Part 2
A good wife is an inestimable treasure. buóno moglie inestimábile tesóro.
A diligent master instructs attentive scholars. diligénte maéstro instruíre atténto scolaro.
A good action deserves great praise. buóno azióne meritáre grande lóde.
A rash counsel is productive of fatal consequences. inconsideráto consíglio è l’origine fatále conseguénza.
My father and mother are very compassionate. padre[1] madre[1] éssere molto compassionévole.
Their brother and sister are industrious. fratéllo sorélla industrióso.
Your house and garden are excessively beautiful. casa giardíno eccessivamente bello.
My exercise and my lesson are difficult. tema lezióne diffícile.
Our man-servant and our maid-servant are good, and therefore they servitore serva buóno perciò shall be rewarded. saranno ricompénsati.
You, your master, and your mistress, have been civil[2] to me, and padróne padróna éssere stato civíle merit my greatest thanks. meritáre[3] gránde ringraziaménto.
[1] An adjective with several substantives, must agree in gender with that which is the most worthy, the masculine being accounted more worthy than the feminine.
[2] Render it thus; towards me, _verso di me_.
[3] See _Gram._ p. 56, on superlatives.
_On COMPARATIVES._ [See GRAM. p. 53.]
France is larger and more powerful than Italy. Fráncia grande poténte Itália.
Virgil wrote more than any other poet. Virgílio scrívere qualúnque altro poéta[1].
Horace was much more satirical than Juvenal. Orázio éssere satírico Giuvenale.
Your countrymen are much richer than mine. vostro compatriótto [2]ricco mio.
This water is much clearer than crystal. questo acqua chiáro cristállo.
Your sister’s hands are whiter than alabaster. sorélla [3]mano [4]biánco alabástro.
The English are more studious than their neighbours. Inglése studióso vicino.
Milton was much more learned than Dante. Milton éssere dotto Dante.
The Russians behaved more bravely than the Turks. Russo comportársi valorosaménte Turco.
Cicero was less happy than Diogenes. Ciceróne felíce Diógene.
Lewis the Fourteenth was much less admired than Henry the Fourth. Luígi décimo quarto ammiraré Enríco quarto.
London is far better paved than Paris. Londra lastricáre Parígi.
Venice is much less populous than Naples. Venézia popoláto Nápoli.
Lend me three thousand pounds for a month. prestáre tre[5] mila lira per mese.
I have inherited five hundred guineas a year. avére ereditáre cinque cento ghinea anno.
I have seven brothers and two sisters alive. sette fratéllo due sorélla vivo.
The tenth of next month I will pay you. diéci próssimo mese pagáre.
Judas was one of the twelve apostles. Giúda éssere dódici apóstolo.
William the Third was a great conqueror. Gugliélmo[6] terzo éssere grande conquistatóre.
Henry the Fourth of France was a matchless warrior. Enríco quarto di Francia incomparábile guerriêro.
Pope Sixtus the Fifth was a great man. Papa Sisto quinto grande uómo.
Your master has a fine country-house. padróne avere[7] bello villa.
Your brother has six fine dapple-bay horses. fratello sei bello bajo pomelláto cavállo.
Your uncle and aunt are my dear friends. zio zia éssere caro amíco.
Our general was ever reputed a gallant man. generále sempre riputáre valoróso uómo.
Solomon was a wise king. Salomóne sávio re.
King George is a religious monarch. Giórgio religióso monárca.
Nero was a wicked man. Neróne cattívo uómo.
Crœsus was reckoned a rich prince. Creso stimáre ricco príncipe.
The duke of Richmond has six fine grey horses. duca Richmond sei bello[8] leárdo cavállo.
Spain is a hot country, but Germany is a very cold one. Spagna caldo paése ma Germánia freddo paése.
Give me some cold water, and red wine. dare freddo acqua rosso vino.
I like cold weather better than hot. amáre freddo tempo caldo.
The English ladies are handsomer than the Italian. Inglése signóra bella Italiána.
I always thought he was a troublesome man. sempre crédere [9]incómodo uómo.
