the trunk or woody stem of a tree or shrub, added to _gilliflower_ to distinguish it from plants of the pink tribe, called, from their scent, _Clove-gilleflowers_.

Stocks, 22/13, _s. pl._ young trees.

Stoutnes, 9/9, _s._ force.

Stouer, 20/16, _s._ winter food for cattle, fodder from thrashed corn, whether straw, chaff, or colder (broken ears of corn), from the Old French _estavoir, estovoir, estouvier_, A.N. _estovers_, or _estouvoir_, which denotes, according to Roquefort (Glossaire de la langue Romane), 'provision de tout ce qui est nécessaire.'

Strangenes, 3/1, _s._ strangeness.

Strawforke, 17/1, _s._ a pitchfork.

Strawisp, 19/38, _s._ wisps of straw.

Streight waies, 114/8, _adv._ at once.

Strike, 16/9, _v. pr. t._ striking is the last ploughing before the seed is committed to the earth.--M.

Strike, 17/1, _s._ a bushel measure. "Robert Webb of Shottre oweth me iiij_s._ iiij_d._ lent hym in money for making ix _strycke_ and a half of malt."--Will of John Cocks of Stratford-on-Avon, dated May 27th, 1600.

Stripe, 57/5, _s._ "beating upon a Hurdle or some other rough thing."--T.R.

Stroieng, 48/17, _s._ destruction, injury. O. Fr. (_de_)_struire_. Lat. _struere_.

Stroken, 35/31, _pp._ stroked, kindly treated.

Strowing, 42/1, _adj._ for strewing.

Stroyal, 10/23, _s._ waste all, wasteful.

Stub, 35/9, _s._ stump, buie at the stub = buy on the ground. A.S. _stybb_, allied to Lat. _stipes_.

Stub, 33/47, _v. imp._ grub up.

"And badd hym take a mattock anon, And _stubbe_ the olde rote away, That had stonde there many a day." --MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 129.

Stud, 33/16, _s._ the uprights in a lath and plaster wall. "In manie places there are not above foure, six, or nine inches between _stud_ and _stud_."--Harrison, Pt. I, p. 233.

Stur, 62/6, _v._ move about, exert.

Sturs, 63/16, _s. pl._ disturbances, commotions.

Substanciallie, 9/23, _adv._ in reality, truly.

Subtiltie, 9/17, _s._ cunning, artfulness, deceit.

Sucker, 23/4, _s._ assistance, help, succour.

Suckerie, 91/2, Suckery, 39/38, _s._ succory, the wild endive, chicory. Fr. _chicorée_, often replaced by fraudulent dealers with dandelion roots, _Cichorium Intybus_, L.

Sudgerne, 10/8, _v._ settle down. Fr. _sojourner_. Cf. Barbour's Bruce, E. E. Text Soc. ed. Skeat, 6/26, 16/47, and 20/356.

Suer, 84/3, _adj._ sure, careful. O. Fr. _seur, segur_. Lat. _securus_.

Suerty, 9/24, _s._ being security or surety.

Suite, 18/49, _s._ description, kind.

Suretie, 10/28, _s._ security, bail.

Swage, 114/26, _v._ assuage.

Swatches, 57/18, _s. pl._ rows or ranks of barley, etc.

Swathes, 55/2, _s. pl._ the line of grass or corn cut and thrown together by the scythe in mowing. Cotgrave gives: "_Gerber des javelles_ to bind corne of _swath_ into sheaues, to sheaue vp corne." "Fœni striga. Monceaux de foin par ordre. The _swathe_ or strake of grasse, as it lyeth mowne downe with the sithe."--Nomenclator.

Sweate, 56/20, _s._ a sweating, _i.e._ feel the effects of the heat.

Sweete Johns, 43/33, _s._ a species of _Dianthus_ or pink, called also _Sweet John's-wort_.

Swerue, 96/42, _s._ fail, depart.

Swill, 78/5, _s._ hog's-wash.

Swim, 10/59, _v._ to abound, to overflow.

Swinge, 52/16, _v. imp._ cut down with the long swinging scythe used for that purpose.

T.

