BOOK X

PAGE 94.

CH. 1.

11. =adeō … modicī=: ‘of so modest a mode of living.’

13. =argentō=: ‘silver plate.’

=trīclīnia=: properly a couch for three persons reclining at meals. Here it means the table, which was square, and surrounded on three sides by one-armed couches, while the fourth side remained open for convenience in serving. Each couch accommodated three persons, who reclined upon the left arm.

14. =Gallīs=: he had reserved Gaul for his peculiar province.

17. =Eborācī=: he was on an expedition against the Picts.

PAGE 95.

CH. 2.

1. =Cōnstantīnus=: known in history as Constantine the Great. The most important change he introduced was the adoption of Christianity as the state religion. The story is told that while marching from Gaul at the head of his legions, he saw in the heavens a luminous cross with this inscription, ‘By this conquer.’ In 313 A.D. he issued the famous Milan decree that gave imperial sanction to the religion of the Christians. Although he openly acknowledged Christianity, his religion was a strange mixture of Christianity and Paganism. Creighton, p. 112.

6. =in vīllā pūblicā=: a building in the Campus Martius, intended for a lodging house or hotel for foreign ambassadors.

11. =quās … habuit=: ‘which he utterly disregarded.’

CH. 3.

18. =nūdāre=: ‘to deprive of his power.’

PAGE 96.

CH. 4.

1. =Licinius=: his full name was Publius Flavius Galerius Valerius Licinianus Licinius. By birth he was a Dacian peasant, and an early friend and companion of the Emperor Galerius. He was invested with the command of the Illyrian province in 307 A.D. After the death of Galerius he concluded an arrangement with Maximinus, by which the Hellespont and the Bosporus were to form the boundary of the two empires. After his marriage with the sister of Constantine, he and Constantine strove with each other for the undivided sovereignty of the Roman world.

CH. 5.

20. =apud Cibalās=: this was in the great battle of Adrianople, July, 323 A.D., and was followed by the reduction of Byzantium.

CH. 6.

25. =apud Nicomediam=: this victory, September, 323 A.D., made Constantine the sole ruler of the Roman Empire. Licinius was made a prisoner, and although his life was spared for a time, Constantine had him put to death in 324 A.D.

27. =tribus Caesaribus=: they were the sons of Constantine the Great, Constantine, Constans, and Constantius.

PAGE 97.

CH. 8.

20. =urbem nōminis=: Constantinople, a city which he built on the site of ancient Byzantium. This he aimed to make his capital city. Here he had a second senate, a praefect of the city, regiones, and even largesses; all of which showed that the supremacy of Rome was at an end.

24. =in vīllā pūblicā=: a building similar in character to the one at Rome, Ch. 2.

PAGE 98.

CH. 10.

15. =Cōnstantī=: he ruled from 337 to 361 A.D. He was the third son of Constantine the Great. Under him the whole empire again became subject to one ruler. But in 355 A.D. he was compelled to make Julian Caesar and to send him into Gaul to oppose the barbarians.

PAGE 99.

CH. 14.

24. =Iūliānum=: called the Apostate, because, although he had been brought up a Christian, later he rejected Christianity and returned to Paganism. He was a brave soldier and a good general. Forced by his soldiers to assume the purple, he hesitated to begin a civil war, but was relieved of the necessity by the opportune death of Constantius in 361 A.D. “Julian was an extraordinary character. As a monarch, he was indefatigable in his attention to business, upright in his administration, and comprehensive in his views; as a man, he was virtuous in the midst of a profligate age, and did not yield to the luxurious temptations to which he was exposed.” Many of his literary works are extant. Creighton, p. 116.

PAGE 100.

CH. 16.

21. =cuī … interfuī=: what part Eutropius took in this expedition is not known.

24. =remeāns victor=: in the last battle fought on the 26th of June, Julian was mortally wounded by an arrow and died the same day.

PAGE 101.

CH. 17.

15. =Ioviānus=: his full name was Flavius Claudius Jovian. His short reign is remarkable only for the disgraceful peace he made with the Persians. Although he was a Christian, he protected the pagans.

20. =fīnibus=: he agreed that the Romans would surrender their conquests beyond the Tigris and would give up several fortresses in Mesopotamia.

24. =Pontium Telesīnum=: it is generally stated that Gavius Pontius was the leader of the Samnites in the battle of Caudine Forks. Perhaps Eutropius confuses him with Pontius Telesinus, the leader of the Samnites in the Social war.

PAGE 102.

CH. 18.

8. =nimiā crūditāte=: ‘violent indigestion.’

21. =quam … reservāmus=: whether he ever fulfilled his intention and wrote another book is unknown.

ABBREVIATIONS

abl. ＝ ablative. abs. ＝ absolute. acc. ＝ accusative. act. ＝ active. adj. ＝ adjective. adv. ＝ adverb. cf. ＝ compare (_confer_). comp. ＝ comparative. conj. ＝ conjunction. contr. ＝ contraction. dat. ＝ dative. dem. ＝ demonstrative. desid. ＝ desiderative. dim. ＝ diminutive. disc. ＝ discourse. e.g. ＝ for example (_exempli gratia_). encl. ＝ enclitic. f. ＝ feminine. freq. ＝ frequentative. gen. ＝ genitive. i.e. ＝ that is (_id est_). imp. ＝ imperfect. impers. ＝ impersonal. incep. ＝ inceptive. incho. ＝ inchoative. ind. ＝ indirect. indecl. ＝ indeclinable. indef. ＝ indefinite. intens. ＝ intensive. iter. ＝ iterative. m. ＝ masculine. n. ＝ neuter. nom. ＝ nominative. num. ＝ numeral. pass. ＝ passive. pers. ＝ personal. pl. ＝ plural. prep. ＝ preposition. pres. ＝ present. pron. ＝ pronoun. sc. ＝ supply (_scilicet_). sub. ＝ substantive. sup. ＝ superlative.

Compound verbs are treated under the simple verbs from which they are derived. To this there are two exceptions: (1) When neither the simple verb nor any other compound formed from it occurs in the text, and (2) in the case of certain verbs like _sūmō_ and _surgō_, which, though themselves compounds, came to be regarded as simple verbs, and served as a basis for other compounds. The star prefixed to certain simple verbs indicates that they are not found in the text, but that two or more compounds occur.

All matter within square brackets is etymological. The bracketed words when not translated occur independently in the Vocabulary.

VOCABULARY

A.

=A.= , abbreviation of the praenomen Aulus.

=ā, ab, abs= (=ā= only before consonants or =h, ab= before vowels and consonants, =abs= usually only before t and =q=, especially frequent before =te=), prep. with abl., 1, of place, _from_, _away from_, _out of_; 2, of time, _from_, _since_, _after_; 3, of agency, _by_; 4, of separation, source, cause, _from_, _through_, _because of_.

=abdūcō=, see =dūcō=.

=abeō=, see =eō=.

=aboleō, ēre, ēvī, itus= [=ab= + =oleō=], _to destroy_, _abolish_, _wipe out_.

=abrogō=, see =rogō=.

=absēns, sentis= [orig. part. of =absum=], adj., _absent_, _away_.

=absimilis, e= [=ab= + =similis=], adj., _unlike_.

=abstineō=, see =teneō=.

=absum=, see =sum=.

=abundantia, ae= [=abundō=, _to overflow_; =ab + unda=], f., _plenty_, _fullness_, _abundance_.

=ac=, see =atque=.

=accēdō=, see =cēdō=.

=accidō=, see =cadō=.

=accipiō=, see =capiō=.

=acclāmō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=ad= + =clāmō=, _to shout_], _to shout loudly_, _exclaim_.

=ācer, ācris, ācre=, comp. =ācrior=, sup. =ācerrimus=, adj., _sharp_, _bitter_; _keen_, _vigorous_, _fierce_.

=acerbē= [=acerbus=], adv., _bitterly_, _cruelly_, _severely_.

=acerbitās, ātis= [=acerbus=], f., _harshness_, _severity_, _unkindness_.

=acerbus, a, um=, adj., _bitter_, _harsh_, _cruel_.

=Achaea, ae=, f., a district in the Peloponnesus. Later the Roman province of Southern Greece.

=Achillēs, is=, m., a famous Greek chief at the siege of Troy, slain by Paris, the hero of the Iliad.

=Achilleus, ī=, m., he assumed the title of emperor under Diocletian, and reigned over Egypt for some time. He was taken prisoner by Diocletian, and was put to death, 296 A.D.

=aciēs, ēī=, f., _the sharp point of a sword_; _battle line_; _battle_.

=Acilius, ī=, m., see =Glabriō=.

=Actium, ī=, n., a town in Epirus; a promontory near the town.

=āctuārius, ī=, m., _a secretary_, _shorthand writer_.

=āctus, a, um=, see =agō=.

=ad=, prep. with accus., 1, of place, _to_, _towards_, _to the house of_, _at_, _near_; 2, of time, _up to_, _towards_, _until_, _at_; 3, of purpose, _to_, _in order to_, _for_, _for the sake of_.

=addō=, see =dō=.

=addūcō,= see =dūcō=.

=adēmī, ademptus=, see =adimō=.

=adeō= [=ad= + =eō=, adv.], adv., _to this point_, _so_, _very_, _to such a degree_.

=adeptus=, see =adipīscor=.

=adfectātor, ōris= [=adfectō=], m., _one that strives for_.

=adfectō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=ad= + =fectō=, freq. of =faciō=], _to strive after_, _aspire to_.

=adferō=, see =ferō=.

=adficiō=, see =faciō=.

=adfīnitās, ātis= [=ad= + =fīnis=], f., _relationship_ (by marriage).

=adflīgō=, see =*flīgō=.

=Adherbal, alis, m.=, a Numidian prince, son of Macipsa, slain by Jugurtha.

=adhortor, ārī, ātus sum= [=ad= + =hortor=, _to urge_], _to encourage_, _exhort_, _stimulate_, _urge_.

=adhūc= [=ad= + =hūc=], adv., _up to this time or place_; _still_, _although_, _yet_.

=Adiabēnī, ōrum=, pl. m., the Adiabeni, a people living in the northern part of ancient Assyria.

=Adiabēnicus, a, um=, adj., a cognomen of the emperor Severus, a conqueror of the Adiabeni.

=adimō=, see =emō=.

=adipīscor, ī, adeptus sum= [=ad= + =apīscor=, _to gain_], _to get_, _obtain_, _reach_.

=adicio=, see =*iaciō=.

=adiungo=, see =iungō=.

=adiūtor, ōris= [=adiūvō=, _to assist_], m., _a helper_, _assistant_, _confederate_.

=administrātiō, ōnis= [=administrō=], f., _management_, _government_.

=administrō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=ad= + =ministrō=, _to manage_], _to manage_, _govern_, _regulate_, _carry on_ (war).

=admīrātiō, ōnis= [=admīror=], f., _admiration_, _wonderment_, _astonishment_.

=admīror=, see =mīror=.

=admittō=, see =mittō=.

=admodum= [=ad= + =modus=], adv., _up to the full limit_, _very_, _exceedingly_.

=adnītor=, see =nītor=.

=adnotō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=ad= + =notō=, _to mark_], _to observe_, _remark_.

=adoleō, ēre, uī= [=ad= + =oleō=, _to emit a smell_], _to turn to vapor_, _burn_.

=adoptiō, ōnīs= [=adoptō=], f., _adoption_.

=adoptō=, see =optō=.

=adōrō=, see =ōrō=.

=adrigō=, see =regō=.

=adsentor=, see =sentiō=.

=adserō=, see =*serō=.

=adsertor, ōris= [=adserō=], m., _a claimant_.

=adsessor, ōris= [=adsideō=, _to sit by_], m., _an assistant_, _aid_; _legal adviser_.

=adspiciō=, see =*speciō=.

=adsurgo, ere, surrēxī, surrēctus= [=ad= + =surgō= (=sub= + =regō=), _to rise_], _to rise_, _arise_.

=adulēscēns, entis= [=adolēscō=, _to grow up_], m., _young_; as substantive, _a young man_.

=adventō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=ad= + =ventō=, intens. of =veniō=], _to arrive_.

=adventus, ūs= [=adveniō=, _to arrive_], m., _arrival_.

=adversus, a, um= [=advertō=, _to turn to_], adj., _turned to or towards_; _opposed to_, _adverse_.

=adversus= and =adversum=, prep. with accus., _facing_, _in opposition to_, _against_.

=advocātus, ī= [=advocō=, _to call to aid_], m., _a pleader_, _advocate_; _aider_, _helper_.

=advolō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=ad= + =volō=, _to fly_], _to fly to_, _hurry on_, _rush_.

=aedificō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=aedis= + =faciō=], _to build_.

=aedīlīcius, ī= [=aedīlis=, _aedile_, a Roman magistrate], m., _one who has been an aedile_.

=aeger, gra, grum=, adj., _sick_, _feeble_.

=aegrē= [=aeger=], adv., _with difficulty_, _scarcely_.

=aegritūdō, inis= [=aeger=], f., _sickness_, _grief_, _vexation_, _mortification_.

=aegrōtō, āre, āvī= [=aeger=], _to be sick_, _languid_, _pine_.

=Aegyptus, ī=, m., _Egypt_.

=Aeliānus, ī=, m., a leader of an insurrection during the reign of Diocletian.

=Aelius, ī=, m., see =Hadriānus=.

=Aemiliānus, ī=, m., the governor of Pannonia and Moesia in the reign of Gallus, Roman emperor, 253 A.D.

=Aemilius, ī=, m, the name of a Roman gens. 1. _Lūcius Aemilius_, consul 224 B.C. 2. _Mārcus Aemilius_ (Mamercus), dictator. See =Lepidus, Paulus=.

=aemula, ae= [=aemulus=], f., _a rival_.

=aemulor, ārī, ātus sum= [=aemulus=], _to rival_, _vie with_, _emulate_.

=aemulus, a, um=, adj., _striving earnestly after_, _emulating_, _rivaling_; _envious_.

=aēneüs, a, um= [=aes=, _copper_], adj., _of copper_, _bronze_.

=aequālis, e= [=aequus=], adj., _equal_, _like_; as subst., _a companion_.

=Aequī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the Aequi_, a people dwelling in the upper valley of the Aniō, in the mountains forming the eastern boundary of Latium.

=aequitās, ātis= [=aequus=], f., _evenness_, _fairness_, _justice_.

=aequō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=aequus=], _to make even_, _place on an equality_.

=aequus, a, um=, adj., _even_, _level_; _fair_, _just_; aequō animō, _impartially_.

=aerārium, ī= [=aes=, _copper_], n., _treasury_, _fund_.

=aestās, ātis=, f., _summer_.

=aetās, ātis=, f., _time of life_, _life_; _old age_; _period of time_, _time_.

=Aetōlī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the Aetolians_, inhabitants of Aetolia, a division of Greece.

=aevum, ī=, n., _period of life_, _life_, _age_.

=Āfer, Āfrī=, m., _an African_, especially an inhabitant of Carthage.

=Āfranius, ī=, m., _L. Afranius_, a general of Pompey in Spain, killed in Africa, 46 B.C.

=Āfrica, ae=, f., _Africa_; often the northern part of the continent, especially the part near Carthage.

=Āfricānus, ī=, m., see =Scīpiō=.

=ager, agrī=, m., _field_, _farm_, _estate_; _territory_, _land_; _the country_.

=aggredior=, see =*gradior=.

=āgnōscō=, see =nōscō=.

=agō, agere, ēgī, āctus=, _to set in motion_, _drive_, _lead_; _act_, _do_, _perform_; _treat_, _deal_; _spend_, _pass time_; =grātiās agere=, _to give thanks_. =con--cōgō, ere, coēgī, coāctus=, _to drive together_, _collect_; _force_. =ex--exigō, ere, ēgī, āctus=, _to drive out_; _complete_; _pass_, _end_. =re--redigō, ere, ēgī, āctus=, _to drive back_; _reduce_; _render_, _bring_. =sub--subigō, ere, ēgī, āctus=, _to drive under_, _put down_, _conquer_. =trāns--trānsigō, ere, ēgī, āctus=, _to carry through_, _finish_, _settle_, _perform_.

=agrestis, e= [=ager=], adj., _of the fields_, _rustic_; as subst., _countryman_.

=Agrigentum, ī=, n., a Greek colony in Sicily.

=Agrippa, ae=, m., _M. (Vīpsānius) Agrippa_, son-in-law of Atticus, minister of Augustus.

=Agrippīna, ae=, f., a city in Belgic Gaul.

=āla, ae=, f., _a wing_, _flank_.

=Alamannī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the Alamanni_, a name applied to a confederacy of German tribes living between the Danube, the Rhine, and the Main.

=Albānī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the Albānī_, the inhabitants of Alba Longa in Latium; the inhabitants of Albania west of the Caspian Sea.

=Albīnus, ī=, m., a family name at Rome. 1. _Clōdius Albīnus_, governor of Britain at the death of Commodus. He revolted, and was defeated and slain by Septimius Sevērus at Lugdūnum, 197 A.D. 2. _Sp. Postumius (Albīnus)_, consul 344 and 321 B.C. 3. _Aulus Postumius Albinus_, consul 242 B.C. 4. _L. Postumius Albīnus_, consul 234 and 229 B.C. 5. _Sp. Postumius Albinus_, consul 186 B.C. 6. _Sp. Postumius Albīnus_, consul 110 B.C.

=Albis, is=, m., the river Elbe in Germany.

=Alexander, drī=, m., Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia, the conqueror of Persia; B.C. 356-323.

=Alexander, drī=, m., see =Aurēlius=.

=Alexandrīa, ae=, f., a city in Egypt, at the mouth of the Nile, founded by Alexander the Great, 331 B.C.

=Alexandrīnus, a, um=, adj., _Alexandrine_, _pertaining to Alexandrīa_.

=Algidus, ī=, m., a mountain in Latium.

=aliās= [=alius=], adv., _at another time_, _under other circumstances_.

=aliēnus, a, um= [=alius=], adj., _belonging to another_, _another’s_.

=aliquamdiū= [=aliquis= + =diū=], adv., _for a while_, _for some time_.

=aliquantus, a, um=, adj., _some_, _considerable_.

=aliquī, quae, quod= [=alius= + =quī=], indef. pron. adj., _some one or other_, _some_, _any_.

=aliquis, qua, quid= [=alius= + =quis=], indef. pron., _some one_, _something_; _any one_, _anything_; _some_; as subst., =aliquid=, n., _something_, _anything_.

=aliquot= [=alius= + =quot=], indef. indecl. adj., _some_, _several_.

=alius, alia, aliud=, adj., _another_, _other_, _different_, _else_; =alius … alius=, _one … one_, _another … another_; pl., _some … others_; =longē aliam (aliō) atque=, _very different from_.

=Allectus, ī=, m., the chief officer of Carausius in Britain.

=Allia, ae=, f., a small river flowing into the Tiber from the east about 11 miles north of Rome.

=Alma, ae=, f., a mountain in Pannonia.

=Alpēs, ium=, f., _the Alps_.

=alter, altera, alterum=, pron. adj., _one of two_, _the other_, _the second_; =alter … alter=, _the one … the other_.

=Altīnum, ī=, n., a town of the Veneti in the north of Italy at the mouth of the river Silis.

=altitūdō, inis= [=altus=, _high_], f., _height_, _depth_.

=amābilis, e= [=amō=, _to love_], adj., _worthy of love_, _lovely_, _amiable_.

=Amandus, ī=, m., a leader of an insurrection during the reign of Diocletian.

=ambō, ae, ō=, adj., _both_.

=Ambrōnēs, um=, pl. m., a Celtic people defeated by Marius near Aquae Sextiae in 102 B.C.

=amīcitia, ae= [=amīcus=], f., _friendship_.

=amīcus, a, um= [=amō=, _to love_], adj., _friendly_; as subst., =amīcus, ī=, m., _a friend_.

=Amīsus, I=, Gr. acc. =Amīson=, f., a coast city of Pontus, the residence of Mithradates the Great.

=āmittō=, see =mittō=.

=amnis, is=, m., _river_, _torrent_, _stream_.

=amoenitās, ātis= [=amoenus=], f., _pleasantness_, _agreeableness_.

=amoenus, a, um= [=amō=, _to love_], adj., _pleasing_, _charming_.

=amor, ōris= [=amō=, _to love_], m., _love_; _a beloved object_, _one’s love_.

=amphitheātrum, ī=, n., _amphitheater_.

=amplē= [=amplus=], adv., _largely_.

=amplificō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=amplus= + =faciō=], _to increase_, _enlarge_.

=ampliō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=amplus=], _to enlarge_, _magnify_.

=amplius= [=amplus=], comp. of =amplē=, _more_, _further_.

=amplus, a, um=, adj., _great_, _large_; _noble_, _distinguished_.

=ancilla, ae=, f., _a maid-slave_, _maid_.

=Ancus, ī=, m., see =Mārcius=.

=Andriscus, ī=, m., a Persian who pretended to be the natural son of Perseus and assumed the name of Philip.

=angustia, ae= [=angustus=, _narrow_], f., _narrowness_; pl., _narrow places_, _a pass_.

=Anicius, ī=, m., _C. Anicius_, praetor in the Third Macedonian war, 176-168 B.C.

=Aniēn, ēnis= or =Aniō, ōnis=, m., a small tributary of the Tiber.

=animus, ī=, m., _soul_, _mind_; _disposition_, _feelings_; _courage_, _spirit_.

=Annius, ī=, m., see =Antōnīnus=.

=annus, ī=, m., _a year_.

=annuus, a, um= [=annus=], adj., _annual_; _lasting a year_.

=ante=, adv., of space, _before_, _in front of_; of time, _before_, _previously_, _ago_; prep. with accus., both of space and time, _in front of_, _before_.

=anteā= [=ante=], adv., _before_, _formerly_.

=Antemnātēs, um=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Antemnae_, a Sabine town at the junction of the Anio and the Tiber.

=Anthemūsia, ae=, f., a province of Mesopotamia.

=Antiochēnsēs, ium=, m., _the inhabitants of Antioch_.

=Antiochīa, ae=, f., the capital city of Syria on the river Orontes.

=Antiochus, ī=, m., kings of Syria. 1. _Antiochus II._, called Theos, 261-246 B.C. 2. _Antiochus III._, called the Great, 223-187 B.C. 3. _Antiochus IV._, called Epiphanes, 175-164 B.C.

=antīquus, a, um= [=ante=], adj., _old_, _belonging to a former time_.

=Antōnīniānus, a, um=, adj., _of_ or _belonging to the Antonines_.

=Antōnīnus, ī=, m., the name of a dynasty of Roman emperors. 1. _T. Aurēlius Antōnīnus Fulvius Bōiōnius Pius_, 138-161 A.D. 2. _M. Aurēlius Antōnīnus Vērus_, 161-180 A.D. 3. _L. Annius Antōnīnus Vērus_, 161-169 A.D. 4. _L. Antōnīnus Commodus_, 180-193 A.D. 5. _M. Aurēlius Antōnīnus Bassānius Caracalla_, 211-217 A.D. 6. _M. Aurēlius Antōnīnus, Heliogabalus_, 218-222 A.D.

=Antōnius, ī=, m., the name of a Roman gens. 1. _C. Antōnius_, consul 63 B.C. 2. _L. Antōnius_, consul 41 B.C. 3. _M. Antōnius_, the friend of Caesar and member of the Second Triumvirate, consul 44 B.C.

=Anullīnus, ī=, m., a Roman senator.

=ānulus, ī= [dim. of =ānus=, _a circle_], m., _a ring_.

=Aper, prī=, m., _Arrius Aper_, praetorian praefect. He was put to death by Diocletian, 284 A.D.

=āperiō=, see =*pariō=.

=Apollonia, ae=, f., a city of Thrace on the Pontus Euxinus.

=Apollōnius, ī=, m., _Apollōnius Chalcēdonius_, called _Dyscolus_, “the ill-tempered.” A rhetorician.

=apoplēxis, is=, f., _apoplexy_.

=apparātus, ūs=, m., _equipment_, _preparation_; _splendor_, _pomp_.

=appareō=, see =pareō=.

=appellō=, see =pellō=.

=appetō=, see =petō=.

=Appiōn, ōnis=, m., _Appiōn Ptolemaeus_, king of Cyrene, 117-96 B.C.

=Appius, ī=, m., a praenomen especially common in the Claudian gens.

=Appius, a, um=, adj., _Appian_; especially the _via Appia_, the famous road built by Appius Claudius the Censor, 312 B.C.

=appōnō=, see =pōnō=.

=apprīmē= [=prīmus=], adv., _most of all_.

=apud=, prep. with acc., of place, _near_; of persons, _with_, _among_, _in the presence of_, _at the house of_; with the name of an author, _in the works of_.

=Āpūlia, ae=, f., a district in the southeastern part of Italy.

=aqua, ae=, f., _water_.

=Aquilēia, ae=, f., a city in northern Italy on the Adriatic Sea.

=Aquīlius, ī=, m., see =Flōrus=.

=Aquītānia, ae=, f., a province of Gaul between the Garonne and the Pyrenees.

=Arabēs, ūm=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Arabia_.

=Arabia, ae=, f., _Arabia_.

=Arabicus, a, um=, adj., _belonging to_ or _pertaining to Arabia_, cognomen of Septimius Severus.

=arbitrium, ī= [=arbiter=, _judge_], n., _judgment_; _will_; _power_.

=*arceō, ēre, uī, --=, _to inclose_; _prohibit_. =con--coërceō, ēre, uī, itus=, _to shut in_; _restrain_, _check_. =ex--exerceō, ēre, uī, itus=, _to exercise_, _drill_.

=Archelāus, ī=, m., (1) a distinguished general of Mithradates. (2) Called Cappadox, king of Cappadocia, 36 B.C.-14 A.D.

=Ardea, ae=, f., the capital city of the Rutuli, in Latium, about eighteen miles south of Rome.

=ārdeō, ēre, ārsī, ārsus=, _to be hot_, _burn_; _be eager_, _excited_.

=argenteus, a, um= [=argentum=], adj., _of silver_.

=Argentorātum, ī=, n., a city in Belgic Gaul.

=argentum, ī=, n., _silver_; _money_.

=Argī, ōrum=, pl. m., the city of Argos in the eastern part of the Peloponnesus.

=Ariarātus, ī=, m., called Cappadox, king of Cappadocia, 220-162 B.C.

=Arīminum, ī=, n., a town in northern Italy on the Adriatic Sea.

=Ariobarzēnēs, is=, m., king of Cappadocia, 93-63 B.C.

=Aristarchus, ī=, m., made king of Colchis by Pompey.

=Aristō, ōnis=, m., an Athenian philosopher who surrendered Athens to Mithradates, 87 B.C.

=Aristobūlus, ī=, m., king of Judea, taken captive by Pompey, 63 B.C.

=Aristonīcus, ī=, m., a natural son of Eumenes II., king of Pergamus.

=arma, ōrum=, pl. n., _weapons_; _warfare_.

=Armenēs, is=, m., son of Nabis, a tyrant of Sparta.

=Armenia, ae=, f., a country of Asia southeast of the Black Sea. =Armenia Minor=, the portion west of the Euphrates.

=Armeniacus, a, um=, adj., _pertaining to_ or _belonging to Armenia_.

=Armeniī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Armenia_.

=armō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=arma=], _to arm_, _equip_; =ārmatī=, _armed men_, _soldiers_.

=Armoricum, ī=, n., the northern part of Celtic Gaul.

=arō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to plow_.

=ars, artis=, f., _skill_, _art_, _knowledge_.

=ārsī=, see =ārdeō=.

=Artacēs, is=, m., a king of Hiberia, conquered by Pompey.

=Artaxata, ae=, f., the capital city of Armenia Māior.

=Ārūns, ūntis=, m., the son of Tarquinius Superbus.

=Arvernī, ōrum=, pl. m., an important tribe of Celtic Gaul.

=Arzanēna, ae=, f., a district of Armenia Maior, bounded on the south by the Tigris.

=ascendō=, see =*scandō=.

=Asclēpiodotus, ī=, m., a praetorian praefect during the reign of Diocletian.

=Asia, ae=, f., _Asia_; _Asia Minor_.

=Asiāgenēs, is=, m., a Greek term for the Latin _Asiāticus_; cognomen of _L. Cornēlius Scīpiō_, conqueror of Antiochus.

=Asina, ae=, m. (1) _Cn. Cornēlius Asina_, consul 260 B.C. (2) _P. Cornēlius (Asina)_, consul 218 B.C.

=Asinius, ī=, m., _Hierius Asinius_, leader of the Marsi in the Marsic war, 90 B.C.

=asper, aspera, asperum=, adj., _rough_, _bitter_; _violent_, _severe_.

=asperitās, ātis= [=asper=], f., _roughness_, _harshness_.

=aspis, idis=, f., _an asp_, _viper_.

=assiduus, a, um= [=adsideō=, _to sit by_ or _near_], adj., _continually present_, _busied_; _diligent_, _persistent_, _faithful_; _continual_, _unceasing_, _unremitting_.

=Assyria, ae=, f., a division of Asia between Media, Mesopotamia, and Babylon.

=Ātella, ae=, f., a small town in Campania.

=Athēnae, ārum=, pl. f., _Athens_, the chief city of Attica.

=Athēniēnsis, e=, adj., _Athenian_.

=Atīlius, ī=, m., the name of a Roman gens. See =Bulcus, Rēgulus=.

=atque, ac= (the latter used only before consonants), conj., _and_, _and especially_, _and even_; _than_, _as_; =simul ac=, _as soon as_; =idem ac=, _the same as_; =alius ac=, _other than_; =contrā atque=, _differently from what_.

=atrōx, ōcis=, adj., _savage_, _fierce_, _cruel_, _terrible_.

=Attalus, ī=, m., kings of Pergamus. 1. _Attalus I._, 241-197 B.C. 2. _Attalus Philadelphus_, 159-138 B.C. 3. _Attalus Philometor_, 138-133 B.C.

=Attalus, ī=, m., king of Paphlagonia.

=atterō, ere, trīvī, trītus= [=ad= + =terō=, _to rub_], _to rub against_, _rub away_, _wear_; _destroy_, _waste_.

=attingō=, see =*tangō=.

=attrītus=, see =atterō=.

=attulī=, see =adferō=.

=auctor, ōris= [=augeō=], m., _producer_, _originator_, _cause_.

=auctōritās, ātis= [=auctor=], f., _authority_, _power_; _influence_, _weight_, _dignity_.

=auctus, a=, um, see =augeō=.

=audāx, ācis= [=audeō=], adj., _bold_, _daring_, _audacious_.

=audeō, ēre, ausus sum=, _to dare_, _attempt_.

=audiō, īre, īvī, ītus=, _to hear_, _hear of_, _listen to_. =ob--oboediō, īre, īvī, ītus=, _to give ear to_, _hearken_, _listen_; _yield_.

=audītōrium, ī= [=audiō=], n., _a lecture hall_.

=auferō=, see =ferō=.

=Aufidius, ī=, m., the name of a Roman gens. See =Orestēs=.

=augeō, ēre, auxī, auctus=, _to increase_, _spread_; _praise_, _honor_; _enrich_.

=Augustus, ī=, m., a title of honor given to Octavianus in 27 B.C., and after him to all the Roman emperors.

=Aureliānus, ī=, m., _Lucius Domitius Aureliānus_, Roman emperor, 270-275 A.D.

=Aurēlius, a, um=, adj., _Aurelian_; esp. _via Aurēlia_, the Aurelian road.

=Aurēlius, ī=, m., the name of a Roman gens. _Aurēlius Alexander_, Roman emperor, 222-235 A.D. See =Antōnīnus, Cotta=.

=aureus, a, um= [=aurum=], adj., _golden_, _of gold_; _embroidered with gold_.

=Aureus mōns=, m., a mountain in Upper Moesia.

=aurum, ī=, n., _gold_.

=Aurunculēius, ī=, m., the name of a Roman gens. See =Cotta=.

=auspicium=, ī [=avis= + =*speciō=], n., _divination by watching the flight, or noting the cries, of birds_; _an omen_; _auspices_.

=ausus=, see =audeō=.

=aut=, conj., _or_; =aut … aut=, _either … or_.

=autem=, conj., always postpositive, _but_, _however_, _moreover_.

=auxilium, ī= [=augeō=], n., _help_, _aid_; pl., _auxiliary troops_ (usually foreign and light armed).

=avārē= [=avārus=, _greedy_], adv., _greedily_.

=avāritia, ae= [=avārus=, _greedy_], f., _greed_, _avarice_.

=Aventīnus, ī=, m. (sc. =mōns=), _the Aventine_, one of the seven hills of Rome.

=āvertō=, see =*vertō=.

=avidus, a, um=, adj., comp. =avidior=, _desirous_, _eager,_ _greedy_.

=avis, is=, f., _bird_.

=avunculus, ī= [dim. of =avus=], m., _mother’s brother_, _uncle_.

=avus, ī=, m., _grandfather_, _ancestor_.

B.

=Babylōn, ōnis=, f., capital city of the Babylonian-Assyrian Empire in Mesopotamia, on the Euphrates.

=Bacaudae, ārum=, pl. m., the name of the revolting peasants in Gaul in the reign of Diocletian.

=Balbīnus, ī=, m., _(D. Caelius) Balbīnus_ was elected emperor by the Senate, but was slain by the soldiers at Rome, 238 A.D.

=barbaria, ae= [=barbarus=], f., a strange land, a foreign country (opposed to Greece and Italy).

=barbaricus, a, um= [=barbarus=], adj., _foreign_, _strange_; as subst., =Barbaricum, ī=, n., _strange land_.

=barbarus, a, um=, adj., _foreign_, _barbarous_, _barbarian_; as subst., =barbarī, ōrum=, pl. m., _foreigners_, _barbarians_.

=Bassiānus, ī=, m., see =Antōnīnus=.

=Bassus, ī=, m., _L. (P.) Ventidius Bassus_, a Roman general who gained several victories over the Parthians. Consul 43 B.C.

=Basternae, ārum=, pl. m., a warlike German people living near the mouth of the Danube.

=beātus, a, um= [=beō=, _to bless_]=, adj., _blessed_, _happy_, _prosperous_.

=Bēdriacum, ī=, n., a small town in Cisalpine Gaul.

=Belgicus, a, um=, adj., _Belgic_; =Gallia Belgica=, or absol. =Belgica=, the northern part of Gaul between the Rhine and the Seine.

=bellicōsus, a, um= [=bellicus=], adj., _warlike_, _fond of war_, _fierce_.

=bellicus, a, um= [=bellum=], adj., _pertaining to war_, _military_, _martial_.

=bellō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=bellum=], _to wage war_. =re--rebellō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to wage war again_, _rebel_.

=bellum, ī= [for =duellum=, from =duo=], n., _war_, _warfare_.

=bene= [=bonus=], adv., comp. =melius=, sup. =optimē=; _well_, _successfully_.

=Beneventum, ī=, n., a city in Campania in Italy.

=benīgnitās, ātis= [=benīgnus=], f., _good-will_, _kindness_.

=benīgnus, a, um=, adj., _kind_, _favorable_.

=Berenīcē, ēs=, f., a city in Cyrenaica in Africa.

=Bessī, ōrum=, pl. m., a mountain tribe of Thrace.

=Bēstia, ae=, m., _L. Calpurnius Bēstia_, consul 111 B.C.

=bēstia, ae=, f., _a beast_, _animal_.

=bibō, ere, bibī, --=, _to drink_.

=Bibulus, ī=, m., _L. (Calpurnius) Bibulus_, consul with Caesar 59 B.C.

=biennium, ī= [=bis= + =annus=], n., _two years’ time_.

=bīnī, ae, a= [=bis=], dist. num. adj., _two by two_, _two each_.

=bis= [=duis=; cf. =duo=], num. adv., _twice_.

=Bīthȳnia, ae=, f., a country in Asia Minor, on the Propontis and Black Sea.

=Bituītus, ī=, m., a king of the Arverni in Gaul.

=Blaesus, ī=, m., _C. Semprōnius Blaesus_, consul 253 B.C.

=blanditia, ae=, f., _flattery_; in pl., _blandishments_, _allurements_.

=blatteus, a, um= [=blatta=, _purple_], adj., _purple-colored_.

=blattinus, a, um= [=blatta=, _purple_], adj., _purple-colored_.

=Bocchus, ī=, m., a king of Mauretania, father-in-law of Jugurtha.

=Bōiōnius, ī=, m., see =Antōnīnus=.

