Part 5

Apelles was daily drawing some excellent pictures with wonderful art; Apélle ogni giórno dipingere eccellénte pittúra maraviglióso arte no day passed without a line. nessúno giórno passáre senza linéa.

Those who do not employ their time well in the beginning of their lives, impiegáre bene tempo [1] princípio vita will be perpetually lamenting their folly; they will be incessantly perpetuamente piangere pazzia ad ogni moménto condemning themselves, and saying, Ah! at what a price would not I condannársi díre Ah! prezzo purchase the time past! compráre tempo passato!

[1] In the beginning of their lives; _i. e._ _nella loro gioventù_.

Of the PARTICIPLE past.

_When one of these Pronouns che, il, lo, la, &c. meets before the compound tenses, the Pronoun ought to agree with the Participle in gender and number._

I received the books which my brother sent me; I read them all, ricévere libro fratéllo mandáre léggere tutto they are very good, and well written. éssere buóno bene scrítto.

The letter which my father wrote to me is very severe; I showed it to léttera padre scrivere éssere sevéro mostráre my mother, and she is very sorry for it. madre [1] dispiacére.

[1] She is very sorry for it; _glíene dispiáce moltíssimo_.

_When these Pronouns, mio, me, te, noi, voi, &c. are the case of the Verb, they must agree with the Participle in gender and in number._

My dear friends, I have always loved you like my children, I have often caro amíco avére sempre amáto come figlio avére spesso admonished you for your own good; I have several times exhorted you to ammoníre proprio bene spesse volte esortáre practise virtue; if you are not truly virtuous, it is not my fault. praticáre virtù se veraménte virtuóso éssere colpa.

I met your brother this morning, we embraced one another like good incontráre fratéllo mattína abbracciársi da buóno friends, and I rejoice that we are reconciled. amíco rallegrársi riconciliársi.

The books which I have seen you reading are not good. libro avére vedére léggere buóno.

These are all the copies which you have given me to write. ecco tutto cópia avére dare scrívere.

Your brothers have done quite the contrary of what I had advised fratéllo fare tutto contrário avére consigliáre them to do. fare.

On ADVERBS. [See GRAM. p. 209.]

_Adverbs are generally put after the Verb, and in compound tenses between the Verb and the Participle._

It is a lamentable thing to see youths with much wit, and a good doloroso cosa vedére gióvane di molto spirito buóno disposition to learn, take but little pains to answer the expectations disposizióne imparáre pigliáre poco pena [1] rispóndere aspettazióne of their parents. genitori.

[1] _Rispondere_ governs the dative case of the thing.

_Adverbs of Interrogation must always be put before the Verb._

Where did you come from? Why did you not stay for me? da dove veníre perchè aspettáre?

When will you have done laughing at your friends? quando cessáre burláre amíco?

Why did you say, I had promised you to go in the country? perchè dire promettere andáre campágna?

Where is your father? Is he in town? dove padre éssere città?

Where did you buy this fine horse? compráre bello cavállo?

I bought it at the last country fair. compráre último campágna fiéra.

Where are the ladies your sisters? éssere signóra sorélla?

I believe they are gone out to take an airing. crédere éssere uscíto pigliar aria.

Whither are you going so fast? You are in great haste. andáre così avére gran fretta.

I go to Mr. Clement’s house, for I heard my brother is there, and andáre dal signóre Cleménte[1] perchè sentíre fratéllo I have some business with him. avére qualche cosa da fare con lui.

You are mistaken, he is not there; for I met him just now, and he ingannársi éssere là incontráre un momento fa told me he was going to his sister’s house. dire andáre sorélla.

I was going to your house; but since I met you, we will go to my house, andáre ma giacchè incontráre andáre where we shall dine. dove pranzáre.

I beg you will excuse me, indeed I cannot; for I must go to pregáre scusáre in verità non potére bisógno andáre my lady Arabella’s, to pay a visit to her children. signóra Arabélla fare vísita figlio.

They are not at home, for I saw them going into the park. éssere casa perchè vedere andáre parco.

Let us go then and see if your brothers are at home. andáre dunque vedére se fratéllo casa.

They are not, I know they are gone a hunting. éssere sapére éssere andáto cáccia.

What is the matter with you, sir? You seem to be grieved. cosa ha signóre parére essere afflítto.

O no, sir, I am not, but I come from Mr. Vincent’s, who is very non sono afflítto veníre Vincenzo ill. ammaláto.

You surprise me, for as I was coming from my house, I met his brother, sorprendere perchè veníre casa incontráre fratéllo who did not mention it to me. parlare

Do you know from whence he was coming, when you met him? sapére di dove veníre quando incontráre?

I believe he was coming from his own house. crédere veníre casa.