This poor man has crooked legs. questo póvero uómo avére storto gamba.
Will you have a round hat or a cocked one? avére rotóndo cappéllo od a tre pizzi?
There is a sickly man, methinks. ammalatíccio uómo mi pare.
You are a thoughtful philosopher. pensieróso filósofo.
The industrious are praised, but the slothful are despised. [10]industrióso lodáre ma pigro sprezzáre.
The righteous find peace, but the wicked feel torment. giústo trováre pace scelleráto sentíre torménto.
The covetous despise the poor, but the generous cherish them. aváro sprezzare póvero ma generóso volére bene.
The merciful shall find mercy, but the cruel shall be punished. misericordióso trovare pietà crudéle castigáre.
The wise man seeks wisdom, but the fool despises understanding. sávio cercáre sapiénza stolto sprezzáre intendiménto.
Give me some bread, some wine, some butter, some cheese, dare [11]del pane vino butírro cácio some boiled beef, some mutton, some veal, some pork, some pie, manzo alésso castráto vitéllo porco pastíccio some fish, some mustard, some salt. pesce mostárda sale.
Go and fetch me a bit of the white bread. andáre a cercáre pezzo biánco pane.
Send to market to buy me ten pounds of fresh butter.[12] mandáre mercáto compráre libbra fresco butírro.
Bring directly six pounds of black cherries. portáre súbito sei libbra nero cerása.
Seven hundred of fresh walnuts, and five pounds of hazle nuts. sette cento noce cinque nocciuóla.
Have you been at Paris? No, but I have been at Rouen: it is éssere stato[13] No ma Roáno a fine city. Did you see it? bello città vedére
Did you give your brother the book I lent you? dare[14] fratéllo libro prestáre
No, I gave it to my sister, and she will return it to you when she has dare sorélla restituíre read it. léggere.
Did you tell your father I was in the country? dire padre éssere campágna?
No, sir, but I told my mother, it is all one. dire madre è l’istéssa cosa.
God demands the pureness of our hearts. Iddío richiedere purità[15] cuóre.
We ought to die for the service of our princes. dovére moríre servízio príncipe.
[1] See _Gram._ p. 45, on words ending in _a_ of the masc.
[2] Words ending in _cco_, take an _h_ in the plural, p. 49.
[3] _Mano_ is of the fem. gender.
[4] Such words as end in _co_, and _go_, take also an _h_ in the plural. See _Gram._ p. 49.
[5] Nouns of number ought to be put before the substantive.
[6] Nouns of order must be after the substantive, when we speak of ecclesiastical, or secular princes.
[7] Adjectives of quality must be put before substantives.
[8] Nouns of colours, elementary qualities, and of nations, must be put after the substantive.
[9] The adjectives of condition, figure, and quantity, must be put after substantives.
[10] Adjectives that have no substantives must be of the masculine gender, because _man_ is always understood.
[11] When you ask for something without specifying the quantity of it, use the article partitive, _del_, _della_, &c. See _Gram._ p. 210.
[12] You must use the article indefinite _di_, when you specify the quantity of the thing.
[13] We put the indefinite article _a_ before the names of cities.
[14] Before the names of men and women, we use _al_, _alla_, _allo_, _a_, &c.
[15] We use _de’_ before pronouns that are joined with substantives. See _Veneroni’s Grammar_, p. 201.
CONSTRUCTION of ADJECTIVES.
_The Adjectives expressing desire, knowledge, remembrance, ignorance, forgetting, care, fear, guilt, or any passion of the mind, require the following Noun to be in the Genitive case._
Those who are desirous of honour, are studious of learning and of quello éssere bramóso onóre studióso sciénza good manners. buóno costúme.
He who is not mindful of his own business, cannot be mindful of badáre própio affáre non può badare other people’s. altro.
Thou and I are guilty of the same error. colpévole stesso errore.
I am ignorant of the fact you mention. ignoráre fatto mentionáre.
_Adjectives expressing plenty, or want, as poor, destitute, empty, full, void, require the Genitive case after them._
He whose purse is empty of money, has a house empty of friends. borsa vuóto danáro avére casa vuóto amíco.
