Part 10

Some time after a war [640]broke out with the [641]Achæans, who having [642]pulled down all the [643]walls of [644]Lacedæmon, and [645]taken away their [646]ancient [647]laws, had [648]obliged them to [649]unite with them; which the Lacedæmonians [650]complained of to the Romans, who [651]sent [652]against the Achæans Metellus the prætor, by whom they were [653]defeated in two [654]engagements at [655]Thermopylæ, and in [656]Phocis; and [657]presently after [658]entirely reduced by the consul [659]L. Nummius, and [660]Corinth, the [661]metropolis of their [662]nation, [663]burnt.

The same year Carthage was [664]taken and [665]destroyed. The [666]occasion of this war was a [667]difference [668]between Masanissa and the Carthaginians [669]about their [670]territories; which [671]controversy being [672]referred to the Romans, they obliged the Carthaginians to [673]give up the [674]country in [675]dispute, and [676]money, also, to Masanissa. But the Romans had [677]before-hand [678]resolved [679]utterly to [680]raze Carthage, [681]right or wrong, [682]chiefly at the [683]instigation of [684]Marcus Cato the censor, who, whenever he [685]gave his [686]opinion upon any [687]debate in the [688]senate, [689]used [690]finally to [691]add, Carthage [692]must be [693]destroyed. [694]Wherefore in the year of the city 605, Carthage was [695]besieged by the consuls [696]Manilius and [697]Censorinus. They soon after [698]surrendered to the Romans; but being [699]ordered to [700]demolish their city, and [701]fix themselves at ten [702]miles [703]distance from the [704]sea, they were so [705]inflamed with [706]fury and [707]despair, that they [708]held out even [709]beyond their [710]strength, [711]till in the fourth year, the [712]same in which [713]Corinth was destroyed, it was [714]taken by [715]P. Cornelius Scipio, the [716]proconsul, who was [717]Paulus Æmilius’s son, and had been [718]adopted by the son of Scipio Africanus. At the [719]beginning of the war Masanissa, king of the [720]Numidians, [721]died, in the 97th year of his [722]age, having [723]left behind him forty-four sons, and [724]continued [725]an ally of the Romans near 60 years.