Can you tell me where he is gone? potére dire dove éssere andáto?

I was assured that he is set out for his uncle’s country-house. éssere assicuráto éssere partito zio casa di campágna.

Which way did you pass, in your way to Italy? per dove passáre quando andáre Itália?

I passed by Rouen, Paris, Orleans and Lyons. passáre Roano Parígi Orleáno Lióne.

Which way did you come back to England? per dove tornáre Inghilterra?

I returned by Germany and Holland. ritornáre Germánia Olánda.

[1] _At_, or _to_, before _house_ or _home_, must be rendered by _da_, _dal_, or _in casa_. See _Gram._ p. 209.

On PREPOSITIONS. [See GRAM. p. 209.]

_These Prepositions di diétro, vicíno, intórno, dirimpétto, infíno, will have a Dative after them._

Sir, if I knew where you live, signóre [1]se sapére dove stare di casa I would take the liberty to go and pay you a visit. pigliáre libertà [2]veníre fare vísita.

Sir, you would give yourself too much trouble; however, if you do me dare troppo incómodo però se fare that favour, you shall be very welcome; I live near the Temple, favóre éssere il benvenúto stare vicíno Témpio opposite Chancery-lane. dirimpétto

I believe my best way to go to your house crédere che la miglior strada che possa fare per veníre da voi is to pass by London-bridge. You are in the right, sir, since sia di passáre Londra ponte avére ragióne giacchè you live behind the Tower. stare di diétro Torre.

A poor labourer that works from morning till night (when he is póvero lavoránte travaglíare mattína infíno sera quando éssere well paid for his labour) lives more content and satisfied, than those bene pagáto lavóro vívere conténto sodisfátto who have great riches. avére gran richézza.

He who shall be constant even to death, shall have the crown of glory. éssere costánte infíno morte avére coróna glória.

[1] See _Gram._ p. 202, on _se_ before a preterimperfect.

[2] Ibid. p. 203, when we use _veníre_ instead of _andare_.

On CONJUNCTIONS which require the SUBJUNCTIVE after them. [See GRAM. p. 204.]

_The following Conjunctions prima che, acciocchè, finchè, per paura che, sin che, benchè, purchè, a meno che, Iddío voglia che, require the Subjunctive after them._

You will speak Italian well, provided you take pains; I tell you so, parláre Italiáno bene purchè darsi pena dire that you may take courage, and learn well. acciochè pigliáre corággio imparáre bene.

I remember I told you several times that you will never write Italian ricordársi dire parécchie volte mai scrívere Italiáno correctly, unless you study the rules. correttaménte a meno che studiáre regola.

I will take so much pains, that I hope I shall write it well before darsi pena sperare scrívere prima next summer. próssimo state.

You will soon perceive the effects of it, provided you follow my présto accorgérsi effétto purchè seguíre directions, though you think the Italian tongue is very difficult. suggerimento benchè sembrare Italiáno lingua éssere diffícile.

Please God it may be as you say; for it would be a great piáccia Iddío éssere come dire perchè éssere grande satisfaction to me. soddisfazióne

I esteem a man very unhappy that has not the fear of God, though he stimáre uno molto infelíce avére timóre Iddío benchè should possess all the treasures in the world, even though he should possédere tutto tesóro mondo benchè have all the other fine qualities that can make a man perfect. avére altro bello qualità potére réndere úno perfetto.

I always praised you very much before you became so idle; and I told you sempre lodáre molto prima che diveníre pigro dire several times that you would lose the good opinion every one had of you, più volte pérdere buóno opinióne tutto avére unless you should be as diligent and careful as you were before. a meno che éssere diligénte premuróso éssere prima.

When I corrected you for your faults, it was not because I did not love quando corréggere colpa éssere perchè amáre you; on the contrary, it was to the end that you should employ your al contrário éssere acciocchè impiegáre time well, and that you should be more diligent than you are now. témpo éssere più diligénte adesso.

Though you began to learn Italian before me, I hope I shall speak it benchè principiáre imparáre Italiáno prima di me speráre parláre soon as well as you. presto bene quanto voi.

I do not believe so, unless you have learned all the rules of the crédere a meno che avére tutto régola grammar. grammática.

Though I did not learn them, yet I will take so much pains, that what benchè imparáre pure pigliáre tanto pena I told you will prove true. dire éssere vero.

It will be some time before you have read them. vi vorrà del tempo prima che léggere.

Would to God I had known you sooner, I should speak Italian well now: volésse Iddío conóscere parláre Italiáno bene ora and although I had learned when I was young, yet I knew but very little benchè imparáre éssere gióvine sapére pochíssimo of it, when I began with you. quando principiáre.

