Part 4
It is not enough to say, I repent of my ill conduct, and of my bad life, non bastáre dire pentírsi cattívo condótta mala vita if you do not shew the effects of your repentance by a new and se mostráre effétto pentiménto nuóvo better life. migliór vita.
_The verb rallegrarsi governs the Genitive._
A good Christian ought never to rejoice at others’ misfortunes. buóno Cristiáno dovére mai rallegrársi altro disgrázia.
I rejoice at the good success you had in your business. rallegrársi buóno riuscíta avére affare.
Come and rejoice with me at the good news I received to-day. veníre meco buóno nuóva ricévere oggi.
How will you have me rejoice at a thing I do not know? come volére rallegrársi cosa non sapére?
Tell me first of all what news I must rejoice at. dire avanti ogni cosa nuóva dovére rallegrársi.
_The verb ricordársi governs the Genitive._
Do you remember the promise you made me yesterday? ricordársi proméssa fare jéri?
I do not remember it at all. Do you not remember the sum of money non ricordársi affatto somma danáro you said you would lend me? dire prestáre?
I assure you I had forgotten it, I remember it very well now. assicuráre avére scordáto ricordársi beníssimo adésso.
_The verb languíre requires a Genitive case._
He who languishes with thirst, gives greater thanks to the man who quello languíre di sete réndere grande grázia offers him water, than if a prince gave him a crown. offeríre acqua che se príncipe dare coróna.
The man who languishes for love ought to be pitied. uómo languíre amóre dovére compiánto.
_The verbs obbedíre and disobbedíre require a Dative._
We ought not only to obey our parents, but also our superiors, dovére non solo obbedíre genitori ma anche superióre if we would obey God’s commands. se volére obbedíre comandaménto.
One sees very seldom a child prosper in this world, who does not si vedére raraménte figliuólo prosperáre mondo obey his father and mother. obbedíre padre madre.
When God commanded Abraham to sacrifice Isaac, his only son, he quando Iddío comandáre Abramo sacrificáre Isácco único figlio immediately obeyed the Lord’s voice; but the angel of the Lord did not súbito obbedíre Signóre voce ma ángelo Signóre permit him to slay the child, and told him his obedience perméttere uccídere fanciullo dire obbediénza had been agreeable to God. éssere stato grato Dio.
_The verb parláre will have a Dative Case of the Person._
God speaks to sinners sometimes most gently, that he may draw them Iddío parláre peccatóre qualche volta benignamente affine di trárre to obedience; he speaks to them of the blessed life which he has obbediénza parláre beáta vita avére prepared for his servants; sometimes he speaks to them of the abyss preparáto servo qualche volta parláre abísso which shall be the reward of sin; yet his promises and threatenings éssere mercéde peccáto pure proméssa mináccia move not stubborn minds. muóvere ostináto mente.
_The verbs preténdere and aspiráre govern the Dative Case._
All those who call themselves Christians pretend to everlasting life; tutto quello chiamársi Cristiáno preténdere etérno vita but few are they that would suffer the least thing to deserve it; but ma pochi sono soffríre minimo cosa meritáre if it is a point to aspire to some employment, or dignity, se si tratta aspiráre qualche impiégo dignità there is none but would suffer a great deal of fatigue, labour, and non vi è nissúno che non sopporti molto fatíca lavóro pain to obtain it. pena
_The verb giuocáre (when one speaks of all sorts of games) governs the Dative Case._
I do not love to play at games of chances, as at cards, or at dice, but amáre giuocáre giuóco azzardo come carta dadi ma I love to play sometimes at bowls, at billiards, at tennis, or amáre giuocáre qualche volta bocce bigliárdo pallacórda o at nine-pins. birilli.
Do you never play at cards, at chess, or draughts? mai giuocáre carte scacchi dama?
I play sometimes at piquet to please the company. giuocáre picchétto far piacére compagnía.
Verbs governing an Accusative Case of the Person, and a Genitive of the Thing.