Tack, 12/3, Tacke, 76/3, _s._ substance. A tough piece of meat is said to have plenty of _tack_ in it.

Taile, 77/8, _s._ back.

Taint wormes, 65/3, _s. pl._ "A small red spider called _taint_ is by the country people accounted a deadly poison to cows and horses."--Sir T. Browne.

Tale, 83/4, _s._ tally, reckoning.

Talent, 59/9, _s._ the gifts and powers entrusted by God. Of course the reference is to the Parable.

Tallie, 78/2, _s._ score, bill, charge.

Tallwood, 53/12, _s._ wood cut for billets. "Tall woode, pacte wodde to make byllettes of, _taillee_."--Palsgrave.

Tampring, 17/16, _v._ tempering, mixing, thus the Bible speaks of "_untempered_ mortar."

Tane, 66/1, _pp._ taken.

Tanzie, 39/40, _s._ tansy, _Tanacetum vulgare_, Linn.

Tapple up taile, 21/14. See note E125.

Tarie, 16/11, _v._ delay, keep back.

Tarragon, 40/21, _s._ tarragon. _Tragum vulgare_.--Gerard's Herball. Used for perfuming vinegar in France. O. Fr. _targon_.

Tarrie, 85/1, _v._ wait for, await.

Tawnie, 43/3, _adj._ yellowish.

Ted, 54/1, _v._ to spread abroad new-cut grass. "I teede hay, I tourne it afore it is made in cockes, _je fene_."--Palsgrave.

Tedder, 10/9, _s._ tether, "live within one's tether" = "within the limits of one's income."

Teddered, 16/33, _pp._ tethered, tied up.

Teemes, 58/6, _s. pl._ teams.

Tell, 50/30, _v. imp._ count.

Temmes lofe, 16/11, _s._ "that made of a mixture of wheat and rye out of which the coarser bran is taken."--T.R. "_Miche_, a fine manchet; the country people of France call so also a loafe of boulted bread or _tems_ bread."--Cotgrave.

Temper, 91/2, _s._ condition.

Tend, 10/39, _v. imp._ attend.

Tendance, 56/53, _s._ attention, care.

Tendeth, 62/3, _v. pr. t._ attends to, looks after.

Tere, 19/30, _s._ tares.

Thacke, 53/12, _s._ thatch, roof covering. "Erige, holme or _thacke_."--Huloet, 1552. "Thakke, _tegmen, tectura_."--Vocab. MS.

Thacker, 36/24, _s._ thatcher. "A proud _thacker_ of Theeva would laugh them to scorn."--Pilkington's Works, 381.

Thee, 10/8, _v._ thrive, prosper. "A very late example of this word; at this time it was nearly obsolete. A.S. _théon_, to thrive, flourish.

"God that sittis in trinite, Gyffe thaym grace wel to _the_ That lystyns me a whyle." --MS. Cantab., Ff. v. 48, f. 47.

Theeuerie, 86/12, _s._ dishonesty.

Thencrease, 21/2, for the encrease = the increase, gain.

Thend, 19/40, for "the end."

Thetch, 57/32, _s._ thatch.

Thicker, 74/2, _adv._ more frequently.

Thies, 49/_c, s. pl._ thighs, limbs. A.S. _theoh_. Icel. _thio_.

Thiller, 17/4, the shaft-horse, also the last horse in a team. A.S. _thil_, a pole or shaft. "Thylle horse, _veredus_."--Prompt. Parv.

Thoes, 19/40, pr. those.

Thon, 110, the one.

Thorow, 15/15, _v._ pass through.

Thother, 110, the other.

Thresh, 90/3, _v. imp._ whip, thrash.

Thresher, 86/13, _s._ a duster of furniture.

Thrift, page 3, _s._ fortune, success, prosperity. Icel. _thrif_.

Thriftie, 59/1, _adj._ thrifty, economical.

Thrift's ladder, 57/30, _s._ the ladder or road to fortune.

Thry-fallowing, 56/1, _s._ "the third fallow; perhaps also cross-fallowing."--Mavor. "The third plowing of a summer fallow."--T.R.

Thwack, 18/3, _v. imp._ thump, beat together.