Perhaps it was not your master’s fault; for before I composed my forse éssere maéstro colpa prima che compórre grammar, I found but few that would learn grammatically. grammática trováre poco imparáre grammaticalménte.

It is true I had a very good master, and if I had believed him, I should vero avére buóno maéstro se avére crédere have learned by rules, but I found them too tedious; and would to avére imparáto per principj ma trováre troppo nojóso volésse Heaven I had followed his advice, for I have a great desire Cielo avére seguito consíglio perchè avére gran voglia to speak Italian. parláre Italiáno.

_Some Verbs signifying will, desire, leave, or fear, will have the Conjunction che after them, and the following Verb in the Subjunctive._

I will leave you to do that. lasciáre fare.

I wish you may be as honest as your father. desideráre éssere onésto padre.

I ordered dinner to be ready immediately. ordináre pranzo éssere pronto subito.

That must be done quickly. bisógna fare presto.

God permitted it should happen. Iddío perméttere succédere.

I am afraid you were mistaken. avére paura ingannársi.

_We express the two Anglicisms this day se’nnight, this day fortnight, by d’oggi a otto, d’oggi a quindici._

I believe I shall go into the country this day se’nnight, but I hope crédere andáre campágna d’oggi a otto speráre I shall come back this day fortnight. ritornáre d’oggi a quíndici.

I am sure that when once you are there, you will not return éssere sicúro quando una volta éssere tornáre so soon to town. così présto città.

I give you my word that this day fortnight I will come to see you. dare paróla d’oggi a quíndici veníre vedére.

When will your brother go to Germany? quando fratéllo andáre Germánia?

He expects to go this day se’nnight, if it is fine weather. contare andáre d’oggi a otto se fare bel tempo.

_The word people, when taken generally for the people of a whole country, is expressed in Italian by the word gente._

The French had the name of being the most civil people in the world. Francése avére riputazióne éssere civíle gente mondo.

I should not like to live among the Spaniards, for they are very jealous amáre vívere fra Spagnuólo perchè éssere gelóso people; but I should never be tired of living among the English, for I gente ma éssere mai stanco vívere fra Inglése perchè believe they are the most civil, the most courteous, and the most crédere éssere civíle cortése obliging people in the world. obbligánte gente mondo.

_When the word people signifies subjects, it is expressed in Italian by the word pópolo._

A good prince should prefer the happiness of his people to his own. buóno príncipe preferíre felicità pópolo Happy are the people who have a good prince to govern them. felíce pópolo avére buón governáre.

On the PARTICLE _si_, _it is_, _they_, _one_, &c. [See GRAM. p. 211.]

_The Particle si is always put before a Verb, and the Verb must be impersonal._

I was told that you speak Italian very well. dire parláre Italiáno benissimo.

They do me more honour than I deserve; I wish it were true. fare onóre meritáre volére vero.

They say you are going to be married. dire stare per maritársi.

They say so, indeed; but they are much mistaken. dire così in verità ma molto ingannársi.

I was assured that the lady’s father and your’s had concluded the assicuráre [1]signóra padre conchiúdere articles of marriage. articólo matrimónio.

If they say so, it is without any foundation. se dire così senza alcúno fondaménto.

I am very glad to see you, for I was told you were gone to France. rallegrársi vedére perchè dire Fráncia.

Pray who told you such a falsehood? No matter; and we were also told, di grazia dire tale falsità non impórta éssere detto you were to go to Italy. andáre Itália.

[1] The lady’s father and your’s, _vostro padre e quello della signora_.

_The Verb to use in English, signifies in Italian servírsi, assuefársi, accostumársi; when it signifies servírsi, it is commonly followed by a Noun, but otherwise it is followed by a Verb._

He who forgets those things which he desires to remember, must dimenticare cosa desideráre ricordársi dovére use helps to cultivate his memory, or use the greatest diligence and servírsi ajúto coltiváre memória o grande diligénza attention when he is reading, that he may retain profitable attenzióne quando léggere ritenére profittévole instructions; for when they have once slipt out of the memory, istruzióne perchè quando éssere una volta uscíto memória there is need of fresh reading to recall them. bisognáre nuóva lettúra richiamáre.

All men desire riches, but all do not use riches rightly; tutto uómo desideráre ricchézze ma tutto non ne usano bene when they are come to honours and wealth, they are still greedy quando avére acquistato onóre opulénza ancóra avído to heap up more. He who desires nothing, wants nothing: it is a accumuláre desideráre niente avér bisógno wise man’s part to restrain his desires. sávio uómo dovére moderáre desidério.

_The Impersonal Verb impórta, requires a Dative Case._

It much concerns young people to avoid bad company, as they would molto impórta gioventù schiváre cattívo compagnía come beware of the plague; it is more hurtful to the mind, than the most guardársi peste nuocévole spirito contagious disease to the body. contagióso malattía corpo.

