Chapter 35

In the art exhibit, in the Kansas Building, the total number of articles entered and shown was 537. The total value of the same was $20,247, classified as follows: Sculpture, paintings in oil, paintings in water colors, pastels and other drawings, miniatures, etchings, etc., paintings on china, art needlework, embroideries, etc., tapestries, etc.

KENTUCKY.

The legislature of 1902 refused to make an appropriation for a State exhibit. The organization of the Kentucky Exhibit Association to raise a fund by private subscription followed. For fourteen months an active canvass was conducted, resulting in $30,000 and a sentiment so unanimous for the State's representation at the fair that in January, 1904, the general assembly supplemented this amount with $75,000. The Kentucky Exhibit Association had several hundred members, with a board of 15 directors. Upon the passage of the appropriation act, Governor J.C. Beckham, who signed the measure, appointed the following commissioners, all to serve without compensation:

A.Y. Ford, president; Charles C. Spalding, vice-president; R.E. Hughes, secretary; W.H. Cox, W.T. Ellis, Clarence Dallam, W.H. Newman, Sam P. Jones, Samuel Grabfelder, M.H. Crump, J.B. Bowles, Charles E. Hoge, A.G. Caruth, B.L.D. Guffy, Garrett S. Wall, Frank M. Fisher, Mrs. Bertha Miller Smith, hostess.

Mr. Hughes, as secretary, was in charge of the building, and as director of exhibits maintained supervision over Kentucky's entire representation in the exhibit palaces. He was Kentucky's member of the Executive Commissioners' Association of the fair. Mr. Hughes had a most capable secretary in Mr. Frank Dunn, who was connected with the work from the organization of the old Kentucky Exhibit Association. Mrs. Bertha Miller Smith, of Richmond, Ky., held the position of hostess of the building.

Besides erecting a State Building, Kentucky collected, installed, and maintained 16 different exhibits; a collective display of minerals, a separate display of coal, a separate display of clays, in the Mines and Metallurgy Building; a collective display from the schools and colleges of the State and two separate displays in the blind section in the Palace of Education and Social Economy; two collective displays--one exterior, the other interior--of forestry in the department devoted to Forestry, Fish, and Game; a collective display of general agricultural products in the Palace of Agriculture; and displays of paintings and sculptures by Kentucky artists and sculptors, of fancy needle and drawn work by women, and of the works of Kentucky authors and composers in the Kentucky Building.

The displays in the exhibit palaces occupied 15,000 square feet of space, the tobacco display with 4,000 square feet having the largest space assigned any one product. Four thousand square feet were devoted to minerals, 1,200 to education, 3,000 to a general agricultural exhibit, 1,200 to forestry and its manufactured products, and 1,200 to horticulture.

In the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy the general display combined both State and individual effort. Its 3,400 square feet of space faced on three of the main aisles of the building. Facing on three aisles the exhibit had three entrances, an arch of cannel coal, an arch of white limestone, and an arch of terra cotta burned in St. Louis from clay taken from Waco, Madison County. The arches were connected by a 3-foot wall of minerals, forming an inclosure for the exhibit. In this wall were shown, as approaches to the clay-entrance arch, building brick, tiles, paving brick, fire brick, plain and decorated pottery, etc.; as approaches to the cannel-coal arch, both bituminous and cannel coal, and as approaches to the stone arch, building stones and cement building blocks.

Oil and its future development was found in a collective petroleum exhibit from the several oil horizons. Large blocks of coal, representing the different veins of Kentucky, several full lines of broken coals, and a very complete display of coke were also displayed. A very elaborate display of kaolin--plastic, vitrifying, and refractory clays--was made.

