i. The formations of a battery are:--

i. Line. ii. Échelon or short échelon. iii. Battery column. iv. Battery quarter column. v. Column of subsections. vi. Column of route.

------------------+------------------------------------------------- 2. _From_ | The battery leader moves in the required _line to |direction. The battery guide follows preserving _advance._ |smooth and uniform pace. The remaining |section commanders dress by the battery |guide and keep section interval from him, but |without constantly fixing their attention on him. | MARCH. | The Nos. 1 keep correct interval and distance |from the section commanders. If |obstacles are met section commanders lead |their sections round them, or direct individual |guns to evade them. ------------------+------------------------------------------------- 3. _From line to_ | _advance in_ | _échelon or short_| _échelon._ | | ADVANCE IN | The named section advances, the others ÉCHELON (_or_ |follow at the distance ordered. SHORT ÉCHELON) | FROM THE RIGHT | (CENTRE _or_ | LEFT)--MARCH. | ------------------+------------------------------------------------- 4. _From line to_ | _retire._ | | i. SUBSECTIONS | Wagons and serrefiles follow their gun RIGHT ABOUT |round. WHEEL--MARCH. | +------------------------------------------------- ii. RIGHT | Each carriage wheels to the right about and REVERSE--MARCH.|follows in rear of the serrefiles, who turn about |on their own ground. | |_Note._--If it is required to make the rear |the front the order is “GUNS FRONT, SERREFILES |REAR.” ------------------+-------------------------------------------------

_Note._--The retirement of a mountain battery at full and half interval is usually carried out by the order “LEFT REVERSE--MARCH.”

Nos. 1 and serrefiles turn about on their own ground.

On the order “GUNS FRONT, SERREFILES REAR,” the leading mules step short, and the axle mules move to the front by inclining to the right, followed by the others in succession from the rear.