FOOTNOTES

[1] _dopo_

[2] _guerra_

[3] _destarsi_

[4] _tra_

[5] _Cartaginése_

[6] _causáre_

[7] _ambizióne_

[8] _formidábile_

[9] _potére_

[10] _Gerone_

[11] _alleáto_

[12] _guerreggiáre_

[13] _Mamertíni_

[14] _usurpáto_

[15] _ricorrere_

[16] _ajúto_

[17] _trasportáre_

[18] _armáta_

[19] _Sicília_

[20] _attaccáre_

[21] _sorte_

[22] _lungo tempo_

[23] _incérto_

[24] _prosperando_

[25] _mare_

[26] _terra_

[27] _memorábile_

[28] _persóna_

[29] _Attílio Régolo_

[30] _abbattúto_

[31] _fortemente_

[32] _vittória_

[33] _riportáto_

[34] _rifiutáre_

[35] _accordáre_

[36] _pace_

[37] _dure condizioni_

[38] _vinto_

[39] _Santíppo_

[40] _Lacedémone_

[41] _generále_

[42] _fatto_

[43] _prigióne_

[44] _uómo_

[45] _uccíso_

[46] _indi_

[47] _mandáto_

[48] _Roma_

[49] _Cartaginési_

[50] _trattáre_

[51] _senáto_

[52] _cámbio_

[53] _prigioniéro_

[54] _interpórre_

[55] _impedíre_

[56] _tornáre_

[57] _Cartágine_

[58] _messo_

[59] _morte_

[60] _crudéle_

[61] _maniéra_

[62] _immaginábile_

[63] _molto_

[64] _autóre_

[65] _rapportáre_

[66] _primo_

[67] _riportáre_

[68] _vittória_

[69] _Duílio_

[70] _guerra_

[71] _Lutázio_

[72] _guadagnare_

[73] _altro_

[74] _último_

[75] _termináre_

[76] _vicíno_

[77] _ísola_

[78] _Egáte_

[79] _pace_

[80] _conclúso_

[81] _condizióne_

[82] _abbandonáre_

[83] _situáto_

[84] _pagáre_

[85] _annualménte_

[86] _talénto_

[87] _venti_

[88] _di séguito_

[89] _succédere_

[90] _Cristo_

[91] _témpio_

[92] _Giáno_

[93] _chiúso_

[94] _raraménte_

[95] _scopiáre_

[96] _presto_

[97] _apérto_

[98] _Líguri_

[99] _vinto_

[100] _guerreggiáre_

[101] _Illírici_

[102] _regína_

[103] _termináre_

[104] _tre anni_

[105] _avveníre_

[106] _incírca_

[107] _tempo_

[108] _terríbile_

[109] _incursióne_

[110] _Galli_

[111] _Insúbri_

[112] _Boj_

[113] _prima_

[114] _mandáre_

[115] _transalpíno_

[116] _attaccáre_

[117] _a cagióne_

[118] _terra_

[119] _tolto_

[120] _Sénoni_

[121] _distribuíre_

[122] _Flaminio_

[123] _tribuno_

[124] _pópolo_

[125] _legge Agrária_

[126] _fatto_

[127] _parécchie volte_

[128] _malmenato_

[129] _affátto_

[130] _soggiogato_

[131] _Virdumáro_

[132] _uccíso_

[133] _Marcéllo_

[134] _cónsole_

[135] _Rómolo_

[136] _consacráre_

[137] _Opíma spóglia_

[138] _Gióve Ferétrio_

[139] _mandáre_

[140] _imménsa quantità_

[141] _grano_

[142] _prezzo_

[143] _ricévere_

[144] _termináto_

[145] _seguíre_

[146] _secóndo_

[147] _fine_

[148] _precedénte_

[149] _alla verità_

[150] _duráre_

[151] _cotánto_

[152] _tanto_

[153] _più_

[154] _terríbile_

[155] _orréndo_

[156] _macéllo_

[157] _al dire di Floro_

[158] _paragonáre_

[159] _pérdita_

[160] _da ambe le parti_

[161] _nazione_

[162] _sortíre_

[163] _vittorióso_

[164] _parére_

[165] _più presto_

[166] _vinto_

[167] _stesso_

[168] _ambizióne_

[169] _impaziénza_

[170] _sotto_

[171] _servitù_

[172] _incéndio_

[173] _Anníbale_

[174] _Amílcare_

[175] _generále_

[176] _Cartaginési_

[177] _antecedénte_

[178] _guerra_

[179] _accettáto_

[180] _condizióne_

[181] _di mal animo_

[182] _affáre_

[183] _stabilíto_

[184] _mandáto_

[185] _Spagna_

[186] _condurre seco_

[187] _avére allóra nove anni_

[188] _primieraménte_