It concerns me, and all men to look to ourselves; the world is full of impórta tutto badáre mondo piéno knaves and knavery. It is hard to be known, and he is hard to be found, furbo furbéria diffícile sapére trováre who is fit to be trusted. fidársi.

The greatest caution is to be used in the presence of children; grande cautéla adopráre presénza ragázzo masters must behave themselves very warily, lest scholars maéstro dovére comportársi prudentémente per timóre che scoláro learn evil of them; and it greatly concerns boys to imitate their imparáre del male molto impórta gióvane imitáre master’s virtues. maéstro virtù.

_When the word to speak, is joined with truth, it is expressed in Italian by dire._

You promised me several times you would be diligent, and that you would prométtere spesse volta éssere diligénte never keep bad company; I perceive that you do not speak always mai praticáre cattívo compagnia accorgérsi dire sempre the truth, for I met you to-day with a man whose company I forbade you. verità incontráre oggi con uómo compagnía proibíre A man who does not delight in speaking always the truth, is unworthy of uno amáre dire sempre verità indégno enjoying the society of honest people. godére società onésto gente.

_When in English a period begins by these words, I wish, I would, we express them thus in Italian, vorréi potér, with the following Verb in the Infinitive Mood._

I wish I could serve you, I would do it with all my heart. potére servire fare tutto cuóre.

I wish I could see your sister, I would give her something that vedére sorélla dare qualche cosa was sent to me for her. éssere mandáto

I wish I could speak Italian as well as you do, it would be a great parláre Italiáno éssere grande satisfaction to me. soddisfazióne

I wish I could do what you desire of me, I would not refuse it you. fare desideráre ricusáre.

I wish I could be reconciled with your brother, for he is an honest man. éssere riconciliáto fratéllo perchè galantuómo.

I wish I could go into the country with you, I would not return andáre campágna ritornáre soon to town, for I would visit all my friends who are there. presto città andar a visitáre tutto amíco

I wish I could follow your example, I would live better than I do. seguíre esémpio meglio.

_Ought and must are to be rendered in Italian by the Present of the Indicative of the Verb dovere, and are not Impersonal._

At church people ought to sit still, and not to talk. chiésa gente dovére stare quieto parláre.

At saying lessons, none ought to speak but he who is appointed by the ripétere lezióne dovére parláre destináto master, whose leave ought to be asked, before the scholars betake maéstro permésso dovére domandáre prima scoláre darsi themselves to play. giuóco.

The boy who is chastised on account of his slothfulness, has no cause ragázzo castigáto a cagióne infingardággine avére motivo to accuse his master of severity; he ought to blame himself, and accusáre maéstro severità dovére biasimársi resolve to shake off idleness for the future. risólvere scuotersi dalla sua pigrízia all’avveníre.

The soldier must fight valiantly, that has a mind enflamed with a soldáto dovére battérsi valorosaménte avére ánima accéso desire to conquer the enemy; his arm must procure him the honour which desidério víncere nemíco braccio dovére procuráre onóre his heart wishes for; but sometimes secret stratagems and subtle cuóre desideráre ma qualche volta segréto stratagémma astúto policy defeat the most valiant warriors. política sconfíggere valoróso guerriéro.

Children must be obedient to their parents; those that grieve them, figlio dovére obbedíre genitóre affliggere purchase to themselves a curse; they provoke God to deny them that attirarsi maledizióne Iddío ricusáre length of life which he has promised to the dutiful. lunghézza vita avére promésso obbediénte.

_To be like, when followed by a Noun, is to be rendered in Italian by rassomigliáre, and will have a Dative Case._

Children are not always like their parents; they are sometimes figliuólo rassomigliáre sempre genitori éssere qualche volta quite different from them. differénte

My brother is not like my father, who is of a mild disposition, and fratéllo rassomigliáre padre benigno índole rich in the endowments that adorn the mind, though poor in estate. ricco dote ornáre ánimo benchè póvero stato.

Every man loves those who like him, and hates those who are hurtful to ognúno amáre amáre odiáre nuocévole him: nature teaches us to love our friends, but religion teaches us natúra insegnáre amáre amíco ma religióne insegnáre to love our enemies. amáre nemíco.

_To be so kind, must be rendered in Italian by avére la bontà, and the following Verb is put in the Infinitive Mood, with the Preposition di._

I intreat you to be so kind as to tell me how you call that in Italian. supplicáre avére la bontà dire come chiamáre Italiáno.

If you will be so kind as to grant me that favour, there is nothing se ella volére avér la bontà accordáre favóre niénte but I will do to acknowledge it. fare per mostrartene la mia riconoscenza.