Tiburne stretch, 114/35, an execution. See note E498.

Tide, 63/2, _pp._ tied, fastened.

Tidie, 57/22, _adj._ "An old word signifying neat, proper, or in season, from the word Tide."--T.R.

Tieth, 56/19, _s._ tithe.

Tilman, 16/4, _s._ farm labourers, ploughmen, etc.

Tilth, 4/2, _s._ tillage, cultivation. A.S. _tilð_, from _tilian_, to till.

Tilth, 47/2, the ground tilled.

Tilture, 38/21, _s._ tillage, cultivation.

Time, 39/41, _s._ thyme. θυμος [Greek: thymos], from θυω [Greek: thuo], fumigate, and identical with Lat. _fumus_, from its being used in sacrifices.

Timelie, 55/9, _adv._ in time.

Timely, 16/19, _adv._ early, soon.

Tine, 50/18, _s._ wild vetch or tare, a plant that _tines_ or encloses and imprisons other plants. _Vicia hirsuta_.

Tith, 56/12, _s._ tithe.

Tithers, 10/52, _s. pl._ payers of tithes.

Tithing, 10/52, _s._ paying tithes or dues.

Tits, 15/6, _s. pl._ horses. The phrase "a nice _tit_" is still in use.

Titters, 50/18, _s. pl._ a noxious weed amongst corn.

Tittle tattle, 22/3, chattering, gossipping.

To, 18/6, _prep._ for, as.

Tode, with an R, 62/17, _s._ See note E384.

Toesed, 114/5, _pp._ pulled, pinched. Cf. "to _tease_, or card wool." A.S. _tæsan_, to pull, pluck.

Toieng, 61/1, _pr. p._ playing, amusing ourselves.

Toies, 57/34, _s. pl._ amusements, occupations.

Toile, 2/11, _s._ labour, work.

Tolleth, 55/12, _v. pr. t._ takes toll.

Ton, ... tother, 55/8, the one ... the other.

Tone, 10/10, the one.

Tooteth, 94/2, _v. pr. t._ looks or strives anxiously. "_Tooting_ and prying."--Taylor's Workes, 1630, i. 119.

Toppingly, 49/1, _adj._ ?

Tost, 2/11, _v. pt. t._ agitated, harassed. Cf. _tease_.

Touch, 57/43, _s._ faith, honour, to keep touch, to keep faith, perform a promise. The phrase occurs in the Ballad of "George Barnwell," line 42.

Traie, 17/16, _s._ a mason's hod.

Traine, 32/2, _s._ draw. Fr. _trainer_, from L. Lat. _trahinare_, from Lat. _trahere_.

Transpose, 59/10, _v._ arrange, dispose of.

Trauell, page 2, _s._ labour, work. Fr. _travail_.

Trauerse, 59/2, _v._ start upon, proceed upon.

Treachery, 9/27, _s._ breach of faith, perfidy.

Treene, 85/10, _adj._ wooden.

Trew, 113/2, _adj._ true.

Trick, 15/35,_ adj._ neat, clean, tidy.

Tricketh, 94/5, _v. pr. t._ dresses up, furnishes.

Trickly, 73/3, _adj._ neat, tidy.

Trim, 23/9, _v._ repair.

Trim, 3/2, _adv._ quickly, at once, easily. A.S. _trum_.

Trimlie, 57/34, _adv._ neatly, cleanly.

Trinkets, 17/5, _s. pl._ porringers (Halliwell), Ray gives: counterfeits and trinkets, _s. pl._ porringers and saucers. Cheshire. See note in Prompt. Parv.

Triue, 59/2, _v. pr. t._ (for contrive), attempt, try.

Troffe, 17/9, _s._ a trough.

Trope, 28/2, _s._ a phrase. From Greek τροπὸς [Greek: tropos], a turning, lit., the use of a word or expression in a different sense from that which properly belongs to it.

Troth, 1/1, _s._ truth. See an article on the derivation of this word in "Leaves from a Word Hunter's Note Book," by Rev. A. S. Palmer, 1876, p. 73.

Trowleth, 59/6, _v. pr. t._ helps on, moves towards. Welsh _troliaw_, to _troll_ or trundle.