=bonitās, ātis= [=bonus=], f., _goodness_.

=Bononia, ae=, f., a city in Belgic Gaul, now Boulogne.

=Bonōsus, ī=, m., a Spaniard who usurped the imperial title in Gaul in the reign of Probus, 281 A.D.

=bonus, a, um=, adj., comp. =melior=, sup. =optimus=; _good_, _advantageous_, _friendly_; =bonō animō esse=, _to feel friendly_; as subst., =bonum, ī=, n., _profit_; =bonī, ōrum=, pl. m., _good men_, _loyal citizens_; =bona, ōrum=, pl. n., _goods_.

=Bosporānī, ōrum=, pl. m., dwelling on the Cimmerian Bosporus.

=Bosporus, ī=, m. 1. _Cimmerius Bosporus_, the strait leading from the Black Sea to the Sea of Azov. 2. A city in the Crimea on the Cimmerian Bosporus.

=bracchium, ī=, n., _an arm_.

=breviārium, ī= [=brevis=], n., _a summary_, _abridgment_, _epitome_.

=brevis, e=, adj., _short_, _brief_.

=brevitās, ātis= [=brevis=], f., _shortness_.

=Britannicus, a, um=, adj., _pertaining to Britain_, _British_; as subst., =Britannicus, ī=, m., son of the emperor Claudius and Messalina.

=Britannī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Britain_, _Britons_.

=Britannia, ae=, f., _Britain_, England and Scotland; in the pl. includes Ireland.

=Brundisīnī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of the city of Brundisium_, in Calabria.

=Bruttiī, ōrum=, pl. m., a people in the southwestern part of Italy.

=Brūtus, ī=, m., a family name at Rome. 1. _D. Iūnius Brūtus._ He conquered the Callaeci and Lusitani, and won the name of Callaecus in consequence. Consul 138 B.C. 2. _L. Iūnius Brūtus_, nephew of Tarquinius Superbus, consul with Collatinus 509 B.C. 3. _(M. Iūnius) Brūtus_, one of the murderers of Caesar.

=Budalia, ae=, f., a town in Lower Pannonia, the birthplace of the emperor Decius.

=Bulcus, ī=, m., _C. Atīlius Bulcus_, consul 237 B.C.

=Burdigala, ae=, f., a city in Aquitania, now Bordeaux.

=Burziaonē, ēs=, f., a city in the modern Bulgaria.

=Bȳzantium, ī=, n., a city on the Thracian Bosporus, later Constantinople.

C.

=C.=, abbreviation of the praenomen =Gaius=.

=C.= ＝ =centum=, 100.

=Cabīra, ōrum=, pl. n., a city in Pontus, on the border of Armenia.

=Cabylē, ēs=, f., a town in Thrace.

=cadāver, eris= [=cadō=], n., _a corpse_.

=cadō, ere, cecidī, casūrus=, _to fall_, _be killed_, _die_; _happen_. =ad--accidō, ere, cidī, --=, _to happen_, _befall_, _come to pass_. =con--concidō, ere, cidī, --=, _to fall_, _be slain_, _perish_. =in--incidō, ere, cidī, --=, _to fall_, _fall in with_, _meet_; _happen_.

=Caecilius, ī=, m., the name of a Roman gens. Q. _Caecilius_, consul 206 B.C. See =Metellus=.

=Caecus, ī=, m., _Appius Claudius (Caecus)_, consul 307 B.C.

=caedēs, is= [=caedō=], f., _killing_, _slaughter_, _massacre_.

=caedo, ere, cecīdī, caesus=, _to cut_, _cut to pieces_; _kill_, _conquer_, _rout_; =virgīs caedere=, _flog_. =ex--excīdō, ere, cīdī, cīsus=, _to cut out_, _cut down_, _cut off_; _demolish_, _lay waste_. =ob--occīdō, ere, cīdī, cīsus=, _to cut down_, _kill_, _slay_.

=Caelius, a, um=, adj., _Caelian_; =Caelius Mōns=, _the Caelian Hill_, one of the seven hills of Rome.

=caelum, ī=, n., _heaven_, _sky_.

=Caenīnēnsēs, ium=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Caenīna_, a town of the Sabines.

=Caenophrūrium, ī=, n., a town in Thrace.

=Caepiō, ōnis=, m., the name of a Roman family. 1. _Cn. Servīlius Caepiō_, consul 253 B.C. 2. _Q. (Cn.) Servīlius Caepiō_, consul 140 B.C. 3. _Q. (Servīlius) Caepiō_, consul 106 B.C.

=Caesar, aris=, m., a family name in the Julian gens. 1. _C. Iūlius Caesar_, the famous dictator. See Notes, p. 144. 2. _Sex. Iūlius Caesar_, uncle of the dictator. Consul 91 B.C. 3. _C. Octāviānus_, see =Augustus, Octāviānus=.

=Caesarēa, ae=, f., the name given to several cities founded in honor of the Caesars. 1. _Caesarēa_ in Cappadocia. 2. _Caesarēa_ in Mauretania. 3. _Caesarēa_ in Palestine.

=caesus, a, um=, see =caedō=.

=Calābria, ae=, f., a division of southern Italy.

=calamitās, ātis=, f., _a calamity_, _defeat_.

=calceāmentum, ī=, n., _a shoe_.

=calidus, a, um=, adj., comp. =calidior=; _warm_, _hot_.

=Caligula, ae=, m., _C. Caesar_, surnamed _Caligula_, Roman emperor 37-41 A.D.

=Callaecī, ōrum=, pl. m., the inhabitants of the northern part of Spain.

=Callatis, is=, f., a town in Moesia, on the Black Sea.

=callidē= [=callidus=, _shrewd_], adv., _keenly_, _shrewdly_.

=Callinīcum, ī=, m., a city in Mesopotamia, on the Euphrates.

=Calpurnius, ī=, m., see =Bēstia=.

=Calvīnus, ī=, m., _Sex. Domitius Calvīnus_, consul 127 B.C.

=calx, cis=, f., _limestone_, _lime_; _the goal of the race-course_.

=Camillus, ī=, m., 1. _(M.) Fūrius Camillus_, a famous Roman hero. 2. _L. Fūrius (Camillus)_, consul 349 B.C.

=Campānia, ae=, f., a district of Italy on the western side, south of Latium.

=campus, ī=, _a plain_; =Campus Mārtius=, the level space north of the Capitoline Hill at Rome; it was outside of the walls in the earliest times, and served as a place for exercise.

=Canīna, ae=, m., _C. Claudius Canīna_, consul 273 B.C.

=Cannae, ārum=, pl. f., a small town in Apulia, where one of the most important battles of the Second Punic War was fought, 216 B.C.

=Cantabria, ae=, f., a division in the northern part of Spain.

=cantō, āre, āvī, ātus= [freq. of =canō=, _to sing_], _to produce melodious sounds_, _sing_.

=capiō, ere, cēpī, captus=, _to take_, _get_, _seize_, _capture_, _arrive at_; =consilium capere=, _to form a plan_. =ad--accipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus=, _to accept_, _receive_; _listen to_, _learn_. =dē--dēcipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus=, _to take in_, _catch_, _deceive_, _cheat_. =ex--excipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus=, _to take out_, _except_, _take up_; _intercept_, _capture_; _receive_. =prae--praecipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus=, _to take_ _beforehand_, _foresee_; _bid_, _order_, _direct_, _instruct_. =re--recipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus=, _to take back_, _receive_; _admit_; =sē recipere=, _to retreat_. =sub--suscipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus=, _to take up_; _admit_, _support_; _undertake_, _incur_, _undergo_.

=Capitōlium, ī=, n., the chief temple of Jupiter in Rome; the hill on which this stood, the _Mōns Capitōlīnus_, the citadel as well as the chief sanctuary of Rome.

=Cappadocia, ae=, f., a province in Asia Minor.

=Cappadox, ocis=, m., _a Cappadocian_.

=captīvus, a, um= [=capiō=], adj., _captive_; as subst., =captīvus, ī=, m., =captīva, ae=, f., _captive_, _prisoner of war_.

=captus, a, um=, see =capiō=.

=Capua, ae=, f., a Greek city near Naples, in Campania.

=caput, itis=, n., _the head_; _a person_, _man_; _mouth_ (of a river); _life_.

=Caracalla, ae=, m., see =M. Aurēlius Antōnīnus Bassiānus=.

=Carausius, ī=, m., a commander of the fleet under Maximian. He revolted, and after some time was slain, 293 A.D.

=Carbō, ōnis=, m., 1. _Cn. (Papīrius) Carbō_, consul 113 B.C. 2. _(Cn.) Papīrius Carbō_, consul 82 B.C.

=carcer, eris=, m., _prison_.

=Cardueni, ōrum=, pl. m., a powerful and warlike people in the southeastern part of Armenia Māior.

=careō, ēre, uī, itus=, _to be without_, _be free from_, _be destitute of_; _refrain from_, _abstain from_.

=Carīnās, ātis=, m., _C. Carīnās_, a leader of the Marian party.

=Carīnus, ī=, m., the son of the emperor Carus. He was associated with his father in the government.

=Carnuntum, ī=, n., an ancient Celtic town in Upper Pannonia, on the Danube.

=Carpī, ōrum=, pl. m., a German people living between the Carpathian mountains and the Danube.

=Carrae, ārum=, pl. f., a city in Mesopotamia.

=Carthalō, ōnis=, m., a leader of the Carthaginians, slain by Q. Fabius Maximus.

=Cārus=, ī, m., _(M. Aurēlius) Cārus_, Roman emperor, 282-283 A.D.

=Casca, ae=, m., _(P.) Servīlius Casca_, consul 44 B.C.

=Cassius, ī=, m., the name of a Roman gens. See =Longīnus, Viscellīnus=.

=castellum, ī= [dim. from =castrum=], n., _a stronghold_, _castle_, _fort_.

=castrum, ī=, n., _a fortified place_, _town_; pl., =castra, ōrum=, pl. n., _a camp_; _a campaign_.

=cāsus, ūs= [=cadō=], m., _that which befalls_; _event_, _chance_, _misfortune_, _death_.

=Catalaunī, ōrum=, pl. m., a city in Belgic Gaul.

=catēna, ae=, f., _a chain_, _fetter_.

=catēnō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=catēna=], _to bind with chains_.

=Catilīna, ae=, m., _L. Sergius Catiline_, a conspirator during the consulship of Cicerō, 63 B.C.

=Catinēnsēs, ium=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Catina_, or _Catana_, in Sicily.

=Catō, ōnis=, m., a family name in the Porcian gens. 1. _(M.) Porcius Catō_, consul 89 B.C. 2. _C. (Porcius) Catō_, consul 114 B.C. 3. _M. Porcius Catō_, consul 118 B.C. 4. _M. Porcius Catō Uticēnsis_.

=Cattī, ōrum=, pl. m., one of the most important nations in Germany, in Hesse, and Thuringia.

=Catulus, ī=, m., a family name at Rome. 1. _C. Lutātius Catulus_, consul 242 B.C. 2. _Q. Lutātius (Catulus)_, consul 241 B.C. 3. _Q. Lutātius Catulus_, consul 202 B.C. 4. _Q. (Lutātius) Catulus_, consul 78 B.C.

=Caudex, icis=, m., _Appius Claudius (Caudex)_, consul 264 B.C.

=Caudīnus, a, um=, adj., _Caudine_; =Furculae Caudīnae=, the Caudine Forks, a narrow pass in the Samnite mountains.

=Caudium, ī=, n., a town in Samnium.

=causa, ae=, f., _reason_, _motive_; _pretext_; _case_, _state_; =causā=, with gen. postpositive, _for the sake of_, _on account of_; =causam dare=, _to occasion_, _cause_.

=causidicus, ī= [=causa= + =dīcō=], m., _a pleader_, _advocate_, _special pleader_.

=cecidī=, see =cadō=.

=cecīdī=, see =caedō=. =cēdō, ere, cessī, cessus=, _to move_, _yield_, _retreat_. =ad--accēdō, ere, cessī, cessūrus=, _to move towards_, _draw near_; _be added_; _agree to_, _enter into_. =con--concēdō, ere, cessī, cessus=, _to withdraw_, _retire_, _depart_; _submit_; _allow_, _grant_, _concede_. =dē--dēcēdō, ere, cessī, cessus=, _to go away_, _withdraw_, _depart_; _to die_ (sc. =vītā=). =in--incēdō, ere, cessī, cessūrus=, _to advance_, _approach_; _march_; _move slowly_. =inter--intercēdō, ere, cessī, cessus=, _to go between_; _intervene_; _occur_. =prae--praecēdō, ere, cessī, cessūrus=, _to go before_. =prō--prōcēdō, ere, cessī, cessus=, _to move forward_, _advance_, _make progress_. =re--recēdō, ere, cessī, cessus=, _to move back_, _withdraw_, _retire_, _retreat_. =sub--succēdō, ere, cessī, cessus=, _to come up_, _advance_; _succeed_, _follow_.

=celeber, bris, bre=, adj., famous.

=celebrō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=celeber=], _to practice_, _repeat_; _celebrate_.

=celeritās, ātis= [=celer=, _swift_], f., _swiftness_, _speed_, _alertness_.

=celerō, āre, --, --= [=celer=, _swift_], _to hasten_.

=Celtiberia, ae=, f., a mountainous country in the central part of Spain.

=cēna, ae=, f., dinner, the principal meal of the Romans, taken about three o’clock.

=cēnō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=cēna=], _to dine_, _eat_.

=cēnsor, ōris= [=cēnseō=, _to value_], m., _censor_, a Roman magistrate, elected every four years, to classify the citizens.

=Cēnsōrīnus, ī=, m., _L. Mānlius Cēnsōrīnus_, consul 149 B.C.

=cēnsus, ūs= [=cēnseō=, _to value_], m., the census, an enumeration and classification of the people according to wealth.

=centēnī, ae a, a= [=centum=], distrib. num. adj., _a hundred each_.

=centēsimus, a, um= [=centum=], num. adj., _hundredth_.

=centum=, indecl. num. adj., a hundred.

=Centumalus, ī=, m., the name of a Roman family. 1. _Cn. Fulvius Centumalus_, consul 229 B.C. 2. _Cn. Fulvius (Centumalus)_, consul 211 B.C.

=centuriō, ōnis= [=centum=], m., a century, a division of the army or the people, containing a hundred men.

=cēpī=, see =capiō=.

=cernō, ere, crēvī, certus=, _to separate_; _see_, _perceive_; _decide_, _determine_. =dē--dēcernō, ere, crēvī, crētus=, _to decide_, _determine_; _decree_, _vote_, _intrust_ (by a decree); _contend_, _fight_.

=certāmen, inis= [=certō=, _to fight_], n., _a struggle_, _battle_, _engagement_.

=certātim= [=certō=, _to fight_], adv., _in rivalry_, _zealously_.

=certē= [=certus=, _certain_], adv., _certainly_, _surely_.

=cessī=, see =cēdō=.

=cessō, āre, āvī, ātus= [freq. of =cēdō=], _to be inactive_, _loiter_, _delay_; _come to an end_, _cease_.

=(cēterus), a, um= [nom. sing. m. lacking], adj., _the rest_, _the others_, _others_.

=Chaerōnēnsis, e=, adj., _belonging to Chaerōnēa_, _a town in Boeotia_.

=Chalcēdōn, ōnis=, f., a Greek city in Bithynia.

=Chalcēdōnius, a, um=, adj., _belonging to Chalcedon_.

=chlamys, ydis=, f., _a Grecian upper garment of wool_, _military cloak_, _state mantle_.

=Christiānus, a, um=, adj., _Christian_; =Christiāna religiō=, _Christianity_.

=Cibalae, ārum=, pl. f., a town in Pannonia.

=Cicerō, ōnis=, m., _M. Tullius Cicerō_, the famous orator, consul 63 B.C.

=Cilicia, ae=, f., a division of Asia Minor, bordering on the Mediterranean Sea.

=Cimbrī, ōrum=, pl. m., a Germanic tribe which, together with the Teutones, invaded Italy, and was defeated by Marius, 101 B.C.

=Cimbricus, a, um=, adj., _Cimbrian_.

=Cincinnātus, ī=, m., a Roman family name. 1. _L. Quīntius Cincinnātus_, consul 460 B.C. 2. _T. Quīntius Cincinnātus_, conquered the Praenestini near the river Allia.

=Cīneas, ae=, m., the friend and minister of Pyrrhus, king of Epirus.

=cingō, ere, cīnxī, cīnctus=, _to encircle_, _surround_; _gird_, _gird on_, _equip_; =obsidiōne cingere=, _to blockade_, _besiege_.

=Cinna, ae=, m., _L. Cornelius Cinna_, consul 87, 86 B.C.

=circā=, adv. and prep. with acc., _around_, _round about_, _throughout_.

=Circēsium, ī=, n., a city of Mesopotamia on the Euphrates.

=circueō=, see =circumeō=.

=circuitus, ūs= [=circumeō=], m., _a going round_, _circuit_, _winding way_.

=circumdūcō=, see =dūcō=.

=circumeō=, see =eō=.

=circumferō=, see =ferō=.

=circumlātus=, see =circumferō=.

=circus, ī=, m., _a circle_, _inclosure for athletic sports_, esp. _chariot races_; =Circus Māximus=, see Notes, p. 108.

=citharoedicus=, a, um, adj., _of_ or _pertaining to the citharoedī_, those who play on the cithara, accompanying it with the voice.

=*citō, āre, āvī, ātus= [intens. of =cieō=, _to cause to move_], _to rouse_. =con--concitō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to arouse_, _urge_, _excite_. =ex--excitō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to rouse forth_, _excite_, _stimulate_.

=cito=, adv., _quickly_, _speedily_, _soon_.

=cīvīlis, e= [=cīvis=], adj., _pertaining to a citizen_; _civil_; _polite_, _moderate_.

=cīvīlissimē=, see =cīvīliter=.

=cīvīlitās, ātis= [=cīvīlis=], f., _the art of government_, _politics_; _courteousness_, _politeness_, _affability_.

=cīvīliter= [=cīvīlis=], adv., sup. =cīvīlissimē=; _citizenlike, as becomes a private citizen_.

=cīvis, is=, m., _a citizen_.

=cīvitās, ātis=, f., _citizenship_; _state_, _community_; _city_.

=clārē= [=clārus=], adv., _clearly_; _loudly_.

=clārēscō, ere, clarui, --= [incho. of =clāreō=, _to be bright_], _to grow bright_; _become audible_, _sound clear_; _become illustrious_, _grow famous_.

=clārus, a, um=, adj., _bright_; _famous_, _renowned_; of sound, _clear_, _loud_.

=classis, is=, f., _a class or division of citizens_; _the navy_; _fleet_.

=Claudius, ī=, m., the name of one of the oldest and most famous of the Roman gentes. 1. _Claudius I._, Tib. Claudius Drusus Nero, Roman emperor, 41-54 A.D. 2. _Claudius II._, M. Aurelius Claudius Gothicus, Roman emperor, 268-270 A.D. See =Caecus=, =Canīna=, =Caudex=, =Crassus=, =Mārcellus=, =Nerō=, =Pulcher=.

=Claudius, a, um=, adj., _Claudian_.

=claudō, ere, clausī, clausus=, _to shut_, _close_, _inclose_. =con--conclūdō, ere, clūsī, clūsus=, _to shut up_, _confine_. =ex--exclūdō, ere, clūsī, clūsus=, _to shut out_, _cut off_, _exclude_.

=claustrum, ī= [=claudō=], n., _a barrier_, _hindrance_; _frontier_, _fortress_, _point of control_.

=clēmentia, ae= [=clēmēns=, _gentle_], f., =mercifulness=, _forbearance_, _kindness_.

=Cleopatra, ae=, f., the famous queen of Egypt.

=clībanārius, ī=, m., _a soldier clad in mail_; _a cuirassier_.

=clipeus, ī=, m., _a round shield_, as distinguished from =scutum=, _an oblong shield_.

=cloāca, ae=, f., _a sewer drain_.

=Clōdius, ī=, m., the name of a Roman gens. See =Albīnus=.

=Cluentius, ī=, m., a leader of the Marsi in the Marsic war.

=Clypea, ae=, f., a fortified town in the northern part of Africa, near Carthage.

=Cn.=, abbreviation of the praenomen =Gnaeus=.

=coāctus=, see =cōgō=.

=Cōchē, ēs=, f., a city on the Tigris, near Ctesiphon.

=coepī, isse, coeptus=, defective verb, _to begin_.

=coërceō=, see =*arceō=.

=coërcitor, ōris= [=coërceō=], m., _one who restrains_, _an enforcer_.

=cognitus=, see =cognōscō=.

=cognōmen, inis= [=con= + =(g)nōmen=], n., _a surname_, a name added to the individual and clan names of a person, either as a title of honor, as =Africānus=, =Māgnus=, or as a nickname, as =Cicerō=. _Cognōmina_ served to distinguish different families of the same gens.

=cognōmentum, ī= [=cognōmen=], n., _a surname_ (rare).

=cognōscō=, see =nōscō=.

=cōgō=, see =agō=.

=Colchī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Colchis_, in Asia.

Col=lātīnus, ī=, m., _(L.) Tarquinius Collātīnus_, the husband of Lucretia, and one of the first two consuls, 509 B.C.

=collīnus, a, um=, [=collis=, _a hill_], adj., _pertaining to a hill_, _hilly_; =Porta Collīna=, the Colline Gate.

=collum, ī=, m., _neck_.

=colō, ere, uī, cultus=, _to till_, _cultivate_; dwell in; practice, cherish; clothe, adorn; _honor_, _esteem_. =in--incolō, ere, uī, --=, _to dwell_, _settle_, _inhabit_.

=colōnia, ae=, [=colō=], f., _a colony_, _settlement_.

=columna, ae=, f., _a column_, _pillar_.

=coma, ae=, f., _hair_.

=comes, itis= [=con= + =eō=], m. and f., _a companion_, _comrade_; _attendant_, _follower_.

=comētēs, ae=, Gr. acc. =comētēn=, m., _a comet_.

=Commāgēnē, ēs=, f., a district in the northern part of Syria.

=commemorō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=con= + =memor=, _mindful_], _to call to mind_, _mention_, _tell_.

=commendātiō, ōnīs= [=commendō=], f., _commending_, _recommendation_.

=commendō=, see =mandō=.

=committō=, see =mittō=.

=commodē= [=commodus=], adv., _fitly_, _easily_, _properly_, _rightly_.

=commodum, ī= [=commodus=], n., _convenience_, _advantage_, _utility_.

=Commodus, ī=, m., see =Antōnīnus=.

=commodus, a, um= [=con= + =modus=], adj., _in due measure_, _suitable_, _fit_, _convenient_.

=commoror, ārī, ātus sum= [=con= + =moror=, _to delay_], _to tarry_, _linger_, _abide_, _remain_.

=commoveō=, see =moveō=.

=commūnis, e= [=con= + =mūnus=], adj., _common_; _ordinary_; _public_; =rēs commūnis=, _the public interest_.

=compāreō=, see =pāreō=.

=comparō=, see =parō=.

=comparō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=compār=, _like_], _to compare_.

=compellō=, see =pellō=.

=comperiō=, see =*pariō=.

=compescō, ere, uī, --=, _to confine_, _hold in check_, _repress_, _curb_, _restrain_.

=compleō=, see =*pleō=.

=complexus, ūs= [=complector=, _to embrace_], m., _surrounding_, _embrace_.

=compōnō=, see =pōnō=.

=compulī=, see =compellō=.

=computātiō, ōnis= [=computō=, _to sum up_], f., _a reckoning_.

=concēdō=, see =cēdō=.

=concidō=, see =cadō=.

=concitō=, see =*citō=.

=concitor, ōris= [=concitō=], m., _he who arouses_, _a stirrer up_.

=conclūdō=, see =claudō=.

=Concordia, ae=, f., a Roman colony founded in Venetia.

=concubīna, ae=, f., _a concubine_.

=condiciō, ōnis= [=condīcō=, _to agree_], f., _a condition_, _state_; _terms_, _stipulation_.

=condiscipulus, ī= [=con= + =discipulus=, _a student_], m., _a fellow-student_, _schoolmate_.

=conditor, ōris= [=condō=], m., _a founder_, _inventor_, _writer_.

=condō=, see =dō=.

=cōnfectus=, see =cōnficiō=.

=cōnferō=, see =ferō=.

=cōnfestim=, adv., _immediately_, _at once_.

=cōnficiō=, see =faciō=.

=cōnfīgō, ere, fīxī, fīxus= [=con= + =fīgō=, _to fix_], =to fasten together=, =unite=.

=cōnfīrmō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=con= + =fīrmō=, _to make firm_], _to confirm_, _strengthen_, _encourage_, _affirm_.

=cōnflīgō=, see =*flīgō=.

=cōnfluō=, see =fluō=.

=cōnfodiō, ere, fōdī, fossus= [=con= + =fodiō=, _to dig_], _to dig_; _stab_.

=cōnfugiō=, see =fugiō=.

=cōnfundō=, see =fundō=.

=cōnfūsus=, see =cōnfundō=.

=congerō=, see =gerō=.

=congredior=, see =*gradior=.

=congregō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=con= + =grex=, _a herd_], _to collect_, _unite_.

=congressus=, see =congredior=.

=cōniciō=, see =*iaciō=.

=coniungō=, see =iungō=.

=coniūnx, coniugis= [=coniungō=], m. and f., _a husband_, _wife_.

=coniūrātiō, ōnis= [=coniūrō=], f., _a conspiracy_, _plot_.

=coniūrō=, see =iūrō=.

=conlātus=, see =conferō=.

=conlēga, ae= [=conligō=], m., _a colleague_.

=conligō=, see =legō=.

=conlocō=, see =locō=.

=conloquium, ī= [=con= + =loquor=, _to speak_], n., _an interview_, _conference_.

=cōnor, ārī, ātus sum=, _to attempt_, _try_.

=cōnscendō=, see =*scandō=.

=cōnsecrō=, see =*sacrō=.

=cōnsecūtus=, see =cōnsequor=.

=cōnsēdī=, see =cōnsīdō=.

=cōnsenēscō=, see =senēscō=.

=cōnsēnsī=, see =cōnsentiō=.

=cōnsēnsus, ūs= [=cōnsentiō=], m., _consent_, _assent_, _united opinion_; =ex commūnī cōnsēnsū=, _by common consent_.

=cōnsentio=, see =sentiō=.

=cōnsenuī=, see =cōnsenēscō=.

=cōnsequor=, see =sequor=.

=cōnserō=, see =*serō=.

=cōnsīdō=, see =sīdō=.

=cōnsilium, ī= [=cōnsulō=], n., _a plan_, _advice_; _counsel_, _wisdom_; _authority_; _council_.

=cōnsistō=, see =*sistō=.

=cōnsōbrīna, ae= [=con= + =soror=], f., _a cousin-german_, _first cousin_.

=cōnspectus, ūs= [=cōnspiciō=], m., _sight_, _presence_.

=cōnspiciō=, see =*speciō=.

=Cōnstāns, antis=, m., the youngest of the three sons of Constantine the Great.

=Cōnstantia, ae=, f., daughter of Constantius Chlorus.

=Cōnstantīnopolis, is=, f., Constantinople, a city built on the site of Byzantium by Constantine the Great.

=Cōnstantīnus, ī=, m., 1. _Cōnstantīnus_, surnamed “the Great.” Roman emperor 306-337 A.D. 2. _Cōnstantīnus_, son of (1).

=Cōnstantius, ī=, m., 1. _Cōnstantius Chlōrus_, father of Constantine the Great. Roman emperor 305-306 A.D. 2. _Cōnstantius_, third son of Constantine the Great. Roman emperor 337-361 A.D.

=cōnstitī=, see =cōnsistō=.

=cōnstituō=, see *statuō.

=cōnsuētūdō, inis= [=cōnsuēscō=, _to become accustomed_], f., _habit_, _custom_, _manner_.

=cōnsul, ulis=, m., _a consul_. The usual name of the two highest officials of the Roman republic. They were elected annually, and their names were used in place of a date.

=cōnsulāris, e= [=cōnsul=], adj., _of a consul_, _of consular rank_; as subst., _an ex-consul_.

=cōnsulātus, ūs= [=cōnsul=], m., _consulate_, _consulship_.

=cōnsulō, ere, uī, tus=, _to consult_, _consider_; _counsel_, _give advice to_; _provide for_; _ask advice of_.

=cōnsultō= [=cōnsulō=], adv., _purposely_.

=cōnsultum, ī= [=cōnsulō=], n., _resolution_, _decree_; =senātūs cōnsultum=, _decree of the senate_.

=cōnsultus, a, um= [=cōnsulō=], adj., _experienced_, _learned_; =iūris cōnsultus=, _a lawyer_.

=cōnsūmō=, see =sūmō=.

=contāminō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=contāmen=, _touch_], _to bring into contact_, _mingle_; _corrupt_, _defile_, _pollute_.

=contemnō, ere, tempsī, temptus= [=con= + =temnō=, _to scorn_], _to despise_, _scorn_.

=contendō=, see =tendō=.

=contentiō, ōnis= [=contendō=], f., _exertion_, _struggle_; _contest_, _contention_.

=contentus, a, um= [=contineō=], adj., _content_, _satisfied_.

=contigī=, see =contingō=.

=contineō=, see =teneō=.

=contingō=, see =*tangō=.

=continuus, a, um= [=contineō=], adj., _successive_, _uninterrupted_.

=cōntiō, ōnis= [contr. from =conventiō=, _assembling_], f., _assembly_; _an address_ (to the assembly).

=contrā=, prep. with acc., _against_, _opposite to_, _contrary to_; =adv.=, _on the other hand_; =contrā atque=, _contrary to what_.

=contrāctus, a, um=, see =contrahō=.

=contrādīcō=, see =dīcō=.

=contrahō=, see =trahō=.

=contrōversia, ae= [=contrā= + =vertō=], f., _dispute_, _controversy_.

=contulī=, see =cōnferō=.

=conveniō=, see =veniō=.

=conventus, ūs= [=conveniō=], m., _a meeting_, _assembly_.

=conversus=, see =convertō=.

=convertō=, see =*vertō=.

=convīcium, ī= [=con= + =vocō=], n., _a loud noise_, _clamor_, _cry_; _insult_.

=convincō=, see =vincō=.

=convīvium, ī= [=con= + =vīvō=], n., _a feast_.

=cōpia, ae= [=co(n)= + =ops=], f., _abundance_, _supply_; pl., _troops_, _supplies_; _means_, _force_, _wealth_.

=cōpiōsus, a, um= [=cōpia=], adj., _abounding in_, _well supplied_, _rich_.

=Corinthiī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Corinth_.

=Corinthus, ī=, f., a city in the Peloponnesus on the isthmus of Corinth, captured and destroyed by the Romans, 146 B.C.

=Coriolānus, ī=, m., the surname of Q. Marcius, the conqueror of Corioli, 493 B.C.

=Coriolī, ōrum=, pl. m., a town of the Volsci in Latium.

=Cornēlius, ī=, m., the name of a large and important gens at Rome. See =Asina=, =Cinna=, =Dolābella=, =Faustus=, =Fuscus=, =Galbus=, =Lentulus=, =Rūfīnus=, =Scīpiō=, =Sulla=.

=cornū, ūs=, n., _a horn_; _trumpet_; _wing_ (of an army).

=corpus, oris=, n., _a body_.

=corrēctor, ōris= [=corrigō=], m., _a corrector_, _improver_; _a land bailiff_, _governor_.

=corrēctus=, see =corrigō=.

=corrēxī=, see =corrigō=.

=corrigō=, see =regō=.

=corripiō=, see =rapiō=.

=corrumpō=, see =rumpō=.

=Corsica, ae=, f., an island in the Mediterranean Sea, west of Italy.

=Corvīnus, ī=, m., _M. Valerius Corvīnus_, twice dictator, six times consul.

=corvus, ī=, m., =a raven=.

=Corycus, ī=, m., a city in Cilicia.

=Cosconius, ī=, m., _C. Cosconius_, a praetor during the Social War, 89 B.C.

=Cotta, ae=, m., 1. _M. Aurēlius Cotta_, consul 78 (74) B.C. 2. _(L.) Aurunculēius (Cotta)_, one of Caesar’s lieutenants in Gaul.

=Cottius, ī=, m., a king of several Ligurian tribes in the Cottian Alps.

=Cottius, a, um=, adj., _Cottian_; =Alpēs Cottiae=, the Cottian Alps, between France and Italy, from Mt. Viso to Mt. Cenis.

=Cotys, yis=, m., a Thracian king.

=Crassus, ī=, m., a Roman family name. 1. _Appius Claudius Crassus_, decemvir. 2. _M. Licinius Crassus_, the triumvir, consul 70 B.C. 3. _P. Licinius Crassus_, consul 171 B.C. 4. _P. Licinius Crassus_, called Dives Mucianus, consul 131 B.C.

=crēber, bra, brum=, adj., _crowded_, _numerous_, _frequent_.

=crēdō, ere, crēdidī, crēditus=, _to believe_, _trust_, _think_; _intrust_, _commend to_.

=creō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to create_, _make_, _beget_; _elect_, _declare elected_.

=crēscō, ere, crēvī, crētus=, _to grow_, _increase_; _become influential_, _prosper_.

=Crēta, ae=, f., an island in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Greece; modern Candia.

=Crēticus, a, um=, adj., _pertaining to Crete_; =Crēticum bellum=, _war against Crete_.

=crīmen, inis= [=cernō=], n., _accusation_, _slander_; _fault_, _crime_, _offense_.

=crīnītus, a, um= [=crīnis=, _hair_], adj., _covered with hair_.

=Crīnītus, ī=, m., see =Trāiānus=.

=Crixus, ī=, m., one of the gladiators who revolted with Spartacus.

=crūdēlitās, ātis= [=crūdēlis=, _cruel_], f., _cruelty_.

=crūdēliter= [=crūdēlis=, _cruel_], adv., _cruelly_.

=crūditās, ātis= [=crūdus=, _unripe_], f., _overloading of the stomach_; _indigestion_.

=cruentus, a, um= [=cruor=], adj., _blood-stained_, _bloody_.

=cruor, ōris=, m., _running blood_, _gore_.

=Crustumīnī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Crustumerium_, a town in the territory of the Sabines, north of Rome.

=crystallinus, a, um= [=crystallum=, _crystal_], adj., _of crystal_.

=Ctēsiphōn, ōntis=, f., a city in Assyria, on the Tigris.

=cubiculum, ī= [=cubō=, _to lie down_], n., _a bedchamber_.

=culpō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=culpa=, _fault_], _to find fault with_, _blame_.

=cultus, ūs= [=colō=], m., _cultivation_, _worship_; _culture_, _training_; mo_de of life_; _dress_, _splendor_.

=cum=, prep. with abl., _with_, _together with_.

=cum=, conj., of time, _when_, _while_, _whenever_; of cause, _since_; of concession, _although_; =cum … tum=, _both … and_, _not only … but also_.

=cūnctus, a, um= [=coniunctus, con= + =iungo=], adj., _all together_, _all_.

=cupiditās, ātis= [=cupidus=, _desirous_], f., _desire_, _longing_; _greediness_, _avarice_.

=cūra, ae=, f., _care_, _anxiety_.

=Cūria, ae=, f., _the Roman senate house_, either the Curia Hostilia, adjoining the Forum, or the Curia Pompeia, built by Pompey in the Campus Martius. In the latter Caesar was murdered.

=Cūriō, ōnis=, m., _C. Scrībōnius_, consul 76 B.C.

=Curius, ī=, m., the name of a Roman gens. See =Dentātus=.

=currō, currere, cucurrī, cursus=, to run. =ob--occurro, currere, (cu)curri, cursus=, _to run to meet_; _meet with_, _encounter_; _withstand_; _occur_.

=currus, ūs= [=currō=], m., _a chariot_.

=Cursor, ōris=, m., _L. Papīrius Cursor_, a celebrated general, six times consul, dictator twice.

=cursus, ūs= [=currō=], m., _running_, _speed_; _course_, _voyage_.

=cūstōdia, ae= [=cūstōs=, a guard], f., _care_, _guard_, _custody_.

=Cȳrēnē, ēs=, f., a Greek city on the coast of Africa, west of Egypt.

=Cȳzicus, ī=, f., a city of Mysia, in Asia Minor.

=Cȳzicēnus, a, um=, adj., _pertaining to Cȳzicus_.

D.

=D.=, abbreviation of the praenomen =Decimus=.