The court which is full of flatterers, is pernicious to a prince, though corte éssere piéno adulatóre pernizióso príncipe he be rich in substance and loaded with honours. ricco sostánza colmáre onóre.
A journey of twenty miles wearies a horse that is very hungry; for viággio venti míglia stancáre cavállo fame perchè while he is wanting food, he goes slowly. mentre bramare di mangiare andáre lentamente.
Laziness has need of spurs. pigrízia bisógno speróne.
_The Adjectives worthy, unworthy, adorned, encompassed, content, must have a Genitive after them._
Those are unworthy of the glory of Heaven, who do not think virtue éssere indégno glória Ciélo che crédere virtù worthy of love, nor are contented with the pleasure it gives. dégno amóre conténto piacére che dare.
A son endowed with excellent qualities rejoices his father, whose figliuólo dotáto eccellénte qualità rallegráre padre good example he imitates, whose commands he observes; he is never buóno esempio imitáre comándo osserváre mai in fear, for he provokes not his father’s anger; he is always mindful paura perchè provocáre padre cóllera sempre attento of his own duty, and is like a staff to his father’s old age. al dovére è come bastóne padre vecchiája.
He who is endowed with fine qualities, and does not behave himself well, quello dotáto bello qualità comportársi bene is unworthy of men’s society.[1] éssere indégno uómo società.
Those who are contented with their own condition, are worthy of the name éssere conténto condizióne degno nome of good Christians; but such are very rare. buóno Cristiáno ma raro.
If the city of Naples were encompassed with walls, it would be se città Nápoli circondáre muro éssere[2] stronger than it is. forte
England is adorned with the fairest ladies in the world. Inghiltérra ornáre [3]belle signóra di questo mondo.
Our country is surrounded with the strongest bulwarks. paése chiúdere [3]forte baluárdo.
Few people are satisfied with the lot that Providence has granted them. poco gente soddisfáre sorte Providénza concédere.
[1] See _Gram._ p. 44, on words ending in _tà_.
[2] See _Veneroni’s Grammar_, p. 53, on comparatives.
[3] Ibid. p. 56, on superlatives.
Adjectives governing a Dative Case.
_Adjectives expressing submission, relation, pleasure, due, resistance, difficulty, likeness, have the following Noun in the Dative case._
Virtue is pleasant to the righteous, and profitable to those who [1]virtù piacévole giústo profittévole quello love it. che amáre.
Adoration is due to God, the King of all the world. L’adorazione dovúto Dio [2]Re tutto mondo.
Honour is due to kings, because God has commanded us to be onóre dovúto Re perchè avére comandáre éssere obedient to them. obbediénte
It is a lamentable thing to see some men of great abilities prone to lamentévole cosa uómo gràn talénto dédito wickedness. vízio.
A man who suffers himself to be led by the corrupted pleasures of uómo lasciársi allettáre corrótto piacére this world, is not like a Christian. quésto mondo símile Cristiáno.
Children are not always like their parents, they are sometimes quite figliuólo sempre símile genitóre talvólta affátto different from them. differénte
My father is like my uncle as to his features, and the colour of his padre somigliáre zio in quanto fattézza colóre hair, but he is not like him in his manners. [3]capéllo ma éssere costúme.
[1] Words in _ù_ are indeclinable. See _Gram._ p. 50.
[2] _Re_ is indeclinable.
[3] _Of his hair_, dei capelli _in plur. and without the possessive pronoun_.
_On Superlative Degrees._ [See GRAM. p. 56.]
The most noble of all virtues is charity. la più nóbile tutto virtù carità.
The most ingenious people are not always the most learned. [1]più ingegnóso persone éssere sempre dotto.
The most pernicious of all crimes is slander, it ruins very often pernizióso delítto calúnnia rovinare [2]spesso the reputation of the most honest people; it puts discord between riputazióne onésto gente méttere discórdia fra the most intimate friends; in short, it is the most abominable intrínseco amíco in somma abbominévole crime in the world. delítto mondo.
