Part 7

Checklists of Reptiles and Amphibians

More than 50 species of reptiles, including 26 species of snakes and 16 species of turtles, have been found in Everglades National Park. The reptiles include, of course, the alligator, which is the symbol of the Everglades. Less conspicuous than the reptiles are the 18 species of amphibians that live here. Many are nocturnal. These lists represent species found within the park or nearby. Species considered exotic to Everglades National Park are marked with an asterisk (*).

Reptiles

American crocodile _Crocodylus acutus_ American alligator _Alligator mississippiensis_ Florida snapping turtle _Chelydra serpentina_ Striped mud turtle _Kinosternum bauri_ Stinkpot _Sternotherus odoratus_ Florida box turtle _Terrapene carolina_ Diamondback terrapin _Malaclemys terrapin_ Peninsula cooter _Chrysemys floridanis_ Florida redbelly turtle _Chrysemys nelsoni_ Florida chicken turtle _Deirochelys reticularia_ Gopher tortoise _Gopherus polyphemus_ Atlantic green turtle _Chelonia mydas_ Atlantic hawksbill _Eretmochelys imbricata_ Atlantic loggerhead _Caretta caretta_ Atlantic ridley _Lepidochelys kempi_ Florida softshell _Trionyx ferox_ Indopacific gecko _Hemidactylus garnoti_* Florida reef gecko _Shpaerodactylus notatus_ Green anole _Anolis carolinensis_ Brown anole _Anolis sagrai_* Knight anole _Anolis equestris_* Common iguana _Iguana iguana_* Ground skink _Scincella lateralis_ Eastern glass lizard _Ophisaurus ventralis_ Island glass lizard _Ophisaurus compressus_ Florida green water snake _Nerodia cyclopion_ Brown water snake _Nerodia taxispilota_ Florida water snake _Nerodia fasciata pictiventris_ Mangrove salt marsh snake _Nerodia fasciata compressicauda_ South Florida swamp snake _Seminatrix pygaea_ Florida brown snake _Stoeria dekayi_ Eastern garter snake _Thamnophis sirtalis_ Peninsula ribbon snake _Thamnophis sauritus_ Striped crayfish snake _Regina alleni_ Eastern hognose snake _Heterodon platyrhinos_ Southern ringneck snake _Diadopis punctatus_ Eastern mud snake _Farancia abacura_ Everglades racer _Coluber constrictor_ Eastern coachwhip _Masticophis flagellum_ Rough green snake _Opheodrys aestivus_ Eastern indigo _Drymarchon corais_ Corn snake _Elaphe guttata_ Everglades rat snake _Elaphe obsoleta_ Yellow rat snake _Elaphe obsoleta quadrivitatta_ Florida kingsnake _Lampropeltis getulus_ Scarlet kingsnake _Lampropeltis triangulum_ Florida scarlet snake _Cemophora coccinea_ Eastern coral snake _Micrurus fulvius_ Florida cottonmouth _Agkistrodon piscivorus_ Dusky pygmy rattlesnake _Sistrurus miliarius_ Eastern diamondback _Crotalus adamanteus_

Amphibians

Two-toed amphiuma _Amphiuma means_ Greater siren _Siren lacertina_ Everglades dwarf siren _Pseudobranchus striatus belli_ Peninsula newt _Notophthalmus viridescens_ Eastern spadefoot toad _Scaphiophus holbrooki_ Greenhouse frog _Eleuthrodactylus planirostris_* Southern toad _Bufo terrestris_ Oak toad _Bufo quercicus_ Florida cricket frog _Acris gryllus_ Green treefrog _Hyla cinerea_ Squirrel treefrog _Hyla squirella_ Cuban treefrog _Osteopilus septentrionalis_* Little grass frog _Limneaodus ocularis_ Florida chorus frog _Pseudacris nigrita_ Eastern narrow-mouth toad _Gastrophyne carolinesis_ Pig frog _Rana grylio_ Southern leopard frog _Rana spenocephala_

Checklist of Trees and Tree-like Plants

A tree is defined here as a woody plant at least 12 feet high with a single trunk 2 inches or more in diameter at breast height. A tree-like plant is one with the general shape and size of a tree, but one which is not woody or otherwise fails to meet the definition. The arrangement of families is generally the same as that of Small’s _Manual of Southeastern Flora_ (1933) and Long and Lakela’s _A Flora of Tropical Florida_ (1971). Genera and species are listed alphabetically in each family. Nomenclature follows Avery and Loope, _Plants of Everglades National Park: A Preliminary Checklist of Vascular Plants_ (1983). In the checklist, the introduced species are followed by a symbol, key below, that describes the plants’ success in the Everglades. Native plants list only their name.