=D.= ＝ 500.

=Dācī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the Dacians_, inhabitants of Dacia.

=Dācia, ae=, f., a country north of the Danube.

=Dalmatae, ārum=, pl. m., _the Dalmatians_, the inhabitants of Dalmatia.

=Dalmatia, ae=, f., a country bordering on the eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea.

=Dalmatius, ī=, m., _Dalmatius Caesar_, a nephew of Constantine the Great.

=damnō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=damnum=, _injury_], _to condemn_, _sentence_; _bind_, _compel_; _censure_.

=Dānuvius, ī=, m., _the Danube_.

=Daphnēnsēs, ium=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Daphnē_, a place near Antioch.

=Dardanī, ōrum=, pl. m., a people of Upper Moesia.

=Dardania, ae=, f., a district of the Troad, lying along the Hellespont.

=datus=, see =dō=.

=dē=, prep. with abl., of place, _from_, _down from_, _out of_; of time, _after_, _during_; of cause, _in consequence of_, _through_; of relation, _concerning_, _in respect to_.

=dēbeō=, see =habeō=.

=dēcēdō=, see =cēdō=.

=decem=, indecl. num. adj., _ten_.

=decemvir, ī= [=decem= + =vir=], m., _one of a commission of ten men_, _decemvir_.

=Decentius, ī=, m., _Māgnus Decentius_, brother of Magnentius, by whom he was created Caesar, 351 A.D.

=dēceptus=, see =dēcipiō=.

=dēcernō=, see =cernō=.

=dēcessī=, see =dēcēdō=.

=decet, ēre, uit, --= (impers.), _to be suitable_, _becoming_.

=Decibalus, ī=, m., a celebrated king of the Dacians.

=deciēs= [=decem=], num. adv., _ten times_.

=decimus, a, um= [=decem=], num. adj., _Tenth_.

=dēcipiō=, see =capiō=.

=Decius, ī=, m., the name of a Roman gens. _(Metius) Decius_, Roman emperor 249-251 A.D. See =Mūs=.

=decorō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=decus=, _honor_], _to decorate_, _distinguish_.

=dēcrēvī=, see =dēcernō=.

=dēdecus, ōris= [=dē= + =decus=, _honor_], n., _disgrace_, _dishonor_.

=dēdicātiō, ōnis= [=dēdicō=, _to dedicate_], f., _a dedication_, _consecration_.

=dēdidī=, see =dēdō=.

=dēditiō, ōnis= [=dēdō=], f., _a surrender_.

=dēditus=, see =dēdō=.

=dēdō=, see =do=.

=dēdūcō=, see =dūcō=.

=dēfēcī=, see =dēficiō=.

=dēfendō, ere, fendī, fēnsus=, _to ward off_, _repel_; _defend_, _protect_.

=dēfēnsor, ōris= [=dēfendō=], m., _a defender_.

=dēferō=, see =ferō=.

=dēficiō=, see =faciō=.

=dēfōrmō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=dē= + =fōrma=], _to bring out of shape_, _deform_, _disfigure_, _spoil_, _mar_.

=dēfungor, fungī, fūnctus sum= [=dē= + =fungor=, _to perform_], _to perform_, _finish_.

=dēiciō=, see =*iaciō=.

=dein=, see =deinde=.

=deinceps= [=deinde= + =capiō=], adv., _one after the other_, _successively_; _next_, _moreover_.

=deinde or dein= [=dē= + =inde=], adv., a_fterwards_, _next_, _then_, _thereafter_.

=Dēiotarus, ī=, m., tetrarch of Galatia.

=dēlectō, āre, āvī, ātus= [freq. of =dēliciō=], _to delight_, _please_.

=dēleō, ēre, ēvī, ētus=, _to destroy_, _overthrow_, _ruin_.

=dēliciae, ārum=, pl. f., _delights_, _pleasure_, _luxury_.

=dēmergō=, see =mergō=.

=Dēmētrius, ī=, m., son of Philip V., king of Macedonia.

=dēminuō=, see =minuō=.

=dēmum=, adv., _at last_, _finally_; =tum dēmum=, _then at last_, _not till then_.

=dēnique=, adv., _at last_, _finally_; _briefly_, _in fine_.

=Dentātus, ī=, m., _M. Curius Dentātus_, consul 290 and 275 B.C.

=dēnūntiō=, see =nūntiō=.

=dēpōnō=, see =pōnō=.

=dēpopulor=, see =populō=.

=dēprāvō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=dē= + =prāvus=], _to distort_; _pervert_, _seduce_, _corrupt_, _deprave_.

=dēprecātiō, ōnis= [=dēprecor=], f., _warding off by prayer_; _supplication_, _intercession_.

=dēprecor, ārī, ātus sum= [=dē= + =precor=, _to ask_], _to plead against_, _plead_, _avert by prayer_; _decline_.

=dēprehendō=, see =*prehendō=.

=dēscrībō=, see =scrībō=.

=dēserō=, see =*serō=.

=dēsinō=, see =sinō=.

=dēspērātiō, ōnis= [=dēspērō=], f., _despair_, _desperation_.

=dēspērō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=dē + spērō=, _to hope_], _to give up hope_, _despair_.

=dēstituō=, see =*statuō=.

=dētegō, ere, tēxī, tēctus= [=dē= + =tegō=, _to cover_], _to uncover_, _disclose_, _betray_.

=dētergeō, ēre, tersī, tersus= [=dē= + =tergeō=, _to rub_], _to wipe off_, _remove_, _cleanse_, _empty_.

=dēterreō, ēre, uī, itus= [=dē= + =terreō=, _to terrify_], _to frighten away_, _deter_.

=dētestātiō, ōnis= [=dētestor=], f., _the invocation of a curse_; _deprecation_.

=dētestor, ārī, ātus sum= [=dē= + =testor=, _to cause to witness_], _to curse_, _execrate_; _avert_, _ward off_, _deprecate_.

=dētrahō=, see =trahō=.

=deus, ī=, m., _a god_, _divinity_.

=dēvincō=, see =vincō=.

=dexter, era, erum= and =tra, trum=, adj., _right_; _on the right hand_.

=diadēma, ātis=, n., _a royal head-dress_, _diadem_.

=Diadumenus, ī=, m., son of the emperor Macrinus.

(=diciō=), =ōnis=, f., _dominion_, _sovereignty_, _sway_, _rule_.

=dīcō, ere, dīxī, dictus=, _to say_, _speak_, _tell_; _assent_, _promise_; _appoint_, _call_. =contrā--contrādīcō, ere, dīxi, dictus=, _to contradict_, _oppose_. =in--indīcō, ere, dīxī, dictus=, _to proclaim_, _declare_; _appoint_.

=dictātor, ōris= [=dictō=, _to say often_], m., _a dictator_, a magistrate with supreme power, chosen at times of supreme peril.

=dictātūra, ae= [=dictātor=], f., _the office of dictator_, _dictatorship_.

=dictum, ī=, [=dīcō=], n., _a saying_, _remark_, _word_; _command_.

=dīdūcō=, see =dūcō=.

=diēs, ēī=, m., and sometimes in the sing. f., _day_, _time_.

=differō=, see =ferō=.

=difficiliter= [=dis= + =facilis=, _easy_], adv., comp. =difficilius=; with _difficulty_.

=diffīdō, ere, fīsus sum= [=dis= + =fīdō=, _to trust_], _to distrust_, _doubt_.

=diffugiō=, see =fugiō=.

=diffundō=, see =fundō=.

=dīgnitās, ātis= [=dīgnus=], f., _value_, _merit_; _rank_, _dignity_.

=dīgnor, ārī, ātus sum= [=dīgnus=], _to deem worthy_, _deign_, _condescend_.

=dīgnus, a, um=, adj., _worth_, _worthy_, _deserving_.

=dīligēns, tis= [=dīligō=], adj., _careful_, _diligent_, _attentive_; _sparing_; _fond of_.

=dīligentia, ae= [=dīligēns=], f., _diligence_, _activity_, _earnestness_.

=dīligō=, see =legō=.

=dīmicātiō, ōnis= [=dīmicō=], f., _a combat_, _struggle_.

=dīmicō, āre, āvi, ātus=, _to fight_.

=dīmidius, a, um= [=dis= + =medius=], adj., _half_; as subst., =dīmidium, ī=, n., _a half_.

=dīmittō=, see =mittō=.

=Dioclētiānus, ī=, m., _(Valerius) Dioclētiānus_, emperor 284-305 A.D.

=Diogenēs, is=, m., son of Archelaus, slain in the siege of Athens.

=dīripiō=, see =rapiō=.

=dīruō, ere, uī, utus= [=dis= + =ruō=, _to fall_], _to tear asunder_, _destroy_.

=dīs, dītis=, adj., sup. =dītissimus=; _rich_.

=disciplīna, ae= [=discō=, _to learn_], f., _learning_, _instruction_, _discipline_; _system_.

=dispertiō, īre, īvī, ītus= [=dis= + =partiō=, _to share_], _to distribute_, _divide_.

=displiceō=, see =placeō=.

=dispōnō=, see =pōnō=.

=dissimulātiō, ōnis= [=dissimulō=, _to make unlike_], f., _a disguising_, _dissembling_, _concealment_.

=dissolūtus, a, um= [part. of =dissolvō=, _to take apart_], adj., _lax_, _remiss_, _negligent_, _careless_.

=distrahō=, see =trahō=.

=distribuō=, see =tribuō=.

=dītō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=dīs=], _to make rich_, _enrich_.

=diū=, adv., comp. =diūtius=, sup. =diūtissimē=; _long_, _for a long time_; =quam diū=, _as long as_.

=diūturnitās, ātis= [=diūturnus=], f., _long continuance_, _length of time_.

=diūturnus, a, um= [=diū=], adj., _prolonged_.

=dīversus, a, um= [part. of =dīvertō=, _to turn aside_], adj., _scatter_, _separate_; _different_; _contrary_, _opposed to_.

=dīvidō, ere, vīsī, vīsus=, _to divide_, _separate_.

=dīvīnus, a, um= [=dīvus=], adj., _divine_, _sacred_.

=dīvīsor, ōris= [=dīvidō=], m., _one who distributes_, _an executor_.

=dīvitiae, ārum= [=dīves=, _rich_], pl. f., _wealth_, _riches_.

=dīvus, a, um=, adj., _divine_, _deified_; as subst., =Dīvus, ī=, m., _a god_. An epithet given to the Roman emperors after death.

=dō, dare, dedī, datus=, _to give_, _put_, _place_; _furnish_, _yield_; =dare negōtium=, _to commission_, _direct_; =dare in fugam=, _to put to flight_; =dare manūs=, _to yield_; =dare operam=, _to attend to_, _assist_; =dare poenās=, _to pay the penalty_; =dare verba=, _to deceive_. =ad--addō, dere, didī, ditus=, _to add_, _join to_. =con--condō, dere, didī, ditus=, _to put together_, _compose_, _build_, _found_; _conceal_. =dē--dēdō, dere, didī, ditus=, _to give up_, _surrender_; _devote_. =ex--ēdō, dere, didī, ditus=, _to put forth_, _show_, _elevate_; _bear_, _produce_. =in--indō, dere, didī, ditus=, _to put into_; _confer_, _apply_. =per--perdō, dere, didī, ditus=, _to lose_, _destroy_, _ruin_; _waste_. =prō--prōdō, dere, didī, ditus=, _to give or put forth_, _make known_; _hand down_; _betray_, _surrender_. =re--redō, dere, didī, ditus=, _to give back_, _return_; _render_. =trāns--trādō, dere, didī, ditus=, _to give over_, _give up_, _deliver_, _surrender_; _intrust_; _transmit_; =trāditur=, _it is said_.

=doceō, ēre, uī, tus=, _to teach_, _point out_.

=docilitās, ātis= [=docilis=, _teachable_], f., _teachableness_, _docility_.

=documentum, ī= [=doceō=], n., _a lesson_, _example_; _evidence_, _proof_.

=Dolābella, ae=, m., _Cn. Cornēlius Dolābella_, consul 159 B.C.

=doleō, ēre, luī, litūrus=, _to feel pain_; _grieve_.

=dolor, ōris= [=doleō=], m., _pain_, _sorrow_, _distress_, _vexation_.

=dolus, ī=, m., _fraud_, _guile_, _stratagem_.

=domesticus, a, um= [=domus=], adj., _private_, _domestic_; =domesticum bellum=, _civil war_.

=dominus, ī= [=domō=], m., _a master_, _lord_.

=Domitiānus, ī=, m., _T. Flavius Domitiānus_, Roman emperor 81-96 A.D.

=Domitius, ī=, m., a Roman family name. 1. _Cn. Domitius_, consul 32 B.C. 2. _L. Domitius_, a Roman general in the war with Sertorius. See =Calvīnus=.

=domō, āre, uī, itus=, _to tame_, _conquer_. =per--perdomō, āre, uī, itus=, _to subdue_, _vanquish_.

=domus, ūs=, f., _a house_, _home_; _household_; =domī, loc.=, _at home_.

=dōnō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to give_, _present_, _confer_.

=dōnum, ī=, n., _a gift_.

=Drusus, ī=, m., _Nerō Claudius Drusus_, son of Ti. Claudius Nero, and stepson of Augustus.

=dubiē= [=dubius=], adv., _doubtfully_, _uncertainly_.

=dubietās, ātis= [=dubius=], f., _doubt_, h_esitation_ (late).

=dubius, a, um=, adj., _doubtful_, _uncertain_.

=ducentī, ae, a= [=duo= + =centum=], adj., _two hundred_.

=dūcō, ere, dūxī, ductus=, _to lead_; _think_, _consider_; _protract_, _put off_; =uxōrem dūcere=, _to marry_; =vītam dūcere=, _to live_.

=ab--abdūcō, ere, dūxī, ductus=, _to lead away_, _withdraw_. =ad--addūcō, ere, dūxī, ductus=, _to lead to_, _bring_; _induce_, _influence_. =circum--circumdūcō, ere, dūxī, ductus=, _to lead around_, _draw around_, _surround_. =dē--dēdūcō, ere, dūxī, ductus=, _to lead_, _withdraw_; _induce_; _launch_, _disembark_. =dis--dīdūcō, ere, dūxī, ductus=, _to draw apart_, _separate_, _relax_. =ex--ēdūcō, ere, dūxī, ductus=, _to lead out_. =in--indūcō, ere, dūxī, ductus=, _to lead in_; _induce_; _put on_, _cover_. =prō--prōdūcō, ere, dūxī, ductus=, _to lead forward or out_; _prolong_. =re--redūcō, ere, dūxī, ductus=, _to lead back_; _draw back_; _remove_.

=ductus, ūs= [=dūcō=], m., _leadership_.

=Duilius, ī=, m., _C. Duilius_, consul 260 B.C., commander of the Roman fleet in the battle of Mylae, 260 B.C.

=dum=, conj., _while_, _until_.

=duo, ae, o=, num. adj., _two_.

=duodecim= [=duo= + =decem=], indecl. num. adj., _twelve_.

=duodecimus, a, um= [=duo= + =decimus=], num. adj., _twelfth_.

=duplex, icis= [=duo= + =plicō=, _to fold_], adj., _twofold_, _double_.

=duplicō, āre, āvi, ātus= [=duplex=], _to double_, _repeat_.

=dūrus, a, um=, adj., _hard_, _harsh_, _difficult_.

=dux, ducis= [=dūcō=], m., _a leader_, _guide_, _commander_.

E.

=ē=, see =ex=.

=Eborācum, ī=, n., a city in Britain, modern York.

=Edessa, ae=, f., a city in the western part of Mesopotamia.

=ēdictum, ī= [=ēdīcō=, _to make known_], n., _a proclamation_, _edict_.

=ēditiō, ōnis= [=ēdō=], f., _a statement_, _account_.

=ēdō=, see =dō=.

=ēdūcō=, see =dūcō=.

=efferō=, see =ferō=.

=efficiō=, see =faciō=.

=effringō=, see =frangō=.

=effugiō=, see =fugiō=.

=ego, meī=, pers. pron., _I_; pl. =nōs=, _we_.

=ēgredior=, see =*gradior=.

=ēgregiē= [=ēgregius=], adv., _excellently_, _exceedingly_, _strikingly_.

=ēgregius, a, um= [=ē= + =grex=, _herd_], adj., _select_, _distinguished_, _eminent_.

=ēiciō=, see =*iaciō=.

=ēlegāns, antis= [=ēlegō=, for =ēligō=], adj., _select_, _elegant_, _polite_.

=elementum, ī=, n., _a first principle_, _simple substance_; _rudiments_.

=elephantus, ī=, m., _elephant_.

=ēligō=, see =legō=.

=ēmineō, ēre, uī, --=, _to stand out_, _be conspicuous_.

=emō, ere, ēmī, ēmptus=, _to take_; _buy_, _purchase_; _gain_, _acquire_. =ad--adimō, ere, ēmī, ēmptus=, _to take away_, _destroy_, _deprive of_. =inter--interimō, ere, ēmī ēmptus=, _to take from the midst of_, _kill_. =per--perimō, ere, ēmī, ēmptus=, _to take away entirely_; _annihilate_, _destroy_. =re--redimō, ere, ēmī, ēmptus=, _to buy back_, _redeem_, _ransom_.

=ēmptor, ōris= [=emō=], m., _a buyer_, _purchaser_.

=enim=, conj., always postpositive, _namely_, _in fact_, _you know_, _for_, _because_.

=eō, īre, īvī (iī), itūrus=, _to go or come_, _march_. =ab--abeō, īre, īvī (iī), itūrus=, _to go away_, _depart_. =circum--circumeō, īre, īvī (iī), itus=, _to go around_, _surround_. =inter--intereō, īre, īvī (iī), itūrus=, _to perish_, _die_. =ob--obeō, īre, īvī (iī), itus=, _to go to meet_; _attend to_, _perform_; _die_, _perish_. =per--pereō, īre, īvi (iī), itūrus=, _to perish_, _disappear_, _die_. =re--redeō, īre, īvī (iī), itūrus=, _to go back_, _return_. =trāns--trānseō, īre, īvī (iī), itūrus=, _to go across_, _cross_; _pass through or by_; _desert_.

=eō= [=is=], adv., _for that reason_, _therefore_; _to that place_, _thither_; _to that degree_, _so far_.

=Ephesus, ī=, f., a Greek city near the coast of Asia Minor.

=Ēpīrus, ī=, f., a country on the Ionian Sea, northwest of Greece proper.

=epistola, ae=, f., _a letter_.

=epulae, ārum=, pl. f., _a banquet_, _feast_.

=eques, itis= [=equus=], m., _a horseman_, _knight_; pl. _cavalry_; =magister equitum=, _master of the horse_, _aid-de-camp of the dictator_.

=equitātus, ūs= [=equitō=, _to ride_], m., _cavalry_.

=equus, ī=, m., _a horse_.

=ērēctus, a, um= [orig. part. of =ērigō=], adj., _upright_, _erect_.

=ergō=, adv., expressing an inference, _now_, _then_, _therefore_.

=ēripiō=, see =rapiō=.

=errō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to wander_, _stray_, _rove_; _be in error_, _err_.

=ērudiō, īre, īvī (iī), ītus= [=ē= + =rudis=, _rough_], _to polish_, _educate_, _train_.

=ērudītiō, ōnis= [=ērudiō=], f., _a polishing_, _training_.

=ērumpō=, see =rumpō=.

=Ēsquilīnus, ī=, m. (sc. =collis=), _the Esquiline_, the largest of the seven hills of Rome.

=et=, conj., _and_, _also_, _even_, _and yet_; =et … et=, _both … and_.

=etenim=, conj., _for_, _for truly_, _and indeed_, _because_, _since_.

=etiam= [=et= + =iam=], conj., _also_, _even_.

=Eumenēs, is=, m., king of Pergamus, 197-159 B.C.

=Eumenia, ae=, f., a city in Phrygia.

=Euphrātēs, is=, dat. =Euphrātae=, p. 83, l. 22, m., _the Euphrates_, a river in Syria.

=Eutropius, ī=, m., see =Life=.

=Eurōpa, ae=, f., _Europe_.

=ēvādō=, see =*vādō=.

=ēvehō=, see =vehō=.

=ēveniō=, see =veniō=.

=ēventus, ūs= [=ēveniō=], m., _outcome_, _result_; _occurrence_, _event_.

=ēvertō=, see =*vertō=.

=ēvocō=, see =vocō=.

=ex= or =ē= (last never before vowels), prep. with abl.; of place, _out of_, _from_; of cause, _in consequence of_, _because of_; _according to_.

=exanimō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=ex= + =anima=], _to put out of breath_, _kill_; _weaken_.

=exārdēscō, ere, ārsī, ārsus= [=ex= + =ārdēscō=, _to take fire_], _to take fire_; _be angry_.

=exauctōrō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to discharge from service_, _release from the military oath_.

=excidium, ī=, n., _downfall_, _ruin_.

=excīdō=, see =caedō=.

=excipiō=, see =capiō=.

=excitō=, see =*citō=.

=exclūdō=, see =claudō=.

=exemplum, ī=, n., _a specimen_, _example_.

=exerceō=, see =*arceō=.

=exercitus, ūs= [=exerceō=], m., _an army_.

=exhauriō=, see =hauriō=.

=exhibeō=, see =habeō=.

=exigō=, see =agō=.

=exiguus, a, um= [=exigō=], adj., _small_, _scanty_.

=exīstimō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=ex= + =aestimō=, _to reckon_], _to compute_, _value_, _judge_, _think_, _estimate_, _believe_, _suppose_, _imagine_.

=exitiābilis, e= [=exitium=], adj., _destructive_, _deadly_.

=exitium, ī= [=exeō=], n., _destruction_, _ruin_.

=exitus, ūs= [=exeō=], m., _a going out_, _way of egress_; _result_.

=exōrdium, ī= [=ex= + =ōrdō=], n., _a beginning_.

=exōsus, a, um= [part. of =exodī=], adj., _hating_, _detesting_.

=expavēscō, ere, pāvī, --= [=ex= + =pavēscō=, incho. of =paveō=, _to become alarmed_], _to dread_, _fear greatly_ (rare).

=expedītiō, ōnis= [=expediō=, _to set fire_], f., _an expedition_, _campaign_.

=expellō=, see =pellō=.

=experior, īrī, pertus sum=, _to test_, _try_; _await_, _undergo_; _find, learn_.

=expers, tis= [=ex= + =pars=], adj., _having no part in_; _destitute of_, _devoid of_, _free from_, _without_.

=expleō=, see =*pleō=.

=explōrātor, ōris= [=explōrō=, _to search out_], m., _a scout_.

=exportō=, see =*portō=.

=expūgnō=, see =pūgnō=.

=exsecrābilis, e= [=exsecror=], adj., _accursed_.

=exsecrātiō, ōnis= [=exsecror=], f., _an execration_, _malediction_, _curse_.

=exsecror=, see =*sacrō=.

=exsequiae, ārum= [=exsequor=, _to follow out_], f., fun_eral procession_, _funeral_.

=exsilium, ī= [=exsul=, _a banished person_], n., _banishment_, _exile_.

=exsistō=, see =*sistō=.

=exspectātiō, ōnis= [=exspectō=], f., _expectation_, _anticipation_.

=exspectō=, see =spectō=.

=exstinguō, ere, stīnxī, stīnctus= [=ex= + =stinguō=, _to extinguish_], _to quench_, _kill_, _blot out_, _destroy_, _extinguish_, _put an end to_.

=exsulō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=exsul=, _a banished person_], _to be in exile_.

=externus, a, um= [=exter=, _outer_], adj., _external_, _foreign_, _strange_.

=extorqueō, ēre, torsī, tortus= [=ex= + =torqueō=, _to twist_], _to twist out_, _extort_.

=extrā= [=exter=, _outer_], adv., _on the outside_, _without_; prep. with acc., _outside of_, _beyond_.

=extrahō=, see =trahō=.

=extrīnsecus=, adv., _without_, _on the outside_; ＝ =praetereā=, _in addition_.

F.

=Fabius=, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. _Fabia familia_, the Fabian gens. _C. Fabius_, consul 477 B.C. _Q. Fabius_, the first Roman annalist. _C. Fabius Pictor_, consul 269 B.C. See =Licinius=, =Māximus=, =Vibulānus=.

=Fābricius, ī=, m., _(C.) Fābricius (Luscinus)_, a Roman statesman and general, prominent in the war with Pyrrhus; consul 283 and 278 B.C.

=facile= [=facilis=, _easy_], adv., comp. _facilius_; _easily_; _readily_.

=facilitās, ātis= [=facilis=, _easy_], f., _ease_, _kindliness_, _kindness_, _courtesy_.

=faciō, ere, fēcī, factus=, _to do_, _make_, _act_, _form_; _choose_, _appoint_; pass. =fīō, fierī, factus sum=, _to be done_, _occur_, _take place_, _happen_; =certiōrem facere=, _to inform_.

=ad--adficiō, ere, fēcī, fectus=, _to do something to_, _influence_; _treat_, _visit with_. =con--cōnficiō, ere, fēcī, fectus=, _to do thoroughly_, _complete_; _wear out_, _exhaust_; _prepare_, _collect_, _furnish_. =dē--dēficiō, ere, fēcī, fectus=, _to fail_, _desert_, _be wanting_; _revolt_. =ex--efficiō, ere, fēcī, fectus=, _to form_, _effect_; _accomplish_; _render_; _build_; _produce_. =inter--interficiō, ere, fēcī, fectus=, _to slay_, _kill_. =prae--praeficiō, ere, fēcī, fectus=, _to place in command of_, _appoint_.

=factiō, ōnis= [=faciō=], f., _a party_, poli_tical party_, _faction_.

=factum, ī= [=faciō=], n., _a deed_, _act_.

=fācundia, ae= [=fācundus=], f., _eloquence_, _oratory_.

=fācundus, a, um=, adj., _eloquent_.

=Faliscī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Falerium_, a town in Etruria, near Mount Soracte.

=falsō= [=falsus=, _false_], adv., _falsely_.

=fāma, ae= [=for=, _to speak_], f., _report_, _rumor_; _renown_, _honor_.

=Famea, ae=, m., the surname of Hamilco, commander of the Carthaginian cavalry in the third Punic war.

=famēs, is=, f., _hunger_, _starvation_.

=familia, ae= [=famulus=, _slave_], f., _the slaves in a household_; _family_, _household_; _race_, _estate_, _retinue_; =māter familiās= (old gen.), _mistress_, _matron_.

=familiāris, e= [=familia=], adj., _belonging to a family_, _private_, _intimate_, _friendly_; as subst., _an intimate friend_; =rēs familiārēs=, _property_.

=familiāritās, ātis= [=familiāris=], f., _intimacy_, _friendship_.

=famula, ae=, f., _a slave woman_.

=fastīgium, ī=, n., _top_, _height_; _slope_, _descent_; _rank_, _dignity_.

=fātāliter= [=fātālis=, _fatal_], adv., _fatally_, _according to fate_.

=fatīgātiō, ōnis= [=fatīgō=], f., _weariness_, _fatigue_.

=fatīgō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to tire_, _vex_; _test_.

=fātum, ī= [=for=, _to speak_], n., _an utterance_, _prophetic declaration_, _oracle_; _fate_, _destiny_.

=Fausta, ae=, f., _Flavia Māximiāna_, the daughter of Maximianus and wife of Constantine the Great.

=Faustīna, ae=, f., _Galēria Faustīna_ (called Junior to distinguish her from her mother), the daughter of Amira Galeria Faustina. She was the wife of M. Aurelius.

=Faustus, ī=, m., _L. Cornēlius Faustus_, son of the dictator Sulla.

=faveō, ēre, fāvī, fautūrus=, _to be favorable_, _favor_, _support_, _cherish_.

=favor, ōris= [=faveō=], m., _favor_, _good will_, _praise_.

=favōrābilis, e= [=favor=], adj., _favored_, _in favor_; _winning favor_, _pleasing_.

=Fēlīcissimus, ī=, m., the name of the director of the mint under the emperor Aurelian.

=fēlīcitās, ātis= [=fēlīx=], f., _good fortune_, _success_.

=fēlīciter= [=fēlīx=]=, adv., comp. =fēlicius=, sup. =fēlicissimē=; _luckily_, _happily_.

=fēlīx, īcis=, adj., _happy_, _successful_, _fortunate_.

=fēmina, ae=, f., _a woman_, _female_.

=fera, ae= [=ferus=], f., _a wild beast_.

=ferculum, ī= [=ferō=], n., _a means of carrying_, _a frame_, _barrow_, _litter_.

=ferē=, adv., _almost_, _nearly_, _for the most part_, _usually_; _about_; with neg., _hardly_, _scarcely_.

=fēriātus, a, um= [=fēriae=, _days of rest_], adj., _keeping holidays_, _idle_; _festive_.

=fermē= [for =ferimē=, sup. of =ferē=], adv., _almost_, _about_ (especially of numbers).

=ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus=, _to bear_, _lift_; _endure_; _bring_, _receive_, _report_; _drive_, _blow_ (of the wind); pass., _to rush_; _enter_; =sīgna ferre=, _to advance_; =fertur=, _is said_; =ferre sententiam=, _to judge_.

=ab--auferō, ferre, abstulī, ablātus=, _to take_ or _carry away_, _remove_. =ad--adferō, ferre, attulī, adlātus=, _to bring_, _present_, _produce_, _affirm_; _carry word_. =circum--circumferō, ferre, tulī, lātus=, _to cast around_, _go around_. =con--cōnferō, ferre, tulī, lātus=, _to bring together_, _collect_; _convey_; _impute_; _compare_; =sē cōnferre=, _betake one’s self_, _go_. =dē--dēferō, ferre, tulī, lātus=, _to bring down_, _bring_; _report_, _inform_; _assign_, _confer upon_; _offer_; _accuse_; =rem dēferre ad populum=, _to submit a matter to the people_. =dis--differō, ferre, distulī, dīlātus=, _to carry asunder_, _scatter_; _postpone_; _delay_; _differ_. =ex--efferō, ferre, extulī, ēlātus=, _to carry out or away_; _spread abroad_; _raise_, _elate_; _bury_. =in--īnferō, ferre, intulī, inlātus=, _to bring in or upon_; _introduce_; _throw_; _inflict_; _make_, _produce_; _inspire_; =bellum īnferre=, _to wage_ (offensive) _war_; =sīgna īnferre=, _to advance against_; =sē īnferre=, _to betake one’s self_. =ob--offerō, ferre, obtulī, oblātus=, _to bring before_, _offer_; _promise_; _expose_. =per--perferō, ferre, tulī, lātus=, _to carry through_; _convey_, _report_; _endure_. =prae--praeferō, ferre, tulī, lātus=, _to carry before_; _put before_, _prefer_. =re--referō, ferre, rettulī, lātus=, _to bring back_; _report_, _relate_; =pedem referre=, _retreat_; =grātiam referre=, _make return_, _requite_. =trāns--trānsferō, ferre, tulī, lātus=, _to bear or take over or across_; _transport_, _transfer_.

=ferōcia, ae= [=ferōx=, _fierce_], f., _fierceness_, _courage_, _cruelty_.

=ferrātus, a, um= [=ferrum=], adj., _furnished with iron_, _ironed_; =mīlitēs ferrātī=, _cuirassiers_.

=ferrum, ī=, n., _iron_; _sword_, _spear_.

=ferus, a, um=, adj., _wild_, _barbarous_, _cruel_.

=festīnō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to hasten_.

=fēstus, a, um=, adj., _festive_; =diēs fēstus=, _feast day_.

=fētor, ōris=, m., _an offensive smell_.

=fīctus, a, um= [=fingō=, to form], adj., _false_, _fictitious_.

=Fīdēnae, ārum=, pl. f., an ancient town in the country of the Sabines, five miles north of Rome.

=Fīdēnātēs, um=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Fīdēnae_.

=fidēs, ēī=, f., _good faith_, _loyalty_; _promise_; _alliance_; _trust_.

=fīdus, a, um=, adj., _trusty_, _faithful_.

=fīlia, ae=, f., _daughter_.

=fīlius, ī=, m., _son_.

=fīniō, īre, īvī, ītus= [=fīnis=], _to bound_, _limit_; _end_, _finish_.

=fīnis, is=, m., _a limit_, _boundary_; _end_, _purpose_; pl., _territory_, _country_.

=finitimus, a, um= [=fīnis=], adj., _bordering_, _neighboring_; as subst., =fīnitimī, ōrum=, pl. m., _neighbors_.

=fīō, fierī, factus sum=, see =faciō=.

=fīrmus, a, um=, adj., _strong_, _powerful_; _trusty_.

=fiscus, ī=, m., a _purse_; _treasury_.

=Flaccus, ī=, m., 1. _(M.) Fulvius Flaccus_, consul 264 B.C. 2. _Q. Fulvius (Flaccus)_, consul 237 B.C.

=flāgitiōsus, a, um= [=flagitium=, _a crime_], adj., _shameful_, _disgraceful_, _infamous_.

=Flāminīnus, i=, m., _T. Quīntius Flāminīnus_, consul 123 B.C.

=Flāminius, i=, m., _(C.) Flaminius (Nepos)_, consul 223 and 217 B.C.

=fleō, ere, flēvī, flētus=, _to weep_.

=flētus, ūs= [=fleō=], m., _weeping_, _entreaties_; _tears_.

=*flīgō, ere, flīxī, flīctus=, _to strike_ (ante-classical). =ad--adflīgō, ere, flīxī, flīctus=, _to dash against_, _scatter_, _ruin_. =con--cōnflīgō, ere, flīxī, flīctus=, _to strike together_; _contend_, _fight_. =prō--prōflīgō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to rout_, _overthrow_.

=flōreō, ēre, uī, --=[=flōs=, _a flower_], _to bloom_, _flourish_, _prosper_.

=Flōriānus, ī=, m., _(M. Annius) Floriānus_, the brother of the emperor Tacitus, upon whose death he was proclaimed emperor at Rome, 276 A.D.

=Flōrus, ī=, m., _C. Aquīlius Flōrus_, consul with L. Scipio, 259 B.C.

=flūmen, inis= [=fluō=], n., _a stream_, _river_.

=fluō, ere, fluxī, fluxus=, _to flow_. =con--cōnfluō, ere, fluxī, --=, _to run together_, _crowd_, _throng_.

=fluvius, ī= [=fluō=], m., _a river_.

=foedō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=foedus=], _to make foul_, _pollute_; _dishonor_.

=foedus, a, um=, adj., _foul_, _unseemly_.

=foedus, eris=, n., _a treaty_, _alliance_, _league_.

=forem, ēs, et=, etc., see =sum=.

=fōrma, ae=, f., _form_, _figure_, _beauty_.

=fortis, e=, adj., _brave_, _strong_.

=fortitūdō, inis= [=fortis=], f., _courage_, _bravery_.

=fortuītus, a, um= [=fors=, _chance_], adj., _causal_, _accidental_ (rare).

=fortūna, ae= [=fors=, _chance_], f., _luck_, _fortune_; _state_, _property_.

=fortūnātus, a, um= [=fortūna=], adj., _lucky_, _fortunate_.

=forum, ī= (cf. =forīs=, _out of doors_), n., _an out of doors place_, _market_, _Forum_; esp., the Forum Romanum between the Capitoline and the Palatine hills. It was the center of the political, religious, and business life of Rome.

=fossa, ae= [=fodiō=, _to dig_], f., _a ditch_, _pit_, _moat_.

=Francī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the Francī_, _i.e._ “the Freemen,” a confederacy of German tribes on the lower Rhine.

=frangō, ere, frēgī, frāctus=, _to break_; _wreck_, _subdue_, _tire out_. =ex--effringō, ere, frēgī, frāctus=, _to break off_, _break open_. =in--īnfringō, ere, frēgī, frāctus=, _to break off_; _subdue_, _overcome_.

=frāter, tris=, m., _a brother_.

=frāternus, a, um= [=frāter=], adj., _brother’s_, _brotherly_.

=fraus, fraudis=, f., _foul play_; _treachery_.

=frequēns, entis=, adj., _crowded_, _frequent_; _in great numbers_.

=frequenter= [=frequēns=], adv., _often_.

=frequentō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=frequēns=], _to visit repeatedly_; _frequent_; _throng_.

=frīgidus, a, um= [=frīgeō=, _to be cold_], adj., _cold_.

=frīgus, oris=, n., _cold_.

=Frontō, ōnis=, m., _(M. Cornēlius) Frontō_, a celebrated teacher of rhetoric during the reign of Hadrian.

