CHAPTER III.--Schedules.
Schedule 1.--Persons 77 2.--Parts of the body 78 3.--Dress and ornaments 82 4.--Dwellings 84 5.--Implements and utensils 88 Wooden ware 90 Stone implements 91 Shell, horn, bone, &c. 92 Basket ware 93 Pottery 94 6.--Food 95 7.--Colors 96 8.--Numerals--Cardinal numbers 97 Ordinal numbers 98 Numeral adverbs, &c. 100 Multiplicatives 101 Distributives 102 9.--Measures 103 10.--Division of time 105 11.--Standards of value 107 12.--Animals--Mammals 109 Parts of body, &c., of mammals 113 Birds 115 Parts of body, &c., of birds 121 Fish 122 Parts of the body, &c., of fish 123 Reptiles 124 Insects 125 13.--Plants 127 14.--Geographic terms 129 15.--Geographic names 131 16.--The firmament, meteorologic and other physical phenomena and objects 132 17.--Kinship.--Relatives.--Lineal descendants of self, male speaking 134 Lineal ascendants of self, male speaking 135 First collateral line, male speaking 136 Second collateral line, male speaking 137 Third collateral line, male speaking 139 Fourth collateral line (male branch), male speaking 146 Fourth collateral line (female branch), male speaking 147 Lineal descendants of self, female speaking 148 Lineal ascendants of self, female speaking 149 First collateral line, female speaking 150 Second collateral line, female speaking 151 Third collateral line, female speaking 153 Fourth collateral line (male branch), female speaking 160 Fourth collateral line (female branch), female speaking 161 Affinities through relatives--Descendants of self, male speaking 162 First collateral line, male speaking 163 Second collateral line, male speaking 164 Third collateral line, male speaking 166 Affinities through the marriage of self, male speaking 171 Affinities through relatives--Descendants of self, female speaking 172 First collateral line, female speaking 173 Second collateral line, female speaking 174 Third collateral line, female speaking 176 Affinities through the marriage of self, female speaking 181 Ordinal names of children 182 18.--Social organization 183 19.--Government 185 20.--Religion 186 21.--Mortuary customs 187 22.--Medicine 189 23.--Amusements 191 24.--New words 192 25.--Number and gender of nouns--Demonstrative and adjective pronouns 196 26.--Personal and article pronouns--Transitive verbs 200 27.--Possession 206 28.--Intransitive verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, and nouns used as verbs 210 29.--Voice, mode and tense 221 30.--Additional investigations suggested 228
Experience had demonstrated the propriety of some changes in the alphabet and a considerable enlargement of the scheme as given in the first edition of the work, and in the second Major Powell has made many modifications. The schedule of relationship was so large that graphic representation was considered necessary, and charts were prepared which it was thought both the student and the Indian could follow it with comparative ease. Experience has shown that the idea was well founded.
As in the first edition, blank spaces were given after each schedule for such additions as might suggest themselves to the collector; and to further facilitate the work separate alphabet cards of convenient size accompanied the volume.
This publication has not been long enough in the hands of collectors to meet with great returns, though a sufficient number have been received, filled or partly filled, to justify the Bureau in anticipating, in the not distant future, the receipt of a body of material prepared according to scientific methods which, when published, will prove a valuable contribution to this branch of ethnologic research.
* * * * *
+Abbott+ (G. H.). Vocabulary of the Coquille; 180 words.
3 ll. folio. Collected in 1858, at the Silets Indian Agency.
+Anderson+ (Alexander C.). Concordance of the Athabascan Languages, with Notes.
12 ll. folio. Comparative vocabulary of 180 words of the following dialects: Chipwyan, Tacully, Klatskanai, Willopah, Upper Umpqua, Tootooten, Applegate Creek, Hopah Haynarger.
---- Notes on the Indians of the Northwest Coast.
12 ll. folio.
---- Vocabulary of the Klatskanai Dialect of the Tahculli, Athabasca; 180 words.
3 ll. folio.
+Arny+ (_Gov._ W. F. M.). Vocabulary of the Navajo Indians.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form. Collected in 1874. Governor Arny was assisted by Prof. Valentine Friese and Rev. W. B. Forrey.
+Arroyo de la Cuesta+ (_P._ Felipe). Idiomas Californios.
32 pp. folio. This manuscript, containing 12 short vocabularies, was copied from the original in Santa Barbara, Cal., by Mr. E. T. Murray. The following are the vocabularies: Esselen, or Huelel--Mutsun; San Antonio y San Miguel; San Luis Obispo; Nopthrinthres of San Juan Baptista--Yokuts; Canal de Santa Barbara; San Luis Rey; Karkin--Mutsun; Tuichun--Mutsun(?); Saclan; Suisun--Wintun; Hluimen, or Uhimen--Mutsun; Lathruunun--Yokuts.
+Azpell+ (_Assist. Surg._ Thos. F.). Vocabulary of the Hoopa, and Klamath; 200 words each.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form. Collected in California in 1870.
+Baer+ (John). Vocabularies of the Yerigen (Tchuktchi), 250 words; and of the Chaklock, 100 words.
10 ll. folio. Mr. Baer accompanied the Rogers Ex. Ex. The Yerigen words were collected in Glasenep Harbor, Straits of Seniavine, west side of Behring Straits. The Chaklock words from the inhabitants of the island of Chaklock, about two miles to the southward.
+Balitz+ (Antoine). Vocabulary of the Aleuts; 211 words.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form. Collected in the Aleutian Islands in 1868.
+Ballou+ (E.). Words, Phrases, and Sentences in the Shoshone Language.
162 pp. 4to. In Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages, 2 ed. Collected at the Shoshone and Bannock Agency, Wyoming Territory, 1880-1881. None of the schedules are neglected, and many are filled and additions made. Mr. Ballou has added much to the value of his manuscript by copious ethnologic notes.
+Bannister+ (Henry M.). Vocabulary of the Malimoot, Kotzebue Sound; 200 words.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form.
+Barnhardt+ (W. H.). Comparative Vocabulary of the Languages spoken by the Umpqua, Lower Rogue River, and Calapooa Indians; 160 words.
4 ll. folio.
+Barnhart+ (--.). Vocabulary of the Kalapuya; 211 words.
6 ll. folio. On Smithsonian form.
---- Vocabulary of the Lower Rogue River Indians; 211 words.
6 ll. folio. On Smithsonian form.
+Barker+ (J. C.). Vocabulary of the Indians of Santa Tomas Mission, Lower California; 150 words.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form. Collected in 1876.
+Bartlett+ (John Russell). Vocabularies of the Cahita, Opate, and Tarahumara; 200 words each.
7 ll. folio.
---- Vocabulary of the Ceris; 180 words.
6 ll. folio. Taken by Mr. Bartlett from Hermosillo, a native, January, 1852.
---- Vocabulary of the Cochimi; 180 words.
6 ll. folio.
---- Vocabulary of the Coco Maricopa; 180 words.
6 ll. folio.
---- Vocabulary of the Coppermine Apaches; 150 words.
6 ll. folio. Obtained by Mr. Bartlett from Mancus Colorado, a chief of the Coppermine Apaches, July, 1851.
---- Vocabulary of the Diegeno; 150 words.
6 ll. folio.
---- Vocabulary of the Dieguina; 180 words.
6 ll. folio. These Indians resided for 20 miles along the coast in the neighborhood of San Diego.
---- Vocabulary of the Hum-mock-a-ha-vi; 180 words.
6 ll. folio.
---- Vocabulary of the Kioway; 200 words.
6 ll. folio. On Smithsonian form. Collected from Esteban, a Mexican in the service of the Mexican Boundary Commission, who had been a captain seven years among the Comanches and Kioways in Texas.
---- Vocabulary of the Piro.
6 ll. folio. On Smithsonian form. Collected from two of the principal men of the pueblo of Sineca, a few miles below El Paso del Norte.
---- Vocabulary of the Tigua.
6 ll. folio. On Smithsonian form. Collected from Santiago Ortiz (Ahebatu), head chief of Sineca, Isleta, &c.
---- Vocabulary of the Yaqui of Sonora.
6 ll. folio.
---- Vocabulary of the Yuma or Cuchan; 180 words.
6 ll. folio. The above material was collected by Mr. Bartlett while on the Mexican Boundary Commission.
+Belden+ (_Lieut._ George P.). Vocabulary of the Chinook Jargon.
27 ll. 12mo. Alphabetically arranged.
---- Dictionary of the Snake, Crow, and Sioux, alphabetically arranged.
182 pp. 8vo. Collected in 1868.
+Bennett+ (_Lieut. Col._ Clarence B.). Vocabulary of the Yuma; 211 words.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form. Collected at Fort Yuma, 1864.
+Berendt+ (_Dr._ Carl Herman). Vocabulary of the Maya; 200 words.
6 ll. folio.
---- Comparative Vocabulary of the Mexican or Nahuatl and Maya Languages.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form, with a few additions.
+Berson+ (F.). Vocabulary of the Clear Lake Indians, California.
8 ll. sm. 4to. Collected in November, 1851. Copy of the original furnished by M. Alex. Pinart.
---- Yuki-English and English-Yuki Dictionary.
45 pp. sm. 4to Collected in 1851 from a band of Indians fifty miles south of Clear Lake, California. Copy of the original furnished by M. Alex. Pinart.
+Bierstadt+ (Albert). Vocabulary of the Sioux.
6 pp. folio. On Smithsonian form. Collected, 1863.
+Bissell+ (George P.). Vocabulary of the Coos, or Kusa, Oregon.
46 pp. 4to. In Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages, 1st ed.
---- Vocabulary of the Umpqua.
5 ll. 4to. Collected in 1876.
+Brackett+ (_Col._ A. G.). Vocabulary of the Absaraka, or Crow.
11 pp. folio. Collected at Fort Laramie, Wyoming, 1879.
+Butcher+ (_Dr._ H. B.) _and_ +Leyendecher+ (John). Vocabulary of the Comanche Indians; 200 words.
6 ll. folio. Collected April, 1867.
+Chamberlain+ (Montague). Words, Phrases, and Sentences in the Melicite (Malisit) Language, River St. John, New Brunswick.
In Introduction to Study of Indian Languages, 1st ed. Collected December, 1880.
+Chapin+ (_Col._ G.). Vocabulary of the Sierra Blanco Apaches.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form. Collected in 1867, Camp Goodwin, Arizona.
+Cheroki.+ Vocabulary of the Cherokee, or Tseloge; 88 words.
3 ll. folio. Collector unknown.
+Cooper+ (_Dr._ J. G.). Vocabulary of the Gros Ventres and Blackfoot.
6 pp. folio. On Smithsonian form. Collected 1861.
---- Vocabulary of the Siksikhōä, or Blackfoot; 180 words.
7 pp. folio. Recorded March, 1861.
---- Vocabulary of the Tshihalish; 180 words.
6 ll. folio.
+Corbusier+ (William H.). Vocabulary of the Apache-Mojave, or Yavape; and Apache-Yuma, or Tulkepa, with ethnopaphic notes.
54 pp. 4to. In Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages--nearly complete. Collected at the Rio Verde Agency, Arizona, 1873, ’74, ’75.
+Corliss+ (_Capt._ A. W.). Vocabulary of the Lacotah, or Sioux, Brulè band.
50 pp. 4to. “Notes made while at Spotted Tail’s Agency of Brulè Sioux Indians on the White River, in Dakota and Nebraska, in 1874.” In Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages, 1st ed. Copied from original manuscript loaned by Captain Corliss.
+Clark+ (W. C.). Vocabulary of the Modoc of Southern Oregon.
12 pp. 4to. In Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages, 1st ed. Collected in 1878 at Yáneks.
+Craig+ (R. O.). Vocabulary of the Skagit and Snohomish.
4 ll. 4to. Collected in 1858.
+Cremony+ (John C.). Vocabulary of the Mescalero Apaches.
6 ll. folio. Obtained by Captain Cremony at Fort Sumner, Bosque Redondo, on the Pecos River, N. Mex., in 1863.
+Crook+ (_Gen._ George). Vocabulary of the Hoopah of the Lower Trinity River, California; 180 words.
2 ll. 4to.
---- Vocabulary of the Tahluwah; 180 words.
3 ll. folio.
+Denig+ (E. T.). Vocabulary of the Blackfoot, by E. T. Denig, Indian agent, Fort Union.
6 pp. folio.
+Diezman+ (F. J.). Grammar of the Mosquito Indian Language, prepared by F. J. Diezman, of San Juan del Norte, Nicaragua.
16 ll. 4to. Prepared in 1865.
+Dorsey+ (James Owen). Myths, Stories, and Letters in the [¢]egiha Language.
750 pp. folio. This material is in hands of the printer, and will form Part I, Vol. 6, Contributions to North American Ethnology. It comprises 70 stories and myths and 300 letters, each with interlinear translation, explanatory notes, and free translation.
---- Grammar of the [¢]egiha Language.
800 pp. folio. Will form Part 2 of Vol. 6, Contributions to North American Ethnology.
---- [¢]egiha Dictionary--[¢]egiha-English and English-[¢]egiha, alphabetically arranged; contains 20,000 words.
22,000 slips. Will form Part 3 of Vol. 6, Contributions to North American Ethnology.
---- Linguistic Material of the Iowas, Otos, and Missouris.
1,000 pp. folio. Consists of myths, stories, and letters, with interlinear translation, a dictionary of 9,000 words, and a grammar.
---- Linguistic Material of the Winnebago Language.
75 pp. folio and 2,100 slips. Consists of a letter, grammatic notes, and dictionary of 2,000 words.
---- Kansas and Omaha Words and Phrases.
5 pp. folio.
+Eels+ (_Rev._ Myron). Words, Phrases, and Sentences in Chemakum.
37 ll. 4to. In Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages, 1st ed. Collected at the Skokomish Reservation, Washington Territory, 1878.
---- Words, Phrases, and Sentences in the S’klallam or Sclallam.
52 ll. 4to. In Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages, 1st ed., complete. Collected at the Skokomish Reservation in 1878. Includes plural forms and possessive cases of nouns and pronouns and the partial conjugation of the verb “to eat”.
---- Words, Phrases, and Sentences in the Skwâksin Dialect of the Niskwallî Language.
52 ll. 4to. In Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages, 1st ed., complete. Collected in 1878. Includes plural forms, possessive cases and diminutives of nouns, comparison of adjectives, cases of pronouns, and partial conjugation of the verbs “to eat” and “to drink”.
---- Words, Phrases, and Sentences in the Twana Language.
52 ll. 4to. In Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages, 1st ed., complete. Collected in 1878. Includes plural forms, possessive cases and gender of nouns, comparison of adjectives, possessive case of pronouns, and partial conjugation of the verbs “to eat” and “to drink”.
+Eskimo.+ Vocabularies (60 words each) of the Asiagmut, of Norton Bay; Kuskokvims, of Norton Bay; of the Indians near Mount St. Elias; of Kadiak Island; and of the Indians of Bristol Bay.
5 ll. folio.
+Euphrasia+ (_Sister_ M.). Exercises in the Papago Language, by Sister M. Euphrasia, St. Xavier’s Convent, Arizona.
6 ll. folio. Twenty-seven exercises, and phrases and sentences.
+Everett+ (William E.). Vocabulary of the Sioux, alphabetically arranged; by Will. E. Everett, Government Scout.
91 pp. folio.
+Flachenecker+ (_Rev._ George). Notes on the Shyenne Language, by Rev. Geo. Flachenecker, Lutheran Missionary, Deer Creek, Nebraska, September, 1862.
7 pp. folio.
+Fletcher+ (Robert H.). Vocabulary of the Nez Percés.
10 ll. folio. On Smithsonian form. Collected in 1873 in Idaho.
+Fuertes+ (E. A.). Vocabularies of the Chimalapa, or Zoque; Guichicovian, or Mixe; Zapoteco; and Maya; 200 words each.
17 ll. 4to. In parallel columns, accompanied by grammatic notes.