_The verbs accusáre, biasimáre, avvertíre, and assólvere, will have the Accusative of the Person, and the Genitive of the Thing._
One boy accuses another of idleness; the master hears their tales, ragázzo accusáre altro pigrízia maéstro sentíre stória but punishes him only whom he thinks guilty, and deserving of ma puníre solaménte quello crédere colpévole degno punishment. castígo.
Every one blames you for your negligence and ignorance. tutti biasimáre negligénza ignoránza.
I often admonished you of your duty; if you do not improve spesso avvertíre vostro dovére se profittáre as well as others, it is not my fault. come altro non è colpa.
When a judge acquits a man of a crime he is guilty of, if he quando giúdice assólvere uno delítto reo se commits again the same fault, he deserves a double punishment. comméttere di nuovo stesso fallo merita dóppio castígo.
_The verb condannáre governs the Accusative of the Person, and the Genitive of the Thing; but when it signifies to condemn to death, the name of the punishment ought to be put in the Dative Case._
Every one condemns you very much for the action you committed ogn’ uno condannáre molto azióne comméttere the other day. altro giórno.
During the persecution in France, many brave gentlemen were condemned, nel tempo della persecuzióne Fráncia molto bravo cavaliére condannáre some to the gallows, and some to the galleys, for the defence of their forca[1] galéra difésa religion. religióne.
[1] Nouns ending in _ca_ and _ga_, make _che_ and _ghe_ in the plural, as _forca_, _forche_; _pága_, _paghe_.
_The verb ottenére will have an Accusative of the Thing, and an Ablative of the Person._
A scholar who obtains his master’s favour is more happy than he who is scoláro ottenére maéstro favóre più felíce idle, who loses his honour, wastes his time, and continues pigro pérdere onóre consumáre tempo continuáre a blockhead, though play be pleasant to him for a little while. ad éssere sciocco benchè giuóco éssere piacévole poco.
Verbs governing an Accusative Case of the Dative.
_The verbs invitáre, esortáre, will have an Accusative of the Person, and a Dative of the Thing._
God invites sinners to eternal happiness, he calls them to repentance, Iddio invitáre peccatóre etérno felicità chiamáre pentiménto he speaks most graciously to them. parláre benignaménte
He has prepared for penitent sinners all that belongs to blessedness, preparáre peniténte peccatóre tutto appartenére felicità all that they can desire. tutto potére bramáre.
Remember your master’s words; he exhorts you to industry, which is ricordársi maéstro paróla esortáre indústria éssere beneficial to yourselves; your pains shall produce a great advantage; vantaggióso lavóro prodúrre grande vantággio he uses his best endeavours for your benefit; be not your own fare ogni suo sforzo utile éssere di voi stessi enemies. nemíco.
_Paragonáre requires an Accusative of the first Noun, (either of the Person or of the Thing) and the other in the Dative._
If we compare the longest life to eternity, it is very short. se paragonáre lungo vita eternità corto.
If we compare the happiest condition of this world to everlasting life, comparáre felíce condizióne mondo etérno vita it is miserable, and not worthy our desire. If we compare the number of miserábile indegno desidério paragonáre número good men to the multitude of wicked, it is small. buóno moltitúdine malvágio píccolo.
_Dare and restituíre will have an Accusative of the Thing, and a Dative of the Person._
I will soon give my mother the money she entrusted me with. presto dare madre danáro confidáre
God will give a reward to those men who please him, and to those whom Iddío dare mercéde quello piacére quello che he has set up governors of the world. avére costituíto governatóre mondo.
I returned my master the book which I borrowed; he lent it to me, restituíre maéstro libro prender ad impréstito prestáre and it was my duty to read it, and not to keep it; though books éssere dovére léggere tenére benchè[1] libro delight me very much, I ought to restore them to those whom piacére moltíssimo dovére restituíre quello cui they belong to. appartenére.
[1] _Benchè_ governs the subjunctive mood. See _Gram._ p. 209.