=frūmentum, ī= [=fruor=, _to enjoy_], n., _grain_, _corn_; pl., _crops_.

=frūstrā=, adv., _in vain_.

=fuga, ae=, f., _flight_.

=fugiō, ere, fūgī, --=, _to flee_; _avoid_, _escape_. =con--cōnfugiō, ere, fūgī, --=, _to flee_, _take refuge_. =dis--diffugiō, ere, fūgī, --=, _to flee apart_, _scatter_. =ex--effugiō, ere, fūgī, --=, _to flee from_, _escape_. =prō--profugiō, ere, fūgī, --=, _to flee_, _escape_. =re--refugiō, ere, fūgī, --=, _to flee back_, _escape_.

=fugō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=fugiō=], _to put to flight_, _rout_.

=fulgeō, ēre, fulsī, --=, _to flash_, _gleam_.

=fulmen, inis= [=fulgeō=], n., _lightning_, _thunderbolt_.

=Fulvius, ī=, m., the name of a Roman gens. See =Centumalus=, =Flaccus=, =Nōbiliōr=.

=fundō, ere, fūdī, fūsus=, _to pour_, _shed_; _rout_, _vanquish_. =con--cōnfundō, ere, fūdī, fūsus=, _to pour together_, _mingle_, _unite_, _confuse_. =dis--diffundō, ere, fūdī, fūsus=, _to spread out_, _extend_, _stretch_.

=fūnestus, a, um= [=fūnus=], adj., _causing death_, _deadly_, _destructive_.

=fūnis, is=, f., _a rope_, _cable_.

=fūnus, eris=, n., _burial_, _funeral rites_; _corpse_.

=furca, ae=, f., _a two pronged fork_; _yoke_.

=furcula, ae= [=furca=], f., _a forked prop_; pl., _a narrow pass_.

=Fūrius, ī=, m., the name of a Roman gens. _C. Fūrius Placidus_, consul 251 B.C. See =Camillus=.

=Fuscus, ī=, m., _Cornēlius Fuscus_, one of the most active adherents of Vespasian in his contest for the empire.

=futūrus=, see =sum=.

G.

=Gabiī, ōrum=, pl. m., an ancient town in Latium, east of Rome.

=Galatia, ae=, f., a province of Asia Minor settled by Gallic tribes in the third century B.C.

=Galba, ae=, m., _Servius (Sulpīcius) Galba_, Roman emperor 68-69 A.D.

=Gālerius, ī=, m., see =Māximiānus=.

=Gallia, ae=, f., the country of the Gauls; modern France and the territories on the west bank of the Rhine. The northern part of Italy was settled by Gauls, and was called _Gallia Cisalpina_; hence the pl. =Galliae=.

=Galliēnus, ī=, m. _(P. Licinius Valeriānus Egnatius) Galliēnus_, Roman emperor 260-268 A.D.

=Gallus, ī=, m., 1. _C. (Cn.) Cornēlius Gallus_, governor of Egypt under Augustus. 2. _Gallus Hostīliānus_, Roman emperor 251-253 A.D.

=Gallus, a, um=, adj., _pertaining to Gaul_; =Gallī, ōrum=, pl. m., the Gauls.

=gaudium, ī= [=gaudeō=, _to rejoice_], n., _joy_.

=gaza, ae=, f., _treasure_, _riches_.

=geminus, a, um=, adj., _twin_, _twofold_; as subst., =geminī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the twins_.

=gemma, ae=, f., _a bud_; _gem_, _precious stone_.

=gener, erī=, m., _a son-in-law_.

=genitūra, ae=, f., _hour of birth_; _nativity_.

=gēns, gentis=, f., _a gens_ or _clan_; _tribe_, _people_, _nation_.

=Gentius, ī=, m., a king of the Illyrians.

=Genucius, ī=, m., _L. Genucius_, consul 365 B.C.

=genus, generis=, n., _race_, _family_, _stock_, _birth_; _kind_, _class_, _sort_.

=Germānī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the Germans_.

=Germānia, ae=, f., _Germany_.

=Germāniciānus, a, um=, adj., _stationed or serving in Germany_ (late).

=gerō, ere, gessī, gestus=, _to bear_, _carry_; _perform_, _do_, _carry out_; _wage_; =sē gerere=, _to conduct one’s self_, _behave_; =rem pūblicam gerere=, _to administer the state_; =rēs gestae=, _exploits_, _history_.

=con--congerō, ere, gessī, gestus=, _to bring together_, _collect_.

=Geta, ae=, m., _Septimius Geta_, brother of Caracalla, by whom he was assassinated, 212 A.D.

=Glabriō, ōnis=, m., _M. Acilius Glabriō_, consul 191 B.C.

=gladiātor, ōris= [=gladius=], m., _a gladiator_.

=gladiātōrius, a, um= [=gladiātor=], adj., _pertaining to a gladiator_, _gladiatorial_.

=gladius, ī=, m., _a sword_.

=glōria, ae=, f., _glory_, _honor_, _fame_.

=glōriōsē= [=glōria=], adv., _gloriously_.

=Gordiānus, ī=, m., _(M. Antōnius) Gordiānus_, the name of three Roman emperors, father, son, and grandson, 237-244 A.D. 1. _Gordiānus_, senior. 2. _Gordiānus Augustus_, son of (1). 3. _Gordiānus Augustus_, son of (2).

=Gothī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the Goths_, a Germanic people.

=Gracchus, ī=, m., a family name in the Sempronian gens at Rome. _Ti. Semprōnius Gracchus_, consul 218 B.C. See Notes, p. 124.

=*gradior, gradī, gressus sum=, _to step_, _walk_. =ad--aggredior, gredī, gressus sum=, _to approach_, _attack_, _undertake_. =con--congredior, gredī, gressus= =sum=, _to come together_, _unite with_, _engage_, _attack_. =ē--ēgredior, gredī, gressus sum=, _to go out_, _leave_, _disembark_; _surpass_. =in--ingredior, gredī, gressus sum=, _to enter_. =prō--prōgredior, gredī, gressus sum=, _to advance_, _proceed_. =re--regredior, gredī, gressus sum=, _to step back_, _retreat_, _return_. =trāns--trānsgredior, gredī, gressus sum=, _to step over_ or _across_, _cross_.

=Graecē=, adv., _in the Greek language_, _in Greek_.

=Graecia, ae=, f., _Greece_.

=Graecus, a, um=, adj., _Grecian_, _Greek_; as subst., =Graecī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the Greeks_.

=grandaevus, a, um= [=grandis= + =aevum=, _age_], adj., _aged_.

=grandis, e=, adj., _large_, _grand_.

=grātia, ae= [=grātus=], f., _favor_, _regard_; _return_, _acknowledge_; _friendship_, _love_, _popularity_, _influence_; =grātiae, ārum=, pl. f., _thanks_; =grātiā=, with preceding gen., _frequent in expressions of purpose_, _for the sake of_.

=grātus, a, um=, adj., _welcome_, _pleasing_, _grateful_.

=gravis, e=, adj., _heavy_, _hard_, _severe_; _important_, _grave_; _troublesome_, _grievous_.

=graviter= [=gravis=], adv., comp. =gravius=, sup. =gravissimē=; _weightily_, _vigorously_, _seriously_, _with dignity_.

H.

=habēna, ae= [=habeō=], f., _a holder_, _halter_, _rein_; only in pl., _the reins_, _direction_, _management_, _government_.

=habeō, ēre, uī, itus=, _to have_, _hold_, _possess_, _keep_; _regard_, _consider_; _render_ (honor); =habēre sē=, _to be_.

=dē--dēbeō, ēre, uī, itus=, _to owe_, _ought_; pass., _be due_; =dēbet, dēbuit=, inf., _ought_. =ex--exhibeō, ēre, uī, itus=, _to hold forth_, _show_, _display_; _furnish_, _procure_. =prae--praebeō, ēre, uī, itus=, _to hold in front_, _offer_, _furnish_, _exhibit_.

=habitō, āre, āvī, ātus= [freq. of =habeō=], _to dwell_, _inhabit_, _live_.

=habitus, ūs= [=habeō=], m., _state_, _condition_; _habit_, _manner_; _dress_.

=Hadriānus, ī=, m., _(P.) Aelius Hadriānus_, Roman emperor 117-138 A.D.

=Haemus, ī=, m., a lofty range of mountains separating Thrace and Moesia.

=Hamilcar, aris=, m., a Carthaginian general in the first Punic war.

=Hannibal, alis=, m., the son of Hamilcar Barca, the great general of the Carthaginians in the second Punic war.

=Hannō, ōnis=, m., 1. A Carthaginian general in the second Punic war, taken captive in Sicily 210 B.C. 2. A Carthaginian general in the second Punic war, defeated by Scipio 203 B.C.

=Hasdrubal, alis=, m., 1. Surnamed Calvus, “the Bald,” commander of the Carthaginian expedition to Sardinia in the second Punic war 215 B.C. 2. Brother of Hannibal, defeated and slain at the battle of the Metaurus 207 B.C. 3. The leader of the Carthaginians in the third Punic war 149-146 B.C.

=haud=, adv., _by no means_, _not at all_, _not_.

=hauriō, īre, hausī, haustus=, _to drink_. =ex--exhauriō, īre, hausī, haustus=, _to take out_, _empty out_, _exhaust_.

=Helena, ae=, f., the name of a Roman camp in Spain where Constans died.

=Heliogabalus, ī=, m., see =Antōnīnus=.

=Helvētiī, ōrum=, pl. m., a Celtic tribe living north of Lake Geneva in modern Switzerland.

=Hēraclēa, ae=, f., a city in Thrace on the Propontis.

=Herculius, ī=, m., a cognomen of Maximianus.

=Hērennius, ī=, m., _T. Hērennius (Pontius)_, leader of the Samnites in the Marsic war.

=hērēs, ēdis=, m., _an heir_.

=Hibērī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Hibēria_.

=Hibēria, ae=, f., a country of Asia.

=hīc, haec, hōc=, dem. pron., _this_; _he_, _she_, it; _the following_; _the latter_.

=hiems, hiemis=, f., _winter_; _storm_.

=Hiempsal, alis=, m., son of Micipsa, king of Numidia, was murdered by Jugurtha.

=Hierda, ae=, m., king of Mauretania.

=Hierius, ī=, m., _Hierius Asinius_, leader of the Samnites in the Marsic war.

=Hierō, ōnis=, m., king of Syracuse, an ally of the Romans.

=Hierosolyma, ōrum=, pl. n., _Jerusalem_.

=hinc= [=hīc=], adv., _from this place_ or _time_, _hence_.

=Hīrtius, ī=, m., _(A.) Hirtius_, friend of Caesar; consul 43 B.C.

=Hirtulēius, ī=, m., a distinguished general of Sertorius in Spain.

=Hispānia, ae=, f., _Spain_ (including Portugal). It was divided into two provinces, Hispania Citerior and Ulterior; hence the pl. =Hispaniae=.

=Hispānus, a, um=, adj., _Spanish_; as subst., =Hispānus, ī=, m., _a Spaniard_.

=historia, ae=, f., _history_, _account_, _story_.

=historicus, ī=, m., _an historian_.

=Hister, trī=, f., a town in Lower Moesia.

=Histrī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Histria_, a peninsula in the northern extremity of the Adriatic Sea.

=hodiē= [=hōc= + =diē=], adv., _to-day_.

=homō, hominis=, m. and f., _a human being_; _man_, _mankind_.

=honestās, ātis= [=honestus=], f., _honor_, _virtue_.

=honestus, a, um= [=honor=], adj., _honorable_, _upright_, _noble_, _illustrious_.

=honor, ōri=, m., _honor_, _respect_, _esteem_; _public office_.

=honōrificē= [=honōrificus=, _conferring honor_], adv., _with honor_, _honorably_.

=honōrō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=honor=], _to honor_, _respect_, _adorn_; _celebrate_.

=hōra, ae=, f., _hour_, the twelfth part of the day (sunrise to sunset) or night.

=Horātius, ī=, m., the name of a Roman gens. See =Pulvillus=.

=Hormisda, ae=, m., king of Persia, 303-310 A.D.

=horror, ōris=, m., _dread_, _terror_, _horror_.

=hortus, ī=, m., _garden_, _orchard_, _park_.

=Hostīliānus, ī=, m., see =Gallus=.

=hostīlis, e= [=hostis=], adj., _hostile_.

=Hostīlius, ī=, m., _Tullus Hostīlius_, the third king of Rome, 672-640 B.C. See =Mancīnus=.

=hostis, is=, m., _an enemy_, _foe_.

=hūiusmodī= [=hīc= + =modus=], adv., _of this_ (_i.e._ the following) _kind_.

=hūmānus, a, um= [=homo=], adj., _human_; _refined_, _civilized_; _humane_.

=humerus, ī=, m., _the shoulder_.

=humiliter= [=humus=, _the ground_], adv., _basely_, _meanly_, _abjectly_, _humbly_.

I.

=iaceō, ēre, uī, --=, _to lie_, _lie dead_.

=*iaciō, ere, iēcī, iactus=, _to throw_, _cast_, _hurl_; _throw up_, _construct_. =ad--adiciō, ere, iēcī, iectus=, _to throw to_, _fling_; _add_. =con--cōniciō, icere, coniēcī, coniectus=, _to throw together_, _unite_; _hurl_, _throw_; _conjecture_. =dē--dēiciō, icere, iēcī, iectus=, _to throw_ or _hurl down_, _bring down_; _lay low_, _dislodge_, _destroy_. =ex--ēiciō, icere, iēcī, iectus=, _to cast_ or _drive out_, _expel_. =inter--intericiō, icere, iēcī, iectus=, _to throw_ or _place between_, _interpose_; _intervene_ (in pass.). =ob--obiciō, icere, iēcī, iectus=, _to throw before_, _put in the way of_; _put in the hands of_; _expose_. =sub--subiciō, icere, iēcī, iectus=, _to throw_ or _place under_; _hand up_; _present_; _subdue_. =trāns--trāiciō, icere, iēcī, iectus=, _to throw_ or _carry across_, _transport_; _pierce_, _penetrate_, _transfix_; _go_ or _pass over_, _cross_.

=iam=, adv., _now_, _already_, _at once_.

=Iāniculum, ī=, n., _Janiculum_, a hill on the west bank of the Tiber.

=Iānus, ī=, m., _Janus_, an old Latin divinity, who presided over the beginnings of all things; commonly represented with two faces.

=ibi=, adv., _there_; _thereupon_, _then_.

=ibīdem= [=ibi=], adv., _in the same place_, _just there_.

=icō, ere, īcī, ictus=, _to strike_, _smite_; =foedus icere=, _to strike_ (conclude) _a treaty_ (rare).

=ictus, ūs= [=icō=], m., _a blow_, _stroke_, _wound_.

=idcircō= [=id= + abl. of =circus=], adv., _on that account_, _therefore_.

=īdem, eadem, idem=, dem. pron., _the same_; often best rendered by an adv., _also_, _too_, _besides_.

=idōneus, a, um=, adj., _suitable_, _fit_; _capable_.

=Īdūs, uum=, pl. f., _the Ides_; the fifteenth of March, May, July, and October, and the thirteenth of other months.

=igitur=, adv., _then_, _therefore_, _accordingly_.

=ignāvē= [=ignāvus=], adv., _sluggishly_, _slothfully_, _without spirit_.

=ignāvia, ae= [=ignāvus=], f., _idleness_, _sloth_; _cowardice_, _baseness_.

=ignāvus, a, um=, adj., _inactive_, _lazy_, _slothful_; _cowardly_, _dastardly_.

=īgnis, is=, m., _fire_.

=ignōbilis, e= [=in= + =(g)nōbilis=], adj., _unknown_, _unrenowned_, _obscure_; _base_, _ignoble_.

=ignōbiliter= [=ignōbilis=], adv., _meanly_ (late Latin).

=ignōminia, ae= [=in= + =(g)nōmen=], f., _disgrace_, _dishonor_, _ignominy_.

=ignōminiōse= [=ignōminiōsus=, _disgraceful_], adv., _ignominiously_, _disgracefully_.

=ignōrō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=ignārus=, _ignorant_], _to be ignorant_, _not to know_, _overlook_.

=ille, illa, illud=, dem. pron., _that_; _he_, _she_, _it_; _the former_.

=illīc= [=ille=], adv., _there_, _in that place_.

=illūstris, e=, adj., _clear_, _distinguished_, _glorious_.

=Īllyricum, ī=, n., a country east of the Adriatic Sea.

=Īllyriī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Illyricum_.

=imāgō, inis=, f., _likeness_, _semblance_, _image_; _statue_.

=imitātiō, ōnis= [=imitor=], f., _a copying_, _imitation_.

=imitor, ārī, ātus sum=, _to imitate_.

=immānis, e=, adj., _huge_, _immense_.

=immemor, oris= [=in= + =memor=], adj., _unmindful_, _careless_.

=immeritō= [=immeritus=, _undeserved_], adv., _unjustly_, _undeservedly_.

=immineō, ēre, uī, --=, _to overhang_, _threaten_.

=immodicus, a, um= [=in= + =modus=], adj., _beyond bounds_, _enormous_, _high_; _excessive_.

=immūnitās, ātis= [=in= + =munus=, _burden_], f., _freedom from public duties_, _immunity_.

=impār, paris= [=in= + =pār=], adj., _unequal_.

=impatiēns, entis= [=in= + =patiēns=], adj., _impatient_; _intolerant_, _impetuous_.

=impatientia, ae= [=impatiēns=], f., _impatience_.

=impellō=, see =pellō=.

=imperātōr, ōris= [=imperō=], m., _commander-in-chief_, _general_, _emperor_.

=imperium, ī= [=imperō=], n., _command_, _control_, _government_, _military authority_; _sovereignty_, _empire_.

=imperō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to rule_, _command_; _order_, _levy_; _to be emperor_.

=impetrō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to procure_, _gain_; _accomplish_, _bring to pass_; _succeed_.

=impetus, ūs= [=in= + =petō=], m., _an attack_; _violence_, _vehemence_.

=impleō=, see =*pleō=.

=impōnō=, see =pōnō=.

=improbō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=improbus=], _to disprove_, _blame_, _censure_; _reject_.

=improbus, a, um= [=in + probus=, _upright_], adj., _wicked_, _outrageous_.

=imprōsper, spera, sperum= [=in= + =prōsperus=, _fortunate_], adj., _unfortunate_, _unprosperous_.

=imprūdēns, entis= [=in= + =prūdens=, _foreseeing_], adj., _not foreseeing_, _imprudent_, _off guard_.

=impudīcē= [=impudīcus=, _shameless_], adv., _unchastely_.

=impulsor, ōris= [=impellō=], m., _one who incites_, _instigator_.

=in=, prep. with acc., of place, _into_, _to_, _on_, _upon_, _towards_, _against_; of purpose, _for_, _with a view to_; of other relations, _respecting_, _according to_; =in diēs=, _day by day_; with abl., of place, _in_, _on_, _upon_, _in the midst of_, _among_; of time, _in_, _in the course of_, _during_; of other relations, _in the midst of_, _in the case of_, _respecting_, _according to_.

=incēdō=, see =cēdō=.

=incendō, ere, cendī, cēnsus= [=in= + =candeō=, to _shine_], _to set on fire_, _burn_; _excite_.

=incidō=, see =cadō=.

=incīvīlis, e= [=in= + =cīvīlis=], adj., _rude_, _uncivil_.

=inclutus, a, um=, adj., _famous_.

=incognitus, a, um= [=in= + =cognōscō=], adj., _unknown_.

=incolō=, see =colō=.

=incolumis, e=, adj., _safe_, _unharmed_.

=incommodus, a, um= [=in= + =commodus=], adj., _inconvenient_, _unsuitable_, _unfit_.

=incōnsultē= [=incōnsultus=, _not asked_], adv., _unadvisedly_, _inconsiderately_.

=incrēmentum, ī= [=incrēscō=, _to increase_], n., _growth_, _increase_.

=inde=, adv., _from that place_, _thence_; _next_, _then_.

=Indī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the people of India_.

=India, ae=, f., _India_, modern Hindustan.

=indīcō=, see =dīcō=.

=indigeō, ēre, uī, --= [=in= + =egeō=], _to be poor_, _to have need of_, _want_.

=indiscrētus, a, um= [=in= + =discernō=, _to distinguish_], adj., _undistinguishable_; _without distinction of rank_.

=indō=, see =dō=.

=indolēs, is=, f., _nature_, _disposition_.

=indūcō=, see =dūcō=.

=indulgeō, ēre, dulsī, dultus=, _to be complaisant_; _be kind_, _be tender_; _yield_, _grant_, _spare_; _bestow_, _confer_.

=industria, ae=, f., _industry_, _diligence_; _ability_.

=indūtiae, ārum=, pl. f., _truce_, _armistice_.

=iners, ertis= [=in= + =ars=], adj., _unskillful_, _idle_, _effeminate_.

=īnfāmis, e= [=in= + =fāma=], adj., _infamous_.

=īnfantia, ae= [=in= + =for=, _to speak_], f., _infancy_.

=īnfēlīcitās, ātis= [=īnfēlis=, _unfortunate_], f., _ill-luck_, _misfortune_.

=īnferior, ius= (comp. of =īnferus=), adj., _lower_, _inferior_.

=īnferō=, see =ferō=.

=īnfēstō, āre, --, --= [=īnfēstus=, _hostile_], _to attack_, _molest_, _infest_.

=īnfīdus, a, um= [=in= + =fīdus=], adj., _not to be trusted_, _faithless_, _treacherous_, _false_.

=īnfīnītus, a, um= [=in= + =fīniō=], adj., _unbounded_, _vast_, _enormous_; _numberless_; as subst., =īnfīnītum, ī=, n., _a large amount_, _a large number_.

=īnfringō=, see =frangō=.

=ingenium, ī=, n., _disposition_, _ability_, _nature_, _wit_.

=ingēns, entis=, adj., _large_, _huge_, _great_.

=Ingenuus, ī=, m., one of the Thirty Tyrants; defeated and slain by Gallienus.

=ingluviēs, --=, acc. =em=, abl. =ē=, f., _the crop_, _maw_; _gluttony_.

=ingravēscō, ere, --, --=, _to be burdensome_, _be wearied_; _increase_, _grow worse_.

=ingredior=, see =*gradior=.

=ingruō, ere, uī, --=, _to break in_; _assault in force_.

=inhonōrus, a, um=, adj., _unsightly_.

=inimīcitia, ae= [=inimīcus=, _unfriendly_], f., _enmity_.

=initium, ī= [=ineō=], n., _a beginning_.

=iniūcundus, a, um= [=in= + =iūcundus=], adj., _unpleasant_, _disagreeable_.

=iniūria, ae= [=in= + =iūs=], f., _wrong_, _injustice_, _violence_, _injury_.

=iniūstē= [=iniūstus=], adv., _unjustly_.

=iniūstus, a, um= [=in= + =iūstus=], adj., _unjust_.

=innoxius, a, um=, adj., _harmless_; _not guilty_, _blameless_, _innocent_.

=innumerus, a, um= [=in= + =numerus=], adj., _countless_.

=inopia, ae= [=inops=, _needy_], f., _want_, _scarcity_, _poverty_.

=inquinō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to stain_, _defile_; _dishonor_.

=inritus, a, um= [=in= + =ratus=], adj., _undecided_, _unsettled_; _void_, _of no effect_.

=inrumpō=, see =rumpō=.

=īnsatiābilis, e= [=in= + =satur=, _full_], adj., _unsating_, _not cloying_.

=īnsectātor, ōris=, m., _a persecutor_.

=īnsequor=, see =sequor=.

=īnserō=, see =*serō=.

=īnsidiae, ārum= [=īnsideō=, _to sit upon_], pl. f., _ambush_; _treachery_.

=īnsīgne, is= [=īnsīgnis=], n., _a sign_, _badge_, _ornament_.

=īnsīgnis, e= [=in= + =sīgnum=], adj., _remarkable_, _distinguished_.

=īnsīgniter= [=īnsīgnis=], adv., _remarkably_, _extraordinarily_.

=īnsolēns, entis= [=in= + =soleō=], adj., _unusual_; _haughty_, _insolent_.

=īnsolentia, ae= [=īnsolēns=], f., _unusualness_; _haughtiness_, _arrogance_, _insolence_.

=īnsolentius= (comp. of =īnsolenter=), adv., _too haughtily_, _insolently_.

=īnstituō=, see =*statuō=.

=īnstō=, see =stō=.

=īnstrūmentum, ī= [=īnstruō=], n., _tool_; collectively, _stock of tools_, _plant_.

=īnstruō, ere, strūxī, strūctus= [=in= + =struō=, _to pile up_], _to build_; _arrange_, _draw up_ or _array_ (troops); _make ready_, _equip_, _fit out_.

=īnsula, ae=, f., _an island_.

=īnsulsē= [=īnsulsus=, _without taste_], adv., _tastelessly_, _insipidly_; _foolishly_, _absurdly_.

=insum=, see =sum=.

=integer, gra, grum= [=in= + root =tag= in =tango=], adj., _untouched_, _new_; _full_, _entire_, _vigorous_.

=inter=, prep. with acc., of place, _between_, _among_; _of time_, _during_.

=Interamna, ae=, f., a town in Umbria.

=intercēdō=, see =cēdō=.

=intereā= [=inter= + =is=], adv., _in the meantime_, _meanwhile_.

=intereō=, see =eō.=

=interfector, ōris= [=interficiō=], m., _a slayer_, _murderer_.

=interficiō=, see =faciō=.

=interim=, adv., _meanwhile_.

=interimō=, see =emō=.

=intericiō=, see =*iaciō=.

=interior, ius= [=inter=], adj., comp., no positive, sup. =intimus=; _inner_, _interior_.

=intermittō=, see =mittō=.

=interneciō, ōnis= [=internecō=, _to destroy_], f., _slaughter_, _utter ruin_.

=intersum=, see =sum=.

=interveniō=, see =veniō=.

=intolerābilis, e= [=in= + =tolerābilis=, _supportable_], adj., _unendurable_.

=intrā=, adv. and prep. with acc., _inside of_, _within_, _during_.

=intrō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=intrō=, _within_], _to enter_.

=intueor=, see =tueor=.

=inultus, a, um= [=in= + =ulcīscor=, _to avenge_], adj., _without satisfaction_, u_navenged_, _unpunished_.

=inūsitātus, a, um= [=in= + =ūsitātus=, _usual_], adj., _unusual_, _unfamiliar_, _novel_.

=invādō=, see =*vādō.=

=invehō=, see =vehō.=

=inveniō=, see =veniō.=

=invicem= [=in= + =vicem=], adv., _by turns_, _in turn_, _one after another_, _alternately_.

=invīctus, a, um= [=in= + =vincō=], adj., _unconquerable_, _invincible_.

=invideō=, see =videō.=

=invidia, ae= [=invideō=], f., _envy_, _ill-will_.

=invīsus, a, um= [=invideō=], adj., _hateful_, _hostile_, _troublesome_.

=invītō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to invite_, _summon_.

=invītus, a, um=, adj., _unwilling_.

=invius, a, um= [=in= + =via=], adj., _impassible_.

=Ioviānus, ī=, m., _(Flavius Claudius) Ioviānus_, Roman emperor 363-364 A.D.

=ipse, a, um=, intensive pron., _himself_, _herself_, _itself_, _themselves_; often best rendered by _very_, _mere_, _in person_, _even_, _actually_.

=īra, ae=, f., _anger_, _passion_.

=īrācundia, ae= [=īrācundus=, _irascible_], f., _a proneness to anger_, _hasty temper_; _anger_, _wrath_, _passion_.

=īrātus, a, um= [=īrāscor=, _to be angry_], adj., _angry_.

=is, ea, id=, dem. pron., _this_, t_hat_; _he_, _she_, _it_; _such_.

=Isaurī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Isauria_.

=Isauria, ae=, f., a country of Asia Minor.

=Isauricus, ī=, adj., _Isaurian_, a surname of P. Servilius (Vatia), who conquered the Isaurians.

=Īsīum, ī=, n., the temple of Isis.

=ita= [=is=], adv., _in this way_, _so_, _thus_; _as follows_, _in such a way_; _accordingly_, _and so_.

=Ītalica, ae=, f., a city in Spain.

=Ītalicus, a, um=, adj., _Italian_.

=itaque= [=ita= + =que=], adv., _and so_, _therefore_, _consequently_.

=item=, adv., _likewise_, _just so_, _also_, _moreover_.

=iter, itineris= [=eō=], n., _a journey_, _march_; _road_, _highway_.

=iterum=, adv., _again_, _once more_, _for the second time_.

=Itūraeī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Ituraea_, a district in Coelesyria.

=Iuba, ae=, m., 1. King of Numidia, defeated by Caesar in the battle of Thapsus, 46 B.C. 2. King of Mauretania.

=iubeō, ēre, iussī, iussus=, _to order_, _command_.

=iūcundus, a, um=, adj., _pleasant_; _pleasing_, _joyful_, _dear_.

=Iūdaea, ae=, f., _Judea_, a part of Palestine.

=Iūdaeī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the Jews_.

=iūdex, icis= [=iūs= + =dīcō=], m., _a judge_.

=iūdicō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=iūdex=], _to judge_, _think_, _be of the opinion_; _pronounce_.

=iūgerum, ī= [=iungō=], n., _a measure of land, somewhat more than half an acre_.

=iūgis, e= [=iungō=], adj., _joined together_.

=iugulō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=iugulum=, _neck_], _to cut the throat_, _kill_, _slay_, _murder_.

=iugum, ī= [=iungō=], n., _a yoke_; _ridge_.

=Iugurtha, ae=, m., king of Numidia. See Notes, p. 135.

=Iugurthīnus, a, um=, adj., _pertaining to Iugurtha_.

=Iūlia, ae=, f., _Iūlia Maesa_, wife of Caracalla.

=Iūliānus, ī=, m., 1. _(Flavius Claudius) Iūliānus_, Roman emperor 361-363 A.D. 2. _Salvius Iūliānus_, an eminent Roman jurist. 3. _Salvius Iūliānus_, Roman emperor from March 28 to June 1, 193 A.D.

=Iūlius, i=, m., the name of a Roman gens. See =Caesar, Libō.=

=iungō, ere, iūnxī, iūnctus=, _to join together_, _unite_, _bind_, _fasten_; _yoke_. =ad--adiungō, ere, iūnxī, iūnctus=, _to join to_, _fasten to_, _add_. =con--cōniungō, ere, iūnxī, iūnctus=, _to fasten together_, _connect_, _form by associating_.

=iūnior=, see =iuvenis=.

=Iūnius, ī=, m., the name of a Roman gens. See =Brūtus=, =Pullus=, =Sīlānus=.

=Iuppiter, Iovīs=, m., the chief god of the Latins. He was originally a personification of the sky, and had control of the thunder, lightning, rain, and storms.

=iūrō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to take an oath_, _swear_. =con--coniūrō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to take an oath together_, _conspire_, _plot_.

=iūs, iūris=, n., _right_, _justice_, _authority_; _court_.

(=iussus, ūs=) [=iubeō=], m., only in the abl. sing. =iussū=, _by order of_, _command_.

=iūstus, a, um= [=iūs=], adj., _just_, _fair_; _proper_, _fitting_, _regular_.

=iuvenīlis, e= [=iuvenis=], adj., _youthful_.

=iuvenis, e=, adj., comp. =iūnior=; _young_.

=iuvō, āre, iūvī, iūtus=, _to help_, _aid_.

=iūxtā=, adv. and prep. with acc., _near_.

=Iuventius, ī=, m., _P. (M’.) Iuventius (Thalma)_, praetor 167 B.C.

K.

=Kal.= ＝ =Kalendae, ārum=, pl. f., _the Kalends_, the first day of the month.

=Karthāginiēnsis, e=, adj., _Carthaginian_; as subst., =Karthāginiēnsēs, ium=, pl. m., _the Carthaginians_.

=Karthāgō, inis=, f., 1. _Carthage_, a city founded by the Phoenicians on the northern coast of Africa; destroyed by the Romans 146 B.C. 2. _Karthāgō Nova_, a city founded by the Carthaginians on the eastern coast of Spain.

L.

=L.=, abbreviation of the praenomen =Lucius=.

=L.= ＝ 50.

=labor, ōris=, m., _labor_, _toil_; _misfortune_.

=labōriōsus, a, um= [=labor=], adj., _full of labor_, _laborious_, _toilsome_; _wearisome_, _difficult_.

=labōrō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=labor=], _to toil_, _strive_; _be in distress_; _be troubled_.

=Lacedaemoniī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the Lacedaemonians_, the inhabitants of Lacedaemon or Sparta.

=lacrima, ae=, f., _a tear_.

=lacrimābilis, e= [=lacrimō=, _to weep_], adj., _lamentable_.

=laedō, ere, laesī, laesus=, _to hurt_, _injure_.

=Laeliānus, ī=, m., one of the Thirty Tyrants; emperor in Gaul after the death of Postumus.

=Laelius, ī=, m., _C. Laelius_, consul 190 B.C.

=laetitia, ae= [=laetus=, _joyful_], f., _joy_, _rejoicing_.

=laetor, ārī, ātus sum= [=laetus=, _joyful_], _to rejoice_, _be joyful_, _be glad_.

=Laevīnus, ī=, m., the name of a Roman family. 1. _L. Valerius (Laevīnus)_, consul 206 B.C. 2. _M. Valerius Laevīnus_, consul 210 B.C. 3. _P. Valerius Laevīnus_, consul 280 B.C.

=laevus, a, um=, adj., _left_; as subst., =laeva, ae=, f., _the left_; =in laevā=, _on the left side_.

=Lamponius, ī=, m., a leader of the Marian party in the Civil war between Marius and Sulla.

=languor, ōris=, m., _faintness_, _feebleness_, _weariness_.

=Larcius, ī=, m., _T. Larcius (Flavus)_, the first dictator, 501 B.C.

=largior, īrī, ītus sum=, _to give freely_, _distribute_; _bribe_.

=largītiō, ōnis= [=largior=], f., _liberality_, _bribery_.

=lascīvia, ae= [=lascīvus=, _sportive_], f., _jollity_.

=lātē= [=lātus=, _broad_], adv., _broadly_, _widely_; _on all sides_, _far and wide_.

=lateō, ere, uī, --=, _to lie hid_, _escape notice_.

=Latīnē=, adv., _in Latin_.

=Latīnus, a, um=, adj., _Latin_, _pertainingto Latium_; as subst., =Latīnī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the Latins_.

=latrō, ōnis=, m., _a robber_, _brigand_.

=latrōcinor, ārī, --= [=latrō=], _to be a robber_, _commit piracy_.

=latus, eris=, n., _a side_; _flank_.

=laudō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=laus=], _to praise_, _commend_.

=laurea, ae=, f., _the laurel tree_.

=laus, laudis=, f., _praise_, _fame_, _glory_; _ability_, _merit_.

=lavācrum, ī= [=lavō=], n., _bath_.

=lavō, āre, lāvī, lautus=, _to wash_, _bathe_.

=laxō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to loose_, _spread out_, _relax_.

=lectīcula, ae= [dim. of =lectīca=, _couch_], f., _a litter_; _bier_.

=lēctiō, ōnis= [=legō=], f., _a reading_.

=lēgātiō, ōnis= [=legō=], f., _an embassy_.

=lēgātus, ī= [=legō=], m., _an ambassador_, _legate_; _lieutenant_, _deputy_.

=legiō, ōnis= [=legō=], f., _a legion_.

=legō, ere, lēgī, lēctus=, _to gather_, _collect_; _select_, _appoint_, _choose_; _read_. =con--conlegō, ere, lēgī, lēctus=, _to collect_, _gather_; _obtain_, _get_, _acquire_. =dis--dīligō, ere, lēxī, lēctus=, _to single out_, _esteem_, _love_, _prize_. =ex--ēligō, ere, lēgī, lēctus=, _to pick out_, _choose_, _select_.

=lēnitās, ātis= [=lēnis=, _soft_], f., _softness_, _smoothness_, _gentleness_, _mildness_.

=lēniter= [=lēnis=, _soft_], adv., _softly_, _mildly_, _lightly_.

=Lentulus, ī=, m., the name of a Roman family. 1. _(L.) Cornēlius Lentulus_, consul 275 B.C. 2. _L. Cornēlius Lentulus_, consul 237 B.C. 3. _P. Cornēlius Lentulus_, consul 71 B.C.