+Gabb+ (_Dr._ William M.). Vocabularies of the Cochimi and Kiliwee; 211 words each.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form. Collected April, 1867. The Cochimi vocabulary collected in the center of the peninsula of Lower California, in the vicinity of San Borja and Santa Gertrude; the Kiliwee 150 miles farther north.
---- Vocabulary of the Klamath of Southern Oregon; 150 words.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form. Collected in 1864.
---- Vocabulary of the Yuma; 186 words.
6 ll. folio. Collected in the vicinity of Fort Yuma.
---- Vocabulary of the Yuma and H’tääm.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form. Collected in 1867.
+Galbraith+ (F. G.). Vocabulary of the Indians of the Pueblo of Santa Clara, New Mexico.
14 ll. folio. Collected in 1880.
+Gardiner+ (_Bishop_ --.). Some forms of the Chipewyan verb.
5 ll. folio.
+Gardiner+ (W. H.). Vocabulary of the Sisseton Dakotas, by W. H. Gardiner, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form. Collected in 1868.
+Gatschet+ (Albert Samuel). Vocabulary of the Achomâwi, Pit River, Northeast California.
11 pp. folio. Includes dialects of Big Valley, Hot Springs, and Goose Lake.
---- Vocabulary of the Ara (Karok), Klamath River, California, from Red Caps to Clear Creek, near mouth of Scott River; 211 words.
6 ll. folio. On Smithsonian form.
---- Cheroki Linguistic Material obtained from Richard M. Wolfe, Delegate of the Cherokee Nation to the United States Government.
5 ll. folio. Principally phrases and sentences.
---- Words, Phrases, and Sentences in Clackama.
In Introduction to Study of Indian Languages, 1st ed. The Clackamas belong to the Chinuk family. Material collected at Grande Ronde Reservation, Yamhill County, Oregon, December, 1877.
---- Creek or Maskoki Linguistic Material obtained from General Pleasant Porter and Mr. R. Hodge, Delegates of the Creek Nation to the United States Government, 1879-’80.
4 ll. folio. Principally phrases and sentences.
---- Káyowē Linguistic Material.
10 pp. folio. Composed principally of sentences with translation. Collected February and March, 1880, from Itáli Duⁿmoi, or “Hunting Boy”, a young pupil of the Hampton, Va., school, employed at the Smithsonian Institution, and afterwards sent to the Indian School at Carlisle, Pa.
---- Linguistic Material of the Kalapuya family, Atfálati dialect.
Pp. 1-399. sm. 4to, in five blank books. Consists of texts with interlinear translation, grammatic notes, words, phrases, and sentences.
---- List of Suffixes of the Tualati or Atfálati Dialect of the Kalapuya of Oregon.
Blank book, sm. 4to. Arranged in 1878.
---- Words, Phrases, and Sentences of the Atfálati or Wápatu Lake Language.
In Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages, 1st ed.--nearly complete. Collected at Grande Ronde Agency, 1877.
---- Vocabulary of the Lúkamiute and Ahántchuyuk Dialects of the Kalapuya Family.
16 pp. 4to. In Introduction to de Study of Indian Languages, 1st ed., incomplete. Collected at Grande Ronde Indian Agency, 1877.
---- Words, Phrases, and Sentences of the Yamhill Dialect of the Kalapuya Family.
9 pp. 4to. In Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages, 1st ed., incomplete. Collected at the Grande Ronde Agency, 1877.
---- Vocabulary of the Kansas or Kaw.
12 pp. 4to. In Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages, 1st ed., incomplete.
---- Linguistic Material collected at the Chico Rancheria of the Michopdo Indians (Maidu family), Sacramento Valley, California.
84 pp. sm. 4to, blank book. Text with interlinear translation, phrases, and sentences. Collected in 1877.
---- Words, Phrases, and Sentences in the Mólale Language.
30 ll. 4to. In Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages, 1st ed. Collected at the Grande Ronde Agency, Oregon, in 1877.
---- Texts in the Mólale Language with Interlinear Translation.
12 ll. folio. Consists of a short description of marriage ceremonies, the “Myth of the Coyote”, and a “Raid of the Cayuse Indians”. Collected at the Grande Ronde Reserve in 1877, from Stephen Savage.
---- Vocabulary of the Mohawk.
7 ll. folio. Collected from Charles Carpenter, an Iroquois of Brantford, in 1876.
---- Vocabulary of the Nönstöki or Nestuccas Dialect of the Selish family.
10 ll. 4to. Collected in 1877 from an Indian called “Jack”, of Salmon River, Oregonian Coast. On Smithsonian form.
---- Sasti-English and English-Sasti Dictionary.
84 ll. sm. 4to. Alphabetically arranged from materials collected at Dayton, Polk County, Oregon, in November, 1877. The informants were two young men, the brothers Leonard and Willie Smith, pure blood Shasti (or Sásti) Indians, who had come from the Grande Ronde Indian Agency, a distance of 25 miles. Their old home is the Shasti Valley, near Yreka, Cal.
---- Shasti-English and English-Shasti Dictionary.
69 ll. sm. 4to. Obtained from “White Cynthia”, a Klamath woman living at Klamath Lake Reservation, Williamson River, Lake County, Oregon, in September, 1877. Dialect spoken at Crescent City, Cal.
---- Vocabulary of the Sáwăno or Shawnee.
7 pp. folio. Collected in 1879 from Bluejacket. Includes clans of the Shawnees with their totems.
---- Sháwano Linguistic Material.
24 pp. folio. Texts with interlinear translation, grammatic forms, phrases, and sentences. Collected February and March, 1880, from Charles Bluejacket, delegate of Shawano tribe to the United States Government.
---- Tonkawa-English and English-Tonkawa Dictionary.
52 pp. sm. 4to.
---- Words, Phrases, and Sentences in the Umpkwa Language.
22 ll. 4to. In Introduction to Study of Indian Languages, 1st ed. Collected at Grande Ronde Agency, 1877.
---- Vocabulary of the Warm Spring Indians, Des Chutes, Oreg.; 200 words.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form. Collected in 1875.
---- Vocabulary of the Wasco and Waccanéssisi Dialects of the Chinuk Family.
7 pp. folio. Taken at the Klamath Lake Agency, Oregon, 1877.
---- Vocabulary of the Zuñian Language, with grammatic remarks.
10 ll. folio. Obtained from a Zuñi boy about 10 years old, who was attending the Indian school at Carlisle, Pa., in 1880.
+Geisdorff+ (_Dr._ Francis). Vocabulary of the Mountain Crows.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form.
+Gibbs+ (George). Account of Indian Tribes upon the Northwest Coast of America.
10 ll. folio.
---- Comparisons of the Languages of the Indians of the Northwest.
23 ll. 8vo and folio.
---- Miscellaneous Notes on the Eskimo, Kenai, and Atna Languages.
25 ll. 4to in folio.
---- Notes on the Language of the Selish Tribes.
10 ll. folio.
---- Notes to the Vocabularies of the Klamath Languages.
7 ll. folio.
---- Indian Nomenclature of Localities, Washington and Oregon Territories.
7 ll. folio.
---- Observations on the Indians of the Klamath River and Humboldt Bay, accompanying Vocabularies of their Languages.
25 ll. folio.
---- Principles of Algonquin Grammar.
5 pp. 4to.
---- Vocabulary of the Chemakum and Mooksahk; 180 words.
3 ll. folio.
---- Vocabulary of the Chikasaw; 200 words.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form. Collected in 1866.
---- Vocabulary of the Clallam; 180 words.
3 ll. folio.
---- Vocabulary of the Cowlitz; 200 words.
10 ll. 4to.
---- Vocabulary of the Creek; 200 words.
10 ll. folio. On Smithsonian form. Collected in 1866.
---- Vocabulary of the Eskimo of Davis Strait; 211 words.
6 ll. folio. On Smithsonian form.
---- Vocabulary of the Hitchittie, or Mikasuki; 200 words.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form. Collected in 1866.
---- Vocabulary of the Hoopah; 180 words.
4 ll. folio. Collected at the mouth of the Trinity River, in 1852.
---- Vocabulary of the Indians of the Pueblo of Ysletta.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form. Collected in 1868.
---- Vocabulary of the Klikatat; 150 words.
6 ll. folio. Obtained from Yahtowet, a subchief, in 1854.
---- Vocabulary of the Kwantlen of Fraser’s River; 180 words.
5 ll. folio. Collected in 1858.
---- Vocabulary of the Makah; 200 words.
4 ll. 4to.
---- Vocabulary of the Makah; 180 words.
6 ll. folio. On Smithsonian form.
---- Vocabulary of the Molele, Santiam Band.
3 ll. folio.
---- Vocabulary of the Toanhootch of Port Gambol; 180 words.
3 ll. folio.
---- Vocabulary of the Willopah Dialect of the Tahcully, Athapasca; 100 words.
6 ll. folio.
---- Observations on the Indians of the Colorado River, California, accompanying Vocabularies of the Yuma and Mohave Tribes.
7 pp. folio.
---- Vocabulary of the Mohave; 180 words.
6 ll. folio. Obtained from a chief, Iritaba, in New York, 1863.
---- Vocabulary of the Sawanwan; 211 words.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form.
---- Vocabulary of the Yamhill Dialect of the Kalapuya; 211 words.
6 ll. folio. On Smithsonian form.
+Grossman+ (_Capt._ F. E.). Some Words of the Languages of the Pimo and Papago Indians of Arizona Territory.
80 pp. 4to. English-Pimo and Pimo-English, alphabetically arranged. Accompanied by a few grammatic notes and three stories with interlinear English translation. Collected at the Gila River Reservation during 1871.
+Gilbert+ (Grove Karl). Vocabulary of the Wallapai; 411 words.
23 ll. 4to. In Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages, 1st ed. Collected in 1878.
+Hale+ (Horatio). Vocabulary of the Tutelo, with remarks on the same.
30 pp. 4to.
+Hamilton+ (A. S.). Vocabulary of the Haynarger Dialect of the Tahcully, Athapasca; 180 words.
5 ll. folio.
+Hamilton+ (S. M.). Chippewa Vocabulary; 180 words.
20 pp. folio.
+Hamilton+ (_Rev._ William). Vocabulary of the Iowa and Omaha; 112 words.
12 ll. oblong folio.
---- Vocabulary of the Omaha, alphabetically arranged.
33 ll. 4to.
+Hazen+ (_Gen._ W. B.). Vocabulary of the Takilma; 211 words.
6 ll. folio. On Smithsonian form.
---- Vocabularies of the Upper Rogue River Languages--Applegate (Umpkwa), Takilma, and Shasta; 180 words each.
3 ll. folio.
+Heintzelman+ (_Gen._ --.). Vocabulary of the Cocopa; 100 words.
6 ll. folio. Copy of a MS. furnished Hon. John P. Bartlett by General Heintzelman.
---- Vocabulary of the Hum-mock-a-ha-vi; 180 words.
6 ll. folio. Copy of a MS. furnished Hon. John P. Bartlett by General Heintzelman.
+Helmsing+ (J. S.). Vocabulary of the M’mat of Southwest Arizona and Southeast California; 211 words.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form.
+Henderson+ (Alexander). Grammar and Dictionary of the Karif Language of Honduras (from Belize to Little Rock). Belize, 1872.
Pp. 1-340. 12mo in eight blank books.
+Higgins+ (N. S.). Notes on the Apaches of Arizona.
30 pp. folio. Includes a vocabulary of 200 words, names of tribes, etc.
+Husband+ (Bruce). Vocabulary of the Sioux.
6 ll. folio. On Smithsonian form. Collected at Fort Laramie, 1849.
+Jones+ (J. B.). Vocabulary of the Cherokee; mountain dialect; 200 words.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form. Collected in 1866.
+Jordan+ (_Capt._ Thomas). Vocabulary of the Cayuse; 180 words.
3 ll. folio.
+Kantz+ (August V.). Vocabulary of the Indians of the Pueblo of Isleta, N. Mex.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form. Collected in 1869.
---- Vocabulary of the Too-too-ten; 180 words.
6 ll. folio.
+Kirk+ (Charles W.). Hymns in the Wyandot Language.
24 ll. 4to.
+Kenicott+ (Robert). Vocabulary of the Chipewyan of Slave Lake.
6 ll. folio.
---- Vocabulary of the Hare Indians, of Fort Good Hope, Mackenzie River.
6 ll. folio.
---- Vocabulary of the Nahawny Indians of the Mountains west of Fort Liard.
6 ll. folio.
---- Vocabulary of the Tsuhtyuh (Beaver People)--Beaver Indians of Peace River west of Lake Athabasca; and of the Thekenneh (People of the Rocks) Siccanies of the Mountains, south of Fort Liard.
6 ll. folio.
+Kent+ (--.). List of names of Iowa Indians, with English translation.
8 pp. folio. Accompanied by a similar list revised by Rev. William Hamilton. 7 pp. folio.
+Keres.+ Vocabulary of the Keres; 175 words.
6 ll. folio. On Smithsonian form. Collector unknown.
+Knipe+ (C.). Nootka or Tahkahh Vocabulary; 250 words.
7 ll. folio. On Smithsonian form.
+Leyendecher+ (John Z.). _See_ +Butcher+ (_Dr._ H. B.) _and_ +Leyendecher+ (John Z.).
+MacGowan+ (_Dr._ D. J.). Vocabulary of the Caddo, with Linguistic notes.
8 pp. folio.
---- Vocabulary of the Comanches; 200 words.
6 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form. Collected in 1865.
+McBeth+ (S. L.). Vocabulary of the Nez Percé; 211 words.
7 ll. folio.
---- Grammar of the Nez Percé Language.
66 ll. folio.
+McDonald+ (Angus). Vocabulary of the Kootenay; 200 words.
6 ll. folio. On Smithsonian form.
+McElroy+ (Patrick D.). Vocabulary of the Jicarilla Apache; 275 words.
15 ll. 4to. Compiled at Cimarron, Colfax County, N. Mex., in 1875.
+Mahan+ (I. L.). Words, Phrases, and Sentences in Odjibwe.
Pp. 8-102. 4to. In Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages, 1st ed.--nearly complete. Collected at Bayfield, Wis., in 1879. Mr. Mahan is the Indian agent at Red Cliff Reserve, Wis.
+Meulen+ (_Lieut._ E. de). Vocabulary of the Kenay of Cook’s Inlet.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form. Collected in 1870.
+Milhau+ (_Dr._ John J.). Vocabulary of the Anasitch (Coos Bay, No. 1); 211 words.
6 ll. folio. On Smithsonian form.
---- Vocabulary of Coos Bay, No. 2; 211 words.
6 ll. folio. On Smithsonian form.
---- Vocabulary of the Coast Indians living on the streams emptying between Umpqua Head and Cape Perpetua, Oregon, and on the Umpqua River for twenty miles above the mouth.
3 ll. folio.
---- Vocabulary of the Hewut, Upper Umpqua, Umpqua Valley, Oregon. 180 words.
6 ll. folio.
---- Vocabulary of the Umpqua, Umpqua Valley, Oregon; 180 words.
3 ll. folio.
---- Vocabulary of the Yakona; 180 words.
3 ll. folio. Language of the Coast Indians lying between Cape Perpetua and Cape Foulweather, and up the Alseya and Yakona Rivers.
+Mowry+ (_Lieut._ Sylvester). Vocabulary of the Diegano; 175 words.
6 ll. folio. Taken from the interpreter at Fort Yuma--an intelligent Diegano who spoke Spanish fluently.
---- Vocabulary of the Mohave; 180 words.
6 ll. folio. Collected from Miss Olive Oatman, who was for years a prisoner among these Indians.
+Muskoki.+ Hymn: What a Friend we have in Jesus.
1 sheet folio. Translator unknown.
---- Vocabularies of the Creek and Cherokee; 211 words in parallel columns.
10 ll. folio. On Smithsonian form. Collected in 1867. Collector unknown.
+Nichols+ (A. Sidney). Vocabulary of the Navajo.
10 ll. folio. Collected in 1868.