[189] _presentáto_

[190] _altáre_

[191] _fatto_

[192] _giuráre_

[193] _mai_

[194] _amíco_

[195] _uccíso_

[196] _messo_

[197] _posto_

[198] _mandár a cercáre_

[199] _succédere_

[200] _in età di venti sette anni_

[201] _súbito che_

[202] _fatto_

[203] _conquistáre_

[204] _fiúme Ibéro_

[205] _investíre_

[206] _città_

[207] _Sagúnto_

[208] _forza_

[209] _préndere_

[210] _assédio_

[211] _mese_

[212] _Saguntíni_

[213] _indárno_

[214] _aspettáto_

[215] _assisténza_

[216] _períre tutti_

[217] _parte_

[218] _nemíco_

[219] _spada_

[220] _parte_

[221] _mano_

[222] _principiáre_

[223] _duráre_

[224] _venúta_

[225] _cónsole_

[226] _sconfítto_

[227] _Cornélio_

[228] _Ticíno_

[229] _Semprónio_

[230] _ricévere_

[231] _rotta_

[232] _seguénte_

[233] _Trasiméne_

[234] _lago_

[235] _nell’ istésso témpo_

[236] _Fábio Mássimo_

[237] _dittatóre_

[238] _pópolo_

[239] _rimettere_

[240] _modo_

[241] _affáre_

[242] _fatále_

[243] _colpo_

[244] _cagionáto_

[245] _temerità_

[246] _cónsole_

[247] _Terénzio Varróne_

[248] _quaránta mila_

[249] _uccíso_

[250] _battáglia_

[251] _con tutto ciò_

[252] _corággio_

[253] _abbattuto_

[254] _rotta_

[255] _così che_

[256] _riscattáre_

[257] _preso_

[258] _prigioniéro_

[259] _cónsole_

[260] _Marcéllo_

[261] _assediáre_

[262] _Siracúsa_

[263] _dichiaráto_

[264] _maravigliosaménte_

[265] _diféso_

[266] _ingégno_

[267] _Archímede_

[268] _eccellénte_

[269] _astrónomo_

[270] _famóso_

[271] _invenzióne_

[272] _militáre_

[273] _mácchina_

[274] _preso_

[275] _alla fine_

[276] _molto_

[277] _difficoltà_

[278] _assédio_

[279] _dire_

[280] _fisso_

[281] _stúdio_

[282] _badáre_

[283] _confusióne_

[284] _strépito_

[285] _armáta_

[286] _avventársi_

[287] _città_

[288] _uccíso_

[289] _soldáto_

[290] _afflítto_

[291] _morte_

[292] _dato_

[293] _precíso_

[294] _órdine_

[295] _génte_

[296] _salváre_

[297] _vita_

[298] _nell’ istésso tempo_

[299] _Lavínio_

[300] _pretóre_

[301] _fermáre_

[302] _Filíppo_

[303] _Macedónia_

[304] _alleánza_

[305] _stava per_

[306] _veníre_

[307] _forzáre_

[308] _abbruciáre_

[309] _flotta_

[310] _ritirársi_

[311] _fratéllo_

[312] _Scipióne_

[313] _fin allóra_

[314] _impedíto_

[315] _passággio_

[316] _fare_

[317] _azioni valorose_

[318] _armáta_

[319] _distrútta_

[320] _elétto_

[321] _voto_

[322] _soldáto_

[323] _sostenére_

[324] _vacillánte_

[325] _causa_

[326] _condótta_

[327] _giórno_

[328] _notte_

[329] _campo_

[330] _nemíco_

[331] _preso_

[332] _assálto_

[333] _trenta sette mila_

[334] _uómo_

[335] _uccíso_

[336] _stesso_

[337] _Táranto_

[338] _eccettuáto_

[339] _cittadella_

[340] _assediáto_

[341] _marciáre_

[342] _trarre_

[343] _repentíno_

[344] _tempésta_

[345] _sollevársi_

[346] _lo costrínse d’allontanarsi_

[347] _muro_

[348] _vista_

[349] _reso_

[350] _grande_

[351] _avvelenársi_

[352] _senatóre_

[353] _decapitáto_

[354] _priváto_

[355] _libertà_

[356] _figlio_

[357] _ammazzáto_

[358] _Spagna_

[359] _nomináto_

[360] _pariménte_

[361] _morte_

[362] _padre_

[363] _zio_

[364] _mandáto_

[365] _non avéndo che 24 anni_

[366] _fatto_

[367] _cosa_

[368] _vinto_

[369] _Giscóne_

[370] _Magóne_