=leō, ōnis=, m., =lion=.

=Lepidus, ī=, m., _M. Aemilius Lepidus_, a member of the Second Triumvirate, consul 46 B.C.

=Leptis, is=, f., a Phoenician colony in the northern part of Africa.

=levis, e=, adj., _light_, _trivial_, _easy_.

=lēx, lēgis=, f., _a law_, _decree_.

=libenter= [=libēns=, _glad_], adv., _gladly_, _cheerfully_.

=līber, era, erum=, adj., _free_; as subst., =līberī, ōrum=, pl. m., _children_.

=līberālis, e= [=līber=], adj., _freeborn_, _noble_; _liberal_, _generous_.

=līberālitās, ātis= [=līberālis=], f., _generosity_, _kindness_; _a gift_.

=līberō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=līber=], _to set free_, _release_.

=lībertās, ātis= [=līber=], f., _freedom_.

=lībertīnus, ī= [=lībertus=], adj. used as subst., m., _a manumitted slave_, _freedman_.

=lībertus, ī= [=līber=], m., _a freedman_.

=libīdō, inis= [=libet=, _it pleases_], f., _pleasure_; _lust_, _wantonness_, _passion_.

=Libō, ōnis=, m., _L. Iūlius Libō_, consul 267 B.C.

=lībra, ae=, f., _a pair of scales_; _a pound_.

=Liburnus, a, um=, adj., _of_ or _belonging to the Liburnians_, an Illyrian people living between Histria and Dalmatia; =nāvēs Liburnae=, light galleys built after a model used by them.

=Libya, ae=, f., the northern part of Africa, west of Egypt.

=Libyssa, ae=, f., a city of Bithynia in Asia Minor.

=licet, licēre, licuit= or =licitum est=, impers., _it is allowed_, _permitted_.

=Licinius, ī=, m., the name of a Roman gens. 1. _C. Fabius Licinius_, consul 273 B.C. 2. _(P. Flavius) Licinius_, Roman emperor 307-324 A.D. See =Crassus=, =Lūcullus=, =Valeriānus=.

=Ligurēs, um=, pl. m., _the people of Liguria_, a district on the western coast of Italy.

=Lilybaeum, ī=, n., a town in western Sicily.

=Lingonēs, um=, Gr. acc. =Lingonas=, pl. m., a Celtic people of Gaul.

=līs, lītis=, f., _a strife_, _dispute_, _quarrel_; _a suit_, _action_.

=littera, ae=, f., _a letter_ (of the alphabet); pl., _writing_, _literature_, _letters_; _a letter_.

=lītus, oris=, n., _a shore, beach_.

=Līvius, ī=, m., the name of a Roman gens. See =Salīnātōr=.

=locō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=locus=], _to place_. =con--conlocō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to place_, _arrange_, _station_, _establish_.

=locuplētātor, ōris= [=locuplētō=, _to enrich_], m., _an enricher_.

=locus, ī=, pl. =locī= and =loca=, m., _a place_, _spot_; _room_; _position_, _rank_, _condition_.

=Lollius, ī=, m., M. Lollius, consul 21 B.C.

=longē= [=longus=], adv., _at a distance_, _far_, _by far_.

=Longīnus, ī=, m., 1. _C. Cassius Longīnus_, consul 124 B.C. 2. _C. Cassius (Longīnus)_, murderer of Caesar.

=longus, a, um=, adj., _long_, _tall_; _distant_; _tedious_.

=lōrīca, ae= [=lōrum=, _a strap_], f., _a corselet of leather_, _a coat of mail_.

=Lorium, ī=, n., a town in Etruria.

=Lūcānī, ōrum=, pl. m., the inhabitants of Lucania.

=Lūcānia, ae=, f., a district in southern Italy.

=Lucrētia, ae=, f., the wife of Collatinus.

=Lucrētius, ī=, m., the name of a Roman gens. See =Tricipitīnus=.

=lūctus, ūs= [=lugeō=], m., _grief_, _sorrow_, _mourning_.

=Lūcullus, ī=, m., the name of a Roman family. 1. _L. Licinius Lūcullus_, consul 74 B.C. 2. _M. Licinius Lūcullus_, brother of (1).

=lūcus, ī=, m., _a sacred grove_, _grove_.

=lūdus, ī=, m., _play_, _game_; _place of training_, _school_.

=Lugdūnum, ī=, n., a city in Gaul, now Lyons.

=lūgeō, ēre, lūxī, lūctus=, _to mourn_, _bewail_.

=Lūsitānī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Lūsitānia_.

=Lūsitānia, ae=, f., a province in the southwest of Spain.

=Lutātius, ī=, m., the name of a Roman gens. See =Catulus=.

=luxūria, ae= [=lūxus=, _excess_], f., _luxury_, _extravagance_.

=Lycia, ae=, f., a division of Asia Minor.

M.

=M.=, abbreviation of the praenomen =Marcus=.

=M’.=, abbreviation of the praenomen =Manius=.

=Macedo, onis=, m., _a Macedonian_.

=Macedonia, ae=, f., an extensive country north of Greece, between Thessaly and Thrace.

=Macedonicus, a, um=, adj., _Macedonian_; a surname of =Q. Caecilius Metellus=, who conquered Macedonia; also of =L. Aemilius Paulus=.

=māchinor, ārī, ātus sum=, _to contrive skillfully_, _devise_, _scheme_, _plot_.

=Macrīnus, ī=, m., (M.) Opilius Macrīnus, Roman emperor 217-218 A.D.

=Madena, ae=, f., a part of Armenia.

=Maedī, ōrum=, pl. m., a people of Thrace.

=maeror, ōris=, m., _mourning_, _sadness_, _grief_, _sorrow_, _lamentation_.

=magis=, adv., comp., _more_, _rather_; =eō magis=, _all the more_; sup., =māximē=, _greatly_, _chiefly_, _exceedingly_.

=magister, trī=, m., _a master_, _ruler_, _teacher_; =magister equitum=, _master of the horse_, _aid-de-camp of the dictator_.

=Māgnentiānus, a, um=, adj., _belonging to_ or _pertaining to Māgnentius_.

=Māgnentius, ī=, m., Roman emperor, 350-353 A.D.

=Māgnēsia, ae=, f., a city of Asia Minor near Mount Sipylus in Lydia.

=māgnificentissimē= [=māgnificus=], adv., sup. of =māgnificē=; _splendidly_, _very magnificently_.

=māgnificus, a, um= [=māgnus= + =faciō=], adj., sup. =māgnificentissimus=; _splendid_, _magnificent_, _noble_.

=māgnitūdō, inis= [=māgnus=], f., _magnitude_, _greatness_, _size_.

=māgnus, a, um=, adj., comp. =māior=, sup. =māximus=; _great_, _large_, _abundant_, _powerful_.

=Māgō, ōnis=, m., the brother of Hannibal, captured by Scipio in Spain.

=māiestās, ātis= [=māior=], f., _greatness_, _grandeur_, _dignity_, _majesty_.

=māior=, see =māgnus=.

=Māius, ī=, m., the month of May; usually as adj., =Māius, a, um=, _agreeing with mēnsis_, _Kalendae_, _Nōnae_, _Īdūs_.

=male= [=malus=], adv., comp. =pēius=, sup. =pessimē=; _badly_, _ill_, _unhappily_, _unsuccessfully_.

=mālo=, see =volō=.

=malus, a, um=, adj., comp. =pēior=, sup. =pessimus=; _bad_, _evil_, _hurtful_; as subst., =malum, ī=, n., _misfortune_.

=Mamaea, ae=, f., _(Iūlia) Mamaea_, mother of Alexander Severus.

=Mancīnus, ī=, m., _C. Hostīlius Mancīnus_, consul 137 B.C.

=mandō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=manus= + =dō=], _to commission_, _command_, _send word_. =con--commendō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to commend_ or _commit for protection_, _intrust_, _recommend_. =re--remandō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to send back word_ (very rare).

=maneō, ēre, mānsī, mānsus=, _to stay_, _continue_, _abide by_. =per--permaneō, ēre, mānsī, mānsūrus=, _to continue_, _remain_. =re--remaneō, ēre, mānsī=, _to remain behind_.

=Mānīlius, ī=, m., _M. Manilius_, consul 149 B.C.

=Mānlius, ī=, m., 1. _A. Mānlius_, consul 241 B.C. 2. _M. Mānlius_, consul 105 B.C. See =Cēnsōrīnus=, =Torquātus=, =Vulsō=.

=mānsuētūdō, inis= [=mānsuētus=, _tame_], f., _mildness_, _gentleness_.

=manūmittō, ere, mīsī, missus= [=manus= + =mittō=], _to set free_, _emancipate_; _enfranchise_.

=manus, ūs=, f., _hand_, _arm_; _band_, _troop_; _force_; _combat_; =manūs cōnserere=, _to join battle_; =dare manūs=, _to yield_.

=Mārcellus, ī=, m., the name of a famous Roman family. 1. _M. Claudius Mārcellus_, consul 222 B.C. 2. _(M.) Claudius Mārcellus_, consul 166 B.C. 3. _(M.) Claudius Mārcellus_, consul 51 B.C.

=Mārcius, ī=, m., 1. _Ancus Mārcius_, the fourth king of Rome, 640-616 B.C. 2. _C. Mārcius_, consul 310 B.C. 3. _Q. Mārcius_, surnamed Coriolanus. See =Coriolānus=.

=Marcomannicus, a, um=, adj., _belonging_ or _pertaining to the Marcomannī_.

=Marcomedī, ōrum=, pl. m., a people of western Asia.

=Mardī, ōrum=, pl. m., a powerful, warlike people that dwelt on the southern shore of the Caspian sea.

=mare, is=, n., _the sea_.

=Margum, ī=, n., a town in Upper Moesia.

=Mariānus, a, um=, adj., _belonging_ or _pertaining to Marius_.

=maritimus, a, um= [=mare=], adj., _marine_, _maritime_, _on the seashore_.

=marītus, ī= [=mās=, _male_], m., _a husband_.

=Marius, ī=, m., the name of a family at Rome. 1. _C. Marius_, seven times consul, leader of the democratic party in the Civil war between him and Sulla. See Notes, p. 137. 2. _C. Marius_, son of (1). Consul 82 B.C. 3. _M. Aurēlius Marius_, one of the Thirty Tyrants.

=Mārs, Mārtis=, m., the Roman god of war.

=Marsī, ōrum=, pl. m., a brave and warlike Sabellian people, who dwelt in the mountains of central Italy.

=Mārtius, a, um=, adj., _pertaining to Mars_.

=Mārtius, ī=, m., the month of March; usually used as an adj., =Mārtius, a, um=, _agreeing with mēnsis_, _Kalendae_, _Nōnae_, _Īdūs_.

=Masinissa, ae=, m., a king of Numidia, an ally of the Romans.

=Massilia, ae=, f., a city in Gaul, modern Marseilles.

=māter, tris=, f., _mother_.

=māternus, a, um= [=māter=], adj., _of a mother_, _mother’s_; _maternal_, _on the mother’s side_.

=mātrimōnium, ī= [=māter=], n., _marriage_; pl. _wives_.

=mātrōna, ae= [=māter=], f., _a matron_, _woman_.

=Mauretania, ae=, f., a district on the northwestern coast of Africa, embracing parts of modern Morocco and Algiers.

=Māxentius, ī=, m. _(M. Aurēlius Valerius) Māxentius_, Roman emperor 306-312 A.D.

=māximē=, see =magis=.

=Māximiānus, ī=, m., 1. _Gālerius (Valerius) Māximiānus_, Roman emperor, 305-311 A.D. 2. _(M. Aurēlius Valerius) Māximiānus_, surnamed =Herculius=, Roman emperor 286-305 A.D.

=Māximīnus, ī=, m., 1. _(C. Iūlius Verus) Māximīnus_, Roman emperor 235-238 A.D. 2. _Gālerius (Valerius) Māximīnus_, Roman emperor 305-314 A.D.

=Māximus, ī=, m., 1. _Q. Fabius Māximus_, consul six times. 2. _Q. Fabius Māximus_, defeated by the Samnites 292 B.C. 3. _Q. Fabius Māximus (Cunctātor)_, five times consul.

=māximus=, see =māgnus=.

=Māzaca, ae=, f., a city in Cappadocia, later called _Caesarēa ad Argaeum_ from Mount Argaeus upon which it stood.

=medicus, ī= [=medeor=, _to heal_], m., _a physician_, _surgeon_.

=medie= [=medius=], adv., _in the middle_, _moderately_, _tolerably_.

=medietās, ātis= [=medius=], f., _the middle_, _place in the middle_, _midst_.

=mediocris, cre= [=medius=], adj., _common_, _moderate_, _mediocre_.

=Mediōlānum, ī=, n., a city in Cisalpine Gaul, modern Milan.

=medius, a, um=, adj., _in the middle_, _middle_, _midst of_; as subst., =medium, ī=, n., _middle_, _midst_, _space between_.

=melior=, see =bonus=.

=melius=, see =bene=.

=Memmius, ī=, m., _L. Memmius_, consul 151 B.C.

=memorābilis, e= [=memorō=, _to bring to mind_], adj., _worth telling_, _remarkable_.

=memoria, ae= [=memor=, _mindful_], f., _memory_; _report_, _record_, _time_, _age_.

=mēns, mentis=, f., _the mind_; _disposition_; _reason_.

=mēnsis, is=, m., _a month_.

=mentiō, ōnis=, f., _mention_.

=mentum, ī=, n., _the chin_.

=mereō, ēre, uī, itus=, _to get_, _earn_, _deserve_; _serve_.

=mergō, ere, mersī, mersus=, _to dip_, _plunge_, _sink_. =dē--dēmergō, ere, mersī, mersus=, _to sink_.

=meritō= [=meritum=, _desert_], adv., _deservedly_, _justly_.

=Mesopotamia, ae=, f., _Mesopotamia_, a division of Asia between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers.

=Messāla, ae=, m., _M. (M’.) Valerius (Messāla)_, consul 263 B.C.

=Messēniī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Messēnē_, an island in the Tigris river.

=-met=, an intensive enclitic particle, _self_.

=Metellus, ī=, m., the name of a prominent family at Rome. 1. _C. Caecilius Metellus_, consul 113 B.C. 2. _L. Caecilius Metellus_, consul 251 B.C. 3. _L. Caecilius Metellus_, consul 123 B.C. 4. _(Q. Caecilius) Metellus Macedonicus_, consul 143 B.C. 5. _Q. Caecilius Metellus (Numidicus)_, consul 109 B.C. 6. _Q. Caecilius Metellus Creticus_, consul 69 B.C. 7. _L. (Caecilius) Metellus_, carried on war against Mithradates. 8. _M. (Caecilius) Metellus._

=metus, ūs=, m., _fear_, _dread_.

=Micipsa, ae=, m., king of Numidia, the eldest of the sons of Masinissa.

=migrō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to migrate_, _remove_.

=mīles, itis=, m. and f., _a soldier_.

=mīliārium, ī=, n., _a milestone_, _mile_.

=mīlitāris, e= [=mīles=], adj., _military_; as subst., _a soldier_; =rēs mīlitāris=, _the art of war_, _military operations_.

=mīlitia, ae= [=mīles=], f., _military service_.

=mīlitō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=mīles=], _to be a soldier_, _wage war_.

=mīlle=, indecl. num. adj., _a thousand_; as subst. with part. gen., =mīlia, um=, pl. n., _thousand_, _thousands_.

=mīllēsimus, a, um= [=mīlle=], num. adj., _thousandth_.

=mināx, ācis= [=minor=, _to threaten_], adj., _threatening_.

=minimē=, see =parum=.

=minimus=, see =parvus=.

=minister, trī=, m., _an attendant_, _servant_.

=minor, us=, see =parvus=.

=Minucius, ī=, m., the name of a Roman gens. See =Rūfus=.

=minuō, ere, ī, ūtus= [=minus=], _to make small_, _diminish_, _reduce_. =dē--dēminuō, ere, ī, ūtus=, _to make smaller_, _lessen_, _diminish_.

=minus=, adv., see =parum=.

=mīrābilis, e= [=mīror=], adj., _wonderful_.

=mīror, ārī, ātus sum=, _to wonder at_, _be astonished_. =ad--admīror, ārī, ātus sum=, _to wonder at_, _admire_.

=Mithradātēs, is=, m., surnamed the Great, king of Pontus 120-63 B.C.

=Mithradāticus, a, um=, adj., _pertaining to Mithradātēs_.

=mītis, e=, adj., _mild_, _kind_, _placid_.

=mittō, ere, mīsī, missus=, _to send_, _dispatch_; _throw_, _shoot_; _let go_. =ab--āmittō, ere, mīsī, missus=, _to send away_, _lose_; _dismiss_. =ad--admittō, ere, mīsī, missus=, _to permit_, _admit_, _give audience to_. =con--committō, ere, mīsī, missus=, _to send_ or _bring together_, _join_; _intrust_, _commit_, _bring about_, _cause_, _allow_; =pūgnam= or =proelium committere=, _to begin battle_. =dis--dimittō, ere, mīsī, missus=, _to send away_, _dismiss_; _give up_, _abandon_. =inter--intermittō, ere, mīsī, missus=, _to send between_, _interpose_, _interrupt_; _stop_, _cease_. =per--permittō, ere, mīsī, missus=, _to let pass_; _permit_, _allow_. =praeter--praetermittō, ere, mīsī, missus=, _to permit to go by_, _let pass_, _let go_; _omit_, _neglect_. =prō--prōmittō, ere, mīsī, missus=, _to put forward_; _promise_, _assure_. =re--remittō, ere, mīsī, missus=, _to send back_, _relax_; _abate_.

=moderātē= [=moderātus=], adv., sup. =moderātissimē=; wi_th moderation_, _moderately_.

=moderātiō, ōnis= [=moderor=], f., _moderation_, _self-control_.

=moderātor, ōris= [=moderor=], m., _a manager_, _governor_, _director_.

=moderātus, a, um= [=moderor=], adj., _self-controlled_, _temperate_, _modest_.

=moderor, ārī, ātus sum= [=modus=], _to set bounds to_, _check_, _restrict_, _regulate_.

=modestia, ae= [=modestus=], f., _moderation_; _shame_, _modesty_; _sense of honor_, _dignity_.

=modestus, a, um= [=modus=], adj., _keeping due measure_, _moderate_, _modest_, _temperate_.

=modicus, a, um= [=modus=], adj., _small_, _moderate_.

=modius, ī= [=modus=], m., _a measure_, _peck_.

=modo= [=modus=], adv., _only_; _just now_, _lately_; =modo … modo=, _at one time … at another_, _now … now_; =nōn modo … sed etiam=, _not only … but also_.

=modus, ī=, m., _measure_, _limit_, _end_; _way_, _manner_.

=Moesia, ae=, f., the modern Bulgaria and Servia, divided into Moesia Superior and Inferior; hence the pl., =Moesiae=.

=Mogontiacum, ī=, n., a city in Belgic Gaul, modern Mainz.

=molestus, a, um= [=mōlēs=, _mass_], adj., _troublesome_, _annoying_, _vexatious_.

=mōlior, īrī, ītus sum= [=mōlēs=, _mass_], _to struggle_, _toil_; _undertake_, _attempt_.

=mollis, e=, adj., _gentle_, _smooth_; _yielding_.

=moneō, ēre, uī, itus=, _to advise_, _warn_, _remind_.

=monētārius, ī= [=monēta=, _mint_], m., _a minter_, _coiner_.

=mōns, montis=, m., a mountain, _hill_, _height_.

=monumentum, ī= [=moneō=], n., _a monument_, _record_; _tomb_.

=mōrātus, a, um= [=mōs=], adj., _mannered_, _of morals_, _constituted_; _characteristic_.

=morbus, ī=, m., _sickness_, _disease_.

=morior, morī, mortuus sum=, _to die_.

=moror, ārī, ātus sum= [=mora=, _delay_], _to delay_, _wait_.

=mors, mortis= [=morior=], f., _death_.

=mōs, mōris=, m., _a custom_, _habit_; _manner_, _fashion_; pl., _customs_, _character_.

=mōtus, ūs= [=moveō=], m., _motion_, _disturbance_, _revolt_.

=moveō, ēre, mōvī, mōtus=, _to move_, _remove_; _influence_, _excite_. =con--commoveō, ēre, mōvī, mōtus=, _to arouse_, _disturb_, _move_, _influence_. =re--removeō, ēre, mōvī, mōtus=, _to remove_, _put aside_, _dismiss_, _withdraw_. =sub--submoveō, ēre, mōvī, mōtus=, _to drive off_, _dislodge_.

=mox=, adv., _soon_, _directly_, _then_.

=Mūcius, ī=, m., see =Scaevola=.

=muliebris, e= [=mulier=, _a woman_], adj., _pertaining to a woman, woman-like_.

=multitūdō, inis= [=multus=], f., _a multitude_.

=multō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=multa=, _a fine_], _to fine_, _deprive_; _punish_, _condemn_.

=multō= [=multus=], adv., _by far_, _much_.

=multus, a, um=, adj., comp. =plūs=, sup. =plūrimus=; _much_, _many a_; pl., _many_.

=Mulvius, a, um=, adj., _Mulvian_; =Mulvius pōns=, the Mulvian bridge, about two miles north of Rome.

=Mummius, ī=, m., _L. Mummius_, the conqueror of Corinth; consul 146 B.C.

=Munda, ae=, f., a Roman colony in the south of Spain, where a battle was fought in 45 B.C. between Caesar and the Pompeians.

=mūniō, īre, īvī (iī), ītus= [=moenia=, _walls_], _to fortify_, _secure_, _guard_.

=mūnus, eris=, n., _duty_, _service_; _present_, _gift_.

=Mūrēna, ae=, m., _L. (Licinius) Mūrēna_, consul 62 B.C.

=murrinus, a, um=, adj., _of_ or _belonging to the stone murra_, _murine_.

=Mursa, ae=, f., a town in Pannonia.

=mūrus, ī=, m., _a wall_.

=Mūs, Mūris=, m., _(P.) Decius Mūs_, consul 279 B.C.

=mūtō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to change_.

N.

=Nabis, idis=, m., _tyrant of Sparta_.

=nactus=, see =nancīscor=.

=nam=, conj., _for_, _but_.

=nancīscor, ī, nactus sum=, _to get_, _obtain_.

=Narbō, ōnis=, m., a city in the southern part of Gaul.

=nārrātiō, ōnis= [=nārrō=, _to tell_], f., _a relating_, _narrative_.

=Narseus, ī=, m., king of Persia, 294-303 A.D.

=Nāsīca=, see =Scīpiō=.

=nāscor, ī, nātus sum=, _to be born_; _spring from_, _arise_.

=nātiō, ōnis= [=nāscor=], f., _nation_, _tribe_, _people_.

=nātūra, ae= [=nātus=], f., _nature_, _disposition_; _situation_.

=nātus, a, um= [=nāscor=], adj., lit. _born_; with =annōs= and numerals, _old_.

=naufragium, ī= [=nāvis= + =frangō=], n., _shipwreck_, _ruin_.

=nāvālis, e= [=nāvis=], adj., _naval_.

=nāvigātiō, ōnis= [=nāvigō=], f., _a voyage_; _navigation_.

=nāvigō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=nāvis= + =agō=], _to sail_, _navigate_.

=nāvis, is=, f., _ship_, _vessel_; =nāvis longa=, _war ship_, _galley_; =nāvis onerāria=, transport.

=nē=, 1, adv., _not_; =nē … quidem=, _not even_, _not at all_; 2, conj., _in order that not_, _lest_, _not to_, _for fear that_.

=ne=, enclitic interrog. particle, used (1) in direct questions, and then translatable only by the inflection of the voice; (2) as conj. with indirect questions, _whether_.

=nec=, see =neque=.

=necessārius, a, um= [=necesse=, _necessary_], adj., _necessary_, _indispensable_; as subst., _an intimate friend_, _relative_.

=necessitūdō, inis= [=necesse=, _necessary_], f., _friendship_, _intimacy_.

=neglegenter= [=neglegēns=, _heedless_], adv., _heedlessly_, _carelessly_, _negligently_.

=negō, āre, āvi, ātus=, _to say no_, _deny_, _refuse_.

=negōtium, ī= [=nec= + =ōtium=], n., _business_; _toil_, _labor_, _trouble_.

=nēmō, inis= [=nē= + =homō=], m. and f., _no one_.

=Nepotiānus, ī=, m., _(Flavius Popilius) Nepotiānus_, Roman emperor for 28 days in 350 A.D.

=nepōs, ōtis=, m., _grandson_; _nephew_ (late); pl., _descendants_.

=nēquāquam= [=nē= + =quāquam=, _anywhere_], adv., _not at all_, _by no means_.

=neque= or =nec= [_nē_ + _que_], adv. and conj., _and not_, _but not_, _nor_, _nor yet_; =neque (nec) … neque (nec)=, _neither … nor_.

=Nerō, ōnis=, m., 1. Nerō (_Claudius Caesar Drūsus Germānicus_), Roman emperor 54-68 A.D. 2. _Appius Claudius Nerō_, consul 207 B.C.

=Nerōniānus, a, um=, adj., _belonging_ or _pertaining to Nerō_; _Nerōniānae thermae_.

=Nerva, ae=, m. _(M. Coccēius) Nerva_, Roman emperor 96-98 A.D.

=neuter, tra, trum= [=nē= + =uter=], pron., _neither_ (of two).

=nex, necis=, f., _death_; _murder_, _slaughter_.

=Nīcomēdēnsēs, ium=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Nīcomēdia_.

=Nīcomēdia, ae=, f., the capital city of Bithynia in Asia Minor.

=Nicomēdēs, is=, m., 1. Surnamed Epiphanes, king of Bithynia, 149-91 B.C. 2. Surnamed Philopator, king of Bithynia, 91-74 B.C.

=Niger, grī=, m. _(C.) Pescennius Niger_, Roman emperor 193-194 A.D.

=nihil= [=nē= + =hilum=, _a trifle_], n., indecl., _nothing_, _not at all_.

=Nīlus, ī=, m., _the river Nile_.

=nimietās, ātis= [=nimius=], f., _a too great number or quantity_; _superfluity_, _excess_.

=nimis=, adv., _too much_, _very_, _excessively_.

=nimius, a, um= [=nimis=], adj., _too much_, _too great_, _excessive_.

=nisi= [=nē= + =sī=], conj., =if not=, =unless=, =except=.

=Nisibis, is=, f., a city in Mesopotamia.

=nītor, ī, nīsus= or =nīxus sum=, _to strive_, _attempt_; _rely upon_. =ad--adnītor, ī, nīsus= or =nīxus sum=, _to lean against or upon_; _strive_.

=Nōbiliōr, ōris=, m., a celebrated Roman family. 1. _M. Fulvius (Nōbiliōr)_, consul 189 B.C. 2. _Ser. Fulvius Nōbiliōr_, consul 255 B.C.

=nōbilis, e= [=nōscō=], adj., _noted_, _notable_; _renowned_, _noble_.

=nōbilitās, ātis= [=nōbilis=], f., _renown_, _nobility_;_the nobles_.

=nōbiliter= [=nōbilis=], adv., _famously_, _excellently_, _splendidly_, _nobly_.

=nocturnus, a, um= [=nox=], adj., _by night_, _nocturnal_.

=Nōla, ae=, f., a city in Campania in Italy.

=nōlō=, see =volō=.

=nōmen, inis= [=nōscō=], n., _a name_; _account_; _pretense_; _authority_.

=Nōmentānus, a, um=, adj., _pertaining to Nōmentum_, a Sabine city.

=nōminō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=nōmen=], _to name_, _call_, _mention_.

=nōn=, adv., _not_, _no_.

=Nōnae, ārum=, pl. f., _the Nones_, the seventh of March, May, July, and October, and the fifth of other months.

=nōnāgēsimus, a, um= [=nōnāgintā=], num. adj., _ninetieth_.

=nōnāgintā=, indecl. num. adj., _ninety_.

=nōnnūllus, a, um= [=nōn= + =nūllus=], adj., _some_, _several_.

=nōnus, a, um= [=novem=], num. adj., _ninth_.

=Norbānus, ī=, m. _(C.) Norbānus_, consul 83 B.C.

=Nōricum, ī=, n., a Roman province south of the Danube.

=nōscō, ere, nōvī, nōtus=, _to come to know_, _become acquainted with_; in perf. system, _to know_.

=ad--āgnōscō, ere, gnōvī, gnitus=, _to recognize_. =con--cognōscō, ere, cognōvī, cognitus=, _to learn_, _perceive_, _understand_. =re= + =con=--=recognōscō, ere, gnōvī, gnitus=, _to recall_, _recognize_.

=noster, tra, trum= [=nōs=], adj., _our_, _our own_.

=notābilis, e= [=notō=, _to mark_], =adj.=, _noteworthy_, _conspicuous_, _notable_.

=nōtus, a, um= [=nōscō=], adj., _well known_, _familiar_.

=novem=, num. adj., _nine_.

=noverca, ae=, f., _stepmother_.

=novus, a, um=, adj., _fresh_, _new_, _young_, _recent_; =novae rēs=, _a revolution_.

=nox, noctis=, f., _night_.

=nūbō, ere, nūpsī, nūptus=, _to veil one’s self_, _marry_.

=nūdō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=nūdus=], _to make bare_, _strip_, _expose_.

=nūdus, a, um=, adj., _naked_, _bare_.

=nūllus, a, um= [=nē= + =ūllus=] (gen. =nūllīus=, dat. =nūllī=), adj., _none_, _no_; as subst., _no one_.

=Numa, ae=, m., see =Pompilius=.

=Numantia, ae=, f., a city in Spain.

=Numantīnī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Numantia_.

=nūmen, inis= [=nuō=, _to nod_], n., a divinity, power.

=numerōsus, a, um= [=numerus=], adj., _in full numbers_, _numerous_, _manifold_.

=Numeriānus, ī=, m., the younger of the two sons of the emperor Carus.

=numerus, ī=, m., _number_, _account_; _character_, _rank_.

=Numidae, ārum=, pl. m., _the Numidians_.

=Numidia, ae=, f., a country of northern Africa, west of Carthage.

=nummus, ī=, m., _money_; _coin_; _sesterce_ (＝ 4.1 cents).

=numquam= [=nē= + =umquam=], adv., _never_.

=nunc=, adv., _at the present moment_, _now_.

=nūncupō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=nōmen= + =capiō=], _to call_, _call by name_.

=nūntiō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=nūntius=], _to tell_, _announce_, _report_. =dē--dēnūntiō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to announce_, _denounce_, _order_, _threaten_. =prō--prōnūntiō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to tell_, _declare_, _recite_, _appoint_.

=nūntius, ī=, m., _a messenger_; _message_.

=nusquam= [=nē= + =usquam=], adv., _nowhere_, _in no place_.

=nūtō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to nod_; _waver_, _be ready to give way_.

O.

=ob=, prep. with acc., _to_, _towards_; _for_, _on account of_, _by reason of_.

=obeō=, see =eō=.

=obiciō=, see =*iaciō=.

=obitus, ūs= [=obeō=], m., _destruction_, _death_.

=oboediō=, see =audiō=.

=obscēnē= [=obscēnus=, _ill-omened_], adv., sup. =obscēnissimē=; _immodestly_, _indecently_.

=obscēnitās, ātis= [=obscēnus=, _ill-omened_], f., _moral impurity_, _foulness_, _unchastity_, _lewdness_, _obscenity_.

=obscūrē= [=obscūrus=], adv., comp. =obscūrius=, sup. =obscūrissimē=; _obscurely_.

=obscūrus, a, um=, adj., _dark_, _obscure_; _ignoble_, _mean_, _low_.

=obsecrō=, see =*sacrō=.

=obsequor=, see =sequor=.

=obses, idis= [=obsideō=], m. and f., _a hostage_.

=obsideō=, see =sedeō=.

=obsidiō, ōnis= [=obsideō=], f., _a siege_.

=obtemperō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=temperō=, _to soften_], _to submit_.

=obtineō=, see =teneō=.

=obvius, a, um= [=ob= + =via=], adj., _in the way_, _meeting_; with =esse, fierī=, or =venīre=, _to meet_.

=occāsiō, ōnis= [=occidō=, _to happen_], f., _an occasion_, _opportunity_.

=Occidēns, tis= [=occidō=], m. (sc. =sōl=), _the setting sun_, _the West_, _the Occident_.

=occīdō=, see =caedō=.

=occulō, ere, culuī, cultus=, _to cover_, _cover over_; _hide_, _conceal_.

=occultō, āre, āvī, ātus= [freq. of =occulō=], _to hide_, _conceal_; _secrete_.

=occultus, a, um= [=occulō=], adj., _hidden_, _secret_, _concealed_.

=occupō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=ob= + =capiō=], _to take possession of_, _seize_, _hold_, _occupy_; _attack_, _employ_.

=occurrō=, see =currō=.

=Ōceanus, ī=, m., the Atlantic and its divisions in contrast with the Mediterranean Sea.

=Octāviāna, ae=, f., sister of Octavianus and wife of M. Antonius.

=Octāviānus, ī=, m., see =Caesar, Augustus=.

=Octāvius, ī=, m., _C. Octāvius_, consul 87 B.C.

=octāvus, a, um= [=octō=], num. adj., _eighth_.

=octingentēsimus, a, um= [=octingentī=], num. adj., _eight hundredth_.

=octingentī, ae, a= [=octō= + =centum=], num. adj., _eight hundred_.

=octō=, indecl. num. adj., _eight_.

=octōdecim= [=octō= + =decem=], indecl. num. adj., _eighteen_.

=octōgēsimus, a, um= [=octōgintā=], num. adj., _eightieth_.

=octōgintā= [=octō=], indecl. num. adj., _eighty_.

=oculus, ī=, m., _the eye_.

=Odenāthus, ī=, m., ruler of Palmyra. He checked the incursions of the Persians, and was honored with the title of Augustus by Gallienus.

=odēum, ī=, n., _a public building designed for musical performances_, _odeon_.

=odium, ī= [=odī=, _to hate_], n., _hatred_, _aversion_.

=odor, ōris=, m., _odor_, _stench_.

=Oenomaus, ī=, m., a leader of the gladiators who revolted with Spartacus.

=offēnsa, ae=, f., _disfavor_, _offense_, _hatred_, _enmity_.

=offerō=, see =ferō=.

=officium, ī= [=opus= + =faciō=], n., _service_, _favor_; _duty_, _office_.

=Ogulnius, ī=, m., _Q. Ogulnius_, consul 269 B.C.

=olim= [=ole=, old form of =ille=], adv., _formerly_.

=Olympias, adis=, f., _an Olympiad_, the space of four years intervening between the games at Olympus. The period was used in assigning dates, the first Olympiad beginning in 776 B.C.

=Olympus, ī=, m., a city in Lycia in Asia Minor.

=ōmen, inis=, n., _a foreboding_, _prognostication_, _omen_.

=omnīnō= [=omnis=], adv., _in all_, _altogether_, _only_, _in general_; _at all_.

=omnis, e=, adj., _every_, _all_.

=opera, ae= [=opus=], f., _work_, _pains_, _aid_; _operam dare_, _to attend to_, _assist_, _aid_.

=opifex, ficis= [=opus= + =faciō=], m., _workman_, _artisan_.

=opīnor, ārī, ātus sum=, _to think_, _believe_.

=oppidum, ī=, n., _a walled town_.

=Oppius, ī=, m., see =Sabīnus=.

=opprimō=, see =premō=.

=oppūgnātiō, ōnis= [=oppūgnō=], f., _an assault_, _attack_, _siege_.

=oppūgnō=, see =pūgnō=.

(=ops=), =opis=, f., _power_, _help_; pl. =opēs, um=, _wealth_, _resources_.

=optimus=, see =bonus=.

=optō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to hope_, _desire_.

=ad--adoptō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to adopt_.

=opulentus, a, um= [=ops=], adj., _rich_, _wealthy_.

=opus, operis=, n., _work_, _business_, _need_; _fortification_.

=ōrātor, ōris= [=ōrō=], m., _an orator_, _ambassador_.

=orbis, is=, m., _circle_; =orbis terrae= or =terrārum=, _the world_.

=orbitās, ātis= [=orbus=, _destitute_], f., _bereavement_, _orphanage_.

=Orchadēs, um=, pl. f., a group of islands north of Scotland, now Orkney Islands.

=ōrdinārius, a, um= [=ōrdinō=], adj., _of order_, _usual_, _regular_, _ordinary_.

