Part 20

Walls, ancient process used in finishing, 153.

Wardour Street, the portraits of, 152.

Wax, the common vehicle of ancient painters, 144.

“Weird Sisters,” the, but outward personifications of evil thoughts, 285.

Welcker and Preller, cited, 59, 60.

Wilkins, William, opinion of, on the Elgin marbles, 99.

Wilson, Mr. Charles Heath, close examination of Michel Angelo’s frescoes by, 25.

“Wisdom of Solomon,” the, cited, 150.

Woman, superior to man in adjusting details, 259; unable to bear the remembrance of what she has gone through, 277.

World, the, needs revolutionizing, 227.

Xenocles of Cholargos, finishes the Temple of Initiation at Eleusis, 52.

Xenophon, classes Polyclitus with Homer, Sophocles, and Zeuxis, as an artist, 89.

Zacharias, figure of, by Michel Angelo, 27.

Zagreus and Semele, 161.

Zenobius, cited, 70.

Zeus, chryselephantine statue of, by Phidias, 63, 59–63, 65, 81, 86, 98, 209; inscription on, 109.

Zeus, the Temple of, at Olympia, 53.

FOOTNOTES

[1] Whether this inscription was placed there during the life of Phidias does not appear; but it is highly improbable, and not in harmony with the practice of the Greeks.

[2] Themistius, Orat. adeum qui postulaverat ut ex tempore sermonem haberet.

[3] τέκτονες, πλάσται, χαλκοτύποι, λιθουργοί, βαφεῖς, χρυσοῦ μαλακτῆρες καὶ ἐλέφαντος ζωγράφοι, ποικιλταῖ, τορευταῖ. This passage is generally cited as a statement by Plutarch that Phidias employed all these men; but in fact he is only urging, in justification of Pericles, and in answer to attacks made against him for expending such large sums of money in the public works, that these works gave employment to the enumerated classes of artists and mechanics.

[4] The date of the birth of Pericles is unknown, but he began to take part in public affairs in B. C. 469, when he could not probably have been less than twenty-one years of age. This would place his birth at 490. He died in 429; and this reckoning would make him only sixty-one at his death.

[5] A full transcript of these inscriptions will be found in Dr. Brunn’s _Geschichte der griechischen Künstler_, i. 249.

[6] See Lysias’s Frag., Περὶ τοῦ τύπου; also, Müller’s _Ancient Art_, 360, and King’s _Antique Gems_.

[7] “Non ex ebore tantum sciebat Phidias facere simulacrum, faciebat et ex ære. Si marmor illi, si adhuc viliorem materiam obtulisses, fecisset quale ex illa fieri optimum potuisset.”—Seneca, _Epist._ 86.

[8] _Du Moulage en Plâtre chez les Anciens_, par M. Charles C. Perkins, correspondant de l’Académie des Beaux Arts, etc. Paris, 1869.

[9] Pliny, _Nat. Hist._, lib. xxxv. ch. xii.

[10] So also Fronto in his _De differentiis Vocabulorum_, published by Cardinal Mai from palimpsests, says: “Vultus proprie hominis—os omnium—facies plurium.”

[11] According to Æschines, in his oration against Ctesiphon, Miltiades desired that his name should be inscribed on this portrait statue, which was placed in the Pœcile; but the Athenians refused their permission.

[12] See _Cicero ad Atticum_, xii. 41.

[13] iii. 12, § 13; viii. 14, § 5.

[14] _Geschichte der griechischen Künstler_, vol. i. p. 403.

[15] vii. 3, ii 8. See, also, Pliny, xxv. 49.

[16] See, also, an account of these “imagines” in Polybius, vi. 53.

[17] Et quoniam animorum imagines non sunt, negliguntur etiam corporum. Aliter apud majores, in atriis hæc erant quæ spectarentur, non signa externorum artificum, nec æra aut marmora. Expressi cera vultus singulis disponebantur armariis ut essent imagines quæ comitarentur gentilicia funera.—Book 35, ch. 2.

[18] Διαφέρην δὲ δοκεῖ καὶ πρὸς τὰ ἀπομάγματα πολὺ τῶν ἀλλῶν.

[19] Lib. ix. ch. 23; Lib. i. ch. 40; Lib. viii. ch. 22.

[20] Spartian., _Sev. Hadrian_, 22.

[21] _De Errore Profanarum Religionum._ Vid. _Lobeck aglaopham_, p. 571.

[22] As Lysistratus and his brother lived about the 114th Olympiad (324 B. C.), if these works found at Kertch were plaster _casts_, it is plain that Lysistratus did not invent casting, since these were before his time; and if Pliny means to say that he did, he is evidently quite wrong.

[23] Pliny says “exemplar.”

[24] Ἐτύγχανον μὲν ἄρτι χαλκουργῶν ὕπο Πιττούμενος στέρνον τε καὶ μετάφρενον· Θώραξ δέ μοι γελοῖος ἀμφὶ σώματι Πλασθεῖς παρῃώρητο μιμήλῃ τέχνῃ Σφραγῖδα χαλκοῦ πᾶσαν ἐκτυπούμενος.

[25] See _Divin. Inst._, lib. i. c. 6.

[26] Val. Soranus, cited by St. Augustine, _De Civit. Dei_, lib. vii. c. 9.

[27] See these passages and others cited in S. Justinus, _Cohortat. ad Græc. et de Monarchia_; Clement of Alexandria, _Stromat._, lib. v., _et Admonitio ad Gentes_; S. Cyrillus Alexandrinus, _Contra Julianum_, lib. i.; Athenagoras, _Legat. pro Christian._; Theodoretus, _Graec. Affectionum: Curat_, lib. 7.

[28] “I have no spur To prick the sides of my intent, but only Vaulting ambition.”

Transcriber’s Notes

Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in this book; otherwise they were not changed.

Simple typographical errors were corrected; occasional unbalanced quotation marks retained.

Ambiguous hyphens at the ends of lines were retained.

Index not checked for proper alphabetization or correct page references.