Chapter 4

1. INTRODUCTORY. ENGLISH AND DUTCH ORDERS ON THE EVE OF THE WAR, 1648-53 81 Parliamentary Orders, 1648 87 Supplementary Instructions, _circa_ 1650 88 Marten Tromp, 1652 91

2. INTRODUCTORY. ORDERS ISSUED DURING THE WAR, 1653 and 1654 92 Commonwealth Orders, 1653 99