d. Leaves opposite or whorled; stamens

inserted on the corolla. e. Stamens one to three. _Valerianaceae_ 508 e. Stamens four to five. f. Leaves opposite, never in whorls nor with stipules. _Caprifoliaceae_ 512 f. Leaves opposite and with stipules, or in whorls and without stipules. _Rubiaceae_ 506 c. Stamens united by their anthers.