In all, there were 114 different specimens of clay attractively displayed in glass cases and in convenient corners; also plain and decorated pottery, white and cream-colored wares, terra cotta, earthen-ware, building brick, firebacks, coke-oven sundries, paving brick, fire brick, tiles, etc. The Kentucky display contained also zinc ore and sphalerite, lead ore and barite, lead and zinc ore, and fluarite from the mines in Chittenden County; zinc and lead ores and metallic zinc from "the Joplin district of Kentucky;" sphalerite and galena from Marion, galena (in barite) from Lockport, Henry County, and large lumps and ground fluorspar and lead concentrates from Marion, Crittenden County. There were 138 samples of iron ore shown as a collective State exhibit, and in addition to this there was ore from Edmonson County, ore from Nelson County, ore from Allen County, ore from Carter County, and ore from Hart County. One of the unique displays was a sample bottle of oil from the old American oil well in Cumberland County. This well, begun September 10, 1827, was the first oil well in America. Collective State exhibits of oynx marble, paint earths, polished earths, sands, silicious earths, road materials, fluorspars, barite calcite, cement materials, salt, lithograph stone, lime, potash, marl, asphalt rock, etc., were also to be found in Kentucky's general mineral exhibit.

The State made a fine display in forestry, fish, and game. The collection embraced displays from all parts of Kentucky. The forestry exhibit not only showed Kentucky's timbers in the rough and polished state, but hundreds of samples of the manufactured products. One of the exhibits was a full-sized log wagon, carrying three large logs 10 feet long, one each of oak, poplar, and hickory. The idea of showing the timber from which the product was made was carried out as far as possible throughout the exhibit.

Kentucky's educational exhibit occupied 1,100 square feet, every foot of which was utilized to advantage. The public schools, Catholic institutions, commercial branches, and colleges were given due prominence, while special attention was given to mountain school labors. One part was devoted to public schools and another to Catholic institutions. The school work of the totally blind pupils occupied six display cabinets. These cases showed the entire course, from 8 years to 18. The display from the Kentucky School for the Deaf at Danville, illustrating the work done in its manual-training department, was shown also. This school was the pioneer in the manual-training movement in Kentucky, and for over half a century every graduate has left its halls equipped with a knowledge of some useful handicraft. More than a year was consumed in the collection of Kentucky's educational exhibit.

Kentucky made a good showing agriculturally, and had a creditable and attractive representation in the Palace of Agriculture. Raising more than 90 per cent of the hemp of the United States, Kentucky made one of the really distinctive exhibits of the Agricultural Building at the exposition. The exhibit occupied more than 2,000 square feet. An experiment station showed 50 varieties of grasses and 15 varieties of wheat, both in the seed and in the sheaf Another interesting feature was an entire case of insects injurious to fruit trees and staple products. An interesting feature was an obelisk, 12 feet high, made of blue grass from the experiment station The apex was of ripened blue grass; the shades leading up to it, formed the base, beginning with the grass in its green state. The bluish tint that gives the grass its name could be seen. Various stages of hemp culture and harvest were shown also. These include the seed, the stalk intact, broken and dressed hemp. Practically 100 different places were represented in this Kentucky exhibit. There were in all 242 exhibitors. Fifty-two of these showed tobacco, 108 corn, 18 wheat, 6 oats, 8 seeds, 5 hemp, and the others miscellaneous.

The display of tobacco was conceded to be most instructive. Occupying an entire block--4,628 square feet of space--it covered more floor area than any other display in the 1,240 acres of the exposition devoted to a single product. There was shown in miniature or by pictures tobacco in every phase of its culture and manufacture. A box of plug tobacco 3 feet square, the largest ever made, was shown here. To show to good advantage the successive steps in the culture, harvesting, curing, and marketing of the tobacco, two platforms, each 31 feet long by 8 feet wide, were utilized. They were on opposite aisles of the space, running parallel with the 89-foot sides. On one platform were shown the plant beds and fields, on the other the curing barns and warehouses.

The State Pavilion was dedicated as the "New Kentucky Home." By a careful study of the visitors' register with the total attendance at the exposition it was found that 1 out of every 18 visitors to the fair visited the "New Kentucky Home." The registers showed for one day alone citizens from 35 States and 11 foreign countries. Its walls, hung with more than $20,000 worth of the paintings of Kentucky artists, the most important collection in the State Building; a score of glass cases holding one of the exhibits of fancy needlework and a display of relics, with a library of the works of Kentucky authors and an art-design piano with Kentucky-written music, the "New Kentucky Home" was most interesting. With four sides, and every side a front, its doors were always wide open and no restriction was placed upon visitors. Its 582 lights at night spoke an invitation to all.