The best quality a man can have, is to be civil and obliging. [3]buóno qualità uómo potére avére civíle cortése.
The best friend we can have is money. amíco danáro.
The best soldiers in the world are sometimes conquered. soldáto talvólta vincere.
Buy me the best grapes you see in town. compráre uva vedére città.
The greatest men in the kingdom confess it. gránde uómo regno confessáre.
The richest people are not the happiest. ricco gente felíce.
The most virtuous women have been guilty of coquetry. virtuóso donna éssere stato colpévole civettería.
We should pay a most particular attention to the moral conduct of our [4]fare particoláre attenzióne morale condotta children of both sexes. figliuólo ambidúe sesso.
[1] _The most_ is rendered by _il più_, _la più_, _i più_, &c. See _Gram._ p. 56.
[2] _Very often_ makes _spessissimo_.
[3] The superlative-comparative degree of _buono_ is _il migliore_. See _Veneroni’s Grammar_, p. 54 and 56.
[4] _Pay_ is often turned by _fare_.
OF PRONOUNS.
_The Personal Pronouns io, tu, egli, essa, noi, voi, eglino, being the Nominative Case, ought to be put before the Verb; but if there is an Interrogation, they must be put after._ [See GRAM. p. 67.]
I entreat you to grant me that favour. supplicáre voi accordáre quello favóre.
What do you desire of me, madam? brama madama?
What do you say? I do not understand you. dire capíre.
Don’t you speak Italian and French? parláre Italiáno Francése?
I understand them pretty well, but when you speak so very fast, capíre assái bene ma quando parláre così presto I cannot understand you. non posso capíre.
I ask you if you will do me a favour. domándare volére fare favóre.
With all my heart, if I can conveniently. tutto cuóre potére senz’inconveniente.
Have you an Italian Dictionary? avére Italiáno Dizionário?
Yes, I have Baretti’s Dictionary. Barétti Dizionário.
Will you lend it me for two or three weeks? prestáre[1] due tre settimána?
It is at your service, if you will send for it. vostro servízio mandárlo a prendere.
Did you see the castle St. Angelo at Rome? vedére castéllo Sant’ Angelo Roma?
Yes, it is very fine, very rich; in short, I think it is the finest bello ricco in somma crédere [2] castle in Europe. Európa.
Do you think the city of Paris is finer than London? crédere città Parígi bello Londra?
No, it is not so large, nor so well built as London. gránde bene fabbricata
I love you with all my heart, and if you will come to-morrow to see me, amáre tutto cuóre veníre dománi vedére I’ll give you what I promised you. dare prométtere.
I will not fail, but I am afraid to be too troublesome to you and to mancáre temére di dar troppo incómodo your family. vóstra famiglia.
Did Mr. N. give you the book you lent him? Signór dare libro prestáre?
Not yet; but I believe he will give it me soon. non ancóra ma crédere dare presto.
When you get it back, will you bring it me? [3]riavére portáre
I will do it willingly to oblige you. fare volentiéri obbligáre.
When will you go to see him at his country seat? quando andáre vedére sua villa?
I think I shall pay him a visit next month. crédere fare una visita próssimo mese.
Bring me your grammar to-morrow. portáre grammática dománi.
Here it is, sir, I brought it with me. Eccola quà portáre meco.
Shew me what you have written. That is not well, write it over again, mostráre quel che avére scrívere bene scrívere di nuóvo and when you have done, give it to your brother. [4]quando avére fare dare vostro fratéllo.
I think you are very idle. crédere éssere pigro.
Forgive me, I will be more diligent in future. perdonáre éssere più diligénte all’avveníre.
Reach me that pen-knife, and a clean pen. recáre quello temperíno pulíto penna.
Write an exercise, and then read it to me. scrívere tema e poi leggétemelo[5].
[1] See _Gram._ p. 203, on pronouns conjunctive.
[2] See _Gram._ p. 56, on superlatives.
[3] This supposes a future, which must be thus expressed: _Quando lo riávréte_, &c.
[4] Turn, _and when you shall have done it_.
