Horticulture
Why this Treatise does not contain all Knowledge.--Attention of Scientific Men attracted to Drainage.--Lieutenant Maury's Suggestions.--Ralph Waldo Emerson's Views.--Opinions of J. H. Klippart, Esq.; of Professor Mapes; B. P. Johnson, Esq.; Governor Wright, Mr. Custis, &c.--Pr...
What are Drain-Tiles?--Forms of Tiles.--Pipes.--Horse-shoe Tiles.--Sole-Tiles--Form of Water-Passage.--Collars and their Use.--Size of Pipes.--Velocity.--Friction.--Discharge of...
27. CHAPTER III.Fertilizing Substances in Rain Water.--Amount of Rain Fall in United States--in England.--Tables of Rain Fall.--Number of Rainy Days, and Quantity of Rain each Month.--Snow, how...
31. CHAPTER VII.DIRECTION OF DRAINS.--Whence comes the Water?--Inclination of Strata.--Drains across the Slope let Water out as well as Receive it.--Defence against Water from Higher Land.--Ope...
32. CHAPTER VIII.Necessity of System.--What Fall is Necessary.--American Examples.--Outlets.--Wells and Relief-Pipes.--Peep holes.--How to secure Outlets.--Gate to Exclude Back-Water.--Gratings...
26. CHAPTER II.Draining as Old as the Deluge.--Roman Authors.--Walter Bligh in 1650.--No thorough drainage till Smith of Deanston.--No mention of tiles in the "Compleat Body of Husbandry," 175...
48. CHAPTER XXIV.Statement of B. F. Nourse, of Maine.--Statement of Shedd and Edson, of Mass.--Statement of H. F. French, of New Hampshire.--Letter of Wm. Boyle, Albert Model Farm, Glasnevin, Ir...
28. CHAPTER IV.What is High Land?--Accidents to Crops from Water.--Do Lands need Drainage in America?--Springs.--Theory of Moisture, with Illustrations.--Water of Pressure.--Legal Rights as to...
35. CHAPTER XI.Unreasonable Expectations about Draining Tools.--Levelling Instruments; Guessing not Accurate.--Level by a Square.--Spirit Level.--Span, or A Level.--Grading by Lines.--Boning-r...
37. CHAPTER XIII.Drainage deepens the Soil, and gives the roots a larger pasture.--Cobbett's Lucerne 30 feet deep.--Mechi's Parsnips 13 feet long!--Drainage promotes Pulverization.--Prevents Sur...
29. CHAPTER V.Open Ditches.--Slope of Banks.--Brush Drains.--Ridge and Furrow.--Plug-Draining.--Mole-Draining.--Mole-Plow.--Wedge and Shoulder Drains.--Larch Tubes.--Drains of Fence Rails, an...
45. CHAPTER XXI.England protects her Farmers.--Meadows ruined by Corporation dams.--Old Mills often Nuisances.--Factory Reservoirs.--Flowage extends above level of Dam.--Rye and Derwent Drainag...
34. CHAPTER X.Draining no more expensive than Fencing.--Engineering.--Guessing not accurate enough.--Slight Fall sufficient.--Instances.--Two Inches to One Thousand Feet.--Cost of Excavation...
39. CHAPTER XV.Drainage Warms the Soil in Spring.--Heat cannot go down in Wet Land.--Drainage causes greater Deposit of Dew in Summer.--Dew warms Plants in Night, Cools them in the Morning Sun...
43. CHAPTER XIX.Clay not impervious, or it could not be wet and dried.--Puddling, what is.--Water will stand over Drains on Puddled Soil.--Cracking of Clays by Drying.--Drained Clays improve by...
38. CHAPTER XIV.Process of Germination.--Two Classes of Pores in Soils, illustrated by Cuts.--Too much Water excludes Air, reduces Temperature.--How much Air the Soil Contains.--Drainage Improv...
25. CHAPTER I.Why this Treatise does not contain all Knowledge.--Attention of Scientific Men attracted to Drainage.--Lieutenant Maury's Suggestions.--Ralph Waldo Emerson's Views.--Opinions of...
42. CHAPTER XVIII.Tiles will fill up, unless well laid.--Obstruction by Sand or Silt.--Obstructions at the Outlet from Frogs, Moles, Action of Frost, and Cattle.--Obstruction by Roots.--Willow, A...
33. CHAPTER IX.Prices far too high; Albany Prices.--Length of Tiles.--Cost in Suffolk Co., England.--Waller's Machine.--Williams' Machine.--Cost of Tiles compared with Bricks.--Mr. Denton's Es...
46. CHAPTER XXII.Wet Cellars Unhealthful.--Importance of Cellars in New England.--A Glance at the Garret, by way of Contrast.--Necessity of Drains.--Sketch of an Inundated Cellar.--Tiles best fo...
40. CHAPTER XVI.Why does not Drainage make the Land too Dry?--Adhesive Attraction.--The Finest Soils exert most Attraction.--How much Water different Soils hold by Attraction.--Capillary Attrac...
44. CHAPTER XX.Drainage Hastens the Supply to the Streams, and thus Creates Freshets.--Effect of Drainage on Meadows below; on Water Privileges.--Conflict of Manufacturing and Agricultural Int...
47. CHAPTER XXIII.Vast Extent of Swamp Lands in the United States.--Their Soil.--Sources of their Moisture.--How to Drain them.--The Soil Subsides by Draining.--Catch-water Drains.--Springs.--Mr....
36. CHAPTER XII.In former chapters, we have spoken minutely of the arrangement, depth, distance, and width of drains; and in treating of tools for drainage, we have sufficiently described the u...