LOUISIANA.

_Members of commission._--Governor Newton C. Blanchard, president; Dr. W.C. Stubbs, State commissioner; Maj. J.G. Lee, secretary; Gen. J.B. Levert; Col. Charles Schuler; H.L. Gueydan; Robert Glenk, assistant to State commissioner; Charles K. Fuqua, assistant secretary.

The legislature of the State of Louisiana in 1902 passed an act providing that a board of commissioners, to be known as "The Board of Commissioners of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition," be created, consisting of the governor, who should be ex officio president thereof, and four other members to be appointed by the governor. The sum of $100,000 was appropriated by the same act for Louisiana's participation in the Louisiana Purchase Exposition.

In the city of New Orleans is an old Spanish building, erected in 1795, used during the Spanish reign as a cabildo or court building. In this building the actual transfer of the Louisiana purchase from Spain to France and from France to the United States occurred, the first on November 30 and the last on December 20, 1803.

The commission wisely determined to reproduce this building as it was at that date on the exposition grounds at St. Louis and to use the same as a State building. It was determined also to furnish it with furniture and pictures of that date. On account of the prominence of the State of Louisiana in the original purchase, she was accorded first choice in the selection of a site for her State building. A beautiful spot overlooking Government Hill and directly south of Missouri's handsome State Palace was selected. The building was completed in October, 1903, at a cost of $25,000. On account of its historic interest and rich antique furnishings, the State building attracted much attention, and the visitors that passed through its portals numbered perhaps nearly a million.

In front of the building was reproduced the "Place d'Armes" of the French and Spanish regimes, now Jackson square, in the center of which was erected an equestrian statue of Andrew Jackson, modeled upon the one erected to the hero of Chalmette in the square in New Orleans by the grateful citizens of Louisiana.

In the room known as Sala Capitular, in which the transfer occurred, was exposed throughout the exposition a facsimile of the treaty signed by Livingstone, Monroe, and Marbois. In the jails in the rear of the Cabildo were placed the original stocks used by the Spanish in punishment of their criminals.

Besides the Cabildo, which was a veritable museum of curios and interesting relics, Louisiana had 15 exhibits in 10 buildings.

In the Agricultural Palace she had 8,500 feet of space, of which 2,000 was devoted to sugar, 2,000 to rice, 2,000 to cotton, and 2,500 to general agriculture.

In the sugar exhibit was a field of cane made of wax, with negroes cutting the same, and from this field there was a train of cars carrying cane to the sugarhouse. On reaching the sugarhouse the cane was unloaded by machinery and crushed by a complete sugar mill with crusher. Surrounding the sugarhouse were 500 small barrels of sugar and 100 barrels of molasses; also in the same space were commercial samples of plantation and refined sugars and a life-sized model of "Miss Louisiana" made of sugar. Samples of 100 varieties of cane were shown and samples of sugarhouse products were also, displayed. There were also to be seen beautiful samples of paper Of all grades made from the cane.

In the rice exhibit were to be found, first, large shocks of each, variety of rice in the sheaf. A field of growing rice, made of wax, with a harvesting machine cutting and binding the same, was in evidence. All stages of growing rice were represented, from the sprouting seed to the fully matured grain. Samples of commercial rice were tastefully exhibited.

In the cotton exhibit were to be found 15 commercial bales of cotton specially prepared for the exhibit by patriotic citizens of Louisiana. Over these bales was a platform, upon which was erected a "Carnival King" in cotton. A roller and saw gin, a square and round bale cotton press, and a complete cotton-seed oil mill made up the display of machinery in the cotton exhibit. Nearly 100 varieties were shown in small, neat bales, weighing 3 or 4 pounds each.