Trudge, 73/20, _v._ go, be spent.

Trudgeth, 10/21, _v. pr. t._ labours, journey's far.

Trull, 36/4, _s._ girl, lass.

Trustilie, 9/22. _adv._ confidingly.

Tullie, 112/5, Cicero.

Tumb, 106/15, _s._ the tomb, grave.

Tumbrel, 16/7, _s._ a tumbril, a dung-cart.

Turfe, 52/12, _s._ turf, peat. "Turfe of flagge, swarde of the erthe, _cespes_."--Prompt. Parv. "A Turfe, _cespes_."--Cathol. Angl.

Turnebroch, 80/2, _s._ Before the introduction of _jacks_, spits were turned either by dogs trained for the purpose, or by lads kept in the family, or hired, as occasion arose, to turn the spit, or _broach_. These boys were the _Turn-broaches_. See Halliwell.

Turn up, 46/18, _v._ deck, ornament.

Twelftide, 90/2, _s._ Twelfth Day, i.e. January 6th, twelve days after Christmas. "At the city of New Sarum is a very great faire for cloath at _Twelftyde_ called Twelfe Market."--Aubrey's Wilts. MS. Roy. Soc. p. 333.

Twifallow, 50/23, _v. imp._ till twice, plough twice. See Thry-fallowing.

Twiggers, 35/28, _s. pl._ first-class breeders. See Halliwell, s.v.

Twigging, 35/28, _s._ fast breeding.

Twinlings, 35/28, _s. pl._ twins (according to Dr. Mavor, but see note E177).

Twinning, 35/28, _s._ bearing twins.

Twise, 59/11, _adv._ twice.

Twitcher, 17/17, _s._ instruments used for clinching the _hog-rings_.--Mavor.

Twitchis, 53/2, _s._ pl. wounds, cuts.

U.

Undeskanted, 10/39, _pp._ untalked of.

Vndooeth, 10/46, _v._ ruins, destroys.

Vnfainedlie, 9/38, _adv._ unfeignedly, in truth.

Vnlustie, 19/24, _adj._ poor.

Vnmeete, 57/5, _adj._ unfit. A.S. _unmæte_.

Vnsauerie, 9/15, _adj._ wasteful, ruinous.

Vnshaken, 16/34, _adj._ perfect, in good order, free from _shakes_.

Vnspilt, 16/8, _pp._ not wasted.

Vntackle, 23/6, _v._ unyoke.

Vntangled, 57/50, _pp._ freed from the hop vines.

Vnthrift, 6/3, _s._ a prodigal, spendthrift.

Vnthriftely, 9/30*, _adv._ wastefully.

Vsher, 10/17, _s._ doorkeeper. O. Fr. _ussier, huissier_, from _uis, huis_, a door.

V.

Vaine, 18/8, _s._ liking, fancy.

Vainfull, 2/13, _adj._ vain, fickle.

Valerian, 45/24, _s._ Valerian. _Valeriana officinalis_, Linn.

Vance, 114/7, _v._ advance.

Vantage, 3/7, _s._ advantage, profit.

Vegetiue, 55/7, _adj._ belonging to the plant.

Vent, 19/27, _s._ sale, disposal. Fr. _vente_, from Lat. _vendere, venditum_, to sell. "There is no _vent_ for any commoditie except wool."--Sir W. Temple.

Venter, 83/4, _v._ venture, risk.

Ventrest, 19/35, _v. pr. t._ risk, venture.

Vergis, 18/42, _s._ verjuice, the juice of crab-apples, or other unripe fruit. Fr. _verjus_, from _vert_, green and _jus_, juice.

Verie, 92/4, _adj._ true, real.

Verlets, 63/18, _s. pl._ rascals, scoundrels. O. Fr. _varlet, vaslet_, now _valet_.

Vermin, 33/7, _v._ destroy the vermin.

Vew, 114/24, _s._ view, sight.

Vewe, 75/7, _v._ view, examine.

Vice, 64/19, _s._ buffoon. The fool or punchinello of old shows. "Light and lascivious poems, uttered by these buffoons or _vices_ in plays."--Puttenham, ii. 9, p. 69.