_These verbs dovére, prométtere, and pagáre, will have an Accusative of the Thing, and a Dative of the Person._
I owe him money, because I promised to pay him another man’s debt; dovére danáro perchè prométtere pagáre altro débito but at present I have myself need of money, that I may pay what ma adésso avére io stesso bisógno danáro pagáre I owe to my creditors. dovére creditóre.
When will you pay me what you owe me? quando volére pagáre dovére?
I promise you I will pay it to you next week. prométtere pagáre próssimo settimána.
_Insegnáre requires an Accusative of the Thing, and a Dative of the Person._
I have been twelve years in this country, during which time I have had [1]éssere stato dódici anno paése nel quale tempo avére avúto the honour of teaching several ladies and gentlemen the Italian language. onóre insegnáre molta signóra signóre Italiáno Masters ought to teach children not only the things which concern maéstro dovére insegnáre ragázzo non solaménte cosa risguardáre science; but they ought also to teach them things which concern their sciénza ma dovére anche insegnáre cosa risguardáre soul and their salvation: for science without religion is an ánima salvazióne perchè scienza unprofitable thing. inutile.
[1] I have been twelve years in this country; render, _Sono dódici anni che sto in questo paése_.
Of the construction of the Infinitive, with the preposition _di_.
_When after the verbs astenérsi, consideráre, and avvertíre, there follows an Infinitive, it ought to be put with the Preposition di._
Rash men often propose to do things which are above their capacity. temerário uómo spesso propórsi fare cosa éssere superióre capacità A man that abstains from eating and drinking to excess, from swearing, uómo astenérsi mangiáre bere all’eccésso bestemmiáre and keeping bad company, may be called an honest man. frequentáre compagnía potere chiamáre onésto uómo.
I thought of going this morning to see Mr. ---- but a friend pensáre andáre questa mattina vedére il Signór ---- ma amíco of mine advised me not to go there. consigliáre andáre.
I had a mind to advise you not to keep company with that man who brought avére voglia consigliáre andáre compagnía uómo causáre this trouble upon you; but I since resolved to say nothing about it, disturbo ma poi risolvérsi dire niente for fear of disobliging you. per timóre dispiacére.
_The verbs supplicáre, consigliáre, incaricársi, and costríngere, will have an Infinitive with the Preposition di._
I have a mind to compel Mr. ---- to pay me the money he owes me; avére vóglia costríngere il Signor ---- pagáre danáro dovére nevertheless I should be very glad not to put him to trouble, because nulladimeno avére a caro non dare briga perchè he has always been my friend: what do you advise me to do in this case? éssere sempre stato amíco consigliáre fare caso?
I beg of you to have a little patience; I take the charge pregáre avére paziénza incaricársi to get you your money. ricuperáre danáro.
_The verbs proibíre, desideráre, differíre, procuráre, impedíre, speráre, fíngere, affrettársi, require also an Infinitive with the Preposition di._
God forbids us to sin, nevertheless we never desist from offending him, Iddío proibíre peccáre nulladiméno mai desístere offéndere we always defer obeying his voice; we seem to strive to disobey him sempre differíre obbedíre voce parére procuráre disobbedíre in every thing. If we hope to share in the merits of our blessed ogni cosa speráre avére parte mérito beáto Saviour’s sufferings, let nothing hinder us from beginning this day Salvatóre patimenti niénte impedíre principiáre oggi to use all our endeavours to deserve it; let us make haste to begin fare tutto sforzo meritáre affrettársi principiáre the great work of our salvation; let us not feign to be converted, grande ópera salvazióne fíngere éssere convertíto but let us convert ourselves in good earnest, for nobody convertíre da davvéro nessúno can deceive God. potére ingannáre
_The verbs meditáre, parláre, perméttere, prométtere, propórre, presúmere, preténdere, protestáre, rifiutáre, risólvere, auguráre, will also have an Infinitive with the Preposition di, after them._
Never meditate to do any wrong to your neighbour. When you speak mai meditáre fare torto próssimo quando parláre of undertaking some great thing, permit me to tell you, that you ought intrapréndere grande cosa perméttere dire dovére to consult your friends before you begin it. amíco prima cominciáre.