In the agricultural exhibit every crop growing in the field and the garden was exhibited. Hay from the grasses and legumes, all kinds of grain, both clean and in the straw; all kinds of fiber plants, in the stock and in the fiber; all kinds of tobacco, yellow-leaf cigar leaf, cigars, and the famous Perique were to be found. Vegetables of all kinds, both fresh and in wax, were handsomely displayed.

In the Palace of Horticulture two exhibits were made. Pecans, oranges, grapefruit, peaches, plums, pears, pomegranates, Japan persimmons, and many other subtropical fruits were shown.

In the conservatory were two carloads of plants brought from New Orleans. In it were 28 varieties of palms and many varieties of oranges, pecans, figs, pineapples, bananas, pomegranates, etc.

In the Forestry Building there were two exhibits from Louisiana. In the first were to be found timbers of valuable forests and their products. In the same building were found the birds, fishes, and animals of Louisiana.

In the Educational Building there were also two exhibits from Louisiana. One was the regular State exhibit, illustrating the work done in the schools, colleges, and universities.

In the same building and in the exhibit from the experimental stations a complete sugar laboratory made by the sugar experimental station at Audubon Park, New Orleans, was shown.

In the Mines and Metallurgy Building were exhibits of sulphur and salt, crude and refined petroleum, marble, and iron ore, all fresh from the mines of Louisiana.

In the Liberal Arts Building were topographical maps showing the levees of Louisiana, and showing also the city of New Orleans in 1803 and New Orleans in 1903. There were also in this exhibit 200 maps of the Gulf coast from 1500 up to the present time, some rare old books, a section of the palisades that surrounded New Orleans in the year 1794, and copies of all the books of the authors of the State.

In the Transportation Building was represented transportation on the Mississippi River, past and present, beginning with the Indian canoe and on through the evolution of transportation up to the monster ocean liner of to-day.

In the Anthropology Building was a very fine collection of Indian relics, including a number of baskets of rare and beautiful type.

MAINE.

The State of Maine erected one of the most noteworthy buildings of the ground and one that attracted universal attention. The building represented accurately the popular conception of what a sportsman's clubhouse should be. The building was made entirely of Maine lumber and was in the form of a log cabin, exaggerated in size and equipped with all the comforts of a country clubhouse. In this connection it is interesting to note that the Maine Pavilion was subsequently sold for $2,000 for the purpose of a sportsman's clubhouse in the country. The spacious, cool verandas and the odor from the fresh pine logs made the log house of Maine a favorite rendezvous during the heated days of the summer. The building was furnished throughout with furnishings from the manufacturers of Maine. The walls were decorated with moose heads and specimens of the game and fish to be found in Maine. The walls of the building were hung with pictures of various scenes in the State. The total cost of the building was $22,361.40, and the furnishings cost $159.80.

The legislature of the State appropriated $40.000 for the purpose of erecting the building and making the display. There was no money given by individuals. The total cost of the exhibit was $1,893.19.

The commissioners appointed by the legislature were as follows:

Louis B. Goodall, Sanford, chairman; Lemuel Lane, Westbrook; Frank H. Briggs, Auburn; Charles C. Burrill, Ellsworth; Henry W. Sargent, Sargentville. Edward E. Philbrook was elected secretary.

The purpose of the commission was primarily to advertise they resources of the State of Maine as a vacation and sporting State. The only exhibit made by the State, beyond that described above, was a small display of potatoes and apples.

MARYLAND.

In the legislature of the State of Maryland in 1902 an item of $25,000 was provided in the general appropriation bill "for the use of the commissioners to the St. Louis Fair, hereby authorized to be appointed by the governor." The amount of this appropriation was less than the friends of the measure desired, but it enabled the work to be inaugurated. Governor Smith appointed the following commissioners:

Gen. L. Victor Baughman, chairman; Francis E. Waters, vice-chairman; Frederick P. Stieff, treasurer; Frank N. Hoen, William A. Marburg, William H. Grafflin, Wesley M. Oler, Thomas H. Robinson, Jacob M. Pearce, Orlando Harrison, Mrs. Frances E. Lord, Mrs. Parks Fisher, F.P. Cator, H.J. McGrath; Samuel K. Dennis, secretary.