+Noosoluph.+ Vocabularies of the Noosoluph, or Upper Chihalis, and Kwinaiutl.
11 pp. 4to. Collector unknown.
+Ober+ (Frederick A.). Vocabulary of the Carib; Islands of Dominica and St. Vincent; 211 words.
10 ll. folio. On Smithsonian form.
+Packard+ (Robert L.). Terms of relationship used by the Navajo Indians.
4 ll. folio. Collected at the Navajo Reservation, New Mexico, in 1881.
+Palmer+ (_Dr._ Edward). Vocabulary of the Indians of the Pueblo of Taowa; 40 words.
2 ll. folio.
---- Vocabulary of the Pinaleño and Arivaipa Apache; 200 words.
3 ll. 4to.
+Parry+ (_Dr._). Vocabulary of the Pima Indians; 150 words.
6 ll. folio. On Smithsonian form. Forwarded by Maj. W. H. Emory, 1852.
+Pâni.+ Vocabulary of the Hueco or Waco; 50 words.
6 ll. folio. On Smithsonian form. Collector unknown.
---- Vocabulary of the Kichai; 30 words.
6 ll. folio. On Smithsonian form. Collector unknown.
+Pike+ (_Gen._ Albert). Verbal forms in the Muscoki Language.
20 ll. folio. Seven verbs run through various tenses and modes.
---- Verbal forms of the Muscoki and Hichitathli.
27 ll. folio.
---- Vocabularies of the Creek or Muscogee, Uchee, Hitchita, Natchez, Co-os-au-da or Co-as-sat-te, Alabama, and Shawnee.
56 ll. folio. These vocabularies are arranged in parallel columns for comparative purposes, and contain from 1,500 to 1,700 words each. The manuscript was submitted to Mr. J. H. Trumbull, of Hartford, Conn., for examination, and was by him copied on slips, each containing one English word and its equivalent in the dialects given above, spaces being reserved for other dialects. They were then sent to Mrs. A. E. W. Robertson, of Tullahassee, Ind. T., who inserted the Chickasaw. These cards are also in the possession of the Bureau of Ethnology.
---- Vocabulary of the Osage; 200 words.
11 ll. folio.
---- Vocabulary of the Toncawe; 175 words.
10 ll. 4to.
+Pilling+ (James C.). Words and Phrases in the Wundát or Wyandot Language.
36 ll. folio. In Introduction to Study of Indian Languages, 1st ed., incomplete. Collected from John Grayeyes, a Wyandot Chief, 1880.
+Pope+ (_Maj._ F. L.). Vocabulary of Words from the Siccany Language.
14 pp. 4to. “The tribe known as the Sicannies inhabit the tract of country lying to the northwest of Lake Tatla, in British Columbia, and their language is nearly the same as that spoken by the Connenaghs, or Nahonies, of the Upper Stikine.”
+Poston+ (Charles D.). Vocabulary of the Pima Indians of Arizona; 180 words.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form.
+Powell+ (John Wesley). Conjugation of Ute Verbs.
438 ll. 4to.
---- Miscellaneous Linguistic Notes on the Utes and Pai-Utes of Colorado and Utah.
120 ll. 4to.
---- Notes on the Shinumo Language.
44 pp. 4to. Collected at Oraibi, N. Mex., in 1870.
---- Notes on the Songs, Mythology, and Language of the Pai-Utes, 1871-’72.
194 pp. folio.
---- Ute Vocabulary.
11 ll. 4to. Contains also a brief list of duals and plurals of nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and verbs.
---- Vocabulary of the Gosi-Ute.
71 ll. 4to. Collected from an Indian named Seguits, from Skull Valley, Nev., 1873.
---- Vocabulary of the Hu-muk-a-há-va (Mojaves); 55 words.
4 ll. 4to. Collected in Las Vegas Valley, Nev., October, 1873.
---- Vocabulary of the Indians of Las Vegas, Nev.
93 ll. 4to. Contains conjugation of the verbs “to strike” and “to eat.”
---- Vocabulary of the Navajo.
8 ll. folio. Collected in 1870 at Fort Defiance.
---- Vocabulary of the Noje.
10 ll. 4to. Collected in 1881.
---- Vocabulary of the Pavants of Utah.
17 ll. 4to. Obtained from Kanosh, a chief of the Pavants, in 1873.
---- Vocabulary of the Paviotso.
61 ll. 4to. Collected from Naches, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1873.
---- Vocabulary of the Paviotso.
77 ll. 4to. Collected in Humboldt Valley, Nevada, 1880.
---- Vocabulary of the Paviotso, Western Nevada.
25 pp. 4to. In Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages, 2d ed., incomplete. Collected in 1880.
---- Vocabulary of the Shoshoni of Nevada.
9 ll. 4to.
---- Vocabulary of the Shoshoni of Western Nevada.
37 ll. 4to and folio. Collected in 1880.
---- Vocabulary of the Tabuat Utes, Grand River, Colorado.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form. Collected in 1868.
---- Vocabulary of the Tantawaits (Shimawiva).
18 ll. 4to. Obtained from an Indian at Las Vegas, Nev., 1873.
---- Vocabulary of the Tosauwihi--Shoshoni of Eastern Nevada.
56 ll. 4to. Collected from an Indian called Captain Johnson, in 1873.
---- Vocabulary of the Uchi; 50 words.
2 ll. folio.
---- Vocabulary of the Ute Indians of Utah.
16 ll. 4to. Obtained of an Indian named Pompuwar, in 1873.
---- Vocabulary of the Utes of Weber River, Utah.
23 pp. 8vo and 4to. Collected in 1877.
---- Vocabulary of the Utes of the White and Uinta Rivers, Utah.
62 ll. 4to.
---- Vocabulary of the Wintu´n.
40 ll. 4to. Collected in 1880.
---- Words, Phrases, and Sentences in the Kaivavwit Dialect of the Shoshoni Language.
103 ll. 4to. Obtained from a band of Indians living on Kaibab Creek, Southern Utah.
---- Words, Phrases, and Sentences of the Ute Indians of Utah Territory.
487 ll. 4to.
---- Vocabulary of the Kootenay; 185 words.
2 ll. folio. Mr. Powell is Superintendent of Indian Affairs, Canada.
+Powers+ (Stephen). Vocabulary of the Modoc; 31 words.
1 sheet folio.
---- Vocabulary of the Tolowa; 10 words.
1 l. folio.
---- Vocabularies of the Wailakki and Hupâ Languages; 211 words each.
6 ll. folio. On Smithsonian form.
---- Vocabulary of the Washo; 211 words.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form. Collected at Carson City, Nev., 1876.
+Preston+ (_Capt._ William). Vocabulary of the Delewes.
1 p. folio. This and the three following vocabularies were taken in 1796 by Capt. William Preston, Fourth United States Regulars, and found in a memorandum book originally belonging to him, but now in the possession of his grandson, Prof. William P. Johnson, of the Washington and Lee University.
---- Vocabulary of the Potawatomy; 50 words.
1 p. folio.
---- Words and Sentences in Miami.
6 pp. folio.
---- Words, Phrases, and Sentences in Shawannee.
7 pp. folio.
+Renshawe+ (John Henry). Vocabulary of the Hualapi.
21 ll. 4to. In Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages, 1st ed. Collected in 1878 on the Colorado Plateau, Arizona.
+Ridgway+ (Robert). Vocabulary of the Washo; 75 words.
5 ll. folio. Collected at Carson City, Nev.
+Riggs+ (_Rev._ Alfred Longley). Language of the Dakotas and cognate tribes; by Alfred L. Riggs, A.B., B.D., Missionary of the American Board.
24 ll. 8vo.
+Riggs+ (_Rev._ Stephen Return). Comparative Vocabulary of the Dakota, Winnebago, Omaha, and Ponka.
9 ll. folio. Includes a few grammatic forms.
---- Dictionary of the Santee Dakota--Dakota-English and English-Dakota.
820 pp. folio. This material is in the hands of the printer, and will form Part 2 of Vol. 7, Contributions to North American Ethnology. Part 1 will consist of myths and stories with interlinear translation, and a Grammar of this dialect. It is in an advanced stage of preparation.
+Robertson+ (_Mrs._ Ann Eliza Worcester). Vocabulary of the Chickasaw.
On slips. _See_ Pike (_Gen._ Albert).
+Roehrig+ (F. L. O.) Comparative Vocabulary of the Selish Languages.
50 pp. folio. Includes words in Selish proper, or Flathead; Kalispelm; Spokan; Skoyelpi; Okinaken; S’chitsui; Shiwapmuth; Piskwaus.
---- Comparative Vocabulary of the Selish Languages, second series.
42 ll. 4to. Includes words of the following dialects: Clallam, Lummi, Nooksahk, Nanaimook, Kwantlen, and Tait.
+Ross+ (R. B.). Vocabulary of a Dialect of the Tinnean Language.
6 ll. folio.
---- Vocabulary of the Chipewyan.
6 ll. folio.
---- Vocabulary of the Natsit Kutchin (Strong Men).
6 ll. folio. Procured from an Indian who had been several years in the Hudson Bay Company’s service.
---- Vocabulary of the Nehaunay of Nehaunay River.
6 ll. folio. Collected from a member of one of the tribes residing in the mountainous country between the Liard and Mackenzie Rivers.
---- Vocabulary of the Kutcha Kutchin, Yukon River.
6 ll. folio. Procured from Mr. Hardesty, who had resided among these Indians for about ten years.
---- Vocabulary of the Sikani.
6 ll. folio.
+Semple+ (J. E.). Vocabulary of the Clatsop Language; 35 words.
1 l. 4to. Collected in 1870, near Fort Stevens, Oregon.
+Sherwood+ (_Lieut._ W. L.). Vocabulary of the Sierra Blanco and Coyotero Apaches, with notes.
7 ll. folio.
+Shortess+ (Robert). Vocabulary of the Chinook.
5 pp. folio.
+Smart+ (_Capt._ Charles). Vocabulary of the Coyotero Apaches, with notes.
8 ll. folio. Collected in 1866 at Fort McDowell, Arizona.
+Smith+ (E. Everett). Vocabulary of the Malemute, Kotzebue Sound; 190 words.
10 pp. 4to. On Smithsonian form.
+Stubbs+ (A. W.). Vocabulary of the Kansas or Kaw.
In Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages, 1st ed.--not complete.
+Sutter+ (Emil V.). Maidu Vocabulary; 60 words.
2 ll. folio. Collected from the Indians of Feather and Yuba Rivers.
+Swan+ (James G.). A Criticism on the Linguistic Portion of Vol. I, Contributions to North American Ethnology.
4 ll. folio.
---- A Vocabulary of the Language of the Haida Indians of Prince of Wales Archipelago.
19 pp. 8vo.
---- Vocabulary of the Makah.
21 ll. folio. Alphabetically arranged.
---- Vocabulary of the Makah.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form.
+Tassin+ (_Lieut._ A. G.). Vocabulary of the Arrapaho; 60 words.
1 l. folio.
+Thomas+ (_Gen._ George H.). Vocabulary of the Navajo and Yuma Languages.
8 ll. 4to. 35 Navajo words; 100 of the Yuma.
+Thompson+ (Almond Harris). Vocabulary of the Navajo.
5 ll. 12mo and 8 ll. 4to.
+Tinnéan.+ Vocabulary of the Hong Kutchin.
4 ll. folio. Collector unknown.
+Tolmie+ (_Dr._ William F.). Vocabulary of the Cootonais or Cuttoonasha; 75 words.
1 l. folio.
+Tolmie+ (_Dr._ William F.). Vocabulary of the Kootnay; 165 words.
3 ll. folio. On Smithsonian form.
---- Vocabulary of the Tahko Tinneh; 60 words.
1 l. folio.
+Vetromile+ (_Rev._ Eugene). A Dictionary of the Abnaki Language--English-Abnaki and Abnaki-English.
3 vols. folio. Material collected by Father Vetromile while missionary among the Abnakis during the years 1855 to 1873. Volume 1, pp. 1-573 contains prefatory remarks, description of the alphabet used, synopsis of the Abnaki language, including brief grammatic remarks, a table of abbreviations, and the Abnaki-English dictionary from A to H, inclusive. Volume 2, pp. 3-595, contains further remarks on the grammar, and a continuation of the Abnaki-English dictionary, I to Z, inclusive. The dictionary in each of these volumes is divided into four columns; the first containing words from the Abnaki dictionary of the Rev. Father Rasles; the second, words in the Penobscot; the third, Mareschit; and the fourth, Micmac. Volume 3, pp., 1-791, contains the Abnaki-English dictionary, A to Z, and includes words in the Penobscot, Etchimin, Mareschit, Micmac, Montagnie, and Passamaquoddy dialects.
+Wabass+ (--.). Vocabularies of the Chinook and Cowlitz Languages.
1 l. folio. Collected in 1858.
+White+ (Ammi M.). Vocabulary of the Pima and Papago Indians; 200 words.
10 ll. 4to. On Smithsonian form. Collected at the Pima and Maricopa Agency, Arizona, 1864.
+White+ (_Dr._ John B.). Classified List of the Prepositions, Pronouns, &c., of the Apache Language.
2 ll. 4to.
---- Degrees of Relationship in the Language of the Apache.
2 ll. 4to.
---- Names of the different Indian Tribes in Arizona, and the Names by which they are called by the Apaches.
5 ll. 4to.
---- Remarks on the General Relations of the Apache Language.
7 ll. 4to.
---- Sentences in Apache, with a classification of men, women, and children with the Apache names.
15 pp. 12mo. Collected in 1873 at the Apache Reservation in Arizona.
---- Vocabulary of the Apache and Tonto Languages.
110 pp. 12mo. Collected at San Carlos Reservation in 1873, ’74, ’75.
---- Sentences in the Tonto Language.
5 pp. 4to.
+Willard+ (Celeste N.). Vocabulary of the Navajo.
10 ll. folio. Collected in 1869.
+Williamson+ (_Rev._ Thomas S.). Comparative Vocabulary of the Winnebago, Omaha, Ponka, and Dakota, with remarks on the same.
38 pp. 4to.
+Wowodsky+ (_Gov._ --.). Vocabulary of the Keni of Cook’s Inlet Bay.
2 ll. folio.
+Wright+ (_Rev._ Allen). Vocabulary of the Chahta or Choctaw; 211 words.
10 ll. folio. On Smithsonian form. Collected in 1866.
* * * * * * * * *
_Errors and Inconsistencies: Linguistic Manuscripts_
none was found against which there was not serious objections [_text unchanged_] Vocabulary of the Kioway ... On Smithsonian form. [Smithonian] +Corbusier+ (William H.) ... with ethnopaphic notes. [_text unchanged: error for “ethnographic” in original?_] Sasti-English and English-Sasti Dictionary ... who had come from the Grand Ronde Indian Agency [Grand]
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION--BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY.
J. W. Powell, Director.
Illustration Of The Method
of
RECORDING INDIAN LANGUAGES.
From the Manuscripts of
Messrs. J. O. Dorsey, A. S. Gatschet, and S. R. Riggs.
[Transcriber’s Note (Recording Indian Languages):
In this article, the plus sign + is part of the printed text. It is not used for any other purpose. Bracketed numbers are line numbers, used in the Notes; they were printed at the end of every third line. When a narrative spans two pages, the new page number is shown on a line by itself. There are no footnotes.
The following special characters appear primarily in this article:
χ (Greek chi) ŋ (eng, here equivalent to small raised n) Ś ś ć ź (s, c, z with "acute") ć̣ (c with "acute" and under-dot) Ḵ ḵ ḳ (k with underline, under-dot) ġ ḣ (g, h with dot over)]
CONTENTS.
How the rabbit caught the sun in a trap, by J. O. Dorsey 581 Details of a conjurer’s practice, by A. S. Gatschet 583 The relapse, by A. S. Gatschet 585 Sweat-Lodges, by A. S. Gatschet 586 A dog’s revenge, by S. R. Riggs 587
* * * * *
ILLUSTRATION OF THE METHOD
OF RECORDING INDIAN LANGUAGES.