=ōrdinō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=ōrdō=], _to arrange_, _regulate_.

=ōrdō, inis=, f., _an order_, _rank_, _row_.

=Orestēs, is=, m., _Cn. Aufidius Orestes_, consul 73 B.C.

=Oriēns, entis= [=orior=], m. (sc. =sōl=), _the rising sun_, _the East_, _the Orient_.

=orīgō, inis= [=orior=], f., _an origin_, _source_, _pedigree_.

=orior, īrī, ortus sum=, _to rise_, _begin_, _spring from_.

=oriundus, a, um= [=orior=], adj., _descended_, _sprung from_, _originating_, _born_.

=ōrnāmentum, ī= [=ōrnō=, _to fit out_], n., _a preparation_; _decoration_, _ornament_, _jewel_.

=ōrō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=ōs=, _mouth_], _to pray_, _beg_, _entreat_.

=ad--adōrō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to supplicate_; _worship_, _reverence_.

=Orōdēs, is=, m., a king of the Parthians, conquered by Pompey.

=os, ossis=, n., _a bone_.

=Osdroēna, ae=, f., _Osroēnē_, a district in the west of Mesopotamia.

=Osdroēnī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Osdroēna_.

=ostendō=, see =tendō=.

=ōstiātim=, adv., _from door to door_, _from house to house_.

=ōstium, ī= [=ōs=, _mouth_], m., _the mouth of a river_.

=Otācilius, ī=, m., _(T.) Otācilius Crassus_, consul 263 B.C.

=Othō, ōnis=, m., _(M. Salvius) Othō_, Roman emperor from January 15 to April 16, 69 A.D.

=ōtium, ī=, n., _leisure_; _ease_, _idleness_; _rest_, _peace_.

=ovō, āre, --, --=, _to exult_, _rejoice_; _receive an ovation_, _triumph_.

P.

=P.=, abbreviation of the praenomen Publius.

=pācō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=pāx=], _to pacify_, _make peaceful_.

=Pacorus, ī=, m., son of Orodes I., king of Parthia.

=Paelīgnī, ōrum=, pl. m., a Sabine people dwelling in central Italy.

=paene=, adv., _almost_, _nearly_.

=Palaeopharsālus, ī=, f., a city in Thessaly where Caesar defeated Pompey 48 B.C. It is generally written Pharsalus.

=Palaestīna, ae=, f., _Palestine_.

=palam=, adv., _openly_, _publicly_.

=Palātīnus, ī= (sc. =mōns=), adj., _the Palatine Hill_.

=Palātium, ī=, n., _the Palatine Hill_; _the imperial palace_, which was on the hill.

=pallium, ī=, n., _a Grecian cloak_, _mantle_.

=palūs, ūdis=, f., _a marsh_, _fen_.

=Pamphȳlia, ae=, f., a division of Asia Minor.

=Pannonia, ae=, f., one of the most important provinces of Rome, lying between the Danube and the Alps.

=Pannonicus, a, um=, adj., _pertaining to Pannonia_.

=Pannoniī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Pannonia_.

=Pānsa, ae=, m., _(C. Vibius) Pānsa_, consul 43 B.C.

=Panticapaeum, ī=, n., a city in the modern Crimea.

=Paphlagōn, onis=, m., _a Paphlagonian_.

=Paphlagonia, ae=, f., a division of Asia Minor on the Black Sea.

=Papirius, ī=, m., the name of a Roman gens. See =Carbō=, =Cursor=.

=parēns, entis= [=pariō=], m. and f., _a father or mother_, _parent_; _relative_ (late).

=pāreō, ēre, uī, --=, _to appear_; _obey_, _serve_. =ad--appāreō, ēre, uī, --=, _to become visible_, _appear_; _serve_. =con--compāreō, ēre, uī, --=, _to appear_, _show one’s self_.

=*pariō, ere, peperī, partus=, _to give birth to_, _bring forth_. =ab--āperiō, īre, uī, tus=, _to uncover_, _bare_; _open_, _disclose_. =con--comperiō, īre, perī, pertus=, _to find out_, _learn_. =re--reperiō, īre, repperī, repertus=, _to find_ (again), _meet with_, _discover_.

=parō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to make ready_, _prepare_; _resolve_, _plan_; _get_, _acquire_. =con--comparō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to make ready_, _prepare_; _obtain_, _procure_. =prae--praeparō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to make ready beforehand_, _provide_. =re--reparō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to renew_.

=parricīdium, ī= [=pater= + =caedō=], n., _murder of a father_, _parricide_.

=pars, partis=, f., _a part_, _number_; _district_; _side_, _direction_; _party_, _faction_.

=Parthenius, ī=, m., the slayer of Domitian.

=Parthenopolis, is=, f., a city in Lower Moesia on the Black Sea.

=Parthī, ōrum=, pl. m., a Scythian people southeast of the Caspian Sea.

=Parthicus, a, um=, adj., _belonging to Parthia_, cognomen of _Septimius Sevērus_.

=Parthomasīris, is=, m., king of Armenia.

=partim= [=pars=], adv., _partly_.

=partus, ūs= [=pariō=], m., _a bringing forth_, _delivery_, _birth_; _progeny_.

=parum=, adv., _too little_, _not enough_; comp., =minus=, _less_, _by no means_, _not_; sup., =minime=, _least of all_, _by no means_, _not at all_; as a subst., =parum=, indecl. n., _too little_, _not enough_.

=parvus, a, um=, adj., _little_, _small_; comp., =minor=, _smaller_, _less_; _younger_ (sc. =nātū=); sup., =minimus=, _smallest_, _least_.

=pāscō, ere, pāvī, pāstus=, _to feed_; of animals, _to graze_, _browse_.

=passus, ūs= [=passus= from =pandō=, _to spread_], m., _a step_, _pace_; =mīlle passuum=, pl. =mīlia passuum=, a Roman mile ＝ 4854 English feet.

=patefaciō, ere, fēcī, factus= [=pateō= + =faciō=], _to lay open_, _disclose_, _bring to light_.

=pateō, ēre, uī, --=, _to be open_, _extend_, _be manifest_.

=pater, tris=, m., _a father_, _ancestor_.

=paternus, a, um= [=pater=], adj., _fatherly_, _of a father_.

=patior, patī, passus sum=, _to suffer_, _bear_, _endure_; _experience_; _allow_, _permit_. =per--perpetior, ī, pessus sum=, _to endure_, _be patient under_.

=patria, ae= [=pater=], f., _fatherland_, _country_, _home_.

=patrimōnium, ī= [=pater=], n., _inheritance_, _patrimony_, _property_.

=patrō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to carry out_, _perform_, _execute_.

=patruēlis, e= [=patruus=], adj., _of a father’s brother_, _child of a father’s brother_; as subst., _a cousin_.

=patruus, ī= [=pater=] m., _of a father’s brother_, _paternal uncle_.

=paucus, a, um=, adj., _few_, _little_.

=paulisper= [=paulum=, _by a little_], adv., _a short time_.

=paulus, a, um=, adj., _little_, _small_; as subst., =paulum, ī=, n., _a little_, _trifle_; abl., =paulō=, _by a little_.

=Paulus, ī=, m., the name of a Roman family. 1. _L. Aemilius Paulus_, consul 216 B.C. 2. _L. Aemilius Paulus_, surnamed Macedonicus, consul 168 B.C. 3. _M. Aemilius Paulus_, consul 255 B.C.

=pauper, eris=, adj., _poor_.

=pāx, pācis=, f., _peace_.

=pectus, oris=, n., _the breast_.

=pecūnia, ae= [=pecus=, _cattle_], f., _money_.

=pedes, itis= [=pēs=], m., _a foot soldier_, _infantry_.

=pellō, ere, pepulī, pulsus=, _to drive out_ or _away_, _expel_; _defeat_, _rout_. =ad--appellō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to call_, _address_, _name_; _appeal to_; _accuse_. =con--compellō, ere, pulī, pulsus=, _to drive together_, _collect_; _force_, _compel_. =ex--expellō, ere, pulī, pulsus=, _to drive out_ or _away_, _expel_, _dislodge_. =in--impellō, ere, pulī, pulsus=, _to urge on_, _incite_, _impel_.

=pendeō, ēre, pependī, --=, _to hang_, _be suspended_; _rest_, _depend_.

=penetrō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=penitus=], _to enter_, _penetrate_.

=penitus=, adv., _inwardly_, _within_; _deeply_, _completely_.

=per=, prep. with acc. (1) of place, _through_, _across_, _over_, _throughout_; (2) of time, _through_, _during_; (3) of means or agency, _by means of_, _by the agency of_, _through_.

=percussor, ōris= [=percutiō=], m., _a stabber_, _murderer_.

=percutiō, ere, cussī, cussus= [=per= + =quatiō=, _to shake_], _to thrust through_, _strike_, _kill_.

=perdō=, see =dō=.

=perdomō=, see =domō=.

=pereō=, see =eō=.

=perferō=, see =ferō=.

=perficiō=, see =faciō=.

=perfidia, ae= [=perfidus=, _faithless_], f., _treachery_.

=perfuga, ae= [=perfugiō=, _to flee for refuge_], m., _a fugitive_, _deserter_, _refuge_.

=Pergamum, ī=, n., a city in Mysia in Asia Minor.

=pergō=, see =regō=.

=perīculum, ī=, n., _trial_; _danger_, _peril_.

=perimō=, see =emō=.

=perinde= [=per= + =inde=], adv., _in the same manner_, _just as_, _equally_.

=perītus, a, um=, adj., _skillful_, _experienced_, _familiar with_.

=permaneō=, see =maneō=.

=permittō=, see =mittō=.

=permūtātiō, ōnis= [=permūtō=, _to change_], f., _change_, _exchange_.

=perniciēs, ēī= [=per= + =nex=], f., _destruction_, _ruin_.

=perniciōsē= [=perniciōsus=], adv., _dangerously_, _destructively_.

=perniciōsus, a, um= [=perniciēs=], adj., _dangerous_, _destructive_.

=Perperna, ae=, m., _(M.) Perperna_, consul 130 B.C.

=perpetior=, see =patior=.

=perpetuus, a, um=, adj., _continuous_, _uninterrupted_; =in perpetuum=, _forever_.

=Persae, ārum=, pl. m., _the Persians_.

=persequor=, see =sequor=.

=Perseus, eī=, m., the last king of Macedonia, 178-168 B.C.

=persevērō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to persist_, _persevere_.

=Persis, idis=, f., _Persia_.

=Pertināx, ācis=, m., _(Helvius) Pertināx_, Roman emperor from January 1 to March 28, 193 A.D.

=Perusia, ae=, f., an ancient town in Etruria in Italy.

=perveniō=, see =veniō=.

=pēs, pedis=, m., _a foot_, =pedem referre=, _to retreat_.

=Pescennius, ī=, m., see =Niger=.

=pestilentia, ae= [=pestis=, _plague_], f., _a pestilence_, _plague_.

=petō, ere, īvī (iī), ītus=, _to strive for_, _seek_; _beg_, _ask_, _request_; _assail_, _attack_. =ad--appetō, ere, īvī (iī), ītus=, _to strive for_, _reach after_; _assail_, _attack_; _long for_, _desire_; _draw nigh_, _approach_, _be at hand_. =re--repetō, ere, īvī (iī), ītus=, _to seek again_, _try to get back_, _demand back_; _recall_, _repeat_; _attack_.

=Petrēius, ī=, m., _M. Petrēius_, a partisan of Pompey; fought against Caesar in Spain, Greece, and Africa.

=Petrōnius, ī=, m., _Petrōnius Secundus_, a partisan of Nerva.

=Pharnacēs, is=, m., Gr. acc. =Pharnacēn=, the son of Mithradates, who succeeded his father as king of Pontus.

=Phasēlis, idis=, f., a city of Lycia in Asia Minor.

=Philippī, ōrum=, pl. m., a city in Macedonia where Brutus and Cassius were defeated by Octavian 44 B.C.

=Philippus, ī=, m., 1. _Philip V._, king of Macedonia 220-178 B.C. 2. _(M. Iūlius) Philippus I._, Roman emperor 244-249 A.D. 3. _(M. Iūlius) Philippus II._, son of (2). 4. _L. Mārcius Philippus_, consul 91 B.C. 5. _Q. Mārcius Philippus_, consul 186 B.C.

=philosophia, ae=, f., _philosophy_.

=philosophus, ī=, m., _a philosopher_.

=Phoenīcē, ēs=, f., _Phoenicia_, a country of Syria.

=Phrygia, ae=, f., a division of Asia Minor.

=Pīcentēs, ium=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Picenum_.

=Pīcēnum, ī=, n., a division of Italy on the Adriatic Sea, north of Latium.

=pīlum, ī=, n., _a heavy javelin_; _pike_.

=pingō, ere, pīnxī, pīctus=, _to paint_; _represent_, _delineate_, _portray_.

=Pīraeus, ī=, m., the chief harbor of Athens.

=pīrāta, ae=, m., _a pirate_.

=pīrāticus, a, um= [=pīrāta=], adj., pertaining to pirates, piratical; =Pīrāticum bellum=, _war against the pirates_.

=piscis, is=, f., _a fish_.

=piscor, ārī, ātus sum= [=piscis=], _to fish_.

=pius, a, um=, adj., _reverent_, _pious_.

=placeō, ēre, uī, --=, _to please_, _be agreeable to_; _seem best to_; impers., =placet, placuit, placitum est=, _to be resolved by_. =dis--displiceō, ēre, uī, --=, _to displease_.

=placidus, a, um=, [=placō=, _to soothe_], adj., _calm_, _quiet_, _tranquil_.

=Plautius, ī=, m., _A. Plautius_, sent by the emperor Claudius in 43 A.D. to subdue Britain.

=plēbs, plēbis=, and =plēbēs, ēī=, f., _the common people_, _populace_, _plebeians_.

=plēnus, a, um= [=pleō=], adj., _full_.

=*pleō, ēre, plēvī, plētus=, _to fill_. =con--compleō, ēre, plēvī, plētus=, _to fill_ (to the brim); _complete_. =ex--expleō, ēre, plēvī, plētus=, _to fill up_, _fill_. =in--impleō, ēre, plēvī, plētus=, _to fill up_, _finish_.

=plērīque, aeque, aque=, adj., _very many_, _most_.

=plērumque=, adv., _mostly_, _generally_, _very often_.

=Plōtīna, ae=, f., the wife of the emperor Trajan.

=plūrimus=, see =multus=.

=Plūtarchus, ī=, m., a Greek philosopher and biographer.

=pōculum, ī=, n., _cup_.

=poēma, atis=, n., _a poem_.

=poena, ae=, f., _compensation_, _punishment_, _penalty_.

=Poenī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the Carthaginians_.

=Polemō, ōnis=, m., king of Pontus 39-62 A.D.

=Polemōniacus, a, um=, adj., _belonging to Polemō_.

=polliceor, ērī, itus sum=, _to promise_, _volunteer_.

=pompa, ae=, f., _a procession_, _parade_, _pomp_.

=Pompēius, ī=, m., 1. _Cn. Pompēius_, consul 89 B.C. 2. _Cn. Pompēius_, surnamed Magnus, the triumvir, consul 70 B.C. 3. _Cn. Pompēius_, son of the triumvir. 4. _Q. Pompēius_, consul 141 B.C. 5. _Sex. Pompēius_, younger son of the triumvir.

=Pompilius, ī=, m., _Numa Pompilius_, the second king of Rome, 715-672 B.C.

=pondō= [=pondus=], adv., _by weight_.

=pondus, eris=, [=pendo=, _to weigh_], n., _weight_.

=pōnō, ere, posuī, positus=, _to put down_, _place_, _set_, _deposit_; _serve_ (at meals); _spend_; _set up_, _build_; _pitch_. =ad--appōnō, ere, posuī, positus=, _to put before_, _place near_; _serve_ (at table). =con--compōnō, ere, posuī, positus=, _to arrange_, _settle_; _conclude_, _finish_. =dē--dēpōnō, ere, posuī, positus=, _to lay down_ or _aside_, _put down_; _stop_; _arrange_, _establish_. =dis--dispōnō, ere, posuī, positus=, _to arrange_, _array_, _dispose_. =in--impōnō, ere, posuī, positus=, _to place_ or _put upon_ or _in_; _establish_. =prae--praepōnō, ere, posuī, positus=, _to set over_, _put in charge of_. =re--repōnō, ere, posuī, positus=, _to put back_, _replace_, _restore_.

=pōns, pontis=, m., _a bridge_.

=Ponticus, a, um=, adj., _pertaining to Pontus_; =Ponticum= (=mare=), the Black Sea.

=pontifex, ficis=, m., _priest_.

=Pontius, ī=, m., see =Telesīnus=.

=Pontus, ī=, m., 1. _Pontus Euxīnus_, the Black Sea. 2. A country of Asia Minor on the Black Sea.

=populō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to plunder_, _ravage_, _lay waste_. =dē--dēpopulor, ārī, ātus sum=, _to lay waste_, _ravage_, _plunder_, _pillage_.

=populus, ī=, m., _a people_, _nation_.

=Porcius, ī=, m., the name of a Roman gens. See =Catō=.

=porrō= [=prō=], adv., _forward_, _henceforth_, _furthermore_, _again_.

=Porsenna, ae=, m., _Lars Porsenna_, king of Clusium in Etruria.

=porta, ae=, f., _a city gate_, _gate_.

=*portō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=porta=], _to bear_, _carry_. =ex--exportō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to carry out_, _export_. =re--reportō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to carry back_, _report_.

=porticus, ūs=, f., _a colonnade_, _arcade_, _portico_.

=pōscō, ere, poposcī, --=, _to ask_, _demand_.

=possideō, ēre, sēdī, sessus= [=sedeō=], _to occupy_, _hold_, _possess_.

=possum, posse, potuī, --= [=potis=, _able_ + =sum=], _to be able_, _can_; =plurimum posse=, _to have great power_.

=post=, (1) adv., _after_, _later_, _afterwards_; (2) prep. with acc., _after_, _behind_.

=posteā= [=post= + =is=], adv., _afterwards_.

=posterus, a, um= [=post=], adj., _following_, _next_; comp. =posterior, us=, gen. =ōris=, _later_; sup. =postrēmus=, _last_, _lowest_; =ad postērum=, _finally_; as subst., =posterī, ōrum=, pl. m., _descendants_, _posterity_.

=postquam= or =post … quam= [=post= + =quam=], conj., _after_, _when_.

=postrēmō= [=posterus=], adv., _at last_, _finally_.

=Postumius, ī=, m., see =Albīnus=.

=Postumus, ī=, m., _(M. Cassiānus) Postumus_, one of the Thirty Tyrants.

=potēns, entis= [=possum=], adj., _powerful_.

=potestās, ātis= [=possum=], f., _power_, _might_; _opportunity_, _permission_; _authority_, _sovereignty_.

=potior, īrī, ītus sum= [=potis=, _able_], _to get possession_, _acquire_.

=potius= [comp. of =potis=, _able_], adv., sup. =potissimum=; _rather_, _more_, _sooner_.

=prae=, prep. with abl., _before_, _in front of_, _in comparison with_.

=praebeō=, see habeō.

=praecēdō=, see =cēdō=.

=praeceps, cipitis= [=prae= + =caput=], adj., _headlong_, _hasty_; _steep_, _precipitous_.

=praecipiō=, see =capiō=.

=praecipitō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=praeceps=], _to throw headlong_, _cast down_; _rush down_.

=praecipuē= [=praecipuus=], adv., _chiefly_, _principally_, _especially_.

=praecipuus, a, um= [=praecipiō=], adj., _special_, _particular_; _eminent_, _prominent_.

=praeclārus, a, um= [=prae= + =clārus=], adj., _very bright_ or _brilliant_, _excellent_, _distinguished_.

=praeda, ae=, f., _booty_, _spoil_, _plunder_.

=praefectūra, ae=, f., _the office of overseer_, _superintendence_; _praefecture_.

=praefectus, ī=, m., _overseer_, _superintendent_; _praefect_.

=praeferō=, see =ferō=.

=praeficiō=, see =faciō=.

=praemium, ī= [=prae= + =emō=], n., _reward_, _prize_.

=Praeneste, is=, n., a town in Latium east of Rome, modern Palestrina.

=Praenestīnī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Praeneste_.

=praeparō=, see =parō=.

=praepōnō=, see =pōnō=.

=praesēns, entis= [=praesum=], adj., _at hand_, _present_.

=praeses, sidis= [=praesideō=], m., _a protector_, _guard_, _defender_; _president_.

=praesidium, ī= [=praesideō=], n., _help_, _aid_, _defense_; _defensive force_, _garrison_; _fort_, _station_, _post_.

=praestō=, see =stō=.

=praesum=, see =sum=.

=praeter=, prep. with acc., _past_, _beyond_; _contrary to_, _against_; _besides_, _except_.

=praetereā= [=praeter= + =is=], adv., _in addition to this_, _besides_, _moreover_.

=praetermittō=, see =mittō=.

=praetexō, ere, uī, tus= [=texō=, _to weave_], to provide with a border; =toga praetexta=, _a_ (purple) _bordered toga_, worn by magistrates and freeborn children till the sixteenth or seventeenth year, when they became of age and assumed the _toga virīlis_, which was wholly white; the girls wore the _toga praetexta_ until they married.

=praetor, ōris= [orig. =praeitor=, from =prae= + =eō=], m., _a leader_, _commander_; _praetor_, _magistrate_, _judge_.

=praetōriānus, a, um= [=praetōrium=], adj., _belonging to the bodyguard_; _praetorian_; as subst., =praetōriānī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the praetorians_.

=praetōrium, ī=, n., _the imperial bodyguard_.

=praetōrius, a, um= [=praetor=], adj., _of_ or _belonging to the praetor_ or _commander_; as subst., =praetōrius, ī=, m., _a man of praetorian rank, an ex-praetor_.

=praeveniō=, see =veniō=.

=prandium, ī=, n., _lunch_.

=prāvus, a, um=, adj., _crooked_, _wrong_; _perverse_, _wicked_.

=*prehendō, ere, ī, hēnsus=, _to grasp_. =dē--dēprehendō, ere, ī, hēnsus=, _to seize_, _catch_; _surprise_, _detect_, _discover_. =re--reprehendō, ere, ī, hēnsus=, _to hold back_, _check_; _blame_, _criticise_, _reprove_.

=premō, ere, pressī, pressus=, _to press_; _press hard_, _crush_. =ob--opprimō, ere, pressī, pressus=, _to crush utterly_, _overpower_, _overwhelm_.

=pretium, ī=, n., _price_, _value_; _reward_, _money_, _ransom_.

=prīmō= [=prīmus=], adv., _at first_.

=prīmum= [=prīmus=], adv., _first_.

=prīmus=, see =prior=.

=prīnceps, cipis= [=prīmus= + =capio=], adj., _first_, _foremost_; as subst. m., _leading man_, _chief_, _leader_.

=prīncipātus, ūs= [=prīnceps=], m., _a chief authority_ (in the state); _headship_, _leadership_; _reign_, _sovereignty_.

=prīncipium, ī= [=prīnceps=], n., _beginning_, _origin_.

=prior, us=, gen. =priōris=, comp. adj., former, previous, first, prior; sup. =prīmus=, _first_, _foremost_.

=prīscus, a, um= [=prius=], adj., _former_, _elder_; _primitive_, _strict_.

=Prīscus, ī=, m., see =Tarquinius=.

=prīstinus, a, um= [=prius=], adj., _former_, _old_.

=prius= [=prior=], adv., _before_, _sooner_, _previously_, _first of all_.

=prīvātim= [=prīvātus=], adv., _privately_, _as a single individual_.

=prīvātus, a, um= [=prīvō=, _to set apart_], adj., _private_, _individual_; as subst., =prīvātus, ī=, m., _a man in private life_, _a private citizen_.

=prīvīgna, ae=, f., _a stepdaughter_.

=prīvīgnus, ī=, m., _a stepson_.

=prō=, prep. with abl., _in front of_, _before in behalf of_; _in comparison with_, _in accordance with_.

=probe= [=probus=, estimable], adv., _right_, _well_, _properly_, _correctly_.

=probrōsus, a, um= [=probrum=], adj., _shameful_, _ignominious_, _infamous_.

=probrum, ī=, m., _a shameful act_, _base deed_; _immodesty_, _lewdness_; _insult_, _reproach_.

=Probus, ī=, m., _(M. Aurēlius) Probus_, Roman emperor 276-282 A.D.

=prōcēdō=, see =cēdō=.

=prōclīvus, a, um= [=prō= + =clīvus=, _slope_], adj., _sloping_, _steep_; _liable_, _prone_; _subject_, _ready_.

=prōcōnsul, is= [=prō=, _in place of_ + =cōnsul=], m., _a proconsul_, _governor_ of a province.

=prōcōnsulātus, a, um= [=prōcōnsul=], adj., _the office of a proconsul_, _proconsulate_.

=procul=, adv., _at a distance_, _far from_.

=Proculus, ī=, m., a famous Roman jurist.

=prōcumbō, ere, cubuī, cubitus= [=prō= + =cumbō=, _to lie_], _to lie down_, _sink_, _fall forward_; _fall_, _sink down_, _be beaten down_.

=prōdō=, see =dō=.

=prōdūcō=, see =dūcō=.

=proelium, ī=, n., _a battle_, _combat_, _engagement_.

=proficīscor, ī, fectus sum= [=prō= + =facīscor=, from =faciō=], _to set out_, _proceed_; _spring from_.

=prōflīgō=, see =*flīgō=.

=prōfluvium, ī=, n., _a flowing forth_; =ventris prōfluvium=, _diarrhea_.

=profugiō=, see =fugiō=.

=prōgredior=, see =*gradior=.

=prōmittō=, see =mittō=.

=prōmptus, a, um= [=prōmō=, _to set forth_], adj., _prepared_, _quick_, _prompt_.

=prōnūntiō=, see =nūntiō=.

=prōnus, a, um=, adj., _turned forward_, _inclined_; _tendency_; _disposed_, _prone_.

=prōpalam= [=prō= + =palam=], adv., _openly_, _publicly_, _manifestly_.

=prope=, adv., _near by_; _nearly_, _almost_.

=prōpēnsus, a, um=, adj., _hanging down_; _inclined_, _disposed_, _prone_.

=propior, us= [=prope=], comp. adj., _nearer_; sup. =proximus=, _nearest_, _next_; _latest_, _last_; _next_, _following_.

=proprius, a, um=, adj., _not common with others_, _own_, _special_, _individual_.

=propter=, prep. with acc., _on account of_.

=proptereā= [=propter= + =is=], adv., _for this reason_, _therefore_; =proptereā quod=, _because_.

=prōpūgnātor, ōris= [=prōpūgnō=, _to defend_], m., _a defender_.

=prōscrībō=, see =scrībō=.

=prōscrīptiō, ōnis= [=prōscrībō=], f., _a public notice of sale_, _proscription_.

=prōsequor=, see =sequor=.

=prōsper= and =prōsperus, a, um= [=prō= + =spēs=], adj., _according to one’s hopes_, _favorable_, _prosperous_.

=prōsperē= [=prōsperus=], adv., _propitiously_, _successfully_.

=prōstituō=, see =*statuō=.

=prōsum=, see =sum=.

=prōtrahō=, see =trahō=.

=prōvidē= [=prōvideō=, _to provide_, _foresee_], adv., _carefully_, _prudently_ (very rare).

=prōvincia, ae=, f., _an office_, _duty_; _province_.

=prōvinciālis, e= [=prōvincia=], adj., _of a province_, _provincial_; as subst., =prōvinciālis, is=, m., _a provincial_.

=prōvīsiō, ōnis= [=prōvideō=, _to foresee_], f., _a foreseeing_, _foreknowledge_; _foresight_, _providence_.

=prōvocō=, see =vocō=.

=proximus=, see =propior=.

=prūdentia, ae= [=prūdēns=, _foreseeing_], f., _foresight_, _practical wisdom_, _good sense_.

=prūna, ae=, f., _a burning coal_, _live coal_.

=Prūsiās, ae=, m., king of Bithynia 228-180 B.C.

=Pseudopersēs, eī=, m., a pretended son of Perseus.

=Pseudophilippus, ī=, m., a pretended son of Philip, king of Macedonia.

=Ptolemaeus, ī=, m., a name borne by the kings of Egypt after the time of Alexander the Great. 1. _Ptolemaeus Philadelphus_, 285-247 B.C. 2. _Ptolemaeus Euergetēs_, 247-222 B.C. 3. _Ptolemaeus Philometor_, 181-146 B.C. 4. _Ptolemaeus Aulētēs_, 47-43 B.C.

=Ptolemāïs, is=, f., a city in Libya.

=pūblicē= [=pūblicus=], adv., _in the name of_ (by order of) _the state_, _publicly_, _officially_.

=pūblicus, a, um= [orig. =poplicus=], adj., _belonging to the people_, _public_; _official_.

=Pūblicola, ae=, m., _L. (P.) Valerius Pūblicola_, consul 509 B.C.

=pudīcitia, ae= [=pudīcus=], f., _modesty_, _virtue_.

=pudīcus, a, um= [=pudeō=, _to be ashamed_], adj., _modest_, _virtuous_.

=puer, puerī=, m., _a child_; _boy_; _slave_.

=pūgna, ae=, f., _a combat_, _fight_, _battle_.

=pūgnātor, ōris=, m., _a fighter_, _combatant_.

=pūgnō, ārē, āvī, ātus= [=pūgna=], _to fight_; _oppose_, _resist_. =ex--expūgnō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to take by storm_, _capture_; _overpower_, _prevail upon_. =ob--oppūgnō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to fight against_, _assault_, _besiege_.

=Pulcher, chrī=, m., _P. Claudius Pulcher_, consul 249 B.C.

=Pullus, ī=, m., _L. Iūnius Pullus_, consul 249 B.C.

=Pulvillus, ī=, m., _(M.) Horātius Pulvillus_, consul 500 B.C.

=Pūnicus, a, um=, adj., _Phoenician_, _Punic_; _Carthaginian_; =Pūnicum bellum=, _Punic war_, first, 264-241 B.C.; second, 218-202 B.C.; third, 149-146 B.C.

=pūniō, īre, īvī, ītus= [=poena=], _to punish_.

=Pupiēnus, ī=, m. _(M. Clōdius) Pupiēnus (Māximus)_, Roman emperor 238 A.D.

=pūrgō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=pūrus + agō=], _to make clear_; _clear away_, _excuse_.

=purpura, ae=, f., _purple-color_, _purple_, _purple garment_.

=purpureus, a, um= [=purpura=], adj., _purple-colored_; _clothed in purple_.

=purpurō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=purpura=], _to be clothed in purple_.

=putō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to think_, _consider_, _suppose_.

=Pylaemēnēs, is=, m., king of Paphlagonia.

=Pȳrēnaeus, a, um=, adj. (sc. =mōns=), _the Pyrenees mountains_.

=Pyrrhus, ī=, m., king of Epirus, waged war against Rome 281-272 B.C.

Q.

=Q.=, abbreviation of the _praenomen_ =Quīntus=.

=Quādī, ōrum=, pl. m., a Suabian people.

=quadrāgēsimus, a, um= [=quadrāgintā=], num. adj., _fortieth_.

=quadriennium, ī= [=quattuor= + =annus=], n., _a period of four years_.

=quadringentī, ae, a= [=quattuor= + =centum=], num. adj., _four hundred_.

=quadringentiēs= [=quadringentī=], num. adv., _four hundred times_.

=quaerō, ere, quaesīvī, quaesītus=, _to seek_; _ask_; _get_, _obtain_.

=quaestor, ōris= [orig. =quaesitor=; cf. =quaerō=, =quaesō=], m., _quaestor_, _quartermaster_, a name given to certain magistrates who had the care of public moneys and military supplies, both at Rome and in the provinces.

=qualis, e=, adj., (1) interrog., _of what kind?_ _what sort of?_ (2) rel., _of such a kind_, _such as_, _as_.

=quam= [=quis=], adv., _how_, _how much_; after a comp., _than_; with a sup., _as possible_; =quam prīmum=, _as soon as possible_; =quamdiū=, _as long as_; =tam … quam=, _as … so, not only … but also_.

=quamquam=, conj., _although_, _even if_.

=quamvīs= [=quam= + =vīs=, from =volō=], adv. and conj., _however much_, _although_.

=quantus, a, um= [=quam=], adj., (1) interrog., =how great?= =how much?= (2) rel., correl. to =tantus=, _as great as_, _as_.

=quantum=, adv., _how much?_ _how far?_

=quārē= [=quā= + =rē=], adv., (1) interrog., =why?= (2) rel., _for which reason_, _wherefore_, _therefore_.

=quārtō= [=quārtus=], adv., _for the fourth time_.

=quārtus, a, um= [=quattuor=], num. adj., _fourth_.

=quasi=, adv. and conj., _as if_, _just as if_, _as though_; _on the ground that_.

=quātenus=, adv., (1) interrog., _to what point?_ _how far?_ (2) rel., _as far as_.

=quater= [=quattuor=], num. adv., _four times_.

=quaternī, ae, a= [=quater=], dist. num. adj., _four each_, _by fours_, _four at a time_.

=quattuor=, indecl. num. adj., _four_.

=quattuordecim= [=quattuor= + =decem=], indecl. num. adj., _fourteen_.

=-que=, conj. enclitic, _and_, _and yet_, _but_.

=queror, ī, questus sum=, _to complain_.

=quī, quae, quod=, rel. pron., _who_, _which_, _what_, _that_; _whoever_, _whatever_.

=quī, quae=, or =qua, quod=, indef. pron. used adjectivally, _any_, _some_.

=quia=, conj., _because_, _since_.

=quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumque=, indef. rel. pron., _whoever_, _whichever_, _whatever_.

=quīdam, quaedam, quiddam=, and as adj., =quoddam=, indef. pron., a _certain one_, _somebody_; _a certain_.

=quidem=, adv., _indeed_, _in fact_, _to be sure_; =nē … quidem=, _not even_, _not at all_.

=quiēscō, ere, ēvī, ētus=, _to rest_, _repose_, _keep quiet_.

=quiētus, a, um= [=quiēscō=], adj., _at rest_, _free from exertion_; _undisturbed_, _quiet_, _peaceful_.

=quīlibet, quaelibet, quodlibet= (=quidlibet=), indef. pron., _any one you please_, _any one_, _who_ or _whatsoever_.

=quīn= [=quī=, adv., _how?_ + =ne=], conj., _how not?_ _why not?_ _that_, _that not_, _but that_; =quīn et= or =etiam=, _nay more_.

=quīngentēsimus, a, um= [=quīngentī=], num. adj., _five hundredth_.

=quīngentī, ae, a= [=quīnque= + =centum=], num. adj., _five hundred_.

=quīnī, ae, a= [=quīnque=], dist. num. adj., _five each_, _by fives_.

=quīnquāgēsimus, a, um= [=quīnquāgintā=], num. adj., _fiftieth_.

=quīnquāgintā=, indecl. num. adj., _fifty_.

=quīnque=, indecl. num. adj., _five_.

=Quīnquegentiānī, ōrum=, pl. m., a people of Libya.

=Quīntillus, ī=, m., _(M. Aurēlius) Quīntillus_, brother of the emperor M. Aurelius Claudius.

=Quīntius, ī=, m., the name of a Roman gens. See =Cincinnātus=, =Flaminīnus=.

=quīntō= [=quīntus=], num. adv., _for the fifth time_.

=quīntus, a, um= [=quīnque=], num. adj., _fifth_.

=quippe=, adv., _indeed_, _as you see_, _surely_.

=quīque= ＝ =et quī=.

=Quirīnālis, is= (sc. =collis=), m., _the Quirinal Hill_, one of the seven hills of Rome.

=quis, qua, quid=, indef. pron. used substantively, _some one_, _any one_, _something_, _anything_.

=quisquam, quaequam, quicquam=, indef. pron., adj., or noun, _any one_, _anything_, _any_.

=quō= [=quī=], adv., (1) rel., _whither_, _where_; (2) interrog., _whither?_ _where?_ (3) indef., _to any place_, _anywhere_.

=quō= [=quī=], conj., with comparatives, _in order that_, _that_, _that thereby_; =quō minus=, _that not_.

=quod= [=quī=], conj., _because_, _supposing that_, _in that_, _so far as_; =quod sī=, _but if_.

=quondam=, adv., _once_, _formerly_, _sometime_.

=quoque=, conj., _also_, _too_.