[371] _scacciáre_

[372] _veníre_

[373] _passáre_

[374] _fare_

[375] _alleánza_

[376] _Sifáce_

[377] _Masiliáni_

[378] _Masasuliáni_

[379] _succédere_

[380] _terzo_

[381] _morte_

[382] _Marcéllo_

[383] _fortunáto_

[384] _molto_

[385] _battáglia_

[386] _alla fine_

[387] _tiráto_

[388] _imboscata_

[389] _seguente_

[390] _tagliáto a pezzi_

[391] _armáta_

[392] _prima che_

[393] _unírsi_

[394] _fratéllo_

[395] _cónsole_

[396] _Claudio Neróne_

[397] _Lívio Salinatóre_

[398] _allóra_

[399] _oppósto_

[400] _Lívio_

[401] _accampáto_

[402] _Gállia Cisalpína_

[403] _contro_

[404] _marciáre_

[405] _attravérso_

[406] _segretaménte_

[407] _giórno_

[408] _veníre_

[409] _campo_

[410] _colléga_

[411] _parte_

[412] _armáta_

[413] _vinto_

[414] _nemíco_

[415] _tornáre_

[416] _accórgersi_

[417] _andáto_

[418] _dire_

[419] _nemíco_

[420] _uccíso_

[421] _battáglia_

[422] _preso_

[423] _prigioniéro_

[424] _testa_

[425] _gettáta_

[426] _la guárdia avanzáta_

[427] _risólvere_

[428] _portáre_

[429] _guerra_

[430] _trarre_

[431] _alla prima_

[432] _consideráto_

[433] _temerário_

[434] _diségno_

[435] _danáro_

[436] _gente_

[437] _govérno_

[438] _perciò_

[439] _leváre_

[440] _voluntário_

[441] _pigliar ad imprestito_

[442] _andáre_

[443] _Sicília_

[444] _di là_

[445] _quando_

[446] _simulácro_

[447] _madre Idéa_

[448] _portáto_

[449] _Pessínno_

[450] _Frígia_

[451] _secóndo_

[452] _consíglio_

[453] _orácolo_

[454] _impiegáto_

[455] _contro_

[456] _Cartaginési_

[457] _promésso_

[458] _Sofonísba_

[459] _dato_

[460] _Sifáce_

[461] _innamoráto_

[462] _gióvane_

[463] _devastáre_

[464] _paése_

[465] _assénza_

[466] _padre_

[467] _consórte_

[468] _distrárre_

[469] _alleánza_

[470] _tratto_

[471] _irritáto_

[472] _dedicarsi_

[473] _affátto_

[474] _interésse_

[475] _utile_

[476] _debelláre_

[477] _dopo_

[478] _sconfítta_

[479] _trovársi_

[480] _obbligáto_

[481] _richiamáre_

[482] _difesa_

[483] _vano_

[484] _trattativa_

[485] _pace_

[486] _vinto_

[487] _termináto_

[488] _guerra_

[489] _duráto_

[490] _Púnico_

[491] _seguíto_

[492] _Macédonico_

[493] _contro_

[494] _precedénte_

[495] _ingiúria_

[496] _come anche_

[497] _fastídio_

[498] _confederáto_

[499] _specialménte_

[500] _molestáre_

[501] _volgersi_

[502] _alla fine_

[503] _Tito Quínzio Flamínio_

[504] _termináre_

[505] _principiáre_

[506] _col vincere_

[507] _Cinoscefále_

[508] _Tesságlia_

[509] _seguíre_

[510] _Antíoco_

[511] _ricuperáto_

[512] _conquistato_

[513] _Toloméo Epífane_

[514] _principiáre_

[515] _formidábile_

[516] _contro_

[517] _infiammáre_

[518] _paúra_

[519] _nemíco_

[520] _fuggíto_

[521] _ambasciadóre_

[522] _Etoliáni_

[523] _contrário_

[524] _alleánza_

[525] _contribuíre_

[526] _poco_

[527] _perciò_

[528] _fatto una pace finta_

[529] _Toloméo_

[530] _dare_

[531] _matrimónio_

[532] _concédere_

[533] _Celo Síria_

[534] _Giudéa_

[535] _dote_

[536] _impréndere guerra_

[537] _duráre_

[538] _Cornélio Scipióne_

[539] _cónsole_

[540] _passáre_

[541] _l’Africáno_

[542] _luogotenénte_

[543] _ajúto_

[544] _sopra tutto_

[545] _consíglio_

[546] _vincere_

[547] _dire_

[548] _soldati d’infantería_

[549] _uccíso_