We Well established. An exotic plant that has become widely naturalized, with a large population. Sl Slightly naturalized. An exotic plant that has a small foothold, often found near a mature tree that acts as a seed source. Pr Persistent. An exotic plant that goes on living for a long time after it is planted, and that may appear to be native or naturalized. Sm Small, rarely tree-sized. A plant that may sometimes become a tree, but that often does not meet the definition. Cu Cultivated only. Known only as a cultivated species, but which is retained on this list because either Small or Long and Lakela treat it as native or naturalized.

PINE FAMILY: _PINACEAE_ South Florida Slash Pine _Pinus elliottii_ var. _densa_

BALD CYPRESS FAMILY: _TAXODIACEAE_ Pond cypress _Taxodium ascendens_ Bald cypress _Taxodium distichum_

PALM FAMILY: _ARECACEAE_ Paurotis palm _Acoelorraphe wrightii_ Silver palm _Coccothrinax argentata_ Coconut _Cocos nucifera_ Sl Royal palm _Roystonea elata_ Cabbage palm _Sabal palmetto_ Saw palmetto _Serenoa repens_ Thatch palm _Thrinax radiata_

CENTURY PLANT FAMILY: _AGAVACEAE_ False sisal _Agave decipiens_ Sisal _Agave sisalana_ We Spanish dagger _Yucca aloifolia_

BANANA FAMILY: _MUSACEAE_ Banana _Musaceae musa_ × _paradisiaca_

BEEFWOOD FAMILY: _CASUARINACEAE_ Australian-pine _Casuarina equisetifolia_ We Suckering Australian-pine _Casuarina glauca_ Pr

WILLOW FAMILY: _SALIACACEAE_ Willow _Salix caroliniana_

BAYBERRY FAMILY: _MYRICACEAE_ Wax-myrtle _Myrica cerifera_

OAK FAMILY: _FAGACEAE_ Laurel oak _Quercus laurifolia_ Live oak _Quercus virginiana_

ELM FAMILY: _ULMACEAE_ Hackberry _Celtis laevigata_ West Indian trema _Trema lamarckianum_ Florida trema _Trema micranthum_

MULBERRY FAMILY: _MORACEAE_ Strangler fig _Ficus aurea_ Shortleaf fig _Ficus citrifolia_ Red mulberry _Morus rubra_

XIMENIA FAMILY: _OLACACEAE_ Graytwig _Schoepfia chrysophylloides_ Tallowwood _Ximenia americana_

BUCKWHEAT FAMILY: _POLYGONACEAE_ Pigeon plum _Coccoloba diversifolia_ Sea grape _Coccoloba uvifera_

FOUR-O-CLOCK FAMILY: _NYCTAGINACEAE_ Blolly _Guapira discolor_ Push-and-hold-back _Pisonia aculeata_

MAGNOLIA FAMILY: _MAGNOLIACEAE_ Sweet bay _Magnolia virginiana_

CUSTARD-APPLE FAMILY: _ANNONACEAE_ Pond apple _Annona glabra_

LAUREL FAMILY: _LAURACEAE_ Lancewood _Nectandra coriacea_ Red-bay _Persea borbonia_ Avocado _Persea americana_ var. _americana_

CAPER FAMILY: _CAPPARACEAE_ Jamaica caper _Capparis cynophallophora_ Limber caper _Capparis flexuosa_ Sm

