Part 24

[=libertata=, Fr. P. obconic, umbo hemispher. prominent, at first hoarily silky then glabrous, dusky umber then pale; g. deeply decur.; s. flexile.

=atrorufa=, Schaeff. P. 2-2.5 cm. convex, obtuse, glabrous, edge striate, purple-brown then pale; g. subdecur. broad, brown-violet with a white edge; s. 5-7 cm. pale bay or fawn, pruinose, fibrillose at base; sp. 10-12 x 6. (6-8 x 4-5 Karst.)

=nuciseda=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. convex, obsoletely umb. rather silky when dry and yellowish, dusky brown at first; g. adnate, broad; s. 2-3 cm. brownish with white down, base narrowed; sp. 8 x 4.

*** _Gills sublinear, ascending._

=tegularis=, Schum. P. campan. glabrous, tan, areolately cracked; g. attenuato-adnexed; s. stuffed, narrowed upwards from a thickened base, pallid.

=compta=, B. and Br. P. 3-4 cm. conico-campan. then exp. subumb. edge striate, pale ochre and atomate when dry; g. broad, adnate; s. 4-5 cm. pale rufous; sp. ----.

[=callosa=, Fr. P. conico-campan. obtuse, even, glabrous, dry, white or yellowish; g. adnate, ascending, ventricose, sooty black; s. tough, equal, glabrous, pallid.

=semilanceata=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. exp. acutely conical, slightly viscid and striate when moist, pallid, often tinged yellow or green; g. adnexed; s. 4-7 cm. flexuous, pallid; sp. 10-12 x 6.

var. _caerulescens_, Cke. P. rather obtuse; s. bluish at base.

II. RIGIDI. _Veil absent. Stem rigid. Gills adnexed, very rarely adnate._

[=phoenix=, Secr. P. campan. then exp. even, glabrous, hygr. fuscous then pale and shining; g. free; s. stuffed, striate, pallid, subbulbous.

=canobrunnea=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. obtuse, subviscid when moist, hygr. fleshy-brown then pale; g. nearly free, brownish purple; s. 4-5 cm. hollow, short, squamulose, whitish or greyish pink, rooting; sp. ----.

[=Gilletii=, Karst. P. campan.-convex, often obliquely umb. glabrous, livid grey with olive tinge, umb. tawny, then pale ochre; g. subadnate soon free, grey- then livid-purple; s. fistulose, straight, equal, glabrous, bay, apex paler and pruinose; sp. 10-13 x 5-6.

[=simulans=, Karst. P. conico-convex, exp. usually obtusely umb. glabrous, pale rusty with honey-colour tinge, pellucidly striate, edge at first incurved, yellow tawny when dry; g. greyish with honey or olive tinge; s. wavy, ascending, rather lubricous, shining, bay, apex paler; sp. 4-6 x 3.

=spadicea=, Fr. Subcaespitose. P. 3-7 cm. glabrous, humid, convex then exp. edge at first incurved, dark bay or bistre-brown then pale; g. adnate with decur. tooth, crowded, whitish then pinkish, at last purple-brown; s. fistulose, equal, rigid, silky, whitish; sp. 10 x 5.

var. _hygrophila_, Fr. Larger. P. fuscous then tan; s. subfusiformly rooting; g. emarginate with a long decur. line.

var. _polycephala_, Fr. Very densely tufted. P. rigid; s. slender, slightly flexuous; g. nearly free, fuscous-umber.

This is the commonest form in Britain.

_Hypholoma hydrophilum_ differs in having fuscous-cinnamon, lachrymose gills.

=cernua=, Fl. Dan. P. 1.5-2 cm. campan.-convex then exp. glabrous, micaceous, hygr. rugulose and pallid when dry; g. adnate; s. 5-9 cm. white, apex even, pruinose; sp. 8 x 5.

=squalens=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. exp. depr. even, glabrous, hygr. lurid then pale; g. adnato-decur. tan then brown; s. 4-5 cm. not rooting, apex striate, colour of p.; sp. ----.

[=murcida=, Fr. P. convex, obtuse, slightly striate, hygr. even when dry, bay then tan or rosy; g. adnate, segmentoid, umber; s. slender, fragile, straight, naked.

[=hebes=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, glabrous, hygr. edge striate, lurid then pale; g. adnate, triangular; s. glabrous, pallid.

=foenisecii=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. campan.-exp. obtuse, dingy brown then pale; g. adnate, ventricose, umber; s. 4-6 cm. not rooting, pale reddish, glabrous; sp. 10 x 5-6.

=clivensis=, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. hemispher. pale brown then pale ochre or whitish; g. broad, adnate, emarginate, edge pale; s. 3 cm. silky, base subclavate; sp. 10 x 5.