* * * * *
HOW THE RABBIT CAUGHT THE SUN IN A TRAP.
An Omaha Myth, obtained from F. LaFlèche by J. Owen Dorsey.
Egi¢e mactciñ´ge aká iʞaⁿ´ It came to pass rabbit the sub. his grandmother
¢iñké ená-qtci ʇig¢e júgig¢á-biamá. the st. ob. only dwelt with his own, they say.
Kĭ haⁿ´egaⁿtcĕ´-qtci-hnaⁿ´ ‘ábae ahí-biamá. And morning very habitually hunting went thither they say.
Haⁿegaⁿtcĕ´-qtci a¢á-bi morning very went, they say
ctĕwaⁿ´ níkaciⁿga wiⁿ´ sí snedĕ´-qti-hnaⁿ notwithstanding person one foot long very as a rule
síg¢e a¢á-bitéamá. Kĭ íbahaⁿ [3] gaⁿ¢á-biamá. trail had gone, they say. And to know him wished they say.
Níaciⁿga ¢iⁿ´ ĭⁿ´taⁿ wítaⁿ¢iⁿ b¢é tá miñke, Person the mv. ob. now I-first I go will I who,
e¢égaⁿ-biamá. thought they say.
Haⁿ´egaⁿcĕ´-qtci páhaⁿ-bi egaⁿ´ a¢á-biamá. Morning very arose they say having went they say.
Cĭ égi¢e níkaciⁿga amá síg¢e Again it happened person the mv. sub. trail
a¢á-bitéamá. Égi¢e akí-biamá. had gone, they say. It came to pass he reached home, they say.
Gá-biamá: ʞaⁿhá, wítaⁿ¢iⁿ b¢é [6] Said as follows, they say: grandmother, I--first I go
aʞídaxe ctĕwaⁿ´ níkaciⁿga wíⁿ´¢e I make for myself in spite of it person one
aⁿ´aqai a¢aí te aⁿ´. [K]aⁿhá, uʞíaⁿ¢e getting ahead of me he has gone. Grandmother snare
dáxe tá minke, kĭ b¢íze tá miñke hă. I make it will I who, and I take him will I who .
Átaⁿ jaⁿ´ tadaⁿ´, á-biamá wa‘újiñga aka. Why you do it should? said, they say old woman the sub.
Níaciⁿga i¢át´ab¢é hă, á-biamá. Person I hate him . said, they say.
Kĭ mactciñ´ge a¢á-biamá. [9] And rabbit went they say.
A¢á-bi ʞĭ cĭ síg¢e ¢étéamá. Went they say when again trail had gone.
[K]ĭ haⁿ´ tĕ i¢ápe jaⁿ´-biamá. And night the waiting for lay they say.
Man´dĕ-ʞaⁿ ¢aⁿ ukínacke gaxá-biamá, bow string the ob. noose he made it they say,
kĭ síg¢e ¢é-hnaⁿ tĕ ĕ´di i¢aⁿ´¢a-biamá. and trail went habitually the there he put it they say.
Égi¢e haⁿ´+egaⁿ-tcĕ´-qtci uʞíaⁿ¢e ¢aⁿ It came to pass morning very snare the ob.
giʇaⁿ´be ahí-biamá. to see his own arrived they say.
Égi¢e [12] miⁿ´ ¢aⁿ ¢izé akáma. It came to pass sun the cv. ob. taken he had, they say.
Taⁿ´¢iⁿ-qtciⁿ u¢á ag¢á-biamá. Running very to tell went homeward, they say.
[K]aⁿhá ĭndádaⁿ éiⁿte b¢íze Grandmother, what it may be I took
édegaⁿ aⁿ´baaze-hnaⁿ´ hă, á-biamá. but me it scared habitually . said they say.
[K]aⁿhá, man´de-ʞaⁿ ¢aⁿ ag¢íze Grandmother, bow string the ob. I took my own
kaⁿbdédegaⁿ aⁿ´baaze-hnaⁿ´i hă, á-biamá. I wished, but me it scared habitually . said they say.
Máhiⁿ a¢iⁿ´-bi egaⁿ´ [15] Knife had they say having
[582]
ĕ´di a¢á-biamá. Kĭ ecaⁿ´-qtci ahí-biamá. there went, they say. And near very arrived they say.
Píäjĭ ckáxe. Eátaⁿ égaⁿ ckáxe ă. Bad you did. Why so you did ?
Ĕ´di gí-adaⁿ´ iⁿ¢ická-gă hă, Hither come and for me untie it ,
á-biamá miⁿ´ aká. Mactciñ´ge aká said, they say sun the sub. Rabbit the sub.
ĕ´di a¢á-bi ctĕwaⁿ´ naⁿ´pa-bi there went they say notwithstanding feared they say
egaⁿ´ hébe íhe a¢é-hnaⁿ´-biamá. having partly passed by went habitually they say.
Kĭ [3] ʞu‘ĕ´ a¢á-bi egaⁿ´ And rushed went they say having
mása-biamá man´dĕ-ʞaⁿ ¢aⁿ´. cut with a knife they say bow string the ob.
Gañ´ki miⁿ´ ¢aⁿ maⁿ´-ciáha áiá¢a-biamá. And sun the cv. ob. on high had gone, they say.
Kĭ mactciñ´ge aká ábáʞu And Rabbit the sub. space bet. the shoulders
hiⁿ´ ¢aⁿ názi-biamá hair the ob. burnt yellow they say
ánakadá-bi egaⁿ´. it was hot on it, they say having.
(Mactciñ´ge amá akí-biamá.) (Rabbit the mv. sub. reached home, they say.)
Ĭtcitci+, ʞaⁿhá, [6] ná¢iñgĕ-qti-maⁿ´ hă, Itcitci+!! grandmother, burnt to nothing very I am .
á-biamá. [T]úcpa¢aⁿ+, said, they say. Grandchild!!
iⁿ´na¢iñgĕ´-qti-maⁿ´ eskaⁿ´+, á-biamá. burnt to nothing very I am I think, said, they say. for me
Cetaⁿ´. So far.
NOTES.
581, 1. Mactciñge, the Rabbit, or Si¢e-makaⁿ (meaning uncertain), is the hero of numerous myths of several tribes. He is the deliverer of mankind from different tyrants. One of his opponents is Ictinike, the maker of this world, according to the Iowas. The Rabbit’s grandmother is Mother Earth, who calls mankind her children.
581, 7. a¢ai te aⁿ. The conclusion of this sentence seems odd to the collector, but its translation given with this myth is that furnished by the Indian informant.
581, 12. haⁿ+egaⁿtcĕ-qtci, “ve--ry early in the morning.” The prolongation of the first syllable adds to the force of the adverb “qtci,” _very_.
582, 3. hebe ihe a¢e-hnaⁿ-biama. The Rabbit tried to obey the Sun; but each time that he attempted it, he was so much afraid of him that he passed by a little to one side. He could not go directly to him.
582, 4. 5. maⁿciaha aia¢a-biama. When the Rabbit rushed forward with bowed head, and cut the bow-string, the Sun’s departure was so rapid that “he had _already_ gone on high.”
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS MYTH.
cv. curvilinear. mv. moving. st. sitting. sub. subject. ob. object.
TRANSLATION.
Once upon a time the Rabbit dwelt in a lodge with no one but his grandmother. And it was his custom to go hunting very early in the morning. No matter how early in the morning he went, a person with very long feet had been along, leaving a trail. And he (the Rabbit), wished to know him. “Now,” thought he, “I will go in advance of the person.” Having arisen very early in the morning, he departed. Again it happened that the person had been along, leaving a trail. Then he (the Rabbit) went home. Said he, “Grandmother, though I arrange for myself to go first, a person anticipates me (every time). Grandmother, I will make a snare and catch him.” “Why should you do it?” said she. “I hate the person,” he said. And the Rabbit departed. When he went, the foot-prints had been along again. And he lay waiting for night (to come). And he made a noose of a bow-string, putting it in the place where the foot-prints used to be seen. And he reached there very early in the morning for the purpose of looking at his trap. And it happened that he had caught the Sun. Running very fast, he went homeward to tell it. “Grandmother, I have caught something or other, but it scares me. Grandmother, I wished to take my bow-string, but I was scared every time,” said he. He went thither with a knife. And he got very near it. “You have done wrong; why have you done so? Come hither and untie me,” said the Sun. The Rabbit, although he went thither, was afraid, and kept on passing partly by him (or, continued going by a little to one side). And making a rush, with his head bent down (and his arm stretched out), he cut the bow-string with the knife. And the Sun had already gone on high. And the Rabbit had the hair between his shoulders scorched yellow, it having been hot upon him (as he stooped to cut the bow-string). (And the Rabbit arrived at home.) “Itcitci+!! O grandmother, the heat has left nothing of me,” said he. She said, “Oh! my grandchild! I think that the heat has left nothing of him for me.” (From that time the rabbit has had a singed spot on his back, between the shoulders.)
DETAILS OF A CONJURER’S PRACTICE.
In the Klamath Lake Dialect. Obtained from Minnie Froben, by A. S. Gatschet.
Máḵlaks shuákiuk kíuksash ḵá-i gû´l’hi Indians in calling the conjurer not enter
húnkĕlam ládshashtat, ndéna sha’hmóknok; his into lodge, they halloo to call (him) out;
kíuksh toks wán kiukáyank the conjurer red fox hanging out on a pole
mû´luash m’na kaníta pî´sh. as sign his outside “of him.”
Kukíaks tchû´tanish gátp’nank wigáta Conjurers when treating approaching close by
tchélχa mā´shipksh. [3] sit down the patient.
Lútatkish wigáta kíukshĕsh tcha’hlánshna. The expounder close to the conjurer sits down.
Shuyéga kíuks, wéwanuish tchīk winóta Starts choruses the conjurer, females then join in singing
liukiámnank nadshā´shak tchûtchtníshash. crowding around him simultaneously while he treats (the sick).
Hánshna He sucks
[584]
mā´shish hû´nk hishuákshash, diseased that man,
tátktish î´shkuk, hantchípka tchī´k kukuága, the disease to extract, he sucks out then a small frog,
wishinkága, mû´lkaga, ḵáḵo gî´ntak, small snake, small insect, bone afterwards,
káhaktok nánuktua nshendshkáne. whatsoever anything small.
Ts’û´ks toks ké-usht tchékĕle ítkal; A leg being fractured the (bad) blood he extracts;
lúlp toks mā´shisht [3] eyes but being sore
tchékĕlitat lgû´m shû´kĕlank ḵî´tua lû´lpat, into blood coal mixing he pours into the eyes,
kû´tash tchish kshéwa lúlpat pû´klash a louse too introduces into the eye the white of eye
tuiχámpgatk ltúiχaktgi gíug. protruding for eating out.
NOTES.
583, 1. shuákia does not mean to “_call on somebody_” generally, but only “_to call on the conjurer_ or medicine man”.
583, 2. wán stands for wánam nī´l: the fur or skin of a red or silver fox; kaníta pî´sh stands for kanítana látchash m’nálam: “outside of his lodge or cabin”. The meaning of the sentence is: they raise their voices to call him out. Conjurers are in the habit of fastening a fox-skin outside of their lodges, as a business sign, and to let it dangle from a rod stuck out in an oblique direction.
583, 3. tchélχa. During the treatment of a patient, who stays in a winter house, the lodge is often shut up at the top, and the people sit in a circle inside in utter darkness.
583, 5. liukiámnank. The women and all who take a part in the chorus usually sit in a circle around the conjurer and his assistant; the suffix -mna indicates close proximity. Nadshā´shak qualifies the verb winóta.
583, 5. tchûtchtníshash. The distributive form of tchû´t’na refers to each of the _various_ manipulations performed by the conjurer on the patient.
584, 1. mā´shish, shortened from māshípkash, mā´shipksh, like ḵ’lä´ksh from k’läkápkash.
584, 2. 3. There is a stylistic incongruity in using the distributive form, only in kukuàga (kúe, _frog_), káhaktok, and in nshendshkáne (nshekáni, npshékani, tsékani, tchékĕni, _small_), while inserting the absolute form in wishinkága (wíshink, _garter-snake_) and in ḵáḵo; mû´lkaga is more of a generic term and its distributive form is therefore not in use.
584, 2. káhaktok for ká-akt ak; ká-akt being the transposed distributive form kákat, of kát, which, what (pron. relat.).
584, 4. lgû´m. The application of remedial _drugs_ is very unfrequent in this tribe; and this is one of the reasons why the term “conjurer” or “shaman” will prove to be a better name for the medicine man than that of “Indian doctor”.
584, 4. kû´tash etc. The conjurer introduces a louse into the eye to make it eat up the protruding white portion of the sore eye.
KÁLAK.
THE RELAPSE.
In the Klamath Lake Dialect by Dave Hill. Obtained by A. S. Gatschet.
Hä náyäns hissuáksas mā´shitk kálak, When another man fell sick as relapsed,
tsúi kíuks nä´-ulakta tchutánuapkuk. then the conjurer concludes to treat (him).
Tchúi tchúta; tchúi yá-uks huk And he treats; and remedy this
shläá kálak a gēk. finds out (that) relapsed he.
Tchí huk shuî´sh sápa. Tsúi nā´sh shuī´sh Thus the song-remedy indicates. And one song-remedy
sáyuaks hû´mtcha kálak, having found out (that) of the kind of relapsed (he is),
tchúi [3] nánuk hûk shuī´sh tpä´wa then all those remedies indicate
hû´nksht kaltchitchíkshash heshuampĕlítki gíug. (that) him the spider (-remedy) would cure.
Tchúi hû´k káltchitchiks yá-uka; Then the spider treats him;
ubá-us hûk káltchitchiksam tchutĕnō´tkish. a piece of deer-skin of the spider (is) the curing-tool.
Tsúi húkantka ubá-ustka tchutá; Then by means of that deer-skin he treats (him);
tätáktak huk [6] kálak mā´sha, just the size of the spot that relapse is infected,
gä´tak ubá-ush ktû´shka tä´tak huk mā´sha. so much of deer-skin he cuts out as where he is suffering.
Tsúi hûk káltchitchiks siunóta Then the “spider” song is started
nä´dsḵank hû´nk ubá-osh. while applying that skin piece.
Tchû´yuk p’laíta nétatka skútash, And he over it he stretches a blanket,
tsúi sha hû´nk udû´pka hänä´shishtka, and they it strike with conjurer´s arrows,
tsúi hû´k [9] gutä´ga tsulä´kshtat; then it enters into the body;
gä´tsa lû´pí kiatéga, tsúi tsulē´ks ḵ’läká, a particle firstly enters, then (it) body becomes,
tchúi at pushpúshuk shlē´sh hûk ubá-ush. and now dark it to look at that skin-piece.
Tsúi mā´ns tánkĕni ak waítash Then after a while after so and so many days
hû´k pûshpúshli at mā´ns=gîtk tsulä´ks=sitk shlä´sh. that black (thing) at last (is) flesh-like to look at.
Tsí ní sáyuakta; [12] túmi hû´nk sháyuakta Thus I am informed; many men know
hû´masht=gîsht tchutī´sht; (that) in this manner were effected cures;
tsúyuk tsúshni wä´mpĕle. and he then always was well again.
NOTES.
585, 1. náyäns hissuáksas: another man than the conjurers of the tribe. The objective case shows that mā´shitk has to be regarded here as the participle of an impersonal verb: mā´sha nûsh, and mā´sha nû, it ails me, I am sick.
585, 2. yá-uks is remedy in general, spiritual as well as material. Here a tamánuash song is meant by it, which, when sung by the conjurer, will furnish him the certainty if his patient is a relapse or not. There are several of these medicine-songs, but all of them (nánuk hû´k shuī´sh) when consulted point out the spider-medicine as the one to apply in this case. The spider’s curing-instrument is that small piece of buckskin (ubá-ush) which has to be inserted under the patient’s skin. It is called the spider’s medicine because the spider-song is sung during its application.