[550] _battáglia_

[551] _cavalleria_

[552] _concésso a_

[553] _con questo patto_

[554] _fra_

[555] _ritirarsi_

[556] _da tutto il paese_

[557] _di quà dal_

[558] _monte Tauro_

[559] _vinto_

[560] _debelláto_

[561] _soggiogáto_

[562] _cónsole Gneo Mánlio_

[563] _Olimpíade_

[564] _moríre_

[565] _famóso_

[566] _Filopeméno_

[567] _accusato_

[568] _d’aver ricevuto_

[569] _danáro_

[570] _accordáre_

[571] _ritirársi_

[572] _Litúrno_

[573] _moríre_

[574] _istórico_

[575] _d’accórdo_

[576] _cosa_

[577] _richiésto_

[578] _ambasciadóre_

[579] _acciò_

[580] _messo_

[581] _morte_

[582] _avvelenársi_

[583] _incírca_

[584] _stesso tempo_

[585] _Achei_

[586] _preso_

[587] _Messenj_

[588] _uccíso_

[589] _costrétto_

[590] _sommettersi_

[591] _rinunziato_

[592] _alleánza_

[593] _sbattuto_

[594] _piuttósto_

[595] _debelláto_

[596] _precedénte_

[597] _affaccendáto_

[598] _fare_

[599] _preparatívo_

[600] _altro_

[601] _cosa_

[602] _matúro_

[603] _abbastánza_

[604] _a questo effetto_

[605] _gli successe_

[606] _Perséo_

[607] _continuáre_

[608] _preparatívo_

[609] _contro_

[610] _termináto_

[611] _princípio_

[612] _rovína_

[613] _regno_

[614] _ancóra_

[615] _impiegáto_

[616] _Páolo Emílio_

[617] _battáglia_

[618] _nella quále_

[619] _uómo_

[620] _fatto_

[621] _prigioniéro_

[622] _méttere_

[623] _termine_

[624] _Macedonico_

[625] _império_

[626] _undécimo_

[627] _Génzio_

[628] _Illírj_

[629] _trascinato_

[630] _alleánza_

[631] _vinto_

[632] _Amício_

[633] _pretóre_

[634] _sconfitta_

[635] _ribellársi_

[636] _soggiogáto_

[637] _ridótto_

[638] _forma_

[639] _província_

[640] _accendersi_

[641] _Achei_

[642] _demolíto_

[643] _mura_

[644] _Lacedemónia_

[645] _leváre via_

[646] _antíco_

[647] _legge_

[648] _obbligáre_

[649] _unírsi_

[650] _lamentársi_

[651] _mandáre_

[652] _contro_

[653] _sconfítto_

[654] _battáglia_

[655] _Termópile_

[656] _Focíde_

[657] _poco dopo_

[658] _affátto_

[659] _L. Númmio_

[660] _Corínti_

[661] _metrópoli_

[662] _nazióne_

[663] _bruciáto_

[664] _preso_

[665] _distrútto_

[666] _cagióne_

[667] _disputa_

[668] _tra_

[669] _rispétto a_

[670] _território_

[671] _controvérsia_

[672] _referito_

[673] _abbandonáre_

[674] _paése_

[675] _dispúta_

[676] _danáro_

[677] _anticipataménte_

[678] _risólvere_

[679] _intieraménte_

[680] _spianáre_

[681] _a diritto o a torto_

[682] _sopra tutto_

[683] _istigazióne_

[684] _Marco Catóne censóre_

[685] _dare_

[686] _opinióne_

[687] _discussióne_

[688] _senáto_

[689] _solére_

[690] _per conclusione_

[691] _aggiúngere_

[692] _bisógna_

[693] _distrútto_

[694] _perciò_

[695] _assediáto_

[696] _Manílio_

[697] _Censoríno_

[698] _arréndersi_

[699] _comandáto_

[700] _demolíre_

[701] _stabilírsi_

[702] _miglia_

[703] _di distánza_

[704] _mare_

[705] _infiammáto_

[706] _collera_

[707] _disperazióne_

[708] _sostenérsi_

[709] _oltre_

[710] _forza_

[711] _infíno_

[712] _stesso_

[713] _Corínto_

[714] _preso_

[715] _P. Cornélio Scipióne_

[716] _procónsole_

[717] _Páolo Emílio_

[718] _adottáto_

[719] _princípio_

[720] _Numídi_

[721] _moríre_

[722] _età_

[723] _lasciáto_

[724] _continuáto_

[725] _nell’alleanza_

CHAP. VI.