[=vicina=, Fr. P. convex then plane, obtuse, glabrous, umber then pale; g. slightly adnexed, grey then blackish; s. stuffed, wavy, grey, apex pruinose.

=catervata=, Mass. Densely fasciculate. P. 1-2 cm. campan. obtuse, white; g. slightly adnexed, crowded, edge entire, white; s. 3-4 cm. white; sp. 12 x 4; cystidia fusiform.

COPRINUS, Fr.

_Key to the Sections._

I. Volva distinct with a free edge; ring present or absent. p. 228.

II. Volva absent; ring present on stem. p. 229.

III. Volva and ring absent. Veil practically absent. Pileus either glabrous or with minute innate squamules, especially near the apex, not splitting along the lines of the gills. p. 231.

IV. Volva and ring absent. Veil very evident--at least in a young state--as a felty coating, which breaks up during expansion of the pileus into patches, cottony, squamulose, fibrillose or mealy. Not glistening nor micaceous. p. 231.

V. Volva and ring absent. Pileus covered with glistening micaceous particles when young. p. 236.

VI. Volva, ring, and veil absent. Flesh very thin, pileus soon splitting along the lines of the gills, scurfy or glabrous. p. 237.

I. _Volva distinct, with a free margin; ring present or absent._

* _Large; pileus more than 2 cm. high and wide._

+ _Stem white._

=sterquilinus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. high, coarsely sulcate, silvery grey, disc tawny with squarrose squamules; g. free; s. 9-15 cm. white, dark when bruised; volva with free margin, sometimes a ring on stem; sp. 18-20 x 11-12.

[=solstitialis=, Sacc. P. cylindric-ovate, whitish with concentric over-lapping scales, expanding and blackish, grooved; g. free; s. white, base volvate, ring imperfect.

Smaller than _C. sterquilinus_, and stem not blackish when bruised.

=oblectus=, Bolton. P. 3-5 cm. coarsely striate, whitish, glabrous, then pale tawny and sprinkled with rose-coloured powder; g. free; s. 8-12 cm. white; volva with recurved edge; sp. 18 x 11-12.

++ _Stem coloured._

=umbrinus=, Mass. At first entirely enclosed in a white volva, which leaves patches on p. P. 4-5 cm. umber, sulcate up to disc; g. free; s. 10-15 cm. umber, margin of volva recurved; sp. 17-18 x 9.

Differs from _C. stenocoleus_ in sulcate pileus and umber stem.

[=stenocoleus=, Lindbl. P. 5-8 cm. umb. even, blackish with white squamules; g. free; s. 10-15 cm. pale tawny; margin of volva free; sp. ----.

** _Small; pileus less than 2 cm. high and wide._

+ _Volva entire._

[=cyclodes=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. high, campan. striate, glabrous, bay; g. soon black; s. 4-5 cm. white, rather flexuous; edge of volva recurved; sp. ----.

[=equinus=, Chelch. P. ovate then campan. greyish white, disc darkest, covered with darker scurf or flecks; g. free; s. long, glabrous, base rather swollen, volva with a free edge which sometimes breaks away as a ring; sp. 5-6.

[=Trappenii=, Oud. P. campan. 1-1.5 cm. apex with fragments of volva, then glabrous; g. purplish then black; s. 1-1.5 cm. white, volva entire; sp. ----.

=volvaceo-minimus=, Crossl. P. 4-5 mm. striate, grey with white squamules; g. slightly adnexed; s. 2-2.5 cm. glabrous, hyaline, base bulbous, volva with broad free edge; sp. 6-7.

Differs from _C. Hendersonii_ in distinct volva and subglobose sp.

_C. bulbillosus_ differs in absence of a marginate volva.

++ _Volva torn into shreds._

=dilectus=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. very thin, campan., obtuse, finely striate, rosy white then tawny, furfuraceo-floccose with rosy meal, at length splitting, revolute and naked; g. free, sublanceolate, crowded; s. 5-7 cm. whitish and powdered with rosy meal, base thickened, volva reduced to squamules; sp. ----.

Differs from _C. oblectus_ in very rudimentary volva, and generally smaller size.

=roseotinctus=, Rea. P. 7-11 x 5-7 mm. cylindr. then revolute, umb. brown with rosy meal; g. adnexed, broad; s. up to 5 cm. bulbous, white, with rosy meal when young; sp. 9-11 x 5-6.

Perhaps too closely allied to _C. dilectus_.

II. _Volva absent, ring present on stem._

* _Large; Pileus 8-15 cm. high._

=comatus=, Fr. P. cylindr. then campan. 9-15 cm. high, whitish or tinged ochre, becoming broken up into large reflexed scales; g. very slightly adnexed; s. 12-20 cm. white, base bulbous, rooting, ring loose; sp. 12-14 x 8-10. Edible.

var. _clavatus_, Q. P. ovate, g. free, white then