Never promise to do any thing, unless you are sure to do it. mai prométtere fare cosa se non éssere sicúro fáre.
Never presume to have more understanding than those who have the care presúmere avére intendiménto che quello cura of your conduct. condótta.
Do not pretend ever to prosper in this world, if you have not the preténdere mai prosperáre mondo se avére fear of God. timóre Dio.
If you protest to God with an humble and sincere heart to amend your protestáre úmile sincéro cuóre emendáre life, he will receive you among his children. vita ricévere fra figliuólo.
Never refuse to do a good office to your friends, when it is in your rifiutáre réndere servízio amíco power. potére.
Do you desire to pass for an honest man? Endeavour to do all you can desideráre passáre galántuómo procuráre fare tutto potére to oblige every body. obbligáre chicchessia.
_When there follows after the Verb avére either of these substantives permissióne, desidério, vóglia, cura, costúme, bisógno, motivo, ragióne, torto, dritto, occasióne, the following Verb must be put in the Infinitive with the Preposition di._
I believe you have a mind to play; but I will not give you leave crédere avére vóglia giuocáre ma volére dare permissióne to go out till you have done your exercise. You are in the right, sir, uscíre [1]finchè avére fare esercízio [2] ragióne signóre to forbid me to go out, and I am in the wrong to desire it--I have no proibirmi d’andar fuori [3] torto desideráre cause to be angry with you, for it is not your custom to be idle. motivo éssere cóllera éssere costúme pigro.
[1] _Finchè_ governs the subjunctive mood.
[2] You are in the right, sir, _Ella ha ragióne_.
[3] I am in the wrong, sir, _ho torto_.
_When a Verb is followed by l’opportunità, l’occasione, il tempo, il mezzo, la volontà, il cuóre, il potére, l’autorità, that Verb ought to be put in the Infinitive with the Preposition di._
When I have an opportunity to see your father, I will tell him how much quando [1]avére occasione vedére padre dire quanto you deserve to be praised for your uncommon diligence. meritáre éssere lodáto straordinário diligénza.
Whilst we have it in our power to acquire knowledge, let us improve mentre [2]avére potére acquistáre cognizióne profittáre such precious opportunity. tale prezióso opportunità.
I wonder how men have the heart to hate one another. maravigliársi uómo avére cuóre odiársi gli uni gli altri.
God has given to kings power to command, and to judges authority Iddio dáre Re potére comandáre giúdice autorità to judge. giudicáre.
[1] _I have_, put it in the future, and say, _avrò_.
[2] _We have it_, is changed into _it is_ for the Italian idiom.
_When after the Verb substantive éssere there follows either of these nouns conténto, obbligáto, in pena, sul punto, in perícolo, the following Verb is to be put in the Infinitive with the Preposition di._
I am very glad to hear that you overcame your enemies, and I éssere conténto sentíre víncere nemíco should have been sorry to have heard the contrary. [1]rincréscere sentire contrário.
I return you many thanks for your friendship, for I was in danger of réndere molto grázia amicízia perchè éssere in perícolo losing my suit. pérdere lite.
I was anxious to know what had happened to you; and if you had not come, ansióso sapére succédere se éssere veníre I was on the point of going to see you. éssere sul punto venire vedére.
[1] I should have been sorry; _mi sarébbe rincresciúto_.
_The Verbs avvezzársi, impiegáre, incoraggíre, eccitáre, invitáre, esibírsi, dilettársi, tenérsi pronto, lavoráre, will have after them an Infinitive with the Preposition a, or ad before a vowel._
We ought to employ the days of our life in preparing ourselves for dovere impiegáre giórno vita preparársi the other world. altro mondo.