A further appropriation of $40,000 was made, giving the commission a total of $65,000. Through the systematic, scientific work of the Maryland geological survey the commission had at hand the basis of an excellent exhibit for the Palace of Mines. After vicissitudes of various kinds, chiefly those occasioned by the great fire in Baltimore, the Maryland Building was finished and opened on June 8. The total cost of the building was $18,402.70. It was of a modern classic design, very boldly treated. In plan it was a parallelogram 100 feet long by 40 feet wide, with a recess on the front 10 by 55 feet, forming a loggia, which was richly decorated in color (the only such external color scheme on the grounds), supported by six columns of the composite order 25 feet high, carrying a cornice and balustrade above. The Maryland State arms were the central feature over the main entrance. At either end there were large semicircular porches, supported on Ionic columns, which made the total length of the building over all 140 feet. The site was an ideal one, close to the New York and other State buildings and on the direct route from the Inside Inn to the center of the grounds. The building was surrounded by a beautiful oak grove, and was on gently rising ground. Inside the classic feeling was maintained. On entering through the loggia one found an imposing hall 55 feet long by 25 feet high. The color scheme of this room was golden brown, with a lighter shade of the same for the vaulted ceiling. Portraits of great value, taken from the statehouse at Annapolis, as well as one of his eminence Cardinal Gibbons, lent an air of dignity. Other rooms on the ground floor were: On the left a picture room, where a large number of framed photographs of Maryland scenery, buildings, and objects of interest were hung, and back of this a lunch room and pantry, for use on reception days. At the other end of the building there was a drawing room, with a room at the back which was used as a men's smoking room, with toilet attached. A stairway led from this part of the building to the ladies' boudoir, which also had toilet attached, and to a ladies' drawing-room.

The second story, at the other end of the building, had a good room fitted up for the gentleman in charge of the building. Mr. Albert Jones, of Baltimore, and Mrs. Parks Fisher, of Baltimore, dispensed hospitality in true Maryland style, and made many friends for the State among the many visitors who came daily to the building. Upon Mrs. Fisher devolved much of the responsibility of making the building popular, and she was careful to have a few representative ladies of old Maryland families established in St. Louis to assist her in entertaining those who came. To Mrs. Fisher is due much of the credit for the taste and judgment used in furnishing the building.

The exhibit of Maryland's mineral resources in the Mines and Metallurgy Building covered an area of nearly 3,000 square feet of floor space, together with about 4,000 square feet of wall and window space. The mineral products were as follows:

Coals, building and decorative stones, ores, clays and clay products (including pottery, tile, terra cotta, fancy and common brick, fire brick, enameled brick, retorts and stove linings), limestones, sands, cement rocks, flints, feldspars, marls, tripoli, barites, soapstones, etc. All of the leading operators and manufacturers in the State took part in the display, some of them supplying large collections of materials. In addition to the exhibit of mineral products there was an extensive systematic collection representing the geology, mineralogy, and paleontology of the State, displayed in a series of plate-glass, cases on the walls. In this exhibit the numerous materials found at the various geological horizons were displayed, the object of the exhibit being to show the great variety of geological formations represented in Maryland.

The Maryland agricultural exhibit occupied a space 90 by 20 feet. A feature intended to illustrate the varied conditions, crops, and methods found in the northern and southern sections of the State, quite foreign to each other, were the two barn scenes, located at each end and on the wall side of the block. The corn exhibit, consisting of samples of ten ears each, was displayed in a handsome case 4 by 12 feet, protected by plate glass. Each sample was tied with orange and black ribbon, with the names and addresses of the growers attached. A second corn exhibit was made in a special exhibit in the, middle aisle of this mammoth building. Here were displayed the four staples--tobacco, sugar, cotton, and corn.