iii. Gallop is 12 miles an hour, at which rate 352 yards are

passed over in 1 minute.

2. The canter, about 9 miles an hour, and the jog or slow trot, 6 miles an hour, should be constantly employed, both in teaching recruits to ride and in training young horses. Except in the case of artillery moving with infantry horses should always be made to walk up to the regulation pace of 4 miles per hour.

3. In marching, especially along a road, and when men are riding singly or in small groups not at drill a much slower trot should be used than the regulation drill or manœuvre trot of 8 miles per hour.

=28.= _Terms used in equitation._

1. “_Right rein_” and “_Left rein_.”--A horse is said to be on the “_right rein_” when he is going round the school to the right, or on a circle to the right. The term “_left rein_” is used when he is proceeding to the left in a similar manner.

To avoid confusing the pupils the instructor as far as possible should use the terms “Right” or “Left” instead of “Outward” or “Inward” when giving explanations.

2. “_The true canter_” is a pace of three time. The legs of the horse should move in such a manner that whichever fore leg leads, the hind leg on the same side also leads. (_See_ Sec. =43= (8)).

3. “_The true gallop_” is a pace of four time, in which the feet follow one another in succession, with an interval of suspension between the coming down of the leading fore foot and that of the opposite hind foot. As when cantering whichever fore leg leads, the hind leg on the same side must also lead.

4. “_Cantering disunited_” or “_galloping disunited._”--When a horse is cantering or galloping in such a way that the leading hind leg is on the opposite side to the leading fore leg, _e.g._, when he leads with the off fore and near hind leg, he is said to be “_disunited_.” It is a common fault with bad riders in changing the bend of their horses to allow them to change their fore legs but not their hind legs. This results in the horse going “_disunited_,” a faulty action which should not be allowed.

5. “_Cantering false_” or “_galloping false._”--A horse is said to be cantering false or galloping false, when at either of these paces, he goes on a circle to the left with the off fore and off hind leading, or to the right with the near fore and near hind leading.

6. _Balance._--A riding horse on the move is said to be balanced when he carries his head and neck in the right position for balancing his weight and that of his rider.

7. _Collected._--A horse is said to be collected when he is made to bring his limbs properly under him so that he has the maximum control over them. The collected paces are the school, or regulation, walk or trot, and the canter. The extended paces are the walk out, the trot out, and the gallop.

FITTING SADDLERY.

(_See also_ Animal Management.)

=29.= _How to fit a saddle._

1. There are four axioms in saddle-fitting:--

i. The withers must not be pinched or pressed upon. ii. The spine must have no pressure on it.