(_Of the World, 3908--Of Rome, 608._)

[1]About the same time the [2]Lusitanians in [3]Spain [4]beat the Romans most [5]shamefully [6]under the [7]conduct of [8]Viriathus; who from a [9]huntsman [10]became a [11]highwayman; and from a highwayman, a general, and [12]defeated the Roman [13]armies [14]several times. But that [15]overthrow was most [16]memorable of all [17]others, in which, in the year 608, having [18]routed the [19]forces of [20]Vetilius the [21]prætor, [22]he took him prisoner, and [23]put him [24]to death, according to [25]Appian. Nor was he the [26]only one that was [27]conquered by Viriathus, but several others [28]underwent the same [29]fate. The first that was [30]successful [31]against him was [32]C. Lælius the prætor, in the year 609. After which the proconsul [33]Quintius Fabius Maximus [34]defeated him. In the year 614, [35]Q. Servilius Cæpio [36]basely [37]procured him to be [38]assassinated by some of his own [39]officers, whom he had [40]bribed [41]for that purpose, to the great [42]dishonour of the Roman [43]name.

After this a much more [44]dangerous war [45]broke out in Celtiberia. The Numantini having [46]received the [47]Segidenses their [48]allies, that had [49]escaped the [50]hands of the Romans, were [51]commanded by Metellus the proconsul, [52]to deliver up the [53]refugees, and [54]lay down their [55]arms, but they [56]refused both: and [57]though they were so much [58]inferior to the Romans, in [59]number and [60]strength, they [61]made a [62]gallant [63]resistance for some [64]years. The [65]army of [66]M. Popilius the proconsul, was [67]cut off by them, and the year [68]following, [69]thirty [70]thousand Romans, under the consul Mancinus, were [71]routed by four thousand of the Numantini; which [72]disgrace was [73]followed by a most [74]shameful [75]peace; but the senate [76]refused to [77]ratify it; [78]wherefore Mancinus was [79]delivered up into their hands, but the Numantini would not [80]receive him. [81]At last they were [82]vanquished in the [83]field by Scipio, who had [84]destroyed Carthage; and being [85]shut up within their own [86]walls, were [87]reduced to [88]so desperate a condition, that they all [89]laid violent hands upon themselves; and Numantia was [90]levelled with the ground, in the ninth year after their [91]revolt from the Romans, and from the [92]foundation of the city 621.

[93]Whilst the Romans were [94]still at war with the [95]Achæans and Carthaginians, Macedon was [96]conquered a third time. [97]Andriscus, a [98]man of [99]mean birth, who [100]pretended to be [101]Philip the son of [102]Perseus, had [103]possessed himself of it. He was conquered by [104]Q. Cæcilius Metellus, with the [105]slaughter of 25,000 [106]of his men. Metellus had [107]from thence [108]the surname of [109]Macedonicus.

At the time that the Romans were [110]engaged in the [111]Numantine war, there was a [112]rising of the [113]slaves in Sicily. A [114]Syrian, [115]by name Eunus, [116]pretending to a [117]divine [118]inspiration, [119]called the slaves to [120]arms and [121]liberty, [122]as it were by the [123]order of the [124]gods; and having [125]raised a [126]vast [127]army, [128]consisting of no less than 70,000 men, he [129]vanquished four Roman prætors, and was [130]at last [131]routed himself, by P. Rupilius the consul, in the year of the city 622.

Attalus, son of [132]Eumenes, king of [133]Phrygia, when his [134]uncle Attalus was [135]dead (who after Eumenes’ death had [136]managed the [137]kingdom as his [138]guardian), [139]reigned five years, and dying about the year of the city 621, made the Roman people his [140]heir: which [141]Aristonicus, a son of Eumenes by one of his [142]mistresses, [143]taking amiss, he [144]seized upon Asia, and [145]cut off the army of Crassus the prætor. Afterwards he was [146]vanquished by the consul Peperna, and an [147]end was put to the war the year [148]following, 625, by M. Aquilius the consul. This was a [149]melancholy year for the [150]death of Scipio Africanus, who was [151]found dead in his [152]bed, not without the [153]suspicion of having been [154]poisoned by his [155]wife.