585, 10. gutä´ga. The whole operation is concealed from the eyes of spectators by a skin or blanket stretched over the patient and the hands of the operator.
585, 10. kiatéga. The buckskin piece has an oblong or longitudinal shape in most instances, and it is passed under the skin sideways and very gradually.
585, 11. tánkĕni ak waítash. Dave Hill gave as an approximate limit five days’ time.
SWEAT-LODGES.
In the Klamath Lake Dialect by Minnie Froben. Obtained by A. S. Gatschet.
É-ukshkni lápa spû´klish gítko. The lake people two (kinds of) sweat-lodges have.
Ḵúḵiuk ḵĕlekapkash spû´klishla To weep over the deceased they build sweat-lodges
yépank käíla; digging up the ground;
stutílantko spû´klish, käíla waltchátko. are roofed (these) sweat-lodges with earth covered.
Spû´klish a sha shû´ta kué-utch, (Another) sweat-lodge they build of willows,
kítchikan’sh stinága=shítko; skû´tash a wáldsha [3] a little cabin looking like blankets they spread
spû´klishtat tataták sĕ spukliá. over the sweating-lodge when in it they sweat.
Tátataks a hû´nk wéas lúla, tatátaks Whenever children died, or when
a híshuaksh tchímĕna, snáwedsh wénuitk, a husband became widower, (or) the wife (is) widowed,
ḵû´ḵi ḵĕlekátko, spû´klitcha they weep for cause of death go sweating
túmi shashámoks=lólatko; many relatives who have lost;
túnepni waítash tchík sa hû´uk spû´klia. [6] five days then they sweat.
Shiúlakiank a sha ktái húyuka Gathering they stones (they) heat (them)
skoilakuápkuk; to heap them up (after use);
hútoks ktái ḵá-i tatá spukliû´t’huīsh. those stones never having been used for sweating.
Spúklish lúpĭa húyuka; Sweat lodge in front of they heat (them);
ḵélpka a át, ílhiat átui, heated (being) when, they bring (them) inside at once,
ḵídshna ai î ámbu, kliulála. pour on them water, sprinkle.
Spû´kli a sha túmĕni “hours”; ḵélpkuk [9] Sweat then they several hours; being quite warmed up
géka shualkóltchuk péniak ḵō´ḵsh they leave (and) to cool themselves off without dress
pépe-udshak éwagatat, ḵóḵetat, é-ush wigáta. only to go bathing in a spring, river, lake close by.
Spukli-uápka mā´ntch. They will sweat for long hours.
Shpótuok i-akéwa kápka, To make themselves strong they bend down young pine-trees
skû´tawia sha wéwakag knû´kstga. (they) tie together they small brushwood with ropes.
Ndshiétchatka knû´ks a sha shúshata. [12] Of (willow-)bark the ropes they make.
Gátpampĕlank shkoshkî´lχa ktáktiagi On going home they heap up into cairns small stones
hû´shkankok ḵĕlekápkash, ktá-i shúshuankaptcha î´hiank. in remembrance of the dead, stones of equal size selecting.
NOTES.
No Klamath or Modoc sweat-lodge can be properly called a sweat-_house_, as is the custom throughout the West. One kind of these lodges, intended for the use of mourners only, are solid structures, almost underground; three of them are now in existence, all believed to be the gift of the principal national deity. Sudatories of the other kind are found near every Indian lodge, and consist of a few willow-rods stuck into the ground, both ends being bent over. The process gone through while sweating is the same in both kinds of lodges, with the only difference as to time. The ceremonies mentioned 4-13. all refer to sweating in the mourners’ sweat-lodges. The sudatories of the Oregonians have no analogy with the _estufas_ of the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico, as far as their construction is concerned.
586, 1. lápa spû´klish, two sweat-lodges, stands for two _kinds_ of sweat-lodges.
586, 5. shashámoks=lólatko forms _one_ compound word: one who, or: those who have lost relatives by death; cf. ptísh=lûlsh, pgísh=lûlsh; hishuákga ptísh=lúlatk, male orphan whose father has died. In the same manner, ḵĕlekátko stands here as a participle referring simultaneously to híshuaksh and to snáwedsh wénuitk, and can be rendered by “_bereaved_”. Shashámoks, distr. form of shá-amoks, is often pronounced sheshámaks. Túmi etc. means, that many others accompany to the sweat-lodge, into which about six persons can crowd themselves, bereaved husbands, wives or parents, because the deceased were related to them.
586, 7. Shiúlakiank etc. For developing steam the natives collect only such stones for heating as are neither too large nor too small; a medium size seeming most appropriate for concentrating the largest amount of heat. The old sweat-lodges are surrounded with large accumulations of stones which, to judge from their blackened exterior, have served the purpose of generating steam; they weigh not over 3 to 5 pounds in the average, and in the vicinity travelers discover many small cairns, not over four feet high, and others lying in ruins. The shrubbery around the sudatory is in many localities tied up with willow wisps and ropes.
586, 11. Spukli-uápka mā´ntch means that the sweating-process is repeated many times during the five days of observance; they sweat at least twice a day.
A DOG’S REVENGE.
A Dakota Fable, by Michel Renville. Obtained by Rev. S. R. Riggs.
Śuŋka waŋ; ḳa wakaŋka waŋ waḳiŋ waŋ taŋka hnaka. Dog a; and old-woman a pack a large laid away.
Uŋkan śuŋka ḳoŋ he sdonya. And dog the that knew.
Uŋkaŋ waŋna haŋyetu, uŋkaŋ wakaŋka iśtiŋmaŋ kećiŋ And now night, and old-woman asleep he thought
ḳa en ya: tuka wakaŋka kiŋ sdonkiye and there went: but old woman the knew
ć̣a kiktahaŋ [3] waŋke, and awake lay,
ć̣a ite hdakiŋyaŋ ape ć̣a kićakse, and face across struck and gashed,
ć̣a nina po, keyapi. and much swelled, they say.
[588]
Uŋkaŋ haŋḣaŋna hehaŋ śuŋka tokeća waŋ en hi, And morning then dog another a there came,
ḳa okiya ya. and to-talk-with went.
Tuka pamahdedaŋ ite mahen inina yaŋka. But head-down face within silent was.
Uŋkaŋ taku ićante niśića heciŋhaŋ omakiyaka wo, eya. And what of-heart you-bad if me-tell, he-said.
Uŋkaŋ, Inina yaŋka wo, wakaŋka [3] waŋ And, still be-you, old-woman a
teḣiya omakiḣaŋ do, eya, keyapi. hardly me-dealt-with, he-said, they say.
Uŋkaŋ, Tokeŋ nićiḣaŋ he, eya. And, How to-thee-did-she, he-said.
Uŋkaŋ, Waḳin waŋ taŋka hnaka e waŋmdake And, Pack a large she-laid-away I-saw
ć̣a heoŋ otpa awape: and therefore to-go-for I waited:
k̇a waŋna haŋ tehaŋ k̇ehan, iśtiŋbe seća e and now night far then, she-asleep probably
en mde ć̣a pa timaheŋ [6] yewaya, there I went and head house-in I-poked,
uŋkaŋ kiktahaŋ waŋke śta hećamoŋ: and awake lay although this-I-did:
k̇a, Śi, de tukten yau he, and, shoo, this where you-come,
eye, ć̣a itohna amape, she-said, and face-on smote-me,
ć̣a dećen iyemayaŋ ce, eye ć̣a kipazo. and thus she-me-left he-said and showed-him.
Uŋkaŋ, Huŋhuŋhe! teḣiya ećanićoŋ do, And, Alas! alas! hardly she-did-to-you,
ihomeća waḳiŋ kiŋ uŋtapi [9] kta ce, therefore pack the we-eat will,
eye ć̣a, Mnićiya wo, eya, keyapi. he-said and, Assemble, he-said, they say.
Ito, Minibozaŋna kićo wo, Now, Water-mist call,
ḳa, Yaksa taŋiŋ śni kico wo, and Bite off not manifest call,
Tahu waśaka kico wo, ḳa, Taisaŋpena kico wo, Neck strong invite, and, His-knife-sharp call,
eya, keyapi. Uŋkaŋ owasiŋ wićakićo: he-said, they-say. And all them-he-called:
ḳa waŋna owasiŋ en [12] hipi hehaŋ and now all there came then
heya, keyapi: this-he-said, they-say:
Ihopo, wakaŋka de teḣiya ećakićoŋ će; Come-on, old-woman this hardly dealt-with;
miniheić̣iyapo, haŋyetu hepiya waćonića wakiŋ waŋ bestir-yourselves, night during dried-meat pack a
teḣiŋda ḳa on teḣiya ećakićoŋ tuka, she-forbid and for hardly dealt-with-him but,
ehaeś untapi kta će, eya, keyapi. [15] indeed we eat will he-said, they say.
Uŋkaŋ Minibozaŋna ećiyapi ḳoŋ he waŋna maġaźukiye Then Water-mist called the that now rain-made,
ć̣a, aŋpetu osaŋ maġaźu ećen otpaza; and, day all-through rained until dark;
ḳa wakeya owasiŋ nina spaya, and tent all very wet,
wihutipaspe olidoka owasiŋ taŋyaŋ ḣpan. tent-pin holes all well soaked.
Uŋkaŋ hehaŋ Yaksa taŋiŋ śni wihutipaspe [18] kiŋ And then Bite-off-manifest-not tent-fastenings the
owasiŋ yakse, tuka taŋiŋ śni yaŋ yakse all bit-off, but slyly bit-off
nakaeś wakaŋka kiŋ sdonkiye śni. so that old-woman the knew not.
Uŋkaŋ Tahuwaśaka he waḳiŋ ḳoŋ yape ć̣a maniŋkiya And Neck-strong he pack the seized, and away off
yapa iyeya, ḳa tehaŋ eḣpeya. Hećen holding-in-mouth-carried and far threw-it. So
Taisaŋpena waḳiŋ ḳoŋ [21] ćokaya kiyaksa-iyeya. His-knife-sharp pack the in-middle tore-it-open.
Hećeŋ waḳiŋ ḳoŋ haŋyetu hepiyana temyaiyeyapi, Hence pack the night during they-ate-all-up,
keyapi. they say.
Hećen tuwe wamanoŋ keś, So that who steals although,
saŋpa iwaḣaŋić̣ida wamanoŋ waŋ hduze, [24] more haughty thief a marries,
eyapi eće; de huŋkakaŋpi do. they-say always; this they-fable.
NOTES.
588, 24. This word “hduze” means _to take_ or _hold one’s own_; and is most commonly applied to a man’s taking a wife, or a woman a husband. Here it may mean either that one who starts in a wicked course consorts with others “more wicked than himself,” or that he himself grows in the bad and takes hold of the greater forms of evil--_marries_ himself to the wicked one.
It will be noted from this specimen of Dakota that there are some particles in the language which cannot be represented in a translation. The “do” used at the end of phrases or sentences is only for emphasis and to round up a period. It belongs mainly to the language of young men. “Wo” and “po” are the signs of the imperative.
TRANSLATION.
There was a dog; and there was an old woman who had a pack of dried meat laid away. This the dog knew; and, when he supposed the old woman was asleep, he went there at night. But the old woman was aware of his coming and so kept watch, and, as the dog thrust his head under the tent, she struck him across the face and made a great gash, which swelled greatly.
The next morning a companion dog came and attempted to talk with him. But the dog was sullen and silent. The visitor said: “Tell me what makes you so heart-sick.” To which he replied: “Be still, an old woman has treated me badly.” “What did she do to you?” He answered: “An old woman had a pack of dried meat; this I saw and went for it; and when it was now far in the night, and I supposed she was asleep, I went there and poked my head under the tent. But she was lying awake and cried out: ‘Shoo! what are you doing here?’ and struck me on the head and wounded me as you see.”
Whereupon the other dog said: “Alas! Alas! she has treated you badly, verily we will eat up her pack of meat. Call an assembly: call _Water-mist_ (_i.e._, rain); call _Bite-off-silently_; call _Strong-neck_; call _Sharp-knife_.” So he invited them all. And when they had all arrived, he said: “Come on! an old woman has treated this friend badly; bestir yourselves; before the night is past, the pack of dried meat which she prizes so much, and on account of which she has thus dealt with our friend, that we will eat all up”.
Then the one who is called _Rain-mist_ caused it to rain, and it rained all the day through until dark; and the tent was all drenched, and the holes of the tent-pins were thoroughly softened. Then _Bite-off-silently_ bit off all the lower tent-fastenings, but he did it so quietly that the old woman knew nothing of it. Then _Strong-neck_ came and seized the pack with his mouth, and carried it far away. Whereupon _Sharp-knife_ came and ripped the pack through the middle; and so, while it was yet night, they ate up the old woman’s pack of dried meat.
_Moral._--A common thief becomes worse and worse by attaching himself to more daring companions. This is the myth.
* * * * * * * * *
_Errors and Inconsistencies: Recording_
583, 2. [583, 2.] those / stones / never / having been used for sweating. [_final . missing_]
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
INDEX.