ROSE FAMILY: _ROSACEAE_ West Indian cherry _Prunus myrtifolia_

COCO-PLUM FAMILY: _CHRYSOBALANACEAE_ Coco-plum _Chrysobalanus icaco_

PEA FAMILY: _FABACEAE_ Sweet acacia _Acacia farnesiana_ _Acacia pinetorum_ Sm Shy leaf _Aeschynomene americana_ var. _americana_ _Aeschynomene pratensis_ var. _pratensis_ Women’s tongue _Albizia lebbeck_ Sl Orchid tree _Bauhinia purpurea_ Sl _Cassia aspera_ Bahama senna _Cassia Chapmanii_ _Cassia deeringiana_ Golden shower _Cassia fistula_ Pr _Cassia ligustrina_ Sickle-pod _Cassia obtusifolia_ _Dalbergia brownei_ Royal ponciana _Delonix regia_ Coral-bean _Erythrina herbacea_ Jumbie bean _Leucaena leucocephala_ Sl Wild tamarind _Lysiloma latisiliquum_ Jamaica dogwood _Piscidia piscipula_ Black-bead _Pithecellobium guadalupense_ Cat’s claw _Pithecellobium unguis-cati_ Necklace pod _Sophora tomentosa_

RUE FAMILY: _RUTACEAE_ _Citrus_ spp. Pr Wild lime _Zanthoxylum fagara_

AILANTHUS FAMILY: _SIMAROUBACEAE_ _Alvaradoa amorphoides_ Paradise-tree _Simarouba glauca_

BAY CEDAR FAMILY: _SURIANACEAE_ Bay cedar _Suriana maritima_ Sm

BURSERA FAMILY: _BURSERACEAE_ Gumbo-limbo _Bursera simaruba_

MAHOGANY FAMILY: _MELIACEAE_ Mahogany _Swietenia mahagoni_

MALPIGHIA FAMILY: _MALPIGHIACEAE_ Locust-berry _Brysonima lucida_

SPURGE FAMILY: _EUPHORBIACEAE_ Crabwood _Ateramnus lucidus_ _Bischofia javanica_ Sl Milk Bark _Drypetes diversifolia_ Guiana-plum _Drypetes lateriflora_ Manchineel _Hippomane mancinella_

CASHEW FAMILY: _ANACARDIACEAE_ Poisonwood _Metopium toxiferum_ Southern sumac _Rhus copallina_ var. _leucantha_ Brazilian-pepper _Schinus terebinthifolius_ We Hogplum _Spondias purpurea_

HOLLY FAMILY: _AQUIFOLIACEAE_ Dahoon _Ilex cassine_ Tawnyberry holly _Ilex krugiana_

BITTERSWEET FAMILY: _CELASTRACEAE_ Ground holly _Crossopetalum ilicifolium_ Sm Rhacoma _Crossopetalum rhacoma_ Sm Guttapercha mayten _Maytenus phyllanthoides_

MAPLE FAMILY: _ACERACEAE_ Red maple _Acer rubum_

SOAPBERRY FAMILY: _SAPINDACEAE_ Varnish-leaf _Dodonaea viscose_ var. _linearis_ Inkwood _Exothea paniculata_ White ironwood _Hypelate trifoliata_ Spanish lime _Melicoccus bijugatus_ Pr Soapberry _Sapindus saponaria_

BUCKTHORN FAMILY: _RHAMNACEAE_ Coffee colubrina _Colubrina arborescens_ _Colubrina asiatica_ Cuban colubrina _Colubrina cubensis_ Sm Black ironwood _Krugiodendron ferreum_

ELAEOCARPUS FAMILY: _ELAEOCARPACEAE_ Strawberry-tree _Muntinoia calabura_ Pr

MALLOW FAMILY: _MALVACEAE_ Wild cotton _Gossypium hirsutum_ _Hibiscus rosa-sinensis_ Pr Turk’s cap _Malvaviscus arboreus_ var. _mexicanus_ Cork tree _Thespesia populnea_

CANELLA FAMILY: _CANELLACEAE_ Wild-cinnamon _Cannela winterana_

PAPAYA FAMILY: _CARICACEAE_ Papaya _Carica papaya_

CACTUS FAMILY: _CACTACEAE_ Prickly apple _Cereus gracilus_ var. _simpsonii_ Dildo _Cereus pentagonus_

MANGROVE FAMILY: _RHIZOPHORACEAE_ Red mangrove _Rhizophora mangle_

COMBRETUM FAMILY: _COMBRETACEAE_ Black olive _Bucida buceras_ Pr Buttonwood _Conocarpus erectus_ White mangrove _Laguncularia racemosa_ Indian almond _Terminalia catappa_ Pr