[5] See _Gram._ p. 66.
On PRONOUNS DEMONSTRATIVE and POSSESSIVE.
_The Pronouns Demonstrative, questo, quello, or questi, and the Pronouns Possessive, mio, mia, tuo, tua, suo, sua, agree with the Substantive in gender, number, and case._
[See VENERONI’S GRAMMAR, p. 68, 70.]
This horse goes better than any of yours. questo cavállo andáre qualúnque vostro.
This man is more honest than you think.[1] uómo onésto crédere.
This woman is not so happy as she deserves. donna felíce meritáre.
This house stands in a most pleasant situation. casa stare améno situazióne.
Those gentlemen seem to be very cold. quello signóre parére avére freddo.
Those ladies are very modestly drest. signóra modestaménte vestíre.
My brother is gone into the country for a month. [2]mio fratéllo andáre campágna mese.
My mother is gone over to France for her health. madre Fráncia salute.
My countrymen are very great politicians. compatriótto grande político.
My sister loves public diversions to excess. sorélla amáre púbblico divertiménto éccesso.
My action is not so blameable as you say. azióne biasimiévole dire.
Your affection for me is false and deceitful. affétto falso ingannévole.
Her history has made a great noise in the world. stória avére fare grande romóre mondo.
Their clock is always out of order. orológio sempre in disórdine.
Our house is finer than yours. casa bello vostro.
Their affairs are more perplexed [3]than you imagine. affáre più imbarrazzáre immagináre.
[1] You must here add a negation, after a comparison, as in French, and turn it thus; _than you not think: Che non credéte_.
[2] Pronouns possessive take the article _il_, _la_, &c. in the nominative. See _Veneroni’s Grammar_, p. 68.
[3] Render it, as in the preceding page; _than you not imagine_.
_The Pronoun Relative che is of all genders, and of all numbers._ [See GRAM. p. 72.]
The woman who has a fair face, is loved by all. donna che avére bello viso amáre tutto.
The girl who brought me my pen-knife, is lovely. ragázza portáre temperíno amábile.
The man who bought my house is honest. uómo compráre mio casa onésto.
My brother’s hat begins to be worn. fratéllo cappéllo cominciáre usársi.
The man who struck my father is a butcher. uómo percuótere padre macellájo.
The rewards which are promised shall be given, if the work required, ricompénsa éssere prométtere dare lavóro richiésto be done the day after to-morrow. fare dopo dománi.
The horse which my father sold was very good. cavállo padre véndere éssere buóno.
The comedy which we acted was pleasant. commédia rappresentáre piacévole.
The wood we bargained for was too dry. legna patteggiáre éssere secco.
The wine which you drank yesterday was excellent. vino bere jeri eccellente.
The last lesson you gave me, was very difficult. ultimo lezióne dare molto diffícile.
The company you keep is not honest. compagnía praticáre onésto.
I have found the book which I had lost. avére trováre libro pérdere.
_Note that, he that, and she that, must be turned by quello che, and quella che._ [See GRAM. p. 72.]
He who does not fear God, does not deserve to live. temére Dio meritáre vívere.
He who came this morning, has a great regard for you. veníre mattína avére gran stima
He who gave you that counsel, is not your friend. dare consíglio amíco.
He who lives honestly, is esteemed by all people. vívere onestaménte stimáre tutti.
He who told you that, did not tell you the truth. dire verità.
He who sold you these boots, did not cheat you. véndere stivále ingannáre.
She who is the handsomest, is not always the most virtuous. bello sempre virtuóso.
He who speaks continually, must be very troublesome. parláre continuamente deve éssere seccante.
She who told me the news, is your great friend. dire nuóvo grande amíca.
She who is married to Mr. N. is the most lively. maritáre signór N. più viváce.
She who gave me your letter, speaks Italian very well. dare léttera parláre Italiáno beníssimo.
He whom you look for, is gone away this morning. cercáre partire mattína.
He whom you hate the most, is my intimate friend. odiáre intímo amico.
He whom you have recommended to me, is a great rogue. avére raccomandáre birbánte.