Masters who use mildness in teaching their scholars, encourage them more maéstro usáre dolcézza insegnáre scoláro incoraggíre to learn well than those who use too much severity. An honest man imparáre bene usáre troppo severità onésto uómo takes always pleasure in obliging his friends. dilettársi sempre favorire amíco.
The love of God invites us to love one another. amóre Dío invitáre amáre
Let us keep ourselves in readiness to appear before the living God. tenérsi pronto comparíre innánzi vivénte Dío.
Let us labour continually to obtain eternal life. lavoráre continuaménte ottenére etérna vita.
_When vi è, or v’è, precedes the Adverb niénte, the next Verb must be in the Infinitive with the Preposition da, or a._
There is nothing to fear in serving God. non vi è niénte temére [1]servíre Iddío.
There is nothing to say to what you have done. non v’è niénte dire avére fatto.
There is nothing to do in that at present. niénte fare adésso.
There is nothing so easy to learn as the Italian language. niénte così fácile imparáre Italiáno lingua.
[1] In serving God, _nel servíre Iddío_.
_When an Adverb of quantity follows v’è, it requires an Infinitive with the Preposition a, or da._
There is a great deal of satisfaction in teaching diligent boys, but v’è gran [1]soddisfazióne insegnáre diligénte ragázzo there is a great deal of trouble in instructing idle scholars. gran incomodo istruíre pigro scoláro.
There is a great deal to say against the conduct of wicked people; but v’è molto dire contro condótta malvágio gente there is nothing to say against the conduct of honest people. non v’è niénte dire contro condótta onésto gente.
[1] See _Gram._ p. 210, _a great deal of_.
On the ENGLISH PARTICIPLE in ING.
_When the English Participle in ing comes after a Verb of motion with the Preposition a before it, we use the corresponding substantive, instead of the Verb, though sometimes the latter._
He who goes a hunting or visiting his friends, when business requires quello che andáre caccia [1] visitáre amíco quando affáre richiédere his care and time, shows by his conduct that he prefers his diversion cura tempo mostráre condótta [2]preferíre divertiménto before his profit, the company of his friends before the advantage profítto compagnía amíco vantággio of his family. famíglia.
The boy who goes a playing with his school-fellows, when he ought ragázzo andáre giuocáre condiscepolo quando dovére to be diligently employed at the task his master gave him, evinces, éssere diligéntemente intórno a lavoro maéstro assegnare prováre by his neglect, that he prefers play to his master’s love, and his own negligénza preferíre giuóco maéstro affétto profit. profítto.
[1] Ibid. p. 201, on _verbs of motion_.
[2] _Preferisce il divertimento al profitto, la compagnia degli amici al, &c._
_The English Participle in ing, after from, must be put in Italian in the Infinitive with the Preposition di._
The providence of God keeps us from perishing; the power of God hinders provvidenza Dio impedíre períre poténza Dio impedíre us from doing those things which displease him; the grace of God fare cosa dispiacére grazia Dio prevents us from sinning; the goodness of God preserves us from impedíre peccáre bontà preserváre suffering afflictions. soffríre afflizióne.
_The English Participle in ing after a Verb importing to cease, to leave, or to go over, must be rendered in Italian by the Infinitive mood with the Preposition di._
He who leaves off doing praise-worthy actions, and plunges into quello che cessáre fare lodévole azióne immergérsi vice, was never truly good. vízio éssere mai veraménte buono.
A wise man never leaves off learning whilst he lives; for he who has sávio uómo mai tralasciáre imparáre finchè vivere perchè è dotato great wisdom, has still need of more knowledge. di grande sapere ancora bisógno maggiore conoscènza.
_When the Participle in ing follows the auxiliary Verb to be, this verb must be left out, and the Italian Verb that represents the Participle, must be put in the same tense, number, and person as the auxiliary is._
A diligent boy is always learning, not only while the master diligénte ragázzo sempre studiare non solaménte mentre maéstro is instructing, but also while other boys are playing. istruíre ma anche altro ragázzo giuocáre.