MYRTLE FAMILY: _MYRTACEAE_ Bottlebrush _Callistemon viminalis_ Pr Spicewood _Calyptranthes pallens_ var. _pallens_ Myrtle-of-the-river _Calyptranthes zuzygium_ White stopper _Eugenia axillaris_ Spanish stopper _Eugenia foetida_ Cajeput _Melaleuca quinquenervia_ Sl Simpson stopper _Myrcianthes fragans_ var. _simpsonii_ Guava _Psidium guajava_ We Long-stalked stopper _Psidium longipes_ var. _longipes_ Sm

MEADOW-BEAUTY FAMILY: _MELASTOMATACEAE_ Spanish leather _Tetrazygia bicolor_

JOE-WOOD FAMILY: _THEOPHRASTACEAE_ Joe-wood _Jacquinia keyensis_

MYRSINE FAMILY: _MYRSINACEAE_ Marlberry _Ardisia escallonioides_ Shoebutton ardisia _Ardisia solanacea_ We Myrsine _Myrsine floridana_

SAPODILLA FAMILY: _SAPOTACEAE_ Saffron-plum _Bumelia celastrina_ _Bumelia reclinata_ var. _reclinata_ Sm Willow bustic _Bumelia salicifolia_ Satin leaf _Chrysophyllum oliviforme_ Wild dilly _Manilkara bahamensis_ Mastic _Mastichodendron foetidissimum_

EBONY FAMILY: _EBENACEAE_ Persimmon _Diospyros virginiana_

OLIVE FAMILY: _OLEACEAE_ Wild-olive _Forestiera segregata_ var. _pinetorum_ Sm Florida-privet _Forestiera segregata_ var. _segregata_ Sm Pop ash _Fraxinus caroliniana_

DOGBANE FAMILY: _APOCYNACEAE_ _Thevetia peruviana_ Pr Pearl-berry _Vallesia antillana_

BORAGE FAMILY: _BORAGINACEAE_ Smooth strongbark _Bourreria cassinifolia_ Strongbark _Bourreria ovata_ Geiger-tree _Cordia sebestena_

BLACK MANGROVE FAMILY: _AVICENNIACEAE_ Black Mangrove _Avicennia germinans_

VERBENA FAMILY: _VERBENACEAE_ Fiddlewood _Citharexylum fructicosum_ Java Glory-bowers _Cleradendrum speciosissimum_

POTATO FAMILY: _SOLANACEAE_ Potato tree _Solanum erianthum_

MADDER FAMILY: _RUBIACEAE_ Seven-year-apple _Casasia clusiifolia_ Buttonbush _Cephalanthus occidentalis_ Black torch _Erithalis fruticosa_ Sm Velvet seed _Guettarda elliptica_ Rough velvet-seed _Guettarda scabra_ Firebush _Hamelia patens_ Indigo-berry _Randia aculeata_ Sm

HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY: _CAPRIFOLIACEAE_ Southern elderberry _Sambucus canadensis_

ASTER FAMILY: _ASTERACEAE_ Groundsel-tree _Baccharis glomeruliflora_ Sm Groundsel-tree _Baccharis halimifolia_ Sm

Handbook 143

The National Park Service expresses its appreciation to all those persons who made the preparation and production of this handbook possible. Special thanks are extended to Frank Craighead, Sr., Pat Miller, Bill Robertson, and Saul Schiffman, who read the manuscript and provided much useful information. The checklists were compiled over many years by various members of the Everglades National Park staff. The Service also gratefully acknowledges the financial support given this handbook project by the Everglades Natural History Association, a nonprofit group that assists interpretive efforts at the park. The cover photograph is by Glenn van Nimwegen.

National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior

As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has responsibility for most of our nationally owned public lands and natural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use of our land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserving the environmental and cultural values of our national parks and historical places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. The Department assesses our energy and mineral resources and works to assure that their development is in the best interest of all our people. The Department also has a major responsibility for American Indian reservation communities and for people who live in island territories under U.S. administration.

Transcriber’s Notes

—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook is public-domain in the country of publication.

—Relocated all image captions to be immediately under the corresponding images, removing redundant references like ”preceding page”.

—Silently corrected a few palpable typos.

—Added “Glossary” to the Table of Contents

—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by _underscores_.

End of Project Gutenberg's Everglades Wildguide, by Jean Craighead George