---------------------+---------------------------------------------- 5. _From line_ | The odd subsections advance at the pace _to retire_ |ordered while the even subsections check the _when at half_ |pace. When the odd subsections are clear of _interval._ |the even subsections the battery commander |orders “SUBSECTION RIGHT ABOUT WHEEL,” |and when the subsections are all in line again THE BATTERY | The original pace is taken up. WILL RETIRE--MARCH. | | |_Note._--A line may reverse when at half |interval in a similar manner. ---------------------+---------------------------------------------- 6. _From line_ | All the section commanders turn half right _to incline._ |(or left) while the lead drivers of all the |carriages wheel their horses half right (or i. RIGHT |left), and all move off in the new direction. (_or_ LEFT) |The lines of the section commanders, guns and INCLINE--MARCH. |wagons remain parallel. To resume the original |direction the order is “FORWARD.” In horse |artillery the detachments preserve their |positions relative to their guns. | | In a mountain battery the incline is |executed by every man and animal turning |half right (or left) on his own ground and |moving in the new direction. ---------------------+---------------------------------------------- ii. SUBSECTIONS HALF | In this case, the wagons follow the guns RIGHT (_or_ LEFT)|instead of inclining independently. all resume --MARCH. |the original direction on the command |“SUBSECTIONS HALF LEFT (or RIGHT).” | | Inclining should only be done for short |distances. | | In a mountain battery each subsection |follows its No. 1, who turns half right |(or left) as ordered. ---------------------+---------------------------------------------- 7. _From line_ | _to take_ | Each carriage wheels at once. Officers, &c., _ground to_ |move to their places in column. _a flank._ | | In a mountain battery every animal is at RIGHT (_or_ |once turned to the right (or left) as ordered, LEFT) TAKE |Nos. 1 and serrefiles turn on their own GROUND--MARCH. |ground. The dressing is towards the axle |mules. ---------------------+-------------------------------------------- 8. _From line_ | The closing or opening is done upon the _to diminish_ |battery guide. He moves straight forward, _or increase |while the other section commanders and the the intervals._ |carriages incline inwards or outwards, and |when at the required interval, move forward |in succession. When all are in their places, HALF |the trot is resumed by order of the battery (CLOSE _or_ FULL) |leader. INTERVAL--MARCH. | | Should it be required to diminish or increase |the intervals without advancing the battery, |the battery guide stands fast, the carriages |reverse, move inwards or outwards, and form |up to the halt at the required interval. | | Should the battery commander desire it, he |may order the formation on any section or |subsection, when his command will be “HALF |(CLOSE or FULL) INTERVAL ON THE RIGHT (or |LEFT) SECTION (or No. ).” ---------------------+-------------------------------------------- 9. _From line_ | The subsection on the named flank (or, in _to advance_ |the case of an advance from the centre, the (_or retire_) |right subsection of the centre section) moves _in column_ |forward, the section commander placing himself _of route._ |in front. The remaining subsections |incline to their right or left, checking the |pace as required, and turn forward in |succession when in rear of the head of the |column. ---------------------+---------------------------------------------- ADVANCE IN | In advancing from the centre, the left COLUMN OF |subsection of the centre section follows the ROUTE FROM |right subsection, then those of the right THE RIGHT |section. (LEFT _or_ CENTRE) | A retirement is carried out in a similar --MARCH. |manner, the command being, “RETIRE IN |COLUMN OF ROUTE FROM THE RIGHT (LEFT, or |CENTRE)--MARCH.” The subsections wheel |about and proceed as before. ---------------------+---------------------------------------------- 10. _From_ | _line to_ | This is carried out in a similar manner to _advance_ |the previous movements, except that on (_or retire_) |leaving the alignment the wagons move up _in column_ |as ordered on the right or left of their guns _of subsections._ |at 20 yards interval. | ADVANCE IN | The command for a retirement is “RETIRE COLUMN OF |IN COLUMN OF SUBSECTIONS FROM THE RIGHT SUBSECTIONS |(LEFT, OR CENTRE)--WAGONS RIGHT (OR LEFT) FROM THE |--MARCH.” RIGHT (LEFT | In mountain artillery the advance or _or_ CENTRE)-- |retirement in column of subsections is done in WAGONS RIGHT (_or_ |a similar way, the firing battery mules of LEFT)--MARCH. |subsections following each other in succession, |and the 1st line, when this is on parade, |moving in the same order in rear. ---------------------+---------------------------------------------- 11. _From_ | The advance unless otherwise ordered is _line to_ |always from the centre or directing section. _advance in_ |The centre section advances straight to its _battery column._ |front. The right section inclines to its |left and follows immediately in rear of the |centre section, checking the pace as required ADVANCE IN |to do so. similarly the left section inclines BATTERY |to its right and follows the right section. COLUMN (_or_ | The wagons of 3 and 2 disengage and move FROM THE |forward at an increased pace so as to allow RIGHT _or_ |the guns of the right and left sections to get LEFT)--MARCH. |into their places without checking. This done |they drop back again. | | To advance in battery column from a flank |the named section advances, followed by the |remainder in succession. ---------------------+---------------------------------------------- 12. _From_ | _line to_ | _retire in_ | After the subsections have wheeled about _battery column._ |the movement is carried out as in para. 11, |the section is now on the right following the |centre section. RETIRE IN | BATTERY |_Note._--In mountain artillery the retirement COLUMN--SUBSECTIONS |in battery column may be done similarly by ABOUT |reversing, the order being “RETIRE IN BATTERY WHEEL--MARCH. |COLUMN--LEFT REVERSE--MARCH,” and the |movement is carried out as above when the |reversing is completed. ---------------------+---------------------------------------------- 13. _From_ | The rear subsections of sections incline to _column_ |their right and move up at the prescribed _of route_ |interval on the right of those in front. _to form_ | _battery | If the order “ON THE LEFT FORM BATTERY _column._ |COLUMN” is given, the rear subsections form |in a similar manner on the left of those in |front. | FORM | In mountain artillery battery column is BATTERY |formed from column of subsections in the COLUMN--MARCH. |same way. ---------------------+---------------------------------------------- 14. _From_ | _battery_ | The right (or left) subsection of the leading _column_ |section moves straight to the front, the other _to advance_ |inclines and follows. _in column_ | _of route._ | The rear section acts similarly, checking |the pace until there is room for them to move ADVANCE IN |forward. COLUMN OF | ROUTE FROM |In mountain artillery an advance in column THE RIGHT |of subsections is similarly carried out. (_or_ LEFT)-- | MARCH. | ---------------------+---------------------------------------------- 15. _From_ | _battery_ | The wagons incline to the left and move _column_ |up on the left of their guns at close interval. _to form_ |The sections close up to quarter column _battery_ |distance. _quarter_ | _column._ | Should it be desired, the wagons can be |brought on the right or at half interval by FORM |the command “WAGONS RIGHT,” or “WAGONS QUARTER |HALF INTERVAL.” COLUMN--MARCH. | ---------------------+---------------------------------------------- 16. _From_ | _battery column_ | The leading section follows the battery _to form line._ |guide. | | The centre and rear sections incline outwards |and follow their commanders on to the FORM |alignment. LINE--MARCH. | ---------------------+----------------------------------------------

_Special for Mountain Artillery._

---------------------+---------------------------------------------- 17. _From_ | _battery_ | _column to_ | _form line_ | The right (or left) subsections of sections _to a flank._ |come into action at once in the required |direction. The left (or right) subsections LINE TO THE |wheel to the right (or left) at their proper RIGHT (_or_ |interval, moving at a trot, if possible, and LEFT) FOR |come into action on the alignment. ACTION--MARCH. | ---------------------+----------------------------------------------

=139.= _Brigade drill._

1. The formations of a brigade are:--

i. Line. ii. Échelon or short échelon. iii. Line of battery columns. iv. Mass. v. Column of batteries. vi. Column of sections. vii. Column of subsections. viii. Column of route.