=quoūsque=, adv., _till when?_ _how long?_ _until_ (late).

R.

=Raetia, ae=, f., a Roman province south of the Danube.

=rapiō, ere, rapuī, raptus=, _to seize and carry off_, _drag off_; _plunder_, _destroy_. =con--corripiō, ere, uī, reptus=, to seize, _snatch up_, _grasp_; _collect_, _carry off_, _plunder_. =dis--dīripiō, ere, uī, reptus=, _to tear asunder_, _ravage_, _plunder_. =ex--ēripiō, ere, uī, reptus=, _to take_ or _snatch away_; _rescue_; _deprive_.

=ratiō, ōnis= [=reor=, _to think_], f., _reckoning_, _calculation_, _account_; _method_, _plan_.

=rationālis, e= [=ratiō=], adj., _of_ or _belonging to accounts_; as subst., =rationālis, is=, m., _an accountant_.

=ratus, a, um= [=reor=, _to think_], adj., _thought out_, _defined_, _fixed_.

=Ravenna, ae=, f., a city in Cisalpine Gaul.

=rebellō=, see =bellō=.

=recēdō=, see =cēdō=.

=recēns, entis=, adj., _recent_, _late_, _fresh_.

=receptor, ōris= [=recipiō=], m., _a harborer_, _concealer_.

=recipiō=, see =capiō=.

=recognōscō=, see =nōscō=.

=reconciliō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to procure again_, _regain_; _reunite_, _reconcile_.

=recordor, ārī, ātus sum= [=re= + =cor=, _heart_], _to remember_, _recall_.

=rēctus, a, um= [=regō=], adj., _straight_, _direct_.

=recūsō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=re= + =causa=], _to refuse_, _object_, _decline_, _hesitate_.

=redō=, see =dō=.

=redeō=, see =eō=.

=redigō=, see =agō=.

=redimō=, see =emō=.

=redūcō=, see =dūcō=.

=referō=, see =ferō=.

=refōrmō, āre, --, ātus= [=re= + =fōrma=], _to shape again_, _reform_, _change_.

=refugiō=, see =fugiō=.

=rēgīna, ae= [=rēx=], f., _a queen_.

=regiō, ōnis= [=regō=], f., _a direction_; _region_, _territory_.

=rēgius, a, um= [=rēx=], adj., _royal_, _kingly_.

=rēgnō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=rēgnum=], _to be king_, _rule_.

=rēgnum, ī= [=rēx=], n., _kingship_, _supremacy_; _kingdom_, _reign_.

=regō, ere, rēxī, rēctus=, _to regulate_, _rule_, _conduct_. =ad--adrigō, ere, rēxī, rēctus=, _to set up_, _raise_, _erect_; _rouse_, _encourage_. =con--corrigō, ere, rēxī, rēctus=, _to straighten_, _correct_, _improve_. =per--pergō, ere, perrēxī, perrēctus=, _to go straight on_, _proceed_, _hasten_; with acc., _pursue with vigor_, _perform_.

=regredior=, see =*gradior=.

=Rēgulus, ī=, m., 1. _M. Atīlius Rēgulus_, consul 267 B.C. 2. _M. Atīlius Rēgulus_, consul 256 B.C.

=religiō, ōnis=, f., _sense of duty_; _religion_, _devotion to the gods_; _scruple_.

=relinquō, ere, līquī, līctus= [=re= + =linquō=, _to leave_], _to leave behind_, _leave_; _bequeath_; _appoint by will_.

=reliquiae, ārum= [=relinquō=], pl. f., _remainder_, _remnant_, _residue_.

=reliquus, a, um= [=relinquō=], adj., _remaining_, _rest_.

=remandō=, see =mandō=.

=remaneō=, see =maneō=.

=remeō, āre, āvī, --=, _to go back_, _return_.

=remittō=, see =mittō=.

=removeō=, see =moveō=.

=rēmus, ī=, m., =an oar=.

=Remus, ī=, m., the brother of Romulus.

=renovō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=re= + =novus=], _to renew_.

=reparō=, see =parō=.

=repente= [=repēns=, _sudden_], adv., _suddenly_.

=repentīnus, a, um= [=repēns=, _sudden_], adj., _sudden_, _unexpected_.

=reperiō=, see =*pariō=.

=repetō=, see =petō=.

=repōnō=, see =pōnō=.

=reportō=, see =*portō=.

=reprehendō=, see =*prehendō=.

=repressor, ōris= [=reprimō=, _to check_], m., _a restrainer_, _represser_.

=repudiō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to cast off_, _divorce_; _reject_, _scorn_.

=rēs, reī=, f., _thing_, _matter_; _affair_, _deed_, _exploit_, _event_; _circumstance_; _story_; _property_, _fortune_; _trouble_; =rēs familiāris=, _private property_; =rēs pūblica=, _the commonwealth_, _state_; =rēs gestae=, _exploits_.

=reservō=, see =servō=.

=resideō=, see =sedeō=.

=resistō=, see =*sistō=.

=respondeō=, see =spondeō=.

=respōnsum, ī= [=respondeō=], n., _an answer_.

=rēs pūblica=, see =rēs=.

=restituō=, see =*statuō=.

=resūmō=, see =sūmō=.

=rēte, is=, n., _a net_, _snare_.

=retineō=, see =teneō=.

=retrō=, adv., _backward_, _behind_.

=reus, ī=, m., _defendant_, _accused person_; _prisoner_.

=revehō=, see =vehō=.

=reverentia, ae= [=re= + =vereor=], f., _respect_, _awe_, _reverence_.

=revertor=, see =*vertō=.

=revocō=, see =vocō=.

=rēx, rēgis= [=regō=], m., _a king_.

=Rēx, Rēgis=, m., _Q. Mārcius Rēx_, consul 118 B.C.

=Rhēa, ae=, f., _Rhēa Silvia_, the mother of Romulus and Remus.

=Rhēnus, ī=, m., _the Rhine_.

=Rhodanus, ī=, m., _the Rhone_.

=Rhodiī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the Rhodians_, the people of the island of Rhodes.

=Rhodopa, ae=, f., a lofty mountain in Thrace.

=Rhodus, ī=, f., _Rhodes_, an island in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea.

=rīpa, ae=, f., _the bank of a river_.

=rīpēnsis, e= [=rīpa=], adj., _situated_ or _stationed on the banks of a river_; =Dācia rīpēnsis=, _Dacia on the Danube_.

=rogō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to ask_, _inquire_; _request_, _implore_. =ab--abrogō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to appeal_; _annul_, _abrogate_.

=Rōma, ae=, f., _Rome_.

=Rōmānus, a, um=, adj., _Roman_; as subst., =Rōmānī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the Romans_.

=Rōmulus, ī=, m., the son of Rhea Silvia and Mars, the founder of Rome.

=rōstrātus, a, um= [=rōstrum=], adj., _furnished with beaks_.

=rōstrum, ī=, n., _the beak of a ship_; pl., the Rostra or speaker’s platform in the Forum (adorned with the beaks of captured ships).

=ruber, bra, brum=, adj., _red_; =Rubrum mare=, _the Red Sea_.

=Rūfīnus, ī=, m., _P. Cornēlius Rūfīnus_, consul 290 B.C.

=Rūfus, ī=, m., the name of a Roman family. 1. _M. Minucius Rūfus_, consul 221 B.C. 2. _(Q.) Minucius Rūfus_, consul 110 B.C. 3. _P. Sulpicius (Rūfus)_, a partisan of Marius.

=rumpō, ere, rūpī, ruptus=, _to break_, _destroy_. =con--corrumpō, ere, rūpī, ruptus=, _to destroy_; _seduce_, _bribe_, _corrupt_. =ex--ērumpō, ere, rūpī, ruptus=, _to break forth_ or _out_, _burst forth_. =in--inrumpō, ere, rūpī, ruptus=, _to break in_, _fall upon_; _interrupt_.

=rūrsus= or =rūrsum= [orig. =revorsus=; cf. =revertō=], adv., _back_; _again_.

=rūsticus, a, um= [=rūs=, _the country_], adj., _of the country_, _rustic_; as subst., =rūsticānī, ōrum=, pl. m., _countrymen_.

=Rutilius, ī=, m., _P. Rutilius_, consul 90 B.C.

S.

=Sabīnī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the Sabines_, a race in central Italy, adjoining Latium on the east.

=Sabīnus, ī=, m., 1. _Oppius Sabīnus_, a Roman general slain by Dacians during the reign of Domitian. 2. _Q. Titūrius (Sabīnus)_, a lieutenant of Caesar. 3. _(Flavius) Sabīnus_, brother of the emperor Vespasian.

=sacer, cra, crum=, adj., _holy_, _sacred_; as subst., sacrum, ī, n., _a holy thing_, _sacred vessel_; pl. _religious rites_, _sacrifices_.

=sacerdōs, ōtis= [=sacer=], m. and f., _priest_, _priestess_.

=sacrāmentum, ī= [=sacrō=], n., _an oath_.

=*sacrō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to set apart_; _bless_; _curse_.

=con--cōnsecrō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to dedicate_, _consecrate_, _devote_. =ex--exsecror, ārī, ātus sum=, _to curse_, _abhor_. =ob--obsecrō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to implore_, _supplicate_.

=saepe=, adv., _frequently_, _often_.

=saeviō, īre, īvī (iī), ītus= [=saevus=], _to be fierce_ or _cruel_, _rage_; _punish cruelly_.

=saevitia, ae= [=saevus=], f., _fury_, _cruelty_.

=saevus, a, um=, adj., _raging_, _fierce_, _cruel_.

=sagāx, ācis=, adj., _of quick perception_, _sagacious_, _keen-scented_.

=sagitta, ae=, f., _arrow_.

=sagittārius, ī= [=sagitta=], m., _an archer_, _bowman_.

=Saguntīnī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Saguntum_.

=Saguntum, ī=, n., a city on the eastern coast of Spain.

=salārius, a, um= [=sāl=, _salt_], adj., _of salt_, _salty_; _via Salāria_, the road from Rome to Reate.

=Salassī, ōrum=, pl. m., a people living in the Alps.

=Salīnātōr, ōris=, m., _M. Līvius Salīnātōr_, consul 210 B.C.

=Sallentīnī, ōrum=, pl. m., a people of Calabria in southern Italy.

=Salōnae, ārum=, pl. f., a city in Dalmatia.

=saltō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to dance_, _leap_.

=salūtō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=salūs=, _health_], _to wish one health_, _greet_, _salute_, _visit_.

=Salvius=, ī, m., see =Iūliānus=.

=salvus, a, um=, adj., _well_, _safe_, _sound_.

=Samnītēs, um=, Gr. acc. pl. =Samnītas=, pl. m., _the Samnites_, a branch of the Sabine race inhabiting the mountains southeast of Latium.

=Samnium, ī=, n., a division of middle Italy.

=Samus, ī=, f., an island in the Mediterranean Sea, near the coast of Asia Minor.

=sanguinārius, a, um= [=sanguis=], adj., _bloodthirsty_, _bloody_, _sanguinary_.

=sanguis, inis=, m., _blood_.

=Sapōr, ōris=, m., the name of several Persian kings. 1. _Sapor I._, 240-273 A.D. 2. _Sapor II._, 310-381 A.D.

=Sardī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the Sardinians_, inhabitants of the island of Sardinia.

=Sardica, ae=, f., a city in Lower Moesia.

=Sardinia, ae=, f., _Sardinia_, an island in the Mediterranean Sea, west of Italy.

=Sardiniēnsēs, ium=, pl. m., _the Sardinians_, inhabitants of the island of Sardinia.

=Sarmatae, ārum=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Sarmatia_.

=Sarmatia, ae=, f., _Sarmatia_, now the eastern part of Poland and the southern part of Russia in Europe.

=Sāturnīnus, ī=, m., one of the Thirty Tyrants.

=sauciō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=saucius=], _to wound_.

=Sauromātae, ārum=, pl. m., a people of Asia dwelling on the Tanaïs.

=Saxonēs, um=, pl. m., _the Saxons_.

=saxum, ī=, n., _a stone_, _rock_, _boulder_.

=*scandō, ere, --, --=, _to climb_, _mount_. =ad--ascendō, ere, ī, scēnsus=, _to climb up_, _mount_, _ascend_. =con--cōnscendō, ere, ī, scēnsus=, _to mount_, _ascend_; _go on board_.

=Scaevola, ae=, m., _Q. Mūcius Scaevola_, consul 117 B.C.

=scelerātus, a, um= [=scelus=], adj., _wicked_, _infamous_.

=scelus, eris=, n., _a sin_, _crime_.

=scēna, ae=, f., _a stage_.

=scientia, ae= [=sciō=], f., _knowledge_, _skill_.

=scīlicet= [=scīre= + =licet=], adv., _plainly_, _of course_, _doubtless_.

=sciō, īre, scīvī, scītus=, _to know_, _understand_.

=Scīpiō, ōnis=, m., the name of one of the most illustrious families of Rome. 1. _Cornēlius Scīpiō_, consul 83 B.C. 2. _Cn. Cornēlius Scīpiō_, consul 222 B.C. 3. _L. (Cornēlius) Scīpiō_, consul 259 B.C. 4. _P. Cornēlius Scīpiō_, consul 218 B.C. 5. _P. Cornēlius Scīpiō_, consul 191 B.C. 6. _P. Cornēlius Scīpiō_, praetor 94 B.C. 7. _P. Cornēlius Scīpiō Āfricānus_, consul 205 B.C., the conqueror of Hannibal in the First Punic War. 8. _P. Cornēlius Scīpiō Āfricānus (Minor)_, consul 147 B.C. He brought the Third Punic War to a close by capturing and destroying Carthage. 9. _L. Cornēlius Scīpiō Asiāgenēs_, consul 83 B.C. 10. _P. (Cornēlius) Scīpiō Nāsīca_, consul 91 B.C.

=Scordiscī, ōrum=, pl. m., a Thracian people.

=scrība, ae= [=scrībō=], f., _a clerk_, _secretary_.

=scrībō, ere, scrīpsī, scrīptus=, _to write_. =dē--dēscrībō, ere, scrīpsī, scrīptus=, _to copy off_, _sketch_, _describe_. =prō--prōscrībō, ere, scrīpsī, scrīptus=, _to offer for sale_; _proscribe_, _outlaw_.

=Scrībonius, ī=, m., see =Curiō=.

=scrīnium, ī=, n., _a case_, _box_ (especially for books and papers).

=Scythae, ārum=, pl. m., a wandering tribe of Europe and Asia north of the Black and Caspian Seas.

=sē=, see =suī=.

=sectiō, ōnis=, f., _a sale at auction of confiscated property_.

=secundō= [=secundus=], adv., _for the second time_.

=secundus, a, um= [=sequor=], adj., _second_; _favorable_, _successful_.

=Secundus, ī=, m., _Petrōnius Secundus_, a partisan of Nerva.

=sēcūritās, ātis= [=sēcūrus=, _free from care_], f., _freedom from care_, _security_.

=sed=, conj., _but_; _yet_.

=sedeō, ēre, sēdī, sessus=, _to sit_, _settle_, _remain_, _be encamped_. =ob--obsideō, ēre, sēdī, sessus=, _to besiege_, _occupy_; _watch closely_. =re--resideō, ēre, sēdī, --=, _to sit back_, _remain sitting_, _be left behind_, _remain_.

=sēdēs, is= [cf. =sedeō=], f., _seat_, _chair_; _residence_, _abode_.

=sēditiō, ōnis= [=sed= + =itiō=, from =eō=], f., _dissension_, _rebellion_, _revolt_.

=sēditiōsē= [=sēditiō=], adv., _seditiously_.

=Seleucīa, ae=, f., 1. A city in Assyria. 2. A city in Cilicia. 3. A city in Syria.

=sella, ae= [=sedeō=], f., _a seat_, _chair_.

=semel=, adv., _once_.

=sēmibarbarus, ī=, m., _semi-barbarian_.

=semper=, adv., _always_.

=Semprōnius, ī=, m., P. Semprōnius, consul 268 B.C. See =Blaesus=, =Gracchus=.

=Sēna, ae=, f., a city in Umbria in Italy.

=senātor, ōris= [=senātus=], m., _a senator_.

=senātus, ūs= [cf. =senex=], m., _council of elders_, _senate_, in the time of the kings a mere advisory body, called together by the king when he desired advice, but later the chief power in the Roman state.

=senectūs, ūtis= [=senex=], f., _old age_.

=senēscō, ere, senuī, --= [=senex=], _to grow old._ =con--cōnsenēscō, ere, senuī, --=, _to grow old_.

=senex, gen. senis=, adj., _old_; comp. =senior=, _elder_; sup. =māximus= (=nātū=), _eldest_. As subst., =senex, senis=, m., _an old man_; =seniōrēs, um=, pl. m., =the elders= (men over 45).

=senior=, see =senex=.

=Senonēs, um=, pl. m., a people of Celtic Gaul.

=Senonēs, um=, pl. m., the chief city of the Senones.

=sententia, ae= [=sentiō=], f., _an opinion_, _judgment_; _sense_.

=sentiō, īre, sēnsī, sēnsus=, _to discern by sense_, _feel_; _see_, _perceive_. =ad--adsentor, ārī, ātus sum=, _to assent_, _flatter_, _fawn_. =con--cōnsentiō, īre, sēnsī, sēnsus=, _to agree_; _conspire_, _plot_.

=Sentius, ī=, m., _Cn. Sentius_, a Roman general during the reign of the emperor Claudius.

=sepeliō, īre, īvī (iī), sepultus=, _to bury_, _inter_.

=septem=, indecl. num. adj., _seven_.

=September, bris=, m., _September_, the seventh month of the year beginning with March.

=septendecim= [=septem= + =decem=], indecl. num. adj., _seventeen_.

=septennium, ī= [=septem= + =annus=], n., _the space of seven years_.

=Septimius, ī=, m., see =Sevērus=.

=septimus, a, um= [=septem=], num. adj., _seventh_.

=septingentēsimus, a, um= [=septingentī=, _seven hundred_], num. adj., _seven hundredth_.

=septuāgenārius, a, um= [=septuāgintā=], num. adj., _of_ or _belonging to the number seventy_.

=septuāgēsimus, a, um= [=septuāgintā=], num. adj., _seventieth_.

=septuāgintā= [=septem=], indecl. num. adj., _seventy_.

=sepultūra, ae= [=sepeliō=], f., _burial_, _funeral_.

=Sēquanī, ōrum=, pl. m., an important tribe in eastern Gaul north of the Rhone.

=sequor, ī, secūtus sum=, _to follow_, _pursue_; _ensue_. =con--cōnsequor, ī, secūtus sum=, _to pursue_, _overtake_; _arrive_; _obtain_. =in--īnsequor, ī, secūtus sum=, _to pursue_, _follow up_. =ob--obsequor, ī, secūtus sum=, _to submit to_, _indulge in_, _assist_. =per--persequor, ī, secūtus sum=, _to pursue_, _prosecute_; _relate_. =prō--prōsequor, ī, secūtus sum=, _to follow after_, _pursue_, _address_.

=Serāpīum, ī=, n., _Serāpīum_, the temple of Serapis.

=Serdica, ae=, f., a town in Upper Moesia, the modern Sofia.

=Sergius, ī=, m., see =Catilīna=.

=sēricus, a, um=, adj., _of silk_, _silken_.

=sermō, ōnis=, m., _talk_, _conversation_, _ discourse_.

=*serō, ere, --, tus=, _to bind together_.

=ad--adserō, ere, uī, tus=, _to claim_, _lay claim to_.

=con--cōnserō, ere, uī, tus=, _to join in battle_; =cōnserere manūs=, _to fight hand to hand_.

=dē--dēserō, ere, uī, tus=, _to leave_, _abandon_, _desert_.

=in--īnserō, ere, uī, tus=, _to fasten into_; _insert_.

=Sertōrius, ī=, m., _Q. Sertōrius_, an officer in the army of Marius. He went to Spain as propraetor in 82 B.C. and maintained an independent command until his death in 72 B.C.

=Servīlius, ī=, m., _Q. Servīlius_, consul 365 B.C. See =Caepiō=, =Casca=, =Vatia=.

=serviō, īre, īvī= (=iī=), =ītus=, _to be the slave of_, _devote one’s self to_; _have regard to_.

=Servius, ī=, m., see =Tullius=.

=servitium, ī= [=servus=], n., _slavery_; _slaves_.

=servitūs, ūtis= [=servus=], f., _slavery_.

=servō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to save_, _preserve_, _watch_.

=con--cōnservō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to keep safe_, _preserve_.

=re--reservō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to keep back_, _reserve_, _preserve_.

=servus, ī=, m., _a slave_, _servant_.

=sēsē=, see =suī=.

=sēstertius, ī= [=sēmis=, _half_, + =tertius=], m., (sc. =nummus=), _a sesterce_, a small silver coin equivalent originally to two and one-half asses, but later worth about four cents. In naming large sums the Romans spoke of “so many times a hundred thousand sestertii” (_centēna mīlia sēstertium_).

=sevērē= [=sevērus=], adv., sup. =sevērissimē=; _strictly_, _severely_.

=sevērissimē=, see =sevērē=.

=sevēritās, ātis= [=sevērus=], f., _strictness_, _severity_, _sternness_.

=sevērus, a, um=, adj., _serious_, _strict_, _harsh_.

=Sevērus, ī=, m., 1. _(L.) Septimius Sevērus_, Roman emperor 193-211 A.D. 2. _(Flavius Valerius) Sevērus_, Roman emperor 306-307 A.D.

=sex=, indecl. num. adj., _six_.

=Sex.=, abbreviation of the praenomen =Sextus=.

=sexāgenārius, a, um= [=sexāgintā=], num. adj., _belonging to sixty_; =māior sexāgenāriō=, _older than sixty years_.

=sexāgēsimus, a, um= [=sexāgintā=], num. adj., _sixtieth_.

=sexāgintā= [=sex=], indecl. num. adj., _sixty_.

=sexcentēsimus, a, um= [=sexcentī=], num. adj., _six hundredth_.

=sexcentī, ae, a= [=sex + centum=], num. adj., _six hundred_.

=sexdecim= or =sēdecim= [=sex= + =decem=], indecl. num. adj., _sixteen_.

=sexiēs= [=sex=], num. adv., _six times_.

=Sextus, ī=, m., _Sextus Chaeronēnsis_, a teacher of Antoninus Pius.

=sextus, a, um= [=sex=], num. adj., _sixth_.

=sī=, conj., _if whether_; =quod sī=, _but if_.

=sīc=, adv., _so_, _thus_; =sīc … ut=, _just as_.

=Sicilia, ae=, f., _the island of Sicily_.

=Siculī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Sicily_.

=sīcut= [=sīc= + =ut=], adv., _just as_.

=sīdō, ere, --, --=, _to seat one’s self_, _sit down_. =con--cōnsīdō, ere, sēdī, sessus=, _to sit down_; _settle_, _encamp_, _take a position_.

=sīgnificō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=sīgnum= + =faciō=], _to make signs_, _show_; _point out_, _indicate_.

=sīgnum, ī=, n., _sign_, _signal_; _military_ _standard_, _ensign_; _statue_, _image_.

=Sīlānus, ī=, m., a celebrated Roman family. 1. _D. Iūnius Sīlānus_, consul 62 B.C. 2. _M. Iūnius Sīlānus_, consul 109 B.C.

=Silvānus, ī=, m., a Roman who revolted in Gaul during the reign of the emperor Constantius.

=Silvia=, see =Rhēa=.

=similis, e=, adj., sup. =simillimus=; _like_, _similar_.

=simul=, adv., _at the same time_; =simul atque= or =ac=, _as soon as_.

=sine=, prep. with abl., _without_.

=Singara, ae=, f., a city in Mesopotamia, on the Tigris.

=singulāris, e= [=singulī=], adj., _one by one_, _single_, _individual_; _remarkable_, _singular_, _unparalleled_.

=singulī, ae, a=, adj., _one at a time_, _one apiece_, _single_.

=sinister, tra, trum=, adj., _left_.

=sinō, ere, sīvī, situs=, _to put_, _place_; _permit_, _let._ =dē--dēsinō, ere, sīvī (iī), situs=, _to cease_, _stop_.

=Sinōpē, ēs=, f., a city in Paphlagonia, on the Black Sea.

=Sipylus, ī=, m., a mountain in Lydia.

=Sirmium, ī=, n., a city in Lower Pannonia.

=*sistō, ere, stitī, status=, _to cause to stand_, _place_, _set_; _stand_. =con--cōnsistō, ere, stitī, --=, _to stand_, _take position_ (of an army); _stop_, _halt_; _be firm_, _endure_, _continue_. =ex--exsistō, ere, stitī, --=, _to make come out_; _appear_, _arise_, _project_, _exist_. =re--resistō, ere, stitī, --=, _to oppose_, _withstand_, _resist_.

=situs, a, um= [orig. part. of =sinō=], adj., _placed_, _situate_, _lying_.

=Smyrna, ae=, f., one of the most flourishing and important sea-ports of Asia Minor.

=socer, erī=, m., _father-in-law_.

=sociālis, e= [=socius=], adj., _social_.

=socius, ī=, m., _a comrade_, _ally_, _confederate_.

=sōcordia, ae=, f., _dullness_, _carelessness_; _laziness_, _indolence_.

=sōl, sōlis=, m., _the sun_; =Sōl, Sōlis=, m., _the Sun-god_.

=sōlitūdō, inis= [=sōlus=], f., _loneliness_; _lonely place_, _wilderness_.

=sollers, ertis=, adj., _skillful_, _expert_.

=sollicitō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=sollicitus=, _agitated_], _to urge_, _incite_, _tempt_, _solicit_.

=sollicitūdō, inis= [=sollicitus=, _agitated_], f., _uneasiness of mind_, _care_, _anxiety_.

=solum, ī=, n., _the ground_, _soil_.

=sōlum= [=sōlus=], adv., _only_.

=sōlus, a, um=, gen. =sōlīus=, dat. =sōlī=, adj., _only_, _alone_.

=solvō, ere, solvī, solūtus=, _to loose_; _set sail_; _annul_; _pay_; _unseal_, _open_.

=Sophanēnē, ēs=, f., or _Sophene_, a division of Armenia Maior.

=soror, ōris=, f., _a sister_.

=Sp.=, abbreviation of the praenomen =Spurius=.

=Spartacus, ī=, m., a Roman gladiator who led an insurrection of gladiators and slaves, 73 B.C.

=spatiōsus, a, um= [=spatium=, _space_], adj., _roomy_, _of great extent_, _ample_, _extensive_.

=*speciō, ere, spēxī, --=, (obsolete), _to look_. =ad--adspiciō, ere, spēxī, spectus=, _to look at_, _examine_, _inspect_. =con--cōnspiciō, ere, spēxī, spectus=, _to catch sight of_, _spy_; _see_.

=spectāculum, ī= [=spectō=, _to look at_], n., _a show_, _spectacle_.

=spectō, āre, āvī, ātus= [freq. of =*speciō=], _to look at_, _watch_, _behold_. =ex--exspectō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to look out for_, _wait for_, _await_.

=speculātor, ōris=, m., _a spy_.

=spēs, eī=, f., _hope_, _expectation_.

=spolium, ī=, n., _spoil_, _booty_.

=spondeō, ēre, spopondī, spōnsus=, _to promise_. =re--respondeō, ēre, ī, spōnsus=, _to answer_, _reply_; _correspond to_, _agree with_.

=sponte= [abl. of =spōns=, obs.], f., _voluntarily_; with =meā, tuā=, or =suā=, _of my_, _your_, or _his own free will_.

=stadium, ī=, n., _a stade_, _stadium_, _furlong_, 606¾ English feet; _a course for foot races_; _race course_; _Stadium_, the race course built by Domitian.

=statim= [=stō=], adv., _instantly_, _at once_.

=statiō, ōnis= [=stō=], f., _a picket_, _guard_.

=statīvus, a, um= [=stō=], adj., _permanent_, _stationary_; =castra statīva=, _a permanent camp_.

=statua, ae= [=stō=], _a statue_, _image_.

=*statuō, ere, ī, ūtus= [=stō=], _to cause to stand_, _set up_, _place_; _determine_; _determine on_; _arrange_, _appoint_. =con--cōnstituō, ere, ī, ūtus=, _to set up_, _erect_; _set in order_, _organize_; _arrange_, _appoint_; _resolve_. =dē--dēstituō, ere, ī, ūtus=, _to set down_, _deposit_. =in--īnstituō, ere, ī, ūtus=, _to set in place_, _arrange_; _found_, _establish_; _determine_, _undertake_, _begin_; _train_, _teach_. =prō--prōstituō, ere, ī, ūtus=, _to set forth in public_, _expose_; _dishonor_, _prostitute_, _offer for sale_. =re--restituō, ere, ī, ūtus=, _to set up again_, _replace_, _restore_, _reinstate_; _repair_, _remedy_, _save_.

=status, ūs= [=stō=], m., _state_, _position_, _rank_.

=stella, ae=, f., _a star_.

=stercus, oris=, n., _dung_, _excrement_, _manure_.

=sternō, ere, strāvī, strātus=, _to lay low_, _scatter_; _pave_.

=stilus, ī=, m., _stilus_, _pen_.

=stīpendiārius, a, um= [=stīpendium=], adj., _tributary_, _paying tribute_.

=stīpendium, ī= [=stips=, _gift_ + =pendō=], n., _a payment_; _salary, pay; campaign_.

=stīpes, itis=, m., _a log_, _stock_, _post_, _trunk_.

=*stō, āre, stetī, status=, _to stand_, _take the part of_, _stand firm_; _continue_. =ad--astō, āre, stitī, --=, _to stand at_, _be at hand_. =in--īnstō, āre, stitī, statūrus=, _to draw near_, _be present_; _press on_, _pursue_. =prae--praestō, āre, stitī, stitus=, _to show_; _bestow_, _supply_; _surpass_; _be preferable_; _do_, _perform_.

=Stoicus, a=, um, adj., _Stoic_.

=stolidē=, adv., _stupidly_, _stolidly_.

=strangulō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to strangle_, _throttle_, _kill_.

=Stratonīcē, ēs=, f., a city in Caria in Asia Minor.

=strēnuē= [=strēnuus=], adv., sup. =strēnuissimē=, _vigorously_.

=strēnuissimē=, see =strēnuē=.

=strēnuus, a, um=, adj., _brisk_, _active_, _vigorous_.

=strictim=, adv., _superficially_, _summarily_, _briefly_.

=studeō, ēre, uī, --=, _to be eager_, _take pains about_, _pay attention to_; _wish_, _try_; _favor_.

=studiōsē= [=studiōsus=, _eager_], adv., _eagerly_, _zealously_.

=studium, ī= [=studeō=], n., _zeal_, _enthusiasm_; _desire_, _pursuit_, _study_; _good wil_l, _affection_.

=stuprō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=stuprum=], _to debauch_, _dishonor_.

=stuprum, ī=, n., _debauchery_, _defilement_, _dishonor_.

=suādeō, ēre, suāsī, suāsus=, _to advise_, _urge_, _exhort_.

=sub=, prep. with acc., _under_, _towards_, _until_, _after_; with abl., _under_, _beneath_, _at the foot of_, _close to_; _in the reign of_.

=subiciō=, see =*iaciō=.

=subigō=, see =agō=.

=subitō= [=subitus=], adv., _suddenly_.

=subitus, a, um= [=subeō=], adj., _sudden_, _unexpected_.

=subiugō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=sub= + =iugum=], _to bring under the yoke_; _subject_, _subjugate_.

=sublātus=, see =tollō=.

=submoveō=, see =moveō=.

=subtīlis, e=, adj., _nice_, _precise_, _accurate_, _subtle_.

=suburbānus, a, um= [=urbs=], adj., _near the city_, _suburban_.

=subveniō=, see =veniō=.

=succēdō=, see =cēdō=.

=successor, ōris= [=succēdō=], m., _a follower_, _successor_.

=successus, ūs= [=succēdō=], m., _favorable outcome_, _success_.

=sūdor, ōris= [=sūdō=, to sweat], m., _sweat_; _fatigue_.

=Suessa, ae=, f., _Suessa Pōmētia_, a city of the Volsci, in Latium.

=Suēvī, ōrum=, pl. m., a confederacy of German tribes.

=Suēvia, ae=, f., _Suēvia_, the land of the Suevi, modern Bavaria and Wurtemberg.

=suī=, gen., =sibi=, dat., =sē= (=sēsē=), acc. and abl., reflex. pron., sing. and pl., _himself_, _herself_, _itself_, _themselves_.

=Sulla, ae=, m., _L. Cornēlius Sulla_, surnamed Felix, consul 88 B.C.

=Sulpicius, ī=, m., 1. _C. Sulpicius_, dictator 304 B.C. 2. _P. Sulpicius_, consul 279 B.C. 3. _P. Sulpicius_, consul 211 B.C. See =Rūfus=.

=sum, esse, fuī, futūrus=, _to be_, _exist_, _live_; with gen., _belonging to_, _be a part of_; _be true_, _be so_; _happen_, _take place_; with dat., _have_, _possess_.

=ab--absum, esse, āfuī, --=, _to be away_ or _absent_, _be far from_; =prope abesse=, _to be at no great distance_, _be near_. =in--īnsum, īnesse, īnfuī, --=, _to be in_ or _on_; _belong to_. =inter--intersum, esse, fuī, --=, _to be present at_, _take part in_. =prae--praesum, praeesse, fuī, --=, _to be over_ or _before_; _rule_, _govern_, _be in command of_. =prō--prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuī, --=, _to benefit_, _profit_, _aid_. =super--supersum, esse, fuī, --=, _to be over and above_, _remain_; _survive_, _outlive_.

=summus=, see =superus=.

=sumō, ere, sūmpsī, sūmptus=, _to use up_, _spend_.

=con--cōnsūmō, ere, sūmpsī, sūmptus=, _to use up_; _devour_, _waste_; _destroy_; _spend_, _pass_; _use_, _employ_.

=re--resūmō, ere, sūmpsī, sūmptus=, _to take up again_, _take back_, _resume_.

=sūmptus, ūs= [=sūmō=], m., _outlay_, _expense_.

=supellex or supellectilis, is=, f., _household stuff_, _furniture_.

=super=, prep. with acc., _over_, _above_, _upon_, _in addition to_; with abl., _over_, _above_, _upon_, _on_; _about_, _of_, _concerning_.

=superbia, ae= [=superbus=], f., _haughtiness_, _pride_.

=superbus, a, um=, adj., _haughty_, _proud_, _august_.

=superfluus, a, um= [=super= + =fluō=], adj., _running over_, _superfluous_; _unnecessary_.

=superior=, see =superus=.

=superō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=super=], _to pass over_ or _around_, _overcome_, _conquer_; _survive_.

=supersum=, see =sum=.

=superus, a, um= [=super=], adj., _above_, _on high_; comp. =superior, ius=, _upper_, _higher_, _earlier_, _superior_; _victorious_; _elder_; sup. =summus, a, um=, _highest_, _chief_, _utmost_.

=superveniō=, see =veniō=.

=supplicium, ī= [=supplex=, _a suppliant_], n., _punishment_, _execution_, _torture_.

=suprā=, adv. and prep. with acc., _above_, _over_, _before_, _on_.

=Surēna, ae=, m., a general of the Parthians who defeated Crassus in 54 B.C.

=suscipiō=, see =capiō=.

=suspectus, a, um= [orig. part. of =suspiciō=], adj., _mistrusted_, _suspected_.

=suspīciō, ōnis= [=suspiciō=, _to suspect_], f., _distrust_, _suspicion_.

=sustineō=, see =teneō=.

=sustulī=, see =tollō=.

=Sutrinī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Sutrium_, a city in Etruria in Italy.

=suus, a, um= [=suī=], pron. adj., _his own_, _her own_, _its own_, _their own_; _his_, _her_, _its_, _their_; as subst., =suī, ōrum=, pl. m., _his (their) friends_, _followers_, _soldiers_ or _fellow-citizens_.

=Symiasera, ae=, f., the mother of Heliogabalus.

=Syphāx, ācis=, m., a king of Numidia.

=Syrācūsānī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Syracuse_, a Greek city in Sicily.

=Syrācūsānus, a, um=, adj., _belonging to Syracuse_; =urbs Syrācūsāna=, _the city of Syracuse_.

=Syria, ae=, f., _Syria_, a country of Asia, on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea.

