CHAPTER VII.

EMPLOYMENT OF ARTILLERY IN WAR.

140. General instructions 227

CHARACTERISTICS OF FIELD ARTILLERY. 141. Field guns 227 142. Field howitzers 228 143. Heavy artillery 229 144. Mountain artillery 229

PRINCIPLES OF EMPLOYMENT. 145. Objects of fire 230 146. Concealment 231 147. Economy of force 232 148. Protection 234 149. Intercommunication 235

CO-OPERATION OF AIRCRAFT WITH ARTILLERY. 150. Employment of aircraft 238 151. Signalling from aircraft 239 152. Signalling from the ground to aircraft 239

DUTIES OF DIVISIONAL ARTILLERY COMMANDER. 153. General instructions 240

ARTILLERY IN ATTACK. 154. Action of the advanced guard artillery 245 155. Opening phase of the attack 246 156. Second phase of the attack 247 157. Third phase of the attack 250

ARTILLERY IN DEFENCE. 158. General instructions and preliminary measures 252 159. Opening phase of the defence 255 160. Second phase of the defence 256 161. Third phase of the defence 257

COUNTER-ATTACKS. 162. Artillery support to local counter-attacks 258 163. Artillery support to the decisive counter-attack 258

ARTILLERY IN WOOD AND VILLAGE FIGHTING. 163A. The employment of artillery in wood fighting 259 163B. Artillery in the attack and defence of villages 261

ARTILLERY IN NIGHT OPERATIONS. 164. General instructions 261

ARTILLERY IN RETIREMENTS AND RETREATS. 165. Retirements 263 166. Rearguards 264

EMPLOYMENT OF HORSE ARTILLERY WITH CAVALRY. 167. General instructions 265 168. Position on the march 267 169. Escorts 267 170. The approach march 268 171. The advance into action 270 172. The fight 272 173. Pursuit or retreat 273 174. Horse artillery with cavalry acting dismounted 273 175. Horse artillery in a general engagement 275 176. Ammunition supply 275

MOBILE ARTILLERY IN THE ATTACK AND DEFENCE OF A FORTRESS. 177. The attack 276 178. The defence 277

ARTILLERY IN IRREGULAR WARFARE. 179. General principles 278