41. CHAPTER XVII.Most Land cannot be Over-drained.--Nature a Deep drainer.--Over-draining of Peaty Soils.--Lincolnshire Fens; Visit to them in 1857.--56 Bushels of Wheat to the Acre.--Wet Meadow...
13. CHAPTER XIII.Drainage deepens the Soil, and gives the roots a larger pasture.--Cobbett's Lucerne 30 feet deep.--Mechi's Parsnips 13 feet long!--Drainage promotes Pulverization.--Prevents Sur...
10. CHAPTER X.Draining no more expensive than Fencing.--Engineering.--Guessing not accurate enough.--Slight Fall sufficient.--Instances.--Two Inches to One-Thousand Feet.--Cost of Excavation...
7. CHAPTER VII.DIRECTION OF DRAINS.--Whence comes the Water?--Inclination of Strata.--Drains across the Slope let Water out as well as Receive it.--Defence against Water from Higher Land.--Ope...
2. CHAPTER II.Draining as old as the Deluge.--Roman Authors.--Walter Bligh in 1650.--No thorough drainage till Smith, of Deanston.--No mention of Tiles in the "Compleat Body of Husbandry," 17...
16. CHAPTER XVI.Why does not Drainage make the Land too Dry?--Adhesive Attraction.--The Finest Soils exert most Attraction.--How much Water different Soils hold by Attraction.--Capillary Attrac...
8. CHAPTER VIII.Necessity of System.--What Fall is Necessary.--American Examples.--Outlets.--Wells and Relief-Pipes.--Peep-holes.--How to secure Outlets.--Gate to Exclude Back-Water.--Gratings...
18. CHAPTER XVIII.Tiles will fill up, unless well laid.--Obstruction by Sand or Silt.--Obstructions at the Outlet from Frogs, Moles, Action of Frost, and Cattle.--Obstruction by Roots.--Willow, A...
11. CHAPTER XI.Unreasonable Expectations about Draining Tools.--Levelling Instruments.--Guessing not Accurate.--Level by a Square.--Spirit Level.--Span, or A Level.--Grading by Lines.--Boning-...
4. CHAPTER IV.What is High Land?--Accidents to Crops from Water.--Do Lands need Drainage in America?--Springs.--Theory of Moisture, with Illustrations.--Water of Pressure.--Legal Rights as to...
21. CHAPTER XXI.England protects her Farmers.--Meadows ruined by Corporation dams.--Old Mills often Nuisances.--Factory Reservoirs.--Flowage extends above level of Dam.--Rye and Derwent Drainag...
3. CHAPTER III.Fertilizing Substances in Rain Water.--Amount of Rain Fall in United States; in England.--Tables of Rain Fall.--Number of Rainy Days, and Quantity of Rain each Month.--Snow, how...
22. CHAPTER XXII.Wet Cellars Unhealthful.--Importance of Cellars in New England.--A Glance at the Garret, by way of Contrast.--Necessity of Drains.--Sketch of an Inundated Cellar.--Tiles best fo...
15. CHAPTER XV.Drainage Warms the Soil in Spring.--Heat cannot go down in Wet Land.--Drainage causes greater Deposit of Dew in Summer.--Dew warms Plants in Night, Cools them in the Morning Sun...
1. CHAPTER I.Why this Treatise does not contain all Knowledge.--Attention of Scientific Men attracted to Drainage.--Lieutenant Maury's Suggestions.--Ralph Waldo Emerson's Views.--Opinions of...
9. CHAPTER IX.Prices far too high; Albany prices.--Length of Tiles.--Cost in Suffolk Co., England.--Waller's Machine.--Williams' Machine.--Cost of Tiles compared with Bricks.--Mr. Denton's Es...
6. CHAPTER VI.What are Drain-Tiles?--Forms of Tiles.--Pipes.--Horse-shoe Tiles.--Sole-Tiles.--Form of Water-Passage.--Collars and their Use.--Size of Pipes.--Velocity.--Friction.--Discharge o...
19. CHAPTER XIX.Clay not impervious, or it could not be wet and dried.--Puddling, what is.--Water will stand over Drains on Puddled Soil.--Cracking of Clays by Drying.--Drained Clays improve by...
14. CHAPTER XIV.Process of Germination.--Two Classes of Pores in Soils, illustrated by cuts.--Too much Water excludes Air, reduces Temperature.--How much Air the Soil Contains.--Drainage Improv...
20. CHAPTER XX.Drainage Hastens the Supply to the Streams, and thus creates Freshets.--Effect of Drainage on Meadows below; on Water Privileges.--Conflict of Manufacturing and Agricultural Int...
5. CHAPTER V.Open Ditches.--Slope of Banks.--Brush Drains.--Ridge and Furrow.--Plug-Draining.--Mole-Draining.--Mole-Plow.--Wedge and Shoulder Drains.--Larch Tubes.--Drains of Fence Rails, an...
23. CHAPTER XXIII.Vast Extent of Swamp Lands in the United States.--Their Soil.--Sources of their Moisture.--How to Drain them.--The Soil Subsides by Draining.--Catch-water Drains.--Springs.--Mr....
24. CHAPTER XXIV.Statement of B. F. Nourse, of Maine.--Statement of Shedd and Edson, of Mass.--Statement of H. F. French, of New Hampshire.--Letter of Wm. Boyle, Albert Model Farm, Glasnevin, Ir...
17. CHAPTER XVII.Most Land cannot be Over-drained.--Nature a Deep drainer.--Over-draining of Peaty Soils.--Lincolnshire Fens. Visit to them in 1857.--56 Bushels of Wheat to the Acre.--Wet Meadow...
12. CHAPTER XII.