=Syriacus, a, um=, adj., _belonging to Syria_, _Syrian_; =Syriacum bellum=, _Syro-Aetolian war_, 192-189 B.C.

T.

=T.=, abbreviation of the praenomen =Titus=.

=tabula, ae=, f., _a board_, _plank_; _picture_ (sc. =pīcta=, _painted_); _writing tablet_; _record_, _list_.

=Tacitus, ī=, m., _(M. Claudius) Tacitus_, Roman emperor 275-276 A.D.

=Taifalī, ōrum=, pl. m., a tribe of Dacia.

=talentum, ī=, n., _a talent_, a Greek money measure worth about $1100.

=tālis, e=, adj., _such, of such a kind_; =tālis … qualis=, _such … as_.

=tam=, adv., _to such a degree_, _so much_, _as much, so_; =tam … quam=, _as … so_, _not only … but also_.

=tamen=, adv., _yet_, _still_, _for all that_, _all the same_, _however_, _nevertheless_.

=tamquam=, adv. and conj., _as_, _as if_, _as though_.

=tandem=, adv., _at length_, _at last_, _finally_.

=*tangō, ere, tetigī, tāctus=, _to touch_; _reach to_. =ad--attingō, ere, tigī, tāctus=, _to border on_, _touch_, _attain_. =con--contingō, ere, tigī, tāctus=, _to touch_, _reach_; _occur_, _happen to_.

=tantum= [=tantus=], adv., _so much_ (and no more), _only_, _merely_.

=tantus, a, um=, adj., _so great_, _such_.

=Tarentīnī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Tarentum_.

=Tarentum, ī=, n., a flourishing Greek city on the southern coast of Italy.

=Tarquinius, ī=, m., the name of a gens in early Rome, said to have come from Etruria. 1. _(L.) Tarquinius Prīscus_, the fifth king of Rome, 616-578 B.C. 2. _L. Tarquinius Superbus_, the son of Priscus, the last king of Rome, 534-510 B.C. 3. _(Sextus) Tarquinius_, son of (2). 4. _(L.) Tarquinius Collātīnus_, cousin of (3), and husband of Lucretia, consul 509 B.C.

=Tarracō, ōnis=, f., a city in Spain.

=Tarsus, ī=, f., a city in Cilicia in Asia Minor.

=Tauromenītānī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Tauromenium_, a city on the eastern coast of Sicily.

=Taurus, ī=, m., a mountain range in Asia Minor.

=taxō, āre, āvī, ātus= [freq. of =tangō=], _to touch sharply_, _harass_, _vex_.

=tēctōrium, ī= [=tegō=, _to cover_] n., _a covering_, _cover_; _plastering_.

=Telesīnus, ī=, m., _Pontius Telesīnus_, commander of the Samnites in the war against Sulla. See Notes, p. 162.

=temeritās, ātis= [=temerē=, _rashly_], f., _rashness_, _heedlessness_, _temerity_.

=tempestās, ātis= [=tempus=], f., _point of time_, _period of time_; _storm_, _tempest_.

=templum, ī=, n., _a sacred spot_; _temple_.

=temptō, āre, āvī, ātus= [freq. of =tendō=], _to touch_, _handle_; _try_, _attempt_; _sound_, _try to win over_.

=tempus, oris=, n., _time_, _period_, _season_; _opportunity_, _occasion_.

=tenāx, ācis= [=teneō=], adj., _holding fast_, _tenacious_; _firm_, _steadfast_, _persistent_.

=tendō, ere, tetendī, tentus=, and =tēnsus=, _to spread out_, _stretch_; =īnsidiās tendere=, _to lay a trap for_, _plot against_.

=con--contendō, ere, ī, tentus=, _to stretch_; _exert one’s self_, _strive_, _insist_; _hasten_, _march quickly_. =ob(s)--ostendō, ere, ī, tentus=, _to stretch out_, _show_; _produce_, _furnish_; _disclose_, _make known_.

=teneō, ēre, uī, tentus=, _to hold_, _keep_, _possess_; _maintain_, _guard_, _defend_; _seize_. =ab--abstineō, ēre, uī, tentus=, _to hold back or from_; _keep aloof from_; _refrain from_, _abstain_. =con--contineō, ēre, uī, tentus=, _to hold_, _keep_, _contain_; _restrain_, _rule_, _curb_. =ob--obtineō, ēre, uī, tentus=, _to hold_, _possess_; _rule_, _govern_. =re--retineō, ēre, uī, tentus=, _to hold_ or _keep_ (back); _retain_, _detain_. =sub(s)--sustineō, ēre, uī, tentus=, _to hold up_, _support_, _sustain_; _bear_, _endure_, _hold in check_, _restrain_.

=ter=, num. adv., _three times_.

=Terentius, ī=, m., see =Varrō=.

=tergum, ī=, n., _the back_; =tergum vertere=, _to flee_.

=terminus, ī=, n., _the end_, _boundary_.

=terra, ae=, f., _the earth_; _land_; _territory_, _country_.

=terrester, tris, tre= [=terra=], adj., _of the earth_ or _land_.

=terribilis, e= [=terreō=], adj., _frightful_, _dreadful_.

=territōrium, ī= [=terra=], n., _a territory_, _domain_.

=terror, ōris= [=terreō=], m., _fear_, _terror_.

=tertiō= [=tertius=], num. adv., _the third time_.

=tertius, a, um= [cf. =trēs=], num. adj., third.

=Tervingī, ōrum=, pl. m., a people of Dacia.

=testāmentum, ī= [=testis=, _a witness_], n., _a will_, _testament_.

=Tetricus, ī=, m., _(C. Pesuvius) Tetricus_, one of the Thirty Tyrants.

=Teutobodus, ī=, m., a leader of the Cimbri.

=Teutonēs, um=, pl. m., _the Teutonēs_, a Germanic people which with the Cimbri invaded Italy, but were defeated by Marius, 102 B.C.

=Theodōra, ae=, f., the wife of Constantius.

=thermae, ārum=, pl. f., _warm baths_.

=Thessalia, ae=, f., _Thessaly_, a large district in the northeastern part of Greece.

=Thessalonīca, ae=, f., a city in Macedonia.

=Thrācia, ae=, f., _Thrace_, a large district in the southeastern part of Europe, between the Aegean Sea, Macedonia, and the Black Sea.

=Tiberis, is=, m., the river Tiber.

=Tiberius, ī=, m., _Tiberius (Claudius Nerō)_, Roman emperor 14-37 A.D.

=Tigrānēs, is=, m., king of Armenia, son-in-law of Mithradates, 96-56 B.C.

=Tigrānocerta, ae=, f., the capital city of Armenia Maior.

=Tigris, idis=, m., _the Tigris_, a river in Mesopotamia.

=timeō, ēre, uī, --=, _to fear_, _be anxious_.

=timor, ōris= [=timeō=], m., _fear_, _a cause of fear_.

=tīrō, ōnis=, m., _a recruit_; _beginner_.

=Titūrius, ī=, m., see =Sabīnus=.

=Titus, ī=, m., _T. Flavius Sabīnus Vespasiānus_, Roman emperor 79-81 A.D.

=toga, ae=, f., the toga, the characteristic outer robe of the Romans.

=togātus, a, um= [=toga=], adj., _clad in the toga_; _in peaceful garb_, _unarmed_.

=tollō, ere, sustulī, sublātus=, _to lift_, _raise_, _take up_; _remove_, _abolish_.

=Tolumnius, ī=, m., _(Lar) Tolumnius_, leader of the Veientes.

=Tomī, ōrum=, pl. m., a city in Lower Moesia.

=Torquātus, ī=, m., 1. _(T.) Mānlius Torquātus_, dictator 353 B.C. 2. _T. Mānlius Torquātus_, consul 235 B.C.

=torquis, is=, m., _a twisted collar_, _necklace_.

=tot=, indecl. adj., _so many_.

=tōtus, a, um=, gen. =tōtīus=, dat. =tōtī=, adj., _all_, _all the_, _the whole_, _entire_.

=tractō, āre, āvī, ātus= [freq. of =trahō=], _to treat_.

=trāctus, ūs= [=trahō=], m., _a stretch_, _tract_.

=trādō=, see =dō=.

=tragicus, a, um= [=tragoedia=], adj., of _tragedy_, _tragic_.

=tragoedia, ae=, f., _tragedy_.

=trahō, ere, trāxī, trāctus=, _to draw_, _drag_; _detain_. =con--contrahō, ere, trāxī, trāctus=, _to draw together_, _collect_, _assemble_. =dē--dētrahō, ere, trāxī, trāctus=, _to draw_ or _strip off_, _remove_; _drag_. =dis--distrahō, ere, trāxī, trāctus=, _to pull asunder_, _part_, _separate_. =ex--extrahō, ere, trāxī, trāctus=, _to draw_ or _pull out_; _prolong_, _waste_.

=prō--prōtrahō, ere, trāxī, trāctus, trāctus=, _to draw forth_, _bring forward_, _produce_; _discover_, _disclose_.

=trāiciō=, see =*iaciō=.

=Trāiānus, ī=, m., _(M.) Ulpius Crīnītus Trāiānus_, Roman emperor 98-117 A.D.

=tranquillē= [=tranquillus=], adv., _calmly_, _tranquilly_.

=Tranquillīna, ae=, the wife of the emperor Gordianus.

=tranquillitās, ātis= [=tranquillus=], f., _calmness_, _stillness_; =Tranquillitās, ātis= (as title of emperor), _Serene Highness_.

=tranquillus, a, um=, adj., _calm_, _peaceful_, _tranquil_.

=trāns=, prep. with acc., _across_, _beyond_, _over_.

=trānsalpīnus, a, um= [=trāns= + =Alpēs=], adj., _across the Alps_, _transalpine_.

=trānseō=, see =eō=.

=trānsferō=, see =ferō=.

=trānsfuga, ae= [=trānsfugiō=, _to flee over_], m., _a deserter_.

=trānsgredior=, see =*gradior=.

=trānsigō=, see =agō=.

=trānsitōrius, a, um= [=trānseō=], adj., _adapted for passing through_, _having a passage way_; =forum Trānsitōrium=.

=trānsmarīnus, a, um= [=trāns= + =mare=], adj., _beyond the sea_.

=Trebelliānus, ī=, m., one of the Thirty Tyrants.

=Trebia, ae=, f., a river in Cisalpine Gaul, where the second battle of the Second Punic War was fought.

=trecentēsimus, a, um= [=trecentī=], num. adj., _three hundredth_.

=trecentī, ae, a= [=trēs= + =centum=], num. adj., _three hundred_.

=Tremellius, ī=, m., a Roman quaestor who conquered Pseudoperses.

=trēs, tria=, num. adj., _three_.

=Triballī, ōrum=, pl. m., a Thracian people of Lower Moesia.

=tribūnus, ī= [=tribus=], m., _chief of a tribe_, _tribune_; =tribūnus mīlitum= or =mīlitāris=, _military tribune_, _captain_, one of the minor officers of a legion, six in number; =tribūnus plēbis=, _tribune of the people_, elected from the plebeians. The office was created in 494 B.C. to protect the plebeians from the patricians. Ten tribunes were elected annually. Their persons were sacred.

=tribuō, ere, ī, ūtus= [=tribus=], _to assign_, _grant_, _give_. =dis--distribuō, ere, ī, ūtus=, _to divide_, _distribute_, _apportion_.

=tribus, ūs= [cf. =trēs=], f., _a tribe_ (orig. a third part of the people).

=tribūtum, ī= [=tribuō=], n., _a tax_, _tribute_.

=trīcēsimus, a, um= [=trīgintā=], num. adj., _thirtieth_.

=trīciēs= [=trīgintā=], num. adv., _thirty times_.

=Tricipitīnus, ī=, m., Sp. Lucrētius Tricipitīnus, consul 509 B.C.

=trīclīnium, ī=, n., a couch for three persons reclining at meals, _a dinner sofa_.

=trīduum, ī= [=trēs= + =diēs=], n., _the space of three days_, _three days_.

=triennium, ī= [=trēs= + =annus=], n., _the space of three years_, _three years_.

=trīgintā=, indecl. num. adj., _thirty_.

=Tripolitānus, a, um=, adj., _belonging to Tripolis_; =tripolitāna prōvincia=, _the province of Tripolis_, in northern Africa.

=trīstis, e=, adj., _sad_, _sorrowful_; _stern_, _strict_, _severe_.

=trīticum, ī=, n., _wheat_.

=triumphō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to celebrate a triumph_.

=triumphus, ī=, m., _a triumph_, a splendid procession in which the victorious general entered the city accompanied by his soldiers and the spoil and captives he had taken. The procession passed around the Capitoline Hill into the Via Sacra, then into the Forum, and up to the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus.

=Trōia, ae=, f., _Troy_, a city in the northwestern part of Asia Minor, renowned for its ten years’ siege by the Greeks.

=trux, trucis=, adj., _wild_, _savage_, _stern_.

=tū, tuī=, pl. =vōs, vestrūm= or =vestrī=, pers. pron., _thou_, _you_.

=tueor, ērī, tūtus= or =tuitus sum=, _to look at_, _watch_; _defend_, _protect_.

=in--intueor, ērī, itus sum=, _to look closely at_ or _upon_, _gaze at_.

=Tugurīnī=, or =Tigurīnī, ōrum=, pl. m., a Helvetian people who invaded Italy with the Cimbri and Teutones.

=Tullius, ī=, m., _Servius Tullius_, the sixth king of Rome, 578-534 B.C.

=Tullus, ī=, m., see =Hostīlius=.

=tum=, adv., _then_, _at that time_; _thereupon_.

=tumultuor, ārī, ātus sum= [=tumultus=], _to make a disturbance_, _riot_.

=tumultus, ūs=, m., _a disturbance_, _uproar_; _rebellion_, _riot_.

=tumulus, ī= [=tumeō=, _to swell_], m., _a hillock_, _mound_, _hill_.

=tunc=, adv., _then_, _at that time_; _accordingly_, _thereupon_.

=turbō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=turba=, _a crowd_], _to disturb_, _confuse_.

=turpis, e=, adj., _ugly_; _base_, _dishonorable_.

=turris, is=, f., _a tower_.

=Tuscī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the Etruscans_, inhabitants of Etruria.

=Tuscia, ae=, f., _Etruria_, a division of central Italy.

=Tusculum, ī=, n., an old town in Latium, about ten miles southeast of Rome.

=tūtor, ōris= [=tueor=], m., _a guardian_, _tutor_.

=tūtus, a, um= [=tueor=], adj., _safe_.

=tuus, a, um= [=tū=], pron. adj., _your_, _yours_.

=tyrannicus, a, um= [=tyrannus=], adj., _tyrannical_.

=tyrannis, idis= [=tyrannus=], f., _the sway of a tyrant_, _arbitrary power_, _despotic rule_.

=tyrannus, ī=, m., _a ruler_, _tyrant_.

U.

=ubi=, adv., _where_, _when_; =ubi prīmum=, _as soon as_.

=ubicumque=, adv., _wherever_.

=ubīque= [=ubi= + =que=], adv., _anywhere_.

=ūllus, a, um=, gen. =ūllīus=, dat. =ūllī=, adj., _any_.

=Ulpiānus, ī=, m., _(Domitius) Ulpiānus_, a celebrated Roman jurist.

=Ulpius, ī=, m., see =Trāiānus=.

=ulterior, ius=, gen. =ōris= [=ultrā=], adj., _further_, _remoter_; sup. =ultimus=, _farthest_, _last_, _utmost_, _greatest_.

=ultiō, ōnis= [=ulcīscor=, _to avenge_], f., _revenge_.

=ultrā=, prep. with acc., _on the further side_, _beyond_.

=umquam=, adv., _at any time_, _ever_; usually with a negative.

=ūndecimus, a, um= [=ūndecim=, _eleven_], num. adj., _eleventh_.

=unguentum, ī= [=unguō=, _to anoint_], n., _ointment_, _unguent_, _perfume_.

=unguis, is=, m., _a nail_, _hoof_, _claw_.

=ūnicē= [=ūnicus=], adv., _alone_, _singly_, _uniquely_.

=ūnicus, a, um= [=ūnus=], adj., _only_, _sole_, _single_; _uncommon_.

=ūniversus, a, um= [=ūnus= + =*vertō=], adj., _all in one_, _whole_, _entire_.

=ūnus, a, um=, gen. =ūnīus=, dat. =ūnī=, adj., _one_, _only_, _sole_, _alone_.

=urbs, urbis, f.=, _a city_; _The City_ (Rome).

=urna, ae= [=ūrō=, _to burn_], f., _a vessel_, urn (of baked clay).

=Uscudama, ae, f.=, a city in Thrace.

=ūsque=, adv., _all the way_, _right on_, _continuously_, _even_.

=ūsūrpō, āre, āvi, ātus= [=ūsus= + =rapiō=], _to make use of_, _enjoy_; _usurp_.

=ūsus, ūs= [=ūtor=], m., _use_, _employment_; _experience_, _training_; _profit_, _advantage_, _convenience_.

=ūsus, a, um=, see =ūtor=.

=ut=, adv., interrog., _how?_ _in what way?_ rel., _as_, _just as_; _since_, _seeing that_; =ut … ita=, _just as … so_.

=ut=, conj., (1) with ind., _when_; ut =prīmum=, _as soon as_; (2) with subj. of purpose, _in order that_, _that_; _of result_, _so that_, _that_.

=uterque, traque, trumque= [=uter= + =que=], adj., _each_ (of two), _both_.

=ūtor, ūtī, ūsus sum=, _to make use of_, _employ_; _enjoy_; _have_, _possess_; _associate with_, _be intimate with_.

=utrimque= [=uterque=], adv., _from_ or _on both sides_, _on either hand_.

=uxor, ōris=, f., _a wife_.

=uxōrius, a, um= [=uxor=], adj., _of a wife_.

V.

=V.= ＝ 5.

=vacuus, a, um= [=vacō=, _to be empty_], adj., _empty_, _unoccupied_.

=*vādō, ere, --, --=, _to go_, _rush_. =ex--ēvādō, ere, vāsī, vāsus=, _to go forth_ or _away_; _get away_, _escape_; _get to be_, _become_. =in--invādō, ere, vāsī, vāsus=, _to enter_; _attack_; _seize_, _take possession of._.

=vagor, ārī, ātus sum=, _to wander_.

=Valēns, entis=, m., 1. _(F.) Valēns_, consul 96 A.D. 2. _Valēns_, emperor of the East, 364-378 A.D.

=Valeria, ae=, f., daughter of Diocletian and wife of Galerius.

=Valeriānus=, ī, m., 1. _(P.) Licinius Valeriānus_, Roman emperor 253-260 A.D. 2. _(P.) Licinius Valeriānus_, son of (1).

=Valerius, ī=, m., the name of a Roman gens. See =Corvīnus=, =Laevīnus=, =Messāla=, =Pūblicola=.

=valētūdō, inis= [=valeō=, _to be well_], f., _health_ (good or bad), _sickness_, _weakness_.

=validus, a, um= [=valeō=, _to be wel_l], adj., _strong_, _healthy_, _effective_.

=vallum, ī=, n., _stockade_, _rampart_, _wall_.

=Vandalī, ōrum=, pl. m., _Vandals_, a confederacy of German peoples that invaded Italy in the fifth century A.D..

=variē= [=varius=], adv., _variously_.

=varius, a, um=, adj., _diverse_, _various_.

=Varrō, ōnis=, m., 1. _M. (Terentius) Varrō_, a legate of Pompey in Spain, where he was defeated by Caesar. 2. _P. (C.) Terentius Varrō_, consul 219 and 216 B.C.

=Varroniānus=, ī, consul 363 A.D.

=Vārus, ī=, m., _Q. Vārus_, one of the leaders of the Pompeian party at the battle of Thapsus.

=vās, vāsis= (pl. =vāsa, ōrum=), n., _a vessel_, _dish_.

=vāstitās, ātis= [=vāstō=], f., _devastation_.

=vāstō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to lay waste_, _devastate_, _destroy_.

=Vatia, ae=, m., _P. Servilius Vatia_, surnamed Isauricus, consul 79 B.C.

=Vēcta, ae=, f., an island off the southern coast of England, now the Isle of Wight.

=vehementer= [=vehemēns=, _earnest_], adv., _earnestly_, _seriously_, _severely_; _exceedingly_.

=vehiculum, ī= [=vehō=], n., _a vehicle_, _carriage_.

=vehō, ere, vexī, vectus=, _to bear_, _carry_, _convey_; in pass. with =nāvī= or =equō=, _to sail_, _ride_. =ex--ēvehō, ere, vexī, vectus=, _to lift_, _raise_, _elevate_. =in--invehō, ere, vexī, vectus=, _to carry in_ or _to_; in pass., _ride into_, _sail into_. =re--revehō, ere, vexī, vectus=, _to carry back_, _bring back_, _return_.

=Vēientānī, ōrum=, pl. m., _the inhabitants of Vēiī_.

=Vēientēs, ium=, pl. m., _the people of Vēiī_.

=Vēiī, ōrum=, pl. m., _Vēiī_, a powerful town in Etruria, about twelve miles from Rome.

=vel= [old imperative of =volō=], adv. and conj., _even_; or, _or else_; =vel … vel=, _either … or_.

=vēnditiō, ōnis= [=vēndō=], f., _an auction sale_, _auction_.

=vēndō, ere, didī, ditus= [contr. from =venumdō=], _to sell_.

=venēnum, ī=, n., _poison_.

=venerābilis, e= [=veneror=], adj., _venerable_, _reverend_.

=venerātiō, ōnis= [=veneror=], f., _veneration_, _reverence_.

=veneror, ārī, ātus sum=, _to worship_, _revere_, _respect_, _honor_.

=Venetia, ae=, f., a district at the head of the Adriatic Sea.

=venia, ae=, f., _favor_, _grace_, _kindness_.

=veniō, īre, vēnī, ventus=, _to come_, _go_. =con--conveniō, īre, vēnī, ventus=, _to come together_, _assemble_; _be agreed upon_, _be suitable_. =ex--ēveniō, īre, vēnī, ventus=, _to turn out_, _come to pass_. =in--inveniō, īre, vēnī, ventus=, _to come upon_, _find_, _discover_. =inter--interveniō, īre, vēnī, ventus=, _to come upon_, _appear_, _intervene_. =per--perveniō, īre, vēnī, ventus=, _to come to_, _reach_; _penetrate_, _attain to_. =prae--praeveniō, īre, vēnī, ventus=, _to come before_, _get start of_, _anticipate_, _outstrip_. =sub--subveniō, īre, vēnī, ventus=, _to come to help_, _aid_, _assist_. =super--superveniō, īre, vēnī, ventus=, _to come to the rescue_, _arrive_; _surpass_.

=venter, tris=, m., _the stomach_; _appetite_.

=Ventidius, ī=, m., see =Bassus=.

=verberō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=verber=, _lash_], _to whip_, _scourge_, _beat_.

=vērē= [=vērus=, _true_], adv., _truly_, _really_.

=vereor, ērī, itus sum=, _to fear_, _dread_, _respect_.

=Vergiliānus, a, um=, adj., _Vergilian_; =Vergiliānus versus=, a verse from the Aeneid of Vergil.

=Vērōna, ae=, f., an important town in Cisalpine Gaul.

=*vertō, ere, ī, versus=, _to turn_, _change_; in pass., _turn about_, _return_. =ab--āvertō, ere, ī, versus=, _to turn away_ or _aside_, _avert_, _divert_. =con--convertō, ere, ī, versus=, _to turn round_, _change_; _turn_, _direct_; _divert_, _misuse_. =ex--ēvertō, ere, ī, versus=, _to overturn_, _destroy_, _ruin_. =re--revertor, ī, revertī= or (less often) =reversus sum=, _to return_; _revert_, _recur_.

=versus, ūs= [=vertō=], m., _a line_, _verse_.

=vērum= [=vērus=, _true_], adv., _truly_, _certainly_; _but_.

=Vērus, ī=, m., see =Antōnīnus=.

=Vespasiānus, ī=, m., _(T. Flavius) Vespasiānus_, Roman emperor 70-79 A.D.

=vespera, ae=, f., _evening_.

=vespillo, ōnis=, m., _a corpse bearer_.

=Vestālis, e=, adj., pertaining to the goddess Vesta.

=vester, tra, trum=, pron. adj., _your_, _yours_; =Vestra= (as title of emperor), “_Your Serene Highness._”

=vestis, is=, f., _clothing_, _garments_; _a robe_.

=vetō, āre, uī, itus=, _not allow_, _forbid_.

=Vetraniō, ōnis=, m., a commander of the legions in Illyria who was proclaimed emperor by the troops.

=Vettius, ī=, m., _T. Vettius_, a leader of the Marsi in the Marsic war.

=Veturia, ae=, f., the mother of Coriolanus.

=Veturius, ī=, m., _T. Veturius_, consul 321 B.C.

=Vetus, eris=, m., consul with Valens, 96 A.D.

=vetus, eris=, adj., _old_, _aged_; _of a former time_, _ancient_.

=via, ae=, f., _a way_, _road_, _journey_; _passage_.

(=Vibulānus, ī=), m., _C. Fabius (Vibulānus)_, consul for the third time 479 B.C. His praenomen is generally given as Kaeso.

=vīcēsimus, a, um= [=vīgintī=], num. adj., _twentieth_.

=vīcīnus, a, um= [=vīcus=], adj., _near_, _neighboring_.

=vicissim= [=vicis=, _alternation_], adv., _in turn_.

=Victoalī, ōrum=, pl. m., a West Gothic people.

=victor, ōris= [=vincō=], m., _a conqueror_; as adj., _victorious_.

=victōria, ae= [=vincō=], f., _victory_.

=Victorīnus, ī=, m., one of the Thirty Tyrants.

=victrīx, icis= [=vincō=], f., _a victress_, _a female conqueror_; as adj., _victorious_.

=vīcus, ī=, m., _a town_, _village_.

=videō, ēre, vīdī, vīsus=, _to see_, _perceive_, _understand_; in pass., _seem_. =in--invideō, ēre, vīdī, vīsus=, _to look askance at_, _envy_.

=vīgintī=, indecl. num. adj., _twenty_.

=vīlis, e=, adj., _cheap_, _common_, _worthless_.

=vīlissimē=, see =vīliter=.

=vīliter= [=vīlis=], adv., sup. =vīlissimē=; _at a low price_, _cheaply_.

=vīlla, ae=, f., _a country house_, _farm_, _villa_.

=Viminācium, ī=, n., a town in Upper Moesia.

=Vīminālis, e= [=vīmen=, _an osier_], adj., _of osiers_; as subst., =Vīminālis, is=, m. (sc. =collis=), _the Viminal Hill_, one of the seven hills of Rome.

=vinciō, īre, vinxī, vinctus=, _to bind_, _fetter_.

=vincō, ere, vīcī, victus=, _to conquer_, _defeat_; _surpass_; intrans., _prevail_. =con--convincō, ere, vīcī, victus=, _to overcome_; _convict_, _refute_; _expose_. =dē--dēvincō, ere, vīcī, victus=, _to conquer completely_, _subdue_.

=Vindelicī, ōrum=, pl. m., a people dwelling in the Roman province of Vindelicia, south of the Danube.

=vindicō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=vīs= + =dīcō=], _to claim_; _liberate_; _avenge_, _take vengeance on_.

=vīnea, ae=, f., _a plantation of vines_, _vineyard_; _vine_.

=vir, virī=, m., _a man_; _hero_; _husband_.

=vīrēs=, see =vīs=.

=virga, ae=, f., _a rod_.

=Virgīnius, ī=, m., 1. _L. (T.) Virgīnius_, consul 479 B.C. 2. _(L.) Virgīnius_, father of Virginia, a maiden whose attempted enslavement by Appius Claudius led to the overthrow of the decemvirs; consul 449 B.C.

=virgō, inis=, f., _a young girl_, _maiden_, _virgin_.

=Viriāthus, ī=, m., a celebrated Lusitanian chief who maintained a separate command against the Romans for several years.

=viridis, e=, adj., _green_, _fresh_, _new_.

=Viridomarus, ī=, m., a leader of the Gauls who was slain by Marcellus.

=virītim= [=vir=], adv., _man by man_, _separately_, _individually_.

=virtūs, ūtis= [=vir=], f., _manliness_, _valor_; _goodness_; _virtue_.

=vīs=, gen. and dat. wanting, acc. =vim=, abl. =vī=, f., _strength_, _force_; _hostile force_, _violence_; _quantity_, _number_; pl. =vīrēs=, _energy_, _vigor_, _resources_; =vim facere=, _to use violence_.

=Viscellīnus, ī=, m., _Sp. Cassius (Viscellīnus)_, the first master of the horse at Rome.

=vīta, ae= [=vīvō=], f., _life_, _conduct_.

=Vitellius, ī=, m., 1. _(A.) Vitellius_, Roman emperor, 69 A.D. 2. _(L.) Vitellius_, brother of (1).

=vitiō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=vitium=], _to make faulty_, _taint_, _corrupt_, _defile_, _dishonor_.

=vitiōsus, a, um= [=vitium=], adj., _full of faults_, _faulty_; _wicked_, _depraved_.

=vitium, ī=, n., _a fault_, _vice_.

=vīvō, ere, vīxī, --=, _to live_.

=vīvus, a, um= [=vīvō=], adj., _living_, _alive_.

=vix=, adv., _with difficulty_, _hardly_, _scarcely_.

=vocō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=vōx=], _to call_, _summon_; _rouse_; _name_. =ex--ēvocō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to call out_, _summon_. =prō--prōvocō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to challenge_. =re--revocō, āre, āvī, ātus=, _to recall_, _recover_.

=volō, velle, voluī, --=, _to be willing_, _wish_. =magis--mālō, mālle, māluī, --=, _to wish_, _rather_, _prefer_. =nē--nōlō, nōlle, nōluī, --=, _to be unwilling_, _not to wish_, _not to want_.

=Volscī, ōrum=, pl. m., an ancient tribe living in the south of Latium.

=Volumnia, ae=, f., the wife of Coriolanus.

=voluntārius, a, um= [=voluntās=], adj., _of free will_, _voluntary_.

=voluntās, ātis= [=volō=], f., _will_, _desire_, _inclination_.

=Volusiānus, ī=, m., son of the emperor Gallus. His father conferred the title of Caesar upon him in 251 A.D. and Augustus in 252 A.D.

=voracitās, ātis=, f., _greediness_, _ravenousness_.

=vōx, vōcis=, f., _voice_, _sound_, _tone_; _cry_, _call_; _saying_, _speech_.

=vulnerō, āre, āvī, ātus= [=vulnus=], _to wound_, _hurt_, _injure_.

=vulnus, eris=, n., _a wound_; _blow_, _misfortune_.

=Vulsō, ōnis=, m., _L. Mānlius Vulsō_, consul 256 B.C.

=vultus, ūs=, m., _the expression of the face_, _features_, _countenance_.

X.

=X.= ＝ 10.

=Xanthippus, ī,= m., a Lacedaemonian who commanded the Carthaginians against the Romans under Regulus.

=Xerxēs, is,= m., a king of the Persians who was conquered by Alexander Severus.

Z.

=Zēnobia, ae,= f., queen of Palmyra.

REFERENCES TO HARKNESS’ NEW LATIN GRAMMARS (1898)

P. 7. N. 1. 600, II. 2. 417. 3. 489. 4. 444. 5. 590. 6. 598.

P. 8. N. 1. 483. 2. 429. 3. 485, 2. 4. 238.

P. 9. N. 1. 442. 2. 425, 4.

P. 10. N. 1. 428, 2. 2. 646. 3. 568. 4. 564, II.

P. 11. N. 1. 462. 2. 418.

P. 12. N. 1. 507, 4. 2. 570; 550. 3. 440, 2. 4. 628.

P. 13. N. 1. 638, 3. 2. 579.

P. 14. N. 1. 440, 3. 2. 598. 3. 238. 4. 428, 2.

P. 15. N. 1. 463. 2. 426, 3.

P. 16. N. 1. 487.

P. 17. N. 1. 479, 3. 2. 468. 3. 591, 1. 4. 425, 4, N.

P. 18. N. 1. 564, I. 2. 456, 2. 3. 238; 588, II. 4. 473, 3.

P. 19. N. 1. 411.

P. 20. N. 1. 652. 2. 476. 3. 475. 4. 629. 5. 480.

P. 21. N. 1. 646. 2. 643.

P. 22. N. 1. 462, 3. 2. 568.

P. 23. N. 1. 440, 3. 2. 434. 3. 485, 2.

P. 25. N. 1. 426, 1. 2. 135. 3. 448, 1. 4. 643, 3.

P. 27. N. 1. 628. 2. 440, 3.

P. 28. N. 1. 628. 2. 473, 1.

P. 29. N. 1. 434. 2. 426, 3. 3. 485, 3.

P. 30. N. 1. 630.

P. 31. N. 1. 425, 2.

P. 32. N. 1. 488, 2. 2. 440, 2. 3. 475. 4. 473, 3.

P. 33. N. 1. 483. 2. 639.

P. 34. N. 1. 476. 2. 429.

P. 35. N. 1. 603, 2. 2. 642.

P. 36. N. 1. 643. 2. 417.

P. 37. N. 1. 567. 2. 433. 3. 489. 4. 485, 2.

P. 38. N. 1. 636, 1. 2. 531. 3. 480.

P. 39. N. 1. 564, III. 2. 425, 4, N. 3. 447.

P. 40. N. 1. 439. 2. 440, 2. 3. 628.

P. 41. N. 1. 467.

P. 42. N. 1. 479, 3. 2. 639. 3. 440, 2.

P. 43. N. 1. 475, 3.

P. 44. N. 1. 588, II.

P. 45. N. 1. 598. 2. 600, II. 3. 426, 3.

P. 46. N. 1. 533. 2. 567.

P. 47. N. 1. 462. 2. 425, 2. 3. 430. 4. 444. 5. 570.

P. 48. N. 1. 638, 3. 2. 571, 3. 3. 475. 4. 463. 5. 649, II.

P. 49. N. 1. 442. 2. 533.

P. 50. N. 1. 462, 3. 2. 418.

P. 51. N. 1. 434.

P. 52. N. 1. 442.

P. 54. N. 1. 626.

P. 55. N. 1. 440, 2. 2. 444.

P. 56. N. 1. 440, 3. 2. 427. 3. 588, II. 4. 434. 5. 426, 6.

P. 57. N. 1. 568, 7. 2. 628.

P. 58. N. 1. 630. 2. 417. 3. 426, 1. 4. 473, 2. 5. 570.

P. 59. N. 1. 621. 2. 392.

P. 60. N. 1. 591, 1. 2. 647. 3. 579. 4. 477.

P. 61. N. 1. 488, 2. 2. 420, 2. 3. 498.

P. 62. N. 1. 426, 3. 2. 426, 1. 3. 458, 3.

P. 63. N. 1. 425, 4, N. 2. 468, 3.

P. 64. N. 1. 598. 2. 429.

P. 65. N. 1. 488, 2. 2. 434. 3. 471.

P. 66. N. 1. 473, 2.

P. 67. N. 1. 591, 1.

P. 68. N. 1. 440, 3. 2. 434.

P. 69. N. 1. 579. 2. 480. 3. 175, 4. 4. 448, 1.

P. 70. N. 1. 477. 2. 598, 1.

P. 71. N. 1. 427. 2. 450.

P. 72. N. 1. 442, 1.

P. 73. N. 1. 426, 4.

P. 74. N. 1. 630. 2. 469, 2.

P. 75. N. 1. 626. 2. 588, II. 2. 471.

P. 77. N. 1. 591, 1.

P. 78. N. 1. 508, 3. 2. 468, 3.

P. 79. N. 1. 479, 1.

P. 80. N. 1. 486, 1.

P. 81. N. 1. 430.

P. 83. N. 1. 425, 2.

P. 84. N. 1. 475.

P. 85. N. 1. 622.

P. 86. N. 1. 447. 2. 440, 3.

P. 87. N. 1. 477. 2. 456, 3.

P. 89. N. 1. 434.

P. 90. N. 1. 458, 3.

P. 91. N. 1. 450.

P. 92. N. 1. 592, 1.

P. 93. N. 1. 591, 1. 2. 598.

P. 94. N. 1. 476, 1.

P. 95. N. 1. 584.

P. 96. N. 1. 479, 2. 2. 238.

P. 98. N. 1. 430, 1.

P. 99. N. 1. 481. 2. 591, 1. 3. 579.

P. 100. N. 1. 434.

P. 101. N. 1. 456, 3.

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