The year in which Attalus [156]made the Roman people his [157]heir, there was a [158]formidable [159]sedition at Rome. For T. Gracchus, [160]tribune of the [161]people, having made the [162]Agrarian law, that [163]nobody should [164]possess above 500 [165]acres of [166]land, and [167]proposing to have the [168]money of king Attalus [169]divided amongst the people, and [170]likewise [171]suing for the [172]tribuneship against the year following, the senators being very much [173]disturbed at the [174]matter, he was, by the [175]order of P. Corn. Nasica, [176]slain in the [177]Capitol, [178]whither he had [179]fled for [180]refuge.

After the death of Tiberius, his [181]brother Caius [182]pursuing the same [183]design, was [184]taken off by Opimius, the consul, and [185]together with him, Fulvius Flaccus, who had been consul.

In the year of the city 629, the Romans first made war upon the [186]Gauls [187]beyond the Alps. They [188]began with the Salii, and [189]Allobroges, whom Fulvius Flaccus [190]subdued. In the year 633, Fabius the consul made an end of the war with the Allobroges. He [191]conquered Bituitus, king of the Arverni, in [192]battle. The king himself [193]coming to Rome to [194]satisfy the senate, was [195]confined at Alba. Then Gallia Narbonensis was made a [196]province, and a [197]colony [198]sent to Narbon in the year 636.

The Romans were after this [199]almost [200]perpetually at war with the Gauls, by whom they were [201]oftentimes [202]soundly beaten; but, above all others, the Cimbri and Teutones were [203]terrible to them. They [204]marching for Italy, and not [205]being able to [206]prevail with the senate for [207]room to [208]settle in, they [209]routed M. Silanus the consul; the year following Scaurus was [210]defeated by the Cimbri, and L. Cassius by the Helvetii Tigurini the year after that. But the [211]overthrow of Q. Cæpio was more [212]memorable than all the [213]rest. He had [214]plundered [215]Tholouse in the [216]country of the Tectosagæ, and had [217]carried off an hundred thousand [218]pounds of [219]gold, and fifteen hundred thousand pounds of [220]silver. This was done in the year of the city 648. But the following, he, with C. Manilius, [221]paid for this [222]sacrilege, with the [223]utter, [224]destruction of the Roman army. It is certain there were [225]slain in this [226]battle of the Romans and their [227]allies, [228]fourscore thousand, and of [229]servants that [230]followed the [231]camp [232]threescore thousand.

At length the Teutones and the [233]Ambrones were almost all [234]destroyed, two hundred thousand being slain, and seventy thousand [235]taken [236]prisoners, by C. Marius the consul, in the year 652; and the following year, the same Marius, [237]in conjunction with Catulus, defeated the Cimbri, that were [238]making their way through [239]Noricum, [240]slew an hundred and twenty thousand, and took sixty thousand prisoners.

With so many [241]victories did Marius [242]consummate the [243]glory he had [244]got in the war with Jugurtha. For in the year of the city 643, a war was [245]undertaken against Jugurtha, king of Numidia, because he had [246]deprived his [247]cousins Hiempsal and Adherbal, the sons of Micipsa, and [248]grandsons of Masanissa, of their [249]lives and [250]kingdom. He [251]prevailed against the Romans for some years, more by his gold than by his arms; but was at last [252]brought low by Metellus the consul, and [253]finally [254]entirely [255]subdued by Marius, and [256]delivered up by Bocchus, king of Mauritania, to whom he had [257]fled for refuge; after which he was [258]carried to Rome, to [259]grace the [260]triumph of Marius, and [261]put to death in [262]prison.

This [263]happy [264]progress of the [265]empire [266]abroad, was [267]interrupted by [268]frequent and [269]shameful [270]disorders at [271]home, which were [272]occasioned by the tribunes. Saturninus having [273]had the Agrarian law [274]passed, to [275]divide among the people the land which Marius had got, by [276]driving the Cimbri out of Gaul, [277]banished Metellus Numidicus, who [278]opposed him; but at last was [279]slain himself by Marius, then consul for the sixth time, in the year 654; and the following year Metellus was [280]recalled from [281]banishment.