----------------------+------------------------------------------- 2. _From_ | The brigade advances straight to the front _line to_ |at an even pace. The brigade leader gives _advance._ |the direction to the brigade guide, and the |other battery leaders regulate themselves MARCH. |and consequently their batteries, by the |latter. ----------------------+------------------------------------------- 3. _From_ | _line to_ | _advance._ | _in échelon_ | _or short_ | _échelon of_ | _batteries._ | | ADVANCE IN | The named battery advances--the others ÉCHELON (_or_ |follow at the distance ordered. SHORT ÉCHELON) | FROM THE RIGHT | (CENTRE _or_ | LEFT)--MARCH. | ----------------------+------------------------------------------- 4. _From_ | _line to_ | _advance._ | _in line_ | _of battery_ | columns._ | | ADVANCE IN | Each battery advances straight to the front LINE OF |in battery column, the direction, dressing, BATTERY |and pace being regulated as in line. COLUMNS--MARCH. | ----------------------+-------------------------------------------- 5. _From_ | The batteries advance in battery column. _line to_ |The heads of the flank columns make half _advance._ |a wheel inwards and move up in line with the _in mass._ |centre column, at 25 yards interval. | ADVANCE IN | With two batteries, the battery of MASS--MARCH. |direction moves straight forward, the other |closes on it. ----------------------+-------------------------------------------- 6. _From_ | The battery of direction forms line and _mass to_ |moves straight forward. _form_ | _line to_ | The leading sections of the flank batteries _the front._ |make a half wheel outwards and move in that |direction till they have taken their correct FORM LINE--MARCH. |distance in line from the brigade guide. They |then wheel to the front and line is formed. ----------------------+--------------------------------------------- 7. _From_ | The leading battery forms battery column, _column of_ |continuing to move straight forward. _route to_ | _form mass._ | The centre and rear battery form battery |column and incline to the right and left |respectively, coming up on either side of the FORM MASS--MARCH. |leading battery at 25 yards interval. | | In a similar manner mass may be formed |on either flank. ----------------------+--------------------------------------------- 8. _From_ | _column of_ | _sections to_ | _form mass._ | | FORM MASS--MARCH. |As in 7. ----------------------+--------------------------------------------- 9. _From_ | _line to_ | _advance_ | _in quarter_ | _column_ | _of batteries_ | _from a_ | _flank (or_ | The right battery advances to clear the _the centre)._ |front and the other batteries incline to the |right. | ADVANCE IN | They successively incline to the front and QUARTER |close up to quarter column, the wagons of all COLUMN OF |coming up on the left of their guns at close BATTERIES |interval (or on the right or at half interval if FROM THE |ordered). RIGHT--MARCH. | ----------------------+--------------------------------------------- 10. _From_ | _line to_ | _form_ | _quarter_ | _column_ | _of batteries_ | The centre and left batteries reverse and _to the_ |move to the rear. The centre battery takes _halt._ |ground to its left, and again to its left |when in rear of the right battery, and closes TO THE |up to quarter column. the left battery HALT, |inclines to its left, again to its left when QUARTER |it has room, and takes ground to its left COLUMN OF |when in rear of the column, also closing up BATTERIES. |to quarter column. the wagons all come up on ON THE |the left of their guns at close interval RIGHT--MARCH. |(or on the right or at half interval if | ordered). ----------------------+--------------------------------------------- 11. _From_ | The leading battery moves forward till clear _quarter_ |of the one behind it. The centre battery _column of_ |inclines (shoulders at close interval) to its _batteries_ |right and continues in that direction till _to form_ |the battery guide has got his interval in _line to_ |line from the brigade guide, when it inclines _the front._ |to the left and comes up in line on the right |of the directing battery. Similarly the rear FORM LINE--MARCH. |battery inclines to the left and comes up on |the left. | | When the line is formed the trot is taken up |by all. The wagons drop into their places as |soon as possible. | | When this movement is performed from the |halt to the halt, the rear batteries take |ground to the right and left respectively, |and come up in line by a square movement. ----------------------+---------------------------------------------