Villeny, 9/21, _s._ unfair or mean treatment.

Vitleth, 97/1, _v. pr. t._ eats, dines.

Vittels, 57/39, _s. pl._ provisions, food.

Voyd, 64*/4, _v._ avoid.

W.

Wadling, 35/45, _s._ wattling, wattled fence. "Wattles are wood slit."--T.R.

Wadmus (? Wadmul), page 37, note 1, a very thick, coarse kind of woollen cloth, made originally of Iceland wool. Icel. _vadmâl_. Halliwell, s.v. _Wadmal_.

Wag, 87/3, _s._ messenger.

Waid, 114/40, _pp._ considered, reflected on.

Waieth, 99/5, Waith, 101/5, _v. pr. t._ considers, reflects.

Waight, 56/24, _v. pr. t._ watch, wait about.

Waights, 10/44, _s._ weights, measures.

Waight, 99/1, _v._ attend or wait at table.

Waine, 48/22, _v. imp._ fetch, bring, lit. to convey in a _wain_ or wagon.

Waine, 16/7, _s._ waggon. A.S. _wæn, wägen_.

Wake day, 90/5, _s._ a village festival, kept originally on the day of the dedication of the parish church. See note E455.

Walke, 48/17, _s._ pasturing.

Wallow, 102/2, _v. pr. t._ make dirty, cover.

Wand, 33/45, _v. imp._ inclose with poles.

Wanteth, 94/8, _v. pr. t._ is in want.

Wantey, 17/5, _s._ a rope or leathern girdle, by which burdens are tied to the back of a horse; _wamb-tie_, a belly-band.

Wanton, 90/5, _s._ merry girl. O. E. _wantowen_, from _wan-_, prefix signifying lack or _want_, and _togen_, _pp._ of _teon_, to educate.

Wardens, 34/26, _s. pl._ a large baking pear. "I would have him roasted like a _warden_."--Beau. and Flet.

Warely, 115/2, _adv._ carefully, warily.

Wares, 22/19, _s. pl._ productions.

Warily, 10/34, _adv._ discreetly, cautiously. A.S. _wær_.

Warrener, 33/7, _s._ the keeper of a warren.

Wart, 114/5, _v. pr. t._ wert, wast.

Waster, 79/1, _s._ wasteful.

Water furrow, 19/7, _v. imp._ draw furrows across the ridges in the lowest part of the ground to act as drains or water-courses. "A watir furre, _elix_."--Cathol. Anglicum.

Water-retting, 16/25, _s._ retting is the process of steeping flax in water to separate the fibres. "Rettyn tymber, hempe or other like, _rigo, infundo_."--Prompt. Parv.

Wayest, 10/4, _v._ considerest.

Weather, 57/5, _v. imp._ dry in the open air.

Weene, 67/12, _v. pr. t._ think. A S. _wenan_.

Webster, 15/17, _s._ a weaver. A.S. _webbestre_, a female weaver.

*Wedehoke, 79, _s._ a weeding tool.

Weeles, 36/31, _s. pl._ snares or traps for fish made of osiers or twigs. "A weele, a wicker net, wherewith fishes being once entred, there is no way for them to get out; a bow net."--Nomenclator.

"There plenty is of roches, bleakes, or eeles, Which fishermen catche in their nets and weeles." --Newe Metamorphosis, 1600.

Wefte, 84/1, _s._ a loss.

Well a fine, 114/19, to a good end or purpose.

Welthines, 10/36, _s._ plenty, wealth.

Wenches, 57/34, _s. pl._ girls.

Wennel, 20/28, _s._ a calf just _weaned_. "A lambe, or a kidde, or a _weanell_ wast."--Spenser, Shep. Cal. September.

Wether, 90/7, _s._ weather.

Wheat plums, 34/27, _s. pl._ a large fleshy plum, sometimes called the bastard Orleans plum.

Wheele ladder, 17/6, _s._ "probably a frame on the side of a cart to support hay or corn when the load is to be increased."--Mavor.

Whelpe, 95/2, _s._ child.

Whereas, 21/25, _adv._ wherever.