Page. Abbreviations in signs 338 Abiquiu, Ancient cemetery of 111 Abnaki, Intelligence communicated by 369 Absaroka, Tribal signs for 458 Abstract ideas expressed in signs 348 Acaxers and Yaquis, cairn burial 143 Actors, modern, Use of gestures by 308 Addison, Gestures of orators 294 Adjective, The, in Indian tongues 10 “Adjedatig” 197 Adultery, Wyandot law for 66 Adverbial particles 13 Adverbs in Indian tongues 10, 11, 13 Aerial burial in canoes, Chinooks 171 sepulture 152 Æschylus, Theatrical gestures 286 Affirmation, Sign for 286, 454 Agglutination in language 4 Alaric’s burial 181 Alarm, Signs for 529, 538 Alaska cave burial 129 Alaskan Indians, Dialogue between 492 mummies 134, 135 Alaskans, Sign language of the 313 Alden, E. H., Scaffold burial 161 Aleutian Islanders, embalmment 135, 136 Algonkian myth 27 Algonkins, Burial fires of the 198 Alibamans, Aquatic burial of suicides by 180 Alive, Sign for 421 All together, Sign for 523 Allen, Dr. Harrison 208, 225, 238, 245 , Miss A. J., Burial sacrifice 189 Ancient burial customs of barbaric tribes 152 cemetery of Abiquiu 111 nations, Tree burial of 165, 166 Ancientism defined 33, 39 Ancients, Curious mourning observances 165, 166 Anger, Sign for 301 , Signal for 529 Antelope, Signs for 410 Anthropologic archæology 73, 74 data, limitation of use of 73-86 ethnic characteristics 76, 77 history, customs 76, 77 language 78-81 mythology 81, 82 origin of man 77, 78 picture writing 75 psychology 83, 86 sociology 83 Antiquity of cremation 143 of gesture speech 285 Apache pictographs connected with signs 372 , Tribal signs for 459 Apaches, Smoke signals of the 538 Aphasia, Gestures in 276 Apingi burial 125, 126 Applause, Signs for 300 Application, Practical, of sign language 346 Approbation, Sign for 286 Aquatic burial, Alibamans, of suicides 180 , Cherokees 180 , Chinooks 180 , Gosh-Utes 181 , Hyperboreans 180 , Ichthyophagi 180 , Itzas 180 , Kavague 180 , Lotophagians 180 , Obongo 180 Arapaho, Tribal signs for 460 Arbitrary signs 340 Archæologic research connected with sign language 368 Archæology, Limitations to the Use of, in study of anthropology 73, 74 Argyle, Duke of, Gestures of Fuegans 293 Ankara, Tribal signs for 461 Arm positions, Outlines of, in sign language 545 Arrangement in descriptions of signs 546 Art, Modern Italian, exhibiting gestures 292 Article pronouns in Indian languages 9, 10 Articulate speech, preceded by gesture 274, 284 Artificial articulation 275, 307 Ascena or Timber Indians 103 Asking, Signs for 291, 297 Assinaboin, Tribal signs for 461 Astute, Sign for 305 Athenæus, Account of Telestes 286 , Classification of gestures 285 Atkins, Dr. Francis H., Signs of Apaches 325 Atlas showing cessions of land 252 Atsina, Tribal signs for 462 Attention, Signal for 539 Atwater, Caleb, Burial mounds 117 Austin, Rev. Gilbert, Chironomia 289 Australian scaffold burial 167 Australians, Gestures of 306 Authorities in sign language, List of 401 Ax, Sign for 380 Aztecs and Taracos, Burial sacrifice 190
Bad, Signs for 411 Baldwin, C. C., Pottawatomie surface burial 141 Balearic Islanders, Cairn burial 143 Banak, Tribal signs for 462 Bancroft, H. H., Burial sacrifice 190 , Canoe burial in ground 112 , Costa Rica hut burial 154 , Doracho cist burial 115 , Esquimaux burial boxes 155 , Huitzilopochtli, description of 231 , Maya hieroglyphics, mode of reading 223 , Mourning, Central Americans 185 , Pima burial 98 , Superstitions regarding dead 201 Band, G. H. 229 Barbaric tribes, Ancient burial customs of 152 Barber, E. A., Burial urns 138 , Partial cremation 151 Bari of Africa, burial 125 Bartram, John, Cabin burial 122 , Choctaw ossuary 120 , Partial scaffold burial 169 Battle, Sign for 419 Bear, Signs for 412 Bechuana burial 126 Beckwourth, James, Crow mourning 183 Bede, The venerable, Treatise on gestures 287 Beechey, Capt. F. W., Lodge burial 154 Bell, Prof. A. Graham, Vocal articulation of dogs 275 Beltrami, J. C., Burial feast 190 , Burial posts 197 Benson, H. C., Choctaw burial 186 Bessels, Dr. Emil, Esquimaux superstition 198 Beverly, Robert, Virginia mummies 131 Bibliography of North American Philology xv Birgan, Meaning of word 93 Blackbird’s burial 139 Blackfeet burial lodges 154 cairn burial 143 tree burial 161 , Tribal signs for 462 Blind, Gestures of the 278 Bonaks, Cremation 144 Bone cleaning of the dead 168 Boner, J. H., Moravian mourning 166 Born, Signs for 356 Bossu, M., Burial denied to suicides 180 , Signs of the Atakapa 324 Boteler, Dr. W. C., Oto burial ceremonies 96 Boundaries, Indian 253 Box burial, Creek, Choctaw, and Cherokee 155 , Esquimaux 155, 156 , Indians of Talomeco River 155 , Innuits and Ingaliks 156, 158 , Kalosh 156 Braam, S. A. van 229 Bransford, Dr. J. C., U.S.N., Burial urns discovered by 138 Brasseur de Bourbourg, C. E. 208, 210, 243, 244 Brave, Signs for 352, 364, 414 Brebeuf, Pere de, Burial feast 191 Brice, W. A., Surface burial 141 Brinton, Dr. D. G., Burial of collected bones 170 Brother, Sign for 521 Bruhier, J. J., Corsican customs 147 , Persian burial 103 Brulé Dakota colloquy in signs 491 Sioux, tree and scaffold burial 158, 160 Buffalo, Sign for 488 , Signals for, discovered 532 Burchard, J. L., Pit burial 124 Bushmann, J. C. E, Signs of Accocessaws 324 Butler, Prof. James D., Italian signs 408 Butterfield, H., Shoshone cairn burial 143 Burial, Apingi 125, 126 , Aquatic 180 canoes and houses 177-179 , Bari of Africa 125 , Bechuanas 126 beneath or in cabins, wigwams, or houses 122 , Box 155 , Carolina tribes 93 , Caddos 103 , Cairn 142 , Cairn, Ute 142 case, Cheyenne 162, 163 , Cave 126 , Chieftain, of the 110, 111 , Classification of 92-93 , Damara 126 dance, Yo-kaí-a 192, 194 dances 193 feast, Description of, by Beltrami 190, 191 , Hurons, of the 191 feasts 190 , superstitions regarding 191 fires, Algonkins 198 , Yurok 198 , Esquimaux 198 food 192 games 195 , Grave 101 , Ground, in canoes 112 in logs 138, 139 in mounds 115 in standing posture 151, 152 , Indians of Virginia 125 , Iroquois 140 , Kaffir 126 , Klamath and Trinity Indians 106, 107 , Latookas 126 , Lodge 152 lodges, Blackfeet 154 , Cheyenne 154 , Shoshone 153, 154 , Muscogulges 122, 123 , Meaning and derivation of word 93 , Moquis 114 , Navajo 123 , Obongo 139, 140 of Alaric 181 of Blackbird 139 of De Soto 181 of Long Horse 153 of Ouray 128 , Parsee 105, 106 , Pit 93 , Pitt River Indians 151 posts, Sioux and Chippewa 197, 198 , Round Valley Indians 124 sacrifice, Aztecs and Tarascos 190 , Indians of Northwest 180 , Indians of Panama 180 , Natchez 187, 189 , Tsinūk 179 , Wascopums 189, 190 , Sacs and Foxes 94, 95 scaffolds 162 song, Schiller’s 110, 111 of Basques and others 195 superstitions, Chippewas 199, 200 , Indians of Washington Territory 201 , Karok 200 , Kelta 200 , Modocs 200, 201 , Mosquito Indians 201 , Tlascaltecs 201 , Tolowa 200 , Surface 138, 139 , Urn 137 and cover, Georgia 138 , New Mexico 138 Burton, Capt. R. F., Arapaho language 314
Cabéça de Vaca, Signs of Timucuas 324 Cabins, wigwams, or houses, Burial beneath or in 122 Cabot, John 250 , Sebastian 250 Caddo, Tribal sign for 464 Caddos, Burial 103 Cairn burial, Acaxers and Yaquis 143 , Balearic Islanders 143 , Blackfeet 143 , Esquimaux 143 , Kiowas and Comanches 142, 143 , Pi-Utes 143 , Reasons for 143 , Shoshonis 143 Calaveras Cave 128, 129 California steatite burial urn 138 Camp, Signals for 532, 539 Campbell, John, Burial songs 195 Canes sepulchrales 104 Canoe burial in ground 112 , Mosquito Indians 112, 113 , Santa Barbara 112 , Clallam 173, 174 , Twana 171, 173 Canoes and houses, Burial 177-179 Canoes, Superterrene and aerial burial in 171 Capture, Sign for 506 Caraibs, Verification of death 146 Card catalogue of hieroglyphs 223 Carolina tribes, Burial among 93 Catlin, George, Burial of Blackbird 139 , Golgotha of Mandans 170 , Mourning cradle 181 Cave burial 126 , Alaska 129 , Calaveras 128, 129 , Utes 127, 128 Cessions of land, xxvii, 249 by the Indians, in Indiana 257 original and secondary 256 Chalchihuitlicue 237 Cherokee aquatic burial 180 Chesterfield, Lord, Gestures of orators 311 Cheyenne burial case 162, 163 lodges 154 , Tribal signs for 464 Chief, Signs for 353, 416 Chiefs, Wyandot, Election of 61, 62 Child, Signs for 304, 356 Children, Gestures of young 276 Chillicothe mound 117, 118 Chinese characters connected with signs 356, 357 , Expedient of the, in place of signs 306 Chinook aerial burial in canoes 171 aquatic burial 180 jargon 313 mourning cradle 181, 182 Chippewa burial superstitions 199, 200 mourning 184 scaffold burial 161, 162 widow 184, 185 Chironomia, by Rev. Gilbert Austin 289 Choctaw mound burial 120 scaffold burial 169 Choctaws funeral ceremonies 186 Cĭn-au´-äv brothers, a Shoshoni myth 44, 45 Cist burial, Doracho 115 graves, Kentucky 114, 115 , Indians of Illinois 114 Cistercian monks, Gestures of the 288, 364 Cists or stone graves 113 , Solutré 113 , Tennessee 113 Clallam canoe burial 173, 174 house burial 175 Clarke, Mr. Ben., Local source of sign language 317 Classic pantomimes 286 Classification of burial 92 Cleveland, Wm. J., Tree and scaffold burial 158 Codex Telleriano Remensis 243 Cold, Signs for 345, 486 Collaborators in sign language, List of 401 Collected bones, Interment of 170 Collecting signs, Suggestions for 394 Comanche inhumation 99, 100 , Tribal signs for 466 Combination in Indian tongues 7 language, Process of 3, 7 Come here, Signals for 529, 532 Comédie Française, Gestures of the 309 Comparison, Degrees of, in sign language 363 of English with Indian 15 Compounding in language 3 Congaree and Santee Indians, embalmment 132, 133 Conjunctions in sign language 367 Conjurers’ practice 583 Connotation of Indian nouns 8 Conventionality of signs 333, 336, 340 Copan, Statues of 207, 224, 227, 228, 229, 245 Corbusier, Dr. William H., local source of sign language 317 , Sign for strong 304 Corporeal gestures generally 270, 273 Correspondents, Foreign, on sign language 407 Corsican funeral custom 147 Cortez, H. 209 Council, Indian, at Huron village 251 Cox, Ross, Cremation 144 Coyotero Apaches, Inhumation 111, 112 Cradle, mourning, Illustration of 181 Crafty, Sign for 303 Cree, Tribal signs for 466 Crock, Choctaw, and Cherokee box burial 155 Creeks and Seminoles, Inhumation 95, 96 “Hallelujah” of the 195 Cremation, Antiquity of 143 , Bonaks 144 furnace 149 , Indians of Clear Lake 147 , Indians of Southern Utah 149 mound, Florida 148, 149 , Nishinams 144 , Partial 150, 151 , Se-nél 147, 148 , Tolkotins 144-146 Cresollius, Precedence of gestures 282 , Value of gestures 280 Crimes, Wyandot laws for 66, 67 Crow lodge burial 153 mourning 183, 184 Cuculkan. (_See_ Quetzalcoatl.) Curious mourning observances of ancients 165, 166 Curtiss, E., Exploration by 115, 116 Cut with an ax, Sign for 550
Dakhnias 104 Dakota calendar 373, 377, 382, 384 , Tribal signs for 467 Dalgarno, George, Gestures real writing 355 , Works of 284, 287 Dall, W. H., Burial boxes 156 , Cave burial 129 , Mummies 134 Damara burial 126 Dance for the dead 192 Dances, Burial 192 Danger, Signals for 529, 532 Danish burial logs 139 Darwin, Charles, Analysis of emotional gestures 270 , Gestures of Fuegans 293 Day, Signs for 371 Dead, Dance for the 192 Deaf and dumb, American annals of the 293 Deaf-Mute College, National, Test of signs at the 321 Deaf-mutes, Methodical signs of 362 , Milan Convention on instruction of 307 , Signs of instructed 362, 397 , Signs of uninstructed 277 , Sounds uttered by uninstructed 277 Death, Signs for 353, 420, 497 Deceit, Signs for 303 Deciphering, Principles of 207 Defiance, Signals for 530 Delano, A., Tree burial 161 Denial of the existence of sign language, Mistaken 326 Derision, Sign for 301 Derivation, how accomplished 7 Desaix, le Capitaine 210 Description of burial feast 190, 191 De Soto’s burial 181 Devilism defined 32 Devouring the dead, Fans of Africa 182 , Indians of South America 182, 183 , Massageties, Padæns, and others 182 Dialects, Numerous, connected with gesture language 294, 306 Dialogues in sign language 486 Dictionary of sign language, Extracts from 409 Differentiation of parts of speech 8 Disappearing Mist, Account of 327 Discontinuance of sign language, Circumstances connected with the 312 Discourses in signs 521 Discovery, Signals for 533 Diversities in signs, Classes of 341 Diversity of language 28 Divisions of sign language 270 Dodge, Col. Richard I., Abbreviations of signs 339 , Identity of sign language 316, 335 Dog, Signs for 321, 387 Dog’s revenge, a Dakota fable 587 Dolmens in Japan 115 Done, finished, Sign for 513, 522, 528 Doracho cist burial 115 Dorsey, Rev. J. Owen, linguistic researches xvii , Mistaken denial of signs 326 Doubt, Sign for 512 Drew, Benjamin, Schiller’s burial song 110 Drink, Sign for 301, 344, 357 Dumas, Alexandra, Sicilian signs 295 Dumont, M. Butel de, House burial 124 Dupe, Sign for 305 Dust signals 541
Eat, Sign for 301, 480 Echo, Origin of; a Shoshoni myth 45-47 Ecstasism defined 36 Eells, Rev. M., Canoe burial 171 Egyptian characters connected with signs 304, 355, 357, 358, 359, 370, 379, 380 Embalmment, Aleutian Islanders 135, 136 , Congaree and Santee Indians 132, 133 or mummification 130 Emblems distinguished from signs 389 Encampment regulations (Wyandot) 64 Engelhardt, Prof. C. 139 Esquimaux box burial 155, 156 burial fires 198 cairn burial 143 lodge burial 154 Ethnic characteristics, Limitations to the use of, in study of anthropology 76 Ethnologic facts connected with signs 384 Etymology of words from gestures 352 European ossuaries 191 Evening, Signs for 353 Evolution, distinguished from invention of sign language 319, 388 of language 3 Excavation of Indian mound, North Carolina 120-122 Exchange, Signs for 454 Explorations in Southwest xxx
Facial expression generally 270, 273 play, giving detailed information 271 Falling Star (myth) 27 Family, The term, defined 59 Fans of Africa devour the dead 182 Fatigue, Sign for 305 Fay, Prof. E. A., contributions on signs 309, 408 Fear, Sign for 506 Feasts, Burial 190 Fellowhood, Wyandot institution of 68 Female, Signs for 300, 357 Ferdinand, King of Naples, speech in signs 294 Fetichism, The term, defined 32, 41 Fingers, Details of position of, in sign language 392 , Special significance in disposition of, by Italians 285 Fire arrows, Signals by 540 , Signs for 344, 380 Fires, Burial 198 Fiske, Moses, Cists 113 Flathead, Tribal signs for 468 Florida cremation mound 148, 149 mound burial 119, 120 Food, Burial 192 Fool, Signs for 297, 303, 345, 505, 506 Ford, Lieut. Geo. E., U.S.A., Cabin burial 123 Foreign correspondents on sign language 407 Foreman, Dr. E., Burial urns 138 , Cremation 149 Foster, J. W., Urn burial 137 , Cremation 150 Fox, Tribal sign for 468 Frémont, General J. C., Signs of Pai-Utes and Shoshonis 324 Friend, friendship, Signs for 384, 491, 527 Funeral ceremonies, Choctaws 186 , Twanas and Clallams 176 custom, Corsican 147 Furnace, Cremation 149
Gageby, Capt. J. H., U.S.A., Box burial 155 Gallaudet, President T. H., Facial expression 271 , President E. M., Test of Utes in signs 321, 323 Games, Burial 195 Gardner, Dr. W., U.S.A., Theory of scaffold burial 167 Gatschet, A. S., Linguistic and general researches among the Klamaths 19 Gender in Indian languages 9 in sign language 366 Genesis of philosophy 19 Gens, The term, defined 59 Gesture language and gesture speech. (_See_ Sign language.) Gesture speech, Study of xxxiii Gestures as an occasional resource 279 as survival of a sign language 330 , blind, of the 278 , Etymology of words from 352 in mental disorder 276 , Involuntary response to 280 , fluent talkers, of 279 , Language not proportionate to development of 293, 314 low tribes of men, of 279 lower animals, of 275 modern actors, used by 308 modern orators, used by 311 young children, of 276 Ghost gamble 195-197 Gianque, Florian, Mound burial 120 Gibbs, George 106 , Burial canoes and houses 177 , Comparative vocabulary 555 Gilbert, G. K., Klamath burial 147 , Moquis burial 114 , Pueblo etchings 371, 372, 373 Gillman, Henry, Exploration of mound 148 Given, Dr. O. G., Cairn burial 142 Glad, Sign for 495 “Golgothas,” Mandans 170 Good, Signs for 424 Gosh-Utes, Aquatic burial amongst 181 Government, Wyandot civil 61 , Functions of 63 Grammar, Sign language with reference to 359 Grammatic processes, agglutination 4 , combination 3 , compounding 3 , inflection 4 , intonation 6 , juxtaposition 3 , placement 7, 8 , vocalic mutation 5 Grass, Sign for 343 Grave burial 101 Greek vases, Figures on, explained by modern , Italian gestures 289, 290 Gregg, Dr. P., Surface burial 140 Grinnell, Dr. Fordyce, Comanche inhumation 99 , Wichita burial customs 102 Grossman, Capt. F. E., Pima burial 98 Gros Ventres and Mandans, Scaffold burial 161 Grow, Sign for 343
Habitation, Signs for 427 Haerne, Mgr. D. de, Works on sign language 292 Hale, Horatio, Mohawk signs 327 “Hallelujah” of the Creeks 195 Halt! Signals for 530, 535 Hammond, Dr. J. F., Burial lodges 154 Hand positions, Types of 547 Hand-shaking, connected with signs 385 Hardisty, W. L., Log burial in trees 166 Harpokrates, Erroneous character for 304 Hawkins Line (boundary) 253 Hear, Signs for 376 Hecastotheism, The term, defined 30, 32 Hénto (Gray Eyes), Wyandot signs 327 Heredity, Cases of, in speech 276, 277 Herrera 232 Hesitation, Signs for 291 Hidatsa superstitions 199 , Tribal signs for 469 Hieratic art 210 Hieroglyphs 210 are read in a certain order. 223 (_See_ Egyptian characters.) Hind, Henry Youle, Burial feast 191 History of sign language 285 and customs, Limitations to the use of, in study of anthropology 76, 77 Hoffman, Dr. W. J. 99 , Collaboration of, in sign language 399 , Drawing of Pima burial 111, 153 Holbrook, W. C., Burial mounds 118 Holden, Prof. E. S., Studies on Central American picture writing xxv Holmes, W. H., Artistic aid of 400 , Drawings by 106, 203 Home, Signs for 483, 485 Homomorphy of signs with diverse meanings 342 Horn sign, Italian 298, 299 Horse, Signs for 433 Hough, Franklin B., Canoe burial in the ground 112 House, Signs for 427 burial, Clallams 175 , Paskagoulas and Billoxis 124, 125 Huitzilopochtli 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 238, 239, 241 Humboldt, Signs of South Americans 307 Hunger, Signs for 304, 485 Hurons, Burial feast of 191 Hyperboreans, aquatic burial 180
Ichthyophagi, aquatic burial 180 Illinois mounds 118 , Purchase of land for Indians in 254 Illustration, Scheme of, in sign language 544 Illustrations, Examples of, for collaboration on sign language 550 Indian, generically, Signs for 469 languages, Discussion of 516 mound in North Carolina, Excavation of 120-122 title, Character of 249 tongues, Relative position of 15 Indiana, Cession of land by the Indians 257 Indians, Condition of the, favorable to sign language 311 of Bellingham Bay, lodge burial 154 of Clear Lake, cremation 147 of Costa Rica, lodge burial 154 of Illinois, cist burial 114 of Northwest, burial sacrifice 180 of Panama, burial sacrifice 180 of South America devour the dead 182, 183 of Southern Utah, cremation 149 of Talomeco River, box burial 155 of Taos, inhumation 101, 102 of Virginia, burial 125 of Washington Territory, burial superstition 201 , Theories respecting the signs of 313 Inflection in English language 14 in language 4 , Paradigmatic 7, 15 Inhumation 93 , Comanches 99, 100 , Coyotero Apaches 111, 112 , Creeks and Seminoles 95, 96 , Indians of Taos 101, 102 , Mohawks 93 , Otoe and Missouri Indians 96, 97, 98 , Pimas 98, 99 , Wah-peton and Sisseton Sioux 107-110 , Wichitas 102, 103 , Yuki 99 Innuit and Ingalik box burial 156-158 Innuits, Sign language of 307 Inquiry, Signs for 291, 297, 303, 447, 480, 486, 494 , Signals for 531, 536 Insult, Sign of 304 Interjectional cries 283 Interment of collected bones 170 Interrogation, Mark of, in sign language 367 Intonation, Process of 6, 7 Invention of new signs in sign language 387 Involuntary response to gestures 280 Iroquois scaffold burial 169, 170 surface burial 140 , Studies among xxii Isolation, Loss of speech by 278 Italians, Modern, Signs of 285, 305 Itzas, Aquatic burial 180
Jacker, Very Rev. Edward, Disuse of signs 325 Japan dolmens 115 Jenkes, Col. C. W., Partial cremation 150 Johnston, Adam, Cremation myth 144 Jones, Dr. Charles C., Stone graves of Tennessee 114 , Natchez burial 169 Jorio, The canon Andrea de, Works on sign language 289 Joseph, Judge Anthony, Inhumation of Taos Indians 101 Joy, Signs for 300 Justice, Sign for 302 Juxtaposition in language 3
Kaffir burial 126 Kaibabit myth 28 Kaiowa, Tribal signs for 470 Kalosh box burial 156 Karok burial superstition 200 Kavague aquatic burial 180 Kaw-a-wāh 142 Keating, William H., Burial scaffolds 162 , Burial superstitions 199 Keep, Rev. J. R., Syntax of Sign language 360 “Keeping the Ghost” 160 Kelta burial superstition 200 Kent, M. B., Sac and Fox burial 94 Kentucky cist graves 114, 115 mummies 133 Kickapoo, Tribal signs for 470 Kill, Signs for 377, 437 Kin chē-ĕss, Address of 521 Kingsborough, Lord 210 Kinship society 68, 69 Kiowa and Comanche cairn burial 142, 143 Kitty-ka-tats 102 Klamath and Trinity Indians, burial 106, 107 Indians, General researches among xix Klingbeil, William, Partial cremation 151 Knife, Sign for 386 Kutine, Tribal signs for 470
Lafitau, J. F. 182 Land cessions 249 Language, Diversity of 28 , Evolution of 3-16 , Limitations to the use of, in study of anthropology 78, 81 , Primitive, theories upon 282 , Processes of 3-8 “Last cry” 186 Lately, Signs for 366 Latookas burial 126 Landa, Bishop 208, 243 Landa’s hieroglyphic alphabet 208 Lawson, John, Partial embalmment 132 , Pit burial 93 Lea, John M. 253 Lean Wolf’s Complaint, in signs 526 Leemans, Dr. 229 Leibnitz, Signs connected with philology 349 syntax 360 Leonardo da Vinci 292 Leon y Gama 232 Letter of transmittal iii Lie, falsehood, Signs for 345, 393, 550 Lightning, Signs for 373 Linguistic researches xvii, xviii among the Klamaths xix Lipan, Tribal sign for 471 List of illustrations, Burial customs 87 , Sign language 265 Living sepulchers 182 Lockwood, Miss Mary 224 Lodge burial 152 , Crow 153 , Esquimaux 154 , Indians of Bellingham Bay 154 , Indians of Costa Rica 154 , Sioux 152, 153 Log burial 138, 139 , Danish 139 in trees, Loucheux 166 Long Horse, burial of 153 Loss of speech by isolation 278 Lotophagians, Aquatic burial 180 Loucheux, log burial in trees 166 Love, Signs for 345, 521 Low tribes of men, Gestures of 279 Lower animals, Gestures of 275 Lucian, de saltatione 287
McChesney, Dr. Charles E. 107-111 “Ghost gamble” 195 McDonald, Dr. A. J., Rock fissure burial 127 McKenney, Thomas L., Scaffold burial 161 , Chippewa widow 184 McKinley, William, Burial urns 13 Macrobrian Ethiopians, Preservation of the dead 136, 137 Mahan, I. L., Chippewa mourning 184 Maiming, Wyandot law for 66 Man, Origin of, in connection with the study of anthropology 77, 78 , Sign for 416 Mandan “Golgothas” 170 , Tribal sign for 471 Mano in fica, Neapolitan sign 300 Manuals, Preparation of, for use in original research xxxii Manuscript Troano 234 Many, Signs for 445, 496, 524, 535 Marriage regulations (Wyandot) 63, 64 , Signs for 290 Mason, Prof. O. T., Work of xxii Matthews, Dr. Washington, U.S.A., Hidatsa superstition 199 , Tree burial 161 Maya characters connected with signs 356, 376 Medicine, Signs for 386 Medicine-man, Signs for 380 Menard, Dr. John, Navajo burial 123 Mental disorder, Gestures in 276 Methodical signs of deaf-mutes 362 Mexican characters connected with signs 357, 375, 377, 380, 382 Miami Valley mound burial 120 Michaëlius, Algonkin signs 324 Michaux, R. V., Exploration of mound on farm of 12 Miclantecutli 229, 232 Midawan, a ceremony of initiation 122 Migration regulations (Wyandot) 64 Milan convention on instruction of deaf-mutes 307 Military government (Wyandot) 68 Miller, Dr. C. C., Assistance from 197 Missouri River, Sign for 477 Mitchell, Dr. Samuel L., Kentucky mummies 133, 134 Modal particles 13 Mode in Indian tongues 12 Modern use of sign language 293 Modification, how accomplished 7 Modoc burial superstition 200, 201 Mohawks, Inhumation 93 Money, Sign for 297 Monotheism defined 30, 32, 142 Months, their hieroglyphs 243 Moon, Indian explanation of 24 myth 25 Moose, Sign for 495 Moqui pictographs connected with signs 371, 373 Moquis burial 114 Moravian mourning 166 Morgan, Lewis H., Atsina signs 312 , Burial dance 192 , Partial scaffold burial 169 Morse, E. S., Dolmens in Japan 115 , Japanese signs 442 Mortuary customs of North American Indians xxvi Parthians, Medes, etc. 104 Persians 103, 104 Mosquito Indians, Burial superstition of 201 , canoe burial in ground 112, 113 Mother, Sign for 479 Motions relative to parts of body in sign language 393 Mound burial 115 , Choctaws 120 , Florida 119, 120 , Miami Valley 120 , Ohio 117, 118 Mounds, Illinois 118, 119 of stone 118 Mourning ceremonies, Sioux 109, 110 , Chippewa 184 cradle, Chinook 181, 182 engraving of 181 , Crows 183, 184 customs of widows 185, 186 , Indians of Northwest 179 , Moravian 166 observances, Twana and Clallams 176 sacrifice, feasts, food, etc 183 MS. Troano 234 Much, Signs for 446 Müller, J. G., Mexican gods 232 Müller, Max, Theories relating to language 277, 281, 283 Mummies, Alaskan 134, 135 , Kentucky 133 , Northwest coast 135 , Virginia 131, 132 Mummification or embalmment 130 Mummification, Theories regarding 130 Murder, Wyandot law for 66 Muret, Pierre, Living sepulchres 182 , Persian mortuary customs 103 Muscogulge burial 122, 123 Mutation, Vocalic 5 Myth, Rain (Hindoo) 27 , Falling stars (Ute) 27 , Migration of birds (Algonkian) 27 , Moon (Ute) 25 , Norse 26 , Oraibi 25, 27 , Rain (Shoshoni) 26, 27 , Rainbow (Shoshoni) 27 , Sun (Ute) 24 Mythic tales 43-56 Cĭn-aú-äv brothers 44, 45 , Origin of 37 Origin of the echo 45-47 The so-pus wai-un-äts 47-51 Ta-wots has a fight with the sun 52, 56 Mythologic philosophy, Course of evolution of 38-43 , Devilism 32 , Fetichism 32, 41 , Four stages of 29, 33 , Hecastotheism 30, 32 , Monotheism 30, 32 , Outgrowth from 33, 38 , Physitheism 30, 32 , Psychotheism 30, 32 , Zootheism 30, 32 Mythology, Indian 19-56 , Limitations to the use of, in study of anthropology 81, 82 Myths, language, Hebrew 28 , Kaibabit 28
Name regulations of the Wyandot tribe 64 Naolin 230 Narratives in sign language 500 Natchez burial sacrifice 187-189 scaffold burial 169 Natci’s narrative in signs 500 National Deaf-Mute College 321, 408 Natural pantomime 280 signs 307, 340 Navajo burial 123 Na-wa-gi-jig’s story in signs 508 Neapolitan gestures and signs 289, 296-305 Negation of affirmative in sign language 391 , Signs for 290, 299, 300, 304, 355, 440, 494 Norm 142 New Mexico burial urn 138 Night, Signs for 358 Nishinams, Cremation among the 144 Nomenclature 211, 220 Norris, P. W., lodge burial 153 Norse rain myth 26 North Carolina Indians, Partial cremation 150, 151 Northwest coast mummies 135 , Indians of, mourning 179 Nothing, none, Signs for 322, 355, 356, 443 Nouns in Indian tongues 11 Now, Signs for 366
Obongo aquatic burial 180 surface burial 139, 140 Observers, Queries for, regarding burial 202, 203 Occasional resource, Gestures as an 279 Ohio mound burial 117 Oh-sah-ke-uck 94 Ojibwa and Cree surface burial 141 dialogue in signs 499 pictographs connected with signs 371, 372, 376, 380, 381 , Tribal sign for 472 Old man, Sign for 338 Omaha colloquy in signs 490 myth 581 Onomatopeia 283 Opposite, Signs for 353 Opposition in sign language 364 Oraibi myth 27 Oral language defined 273 , primitive 274 Orators, modern, Gestures used by 311 Origin of man, in connection with the study of anthropology 77, 78 sign language 273 Original and secondary cessions 256 Osage, Tribal signs for 472 Ossuaries, European 191 Otis, Dr. George A., U.S.A., Burial case 162 Oto and Missouri Indians, Inhumation 96-98 Ouray, Burial of 128 , head chief of Utes 315, 328 Outlawry, Wyandot institution of 67 Owsley, Dr. W. J., Cist graves 114
Palenque, Statues of 207, 224, 237-239, 245 Pani, Tribal signs for 472 Pantomime, Natural 280 Pantomimes, Classic 286 Paradigmatic inflection 7, 15 Partial cremation 150 , North Carolina Indians 150, 151 scaffold burial and ossuaries 168 Particles, Adverbial 13 , Modal 13 , Pronominal 13 , Tense 13 Parsee burial 105, 106 Partisan, Signs for 384, 418 Paskagoulas and Billoxis, House burial 124, 125 Patricio’s narrative in signs 505 Peace, Signals for 530, 534, 535 , Signs for 438 Pend d’Oreille, Tribal sign for 473 Period, Mark of, in sign language 368 Permanence of signs 329 Persians, Mortuary customs of the 103, 104 Personal adornment regulations (Wyandot) 64 Peruvian characters connected with signs 371 “Pet-chi-é-ri” 200 Philology, Relation of sign language to 349 Philosophy, Genesis of 19 , Mythologic, Ancientism 33 , Course of evolution of 38-43 , Ecstasism 36 , Mythic tales 37 , Monotheism 42 , Outgrowth from 33-38 , Physitheism 42 , Psychotheism 42 , Religion 37, 38 , Spiritism 35, 36 , Thaumaturgics 37 , Theistic society 35 , Tutelarism 41 , Zoötheism 38, 39, 40 of civilization 21 of savagery 21 , Stages of 21 Phrases in sign language 479 Phratry defined 60, 61 Physitheism defined 30, 32 Pictographs connected with sign language 368 Picture writing, Central American 25 , Limitations to the use of, in study of anthropology 75 Pilling, J. C., Bibliography of North American Philology xv Pimas, Inhumation among 98, 99 Pinart, M. Alphonse, Pima burial 98 Pinkerton, John, Virginia mummies 131 Piros 101 Pit burial 93 Pitt River Indians, Burial and cremation 151 Pi-Ute cairn burial 143 Placement, Process of 6-8 Porter, Prof. Samuel, Thought without language 277 Possession, Right of 252 , Sign for 484, 524 Posts, Burial 197 Potherie, De la M., Surface burial 140 Powell, J. W., Indian orthography 484 , Inflexions in Indian languages 351 , Linguistic classification 403 , Stone graves or cists 113 Powers, Stephen, Burial dance 192 , Burial song 194 , Burial superstition 200 , Origin of cremation 144 , Se-nél cremation 147 , Yuki burial 99 Preparation of dead, Similarity of, between Comanches and African tribes 100 Prepositions in Indian tongues 11 sign language 367 Preservation of dead, Macrobrian Ethiopians 136, 137 , Werowance of Virginia 131, 132 Pretty, Signs for 300 Priest, Josiah, Box burial 155 Primitive language, Theories upon 282 oral language 274 Prisoner, Sign for 345 Processes of language 3-8 Pronominal particles 13 Pronouns in Indian languages 9-10 Proper names in sign language 364, 476 Psychology, Limitations to the use of, in the study of anthropology 83, 86 Psychotheism defined 30, 32 Pueblo pictographs connected with signs 373 , Tribal sign for 473 Punctuation in sign language 367 Purchases of land from Indians in Illinois 254 Putnam, F. W., Stone graves or cists 115, 116
Quantity, Signs for 291, 359, 445 Queries for observers regarding burial 202, 203 Question, Signs for 291, 297, 303, 447, 480, 486, 494 , Signals for 531, 536 Quetzalcoatl 230, 237, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243 Quintilian, Antiquity of gesture language 285 , Powers of gesture 280 , Questioning by gesture 449 , Rules for gesture 285 Quiogozon or ossuary 94
Rabbit, Sign for 321 Rabelais, Forced and mistaken signs 338 , Head shaking 441 , Primitive language 282 , Sign for marriage 290 , Signs addressed to women 310 , Universal language 287 Raffaelle, Attention to gestures 292 Railroad cars, Sign for 322 Rain myth, Hindoo 27 , Oraibi 26 , Shoshone 26, 27 , Signs for 344, 357, 372 Rainbow myth (Shoshoni) 27 Rapport necessary in gestures 310 Ran, Dr. 221 Reason for cairn burial 143 Rejection, Signs for 298, 299 Religion, Origin of 37, 38 Remarks, Final 203 Researches in sign language, how made 395 Results sought in study of sign language 346 Revenge, A dog’s; a Dakota fable 587 Review of Turner’s narrative 165 Ride, Sign for 551 Riggs, S. R., Linguistic researches xviii Robertson, R. S., Surface burial 139 Roman, Bernard, Choctaw hone houses 168 , Funeral customs of Chickasaws 123 Round Valley Indians, burial among 124 Royce, C. C., Cessions of land xxvii Ruxton 324
Sac, or Sanki, Tribal sign for 473 Sacrifice 187 Sacs and Foxes, burial among 94, 95 , surface burial 140, 141 Safety, Signals for 536 Sahaptin, Tribal sign, for 473 Same, similar, Sign for 385 Sauer, Martin, Aleutian mummies 135 Sauks, Foxes, and Pottawatomies, surface burial among 151 Sayce, Prof. A. H., Origin of language in gestures 283, 284 Scaffold burial, Australia 167 , Chippewas 161, 162 , Choctaw 169 , Gros-Ventres and Mandans 161 , Iroquois 169, 170 , Natchez 169 , Sioux 163, 164 , Tent burial on 174 Scaffolds, Theory regarding 167, 168 Schiller’s burial song 110 Schoolcraft, Henry R., Burial posts 197 , Comparative vocabulary 555 , Cremation myth 144 , Mohawk burial 93, 95 , Partial embalmment 132 Scocciare, Italian sign for 298 Seechaugas 158 Sellers, George Escoll, Cist burial 114 Se-nél, Cremation among the 147, 148 Sepulture, Aerial 152 Seraglio, mutes of the, Gestures of the 307 Shawnee, Tribal sign for 474 Sheepeater, Tribal signs for 474 Sheldon, William, Caraib burial customs 146 Shoshone burial lodges 153, 154 cairn burial 143 myth 26, 27 , Tribal signs for 474 Sibscota, Mutes of Seraglio 307 Sicard, Abbé, Deaf mute signs 277, 288, 362 Sicaugu 158 Sicily, Gesture language in 295 Sign language, Abstract ideas expressed in 348 , Alaskans, of the 513 , Antiquity of 285 , Apache pictographs connected with 372 , Archæologic research connected with 368 , Arrangement in description of signs in 546 , Australian 306 , Authorities in, list of 401 , Chinese characters connected with 356, 357 , Cistercian monks, of 283, 364 , collaborators in, List of 401 , comparison, Degrees of, in 363 , Conjunctions in 367 , Convention, not requiring 334 , Corporeal gestures in 270, 273 , correspondents, Foreign, on 407 , deaf-mutes, of uninstructed 277 , dialects, numerous, connected with 294 , Dialogues in 486 , Dictionary of, Extracts from 409 , Discontinuance of 312 , Discourses in 521 , Egyptian characters connected with 304, 355, 357-359, 370, 379, 380 , Emotional gestures in 270 , Ethnologic facts connected with 384 evolved rather than invented 319 , Facial expression in 270, 273 , fingers, Details of position of, in 392, 547 , Gender in 366 , Grammar connected with 359 , hand positions, Types of, in 547 , History of 285 , illustration, Scheme of, in 544 , Indian and deaf-mute, compared 320 and foreign, compared 319 , Special and peculiar is the 319 , Indians, North American, Once universal among 324-326 , Conditions favorable to 311 , Innuits, of the 307 , interrogation, Mark of, in 367 , Invention of new signs in 387 , Italians, modern, of 285, 305 , Languages, Indian, compared with 351 , Maya characters connected with 356, 376 , Mexican characters connected with 357, 375, 377, 380, 382 , Mistaken denial of existence of 326 , Modern use of 293 , Modern use of, by other than North American Indians 320 , Motions relative to parts of body in 393, 545 , Narratives in 500 , Negation or affirmative in 391 , Ojibwa pictographs connected with 371, 372, 380, 381 , Opposition in 364 , Oral language not proportioned to development of 293, 314 , Origin of 273 , Origin of, from a particular tribe 316 , Outlines of arm positions in 545 , period, Mark of, in 368 , Peruvian characters connected with 371 , Phrases in 479 , Pictographs connected with 368 , Practical application of 346 preceded articulate speech 274, 284 , Prepositions in 367 , Prevalence of Indian system of 323 , Proper names in 364, 476 , Pueblo pictographs connected with 373 , Punctuation, in 367 , Philology, relation of, to 349 , Researches, Mode in which made on 395 , Resemblance to Indian languages 351 , Results sought in the study of 346 , Seraglio, of the mutes of the 307 , Sicilian 295 , Sociologic conditions connected with 293, 294 , South American 307 , Survival of 306 , Syntax connected with 359 , Tense in 366 , Time in 366 , Tribal signs in 458 , writing, Origin of, connected with 354 Signals, Apache 534 bodily action, Executed by 529 , Cheyenne and Arapaho 542 , Dust 541 , Fire arrows used in 540 , Foreign 549 , Smoke 536 when person signaling is not seen 536 with objects in connection with personal action 532 Signs, Abbreviation in 338 , Arbitrary 340 , Conventional 333, 336, 340 , deaf-mutes, of uninstructed 277 , diversities in, Classes of 341 , Forced 336 , Homomorphy of, with diverse meanings 342 , Mistaken 336 , Natural 307, 340 , Oral language, not proportioned to development of 293, 314 , Permanence of 329 , Power of, compared with speech 347, 349 , Surviving in gesture 330 , Symmorphs in 343 , Synonyms in 341 , Systematic use of, distinguished from uniformity of 330 , Theories of Indians, respecting the 313 Silence, Sign for 304 Simpson, Capt. J. H., U.S.A., Aquatic burial 181 Sioux and Chippewa burial posts 197, 198 lodge burial 152, 153 mourning ceremonies 109, 110 scaffold burial of the 163, 164 tree burial of the 161 Small, Sign for 302 Smoke, Sign for 343, 380 signals 536 , Foreign 539 Smyth, R. Brough, Australian, signs 306, 408 Society, Kinship 68, 69 Sociologic conditions connected with use of gestures 293 Sociology, Limitations to the use of, in study of anthropology 83 So´-kus wai´-un-äts, a Shoshoni myth 47-51 Soldier, Signs for 344, 449, 505 Solutré cists 113 Songs, Burial 194 , of Basques and others 195 South Americans, Signs of 307 Southern Indians, Urn burial among 137 Spainhour, Dr. J. Mason, Curious burial 120 Speak, speech, Signs for 345, 373 Speech, Differentiation of parts of 8 Spencer, J. W., Partial surface burial 140 Spiritism defined 35, 36 Squirrel, Sign for 321 Standing posture, Burial in 151, 152 Stansbury, Capt. H., U.S.A., Lodge burial 152 Steamboat, Sign for 388 Steatite burial urn, California 138 Stephens, John L. 207-210 Sternberg, Dr. George M., U.S.A., Grave mounds 119 , Burial case discovered 162 Stevenson, James, Exploration by xxx Stone graves or cists 113 mounds 118 , Signs for 386, 515 Stupidity, Signs for 303 Submission, Signals for 531 Suggestions for collecting signs 394 Sun, Indian explanation of 24 , moon, star myth (Oraibi) 25 myth (Ute) 24 , Signs for 344, 370 Sunrise, Sign for 371 Superstition, Hidatsa 199 regarding burial feasts 191 Superstitions, Burial 199 Superterrene and aerial burial in canoes 171 Surface burial 138, 139 , Ojibways and Crees 141 , Sacs and Foxes 140, 141 , Sauks, Foxes, and Pottawatomies 141 Surrender, Signals for 531, 536 Surrounded, Signal for 536 Suspicion, Sign for 306 Swan, James G., Canoe burial 171 , Klamath burial 106 , Superstitions 201 Sweat lodges 586 Swedenborg, Primitive language 288 Symbols, distinguished from signs 388 Symmorphs in signs 343 Synonyms in signs 341 Syntactic relation, how accomplished 7 Syntax, Sign language with reference to 359
Tāh-zee 142 Talkers, fluent, Gestures of 279 Ta-vwots´ fights the sun; a Shoshoni myth 52, 56 Tegg, William, Antiquity of cremation 143 , Towers of silence 104 Tendoy-Huerito dialogue in signs 486 Tennanah, Tribal sign for 475 Tennessee cists 113 Tense in Indian tongues 12 in sign language 336 particles 13 Tent burial on scaffold 174 Teoyaomiqui 229 Tetzcatlipoca 230 Thaumaturgics 37 Theft, Signs for 292, 345 , Wyandot law for 66 Theistic society defined 35 Theories regarding mummification or embalmment 130 regarding use of scaffolds 176, 168 Tiffany, A. S., Cremation furnace 149 Timberlake, H., Aquatic burial 180 Time, in sign language 386 , long, Sign for 522 , Signs for 350, 508 Title, Indian, Character of 249 inheres in discoverer 249 Tlaloc 229, 230, 231, 233-239, 241, 244 Tlascaltecs, burial superstition 201 To-day, Signs for 386 Tolkotin cremation 144, 146 Tolow burial superstition 200 Tompkins, Gen. Chas. H., U.S.A., Partial cremation 151 Torquemada 232 Touatihu 230 Towers of silence, Description of 104-106 Trade, Signs for 381, 450, 495 Treason, Wyandot law for 67 Treaties at Fort Harmar 251 Tree and scaffold burial 158 , Brulé Sioux 158, 160 burial, ancient nations 165, 166 , Blackfeet 101 , Sioux 101 , Signs for 343, 496, 524 Tribal government based on kinship 68, 69 signs 458 society, A study of (Wyandot) 59-69 Troano, Manuscript 234 Trumbull, Dr. J. Hammond, Composition of Indian words 351 Tsinūk burial sacrifice 179 Tso-di-á-ko’s Report, in signs 524 Turner, Dr. L. S., Scaffold burial 163 Turner’s narrative, Review of 165 Tutelarism defined 41 Twana and Clallam mourning observances 176 canoe burial 171-173 Twanas and Clallams, funeral ceremonies 176 Tylor, Dr. E. B, Sign language 293, 320, 323
Uniformity of signs distinguished from their systematic use 330 Urn burial by Southern Indians 137 Ute cairn burial 142 cave burial 127, 128 myth 23, 24, 22 , Tribal signs for 475
Valentini 243 Van Camper, Moses. Mode of burial of Indians inhabiting Pennsylvania 112 Van Vliet, Gen. Stewart, U.S.A., Tree and scaffold burial 153 Variank 208 Verbs in English language 14 Indian tongues 10, 11 Verification of death, Caraibs 146 Village, Signs for 386 Vinci, Leonardo da, use of gestures 292 Virginia mummies 131, 132 Vocalic mutation in language, Process of 7
Wagon, Sign for 322 Wah-peton and Sisseton Sioux, Inhumation among 107-110 Wait, Signs for 201, 299 Waldeck 210, 243 Want, Sign for 344 Warning, Sign for 301, 302 Wascopums, Burial sacrifice of 189, 190 Washington, City of, Sign for 470 Water, Signs for 357, 494 Wee-ka-nahs 101 Welch, H., Surface burial 141 Werowance of Virginia, preservation of the dead 131, 132 White man, Signs for 450, 469, 491, 500, 526 Whitney, J. D., alphabet, on the 557 burial cave, Description of a 128 , Prof. W. D., Primitive speech 283 Whymper, Frederic, Burial boxes 156 Wichita, Tribal signs for 476 Wichitas, Inhumation among the 102, 103 Widow, Chippewa 184, 185 Widows, Mourning customs of 185, 186 Wilcox, E., Partial cremation 150 Wilkins, Bishop, Philosophic language 288 Wilkins, Charles, Kentucky mummies 133 Williams, Mr. B. O. 326 , Monier, Parsee burial 104 Wind, Greek idea of 24 , Indian explanation of 23 , Norse idea of 24 Wiseman, Cardinal, Gesture of blind man 278 , Italian signs 408 Witchcraft, Wyandot law for 67 Woman, Sign for 497 Wood, Rev. J. G., African surface burial 139 , Bari burial 125 , Fans of Africa devour the dead 182 , Obongo aquatic burial 180 Worthlessness, Sign for 301 Wright, Dr. S. G., Superstitions regarding burial feasts 191 Writing, origin of, Gestures connected with the 354 Wyandot criminal laws 66, 67 for adultery 66 for maiming 66 murder 66 of outlawry 67 for theft 66 for treason 67 for witchcraft 67 government 59-69 military government 68 regulations 63, 64 of encampment 64 of migration 64 of name 64 of personal adornment 64 rights 65 of community 65 of person 65 of religion 65 , Tribal sign for 476
Yo-kaí-a burial dance 192-194 Young, John, Tree burial 161 Yuki inhumation 99 Yurok burial fires 198
Zoötheism defined 30-32
* * * * * * * * *
_Errors and Inconsistencies: Index_
Missing commas within or before entries have been silently supplied.
Actors, modern, Use of gestures by [_f in “of” invisible_] Allen, Dr. Harrison [Dr Harrison] Brulé Dakota colloquy in signs [Brule] Darwin, Charles, Analysis of emotional gestures [_syllable “ges” invisible_] Denial of the existence of sign language, Mistaken [existince] Gibbs, George / Comparative vocabulary [comparative] Intonation, Process of 6, 7 [617] Landa, Bishop [Lauda] Landa’s hieroglyphic alphabet [Lauda’s] Letter of transmittal iii [_page number given as 89_] McKenney, Thomas L., Scaffold burial [Scafford] Myth, Rain (Hindoo) [Bain]
Pronouns in Indian languages 9-10 Syntactic relation, how accomplished 7 Vocalic mutation in language, Process of 7 [_page numbers in these three items are conjectural; all are missing from the Index_]