ii. To accustom commanders to acquire the habit of appreciating

a situation quickly and correctly, of arriving at an immediate decision, of translating that decision into suitable orders and of ensuring their intelligent and rapid execution.

2. The schemes on which the tactical practice is based should deal with problems such as would be likely to confront a commander in war. These schemes for batteries and brigades of divisional artillery will be drawn up by the divisional artillery commander in consultation with the general staff officer of the division. Schemes for larger formations will be prepared by the general staff officer of the division under the direction of the divisional commander.

In the case of horse artillery the camp commandant will draw up the schemes for tactical practice in consultation with the inspector of cavalry. In the case of heavy artillery and unallotted brigades of field artillery the tactical schemes will be prepared by the camp commandant.

The divisional commander will, whenever possible, be present at the tactical practice of his divisional artillery and act as director of the operations, assisted by the commandant, who is the divisional artillery commander in the case of batteries and brigades of divisional artillery. The commandant will act as director in the absence of the divisional commander.

The director or assistant director will give out the schemes and, if he himself is acting as the commander of the force engaged, will explain the tactical situation and will issue such orders as he would in war. Should the divisional commander so desire, a senior officer of another arm may be placed in command, in which case he will describe the situation and issue his orders. Before doing so he should be made fully acquainted with the lessons which the director wishes to teach, and with any limitations imposed by range conditions.

3. It is the duty of practice camp commandants to record the state of efficiency of the various batteries and brigades, to bring to notice matters affecting the efficiency of the equipment and to report on the suitability for war of the technical methods employed.

4. Accurate observation of fire is of very great importance. Practice camp commandants should, therefore, make sure that officers and selected non-commissioned officers are given opportunities of watching as many series fired as possible.

5. Further instructions for the conduct of practice are contained in “Instructions for Practice, Horse, Field, and Heavy Artillery.”

=11.= _Divisional artillery training._

1. Divisional artillery training will generally take place between the annual practice and divisional training, and under the supervision of the divisional commander who will decide the duration and locality of the training.

2. During this period attention will first be devoted to perfecting the methods by which orders are issued to brigades, and communication maintained between them and the commander of the divisional artillery and to the reconnaissance and selection of artillery positions.

It will not always be necessary to take out the batteries in the earlier stages of the training as much of the work in connection with the above can be carried out by the headquarters of divisional artillery and of brigades and batteries working together under the divisional artillery commander.

3. Subsequently, schemes, in which the whole divisional artillery will take part, should be framed to illustrate definite points in connection with the tactical employment of artillery in various situations, the higher command of artillery in battle, the allotment of zones or tasks, the application of fire, and the replenishment of ammunition.

The other arms should usually be associated with the divisional artillery in working out these schemes. Infantry may be utilised for the purpose of showing in skeleton the positions and movements of that arm in a scheme designed principally for the training of the divisional artillery. When units are not available officers of other arms should be attached for the purpose of stating the action that would be taken by their arms.

Occasionally the artillery of a division may carry out exercises independently of the other arms, but in such cases the effect which the presence of other troops would have on the operations must never be ignored.

=12.= _Training of Special Reserve and Territorial Artillery and of the artillery of the Overseas Dominions._

1. The annual training should be earned out on the same principles as have been indicated above for the Regular Forces. It is not possible for citizen forces, in the limited time at their disposal, to carry out the whole course. The perfecting of the battery as the fire unit should be the principal object kept in view. Beyond this officers, senior non-commissioned officers and battery headquarters should be instructed, both with respect to their battery duties and also as part of a brigade, for which purposes the presence of the batteries themselves is not essential.

2. The training of the Special Reserve should be devoted to fitting individuals to take a place in the battery suited to their special qualifications. Thus any men who show aptitude as layers, signallers, &c., should be encouraged to perfect themselves so far as the time available for their training will allow.