Whight, 15/12, _adj._ white.

Whinnes, 53/12, _s. pl._ whin, furze.

Whipstock, 21/14, _s._ the handle of a whip.

"Bought you a whistle, and a _whip-stalk_ too, To be revenged on their villainies." --Span. Tragedy, iii. 180.

Whist, 64*/10, _v._ be silent, be hushed. "Keepe the _whisht_, and thou shalt heare it the sooner."--Terence in Eng. 1641.

Whit, 2/4, _s._ a point, no whit, not in the slightest degree. A.S. _wiht_, a creature, thing. Gothic _waiht_.

Whitch, 35/6, which sort.

Whit leather, 17/4, _s._ leather dressed with alum, salt, etc., remarkable for its pliability and toughness. "I think I'm as hard as a nut, and as tough as _whit-leather_."--Howitt.

Whitemeat, Whitmeat, 47/20, _s._ eggs, milk, butter, cheese, etc.

Wicket, 77/9, _s._ mouth.

Wight, 3/6, _s._ person, man. A.S. _wiht_. Gothic _waiht_.

Wild otes fantasie, 9/30*, the fancies or excesses of youth. Cf. "sowing his wild oats."

Wiles, 114/18, _s. pl._ tricks, deceits.

Wilfull, 35/4, _adj._ ready, hasty.

Wimble, 17/6, _s._ auger. "An auger or _wimble_, wherwith holes are bored, _terebra_ and _terebrum_."--Baret's Aluearie, 1580. _Gimlet_ is the dimin. from _wimble_.

Wine, 51/21, _v. imp._ win, make to please.

Wit, 16/3, _s._ sense, good judgment. A.S. _witt_.

Wither, 57/20, _v._ dry.

Wonne, 75/3, _pp._ managed, made up.

Wood, 13/5, _adj._ mad. A.S. _wod_.

Woodrofe, 44/17, _s._ sweet woodruff, _Asperula odorata_. A.S. _wudurôfe_.

Woodsere, 51/6, _s._ the month or season for cutting wood; but see next word. "If wood be cut after the sunne decline from us till he come to the equinoctial (which time they call _woodsere_), it will never grow againe."--Heydon, Def. of Astrology, 1603.

Woodsere, 53/15, _s._ "By woodsere is meant decayed or hollow Pollards."--T.R.; but in his note to this passage he says, "Woodsere is the season of felling wood."--T.R.

Woorser, 10/32, Worser, 63/15, _adv._ worse, a double comparative. A.S. _wyrsa_.

Woorth, 113/7, _s._ in worth = for what I am worth, _i.e._ as I can, what I can get.

Wot, 94/4, _ v. pr. t._ ye know not what, an indefinite expression.

Wote, 10/21, _v. pr. t._ know. A.S. _witan_; _pt. t. Ic wat_, I know.

Wounder, 2/2, _s._ wounder, slayer. A.S. _wundian_, to wound.

Wrall, 101/4, _v. pr. t._ quarrel.

Wraught, 114/35, _pp._ supplied, furnished.

Wrauling, 92/1, _s._ quarrelling.

Wrecke, 115/2, _v._ wreak, vent. A.S. _wrecan_.

Wrest, 11/1, _v._ turn, force away.

Wrest, 10/61, _v._ steal away, plunder.

Wresting, 89/13, _s._ struggling for, fighting for.

Wright, 68/1, _v._ write.

Wringer, 2/13, _s._ extortioner.

Write, 86/10, _v. imp._ mark, write the name on.

Wud, 33/16, _s._ wood. A.S. _wudu_.

Wull, 35/21, _s._ wool. A.S. _wull_. Gothic _wulla_.

Y.

Yarn, 21/13, _v. pr. t._ earn. A.S. _gearnian_.

Yeane, 33/21, _v._ bring forth young. A.S. _eanian_.

Yeerlie, 63/21, _adv._ ? = yarely, readily. A.S. _gearu_. O. L. Ger. _garu_.

Yerke, 64*/9, _v._ kick, wince. "They flirt, they _yerk_, they backward fling."--Drayton. "_Tire_, a kick, yark, jerk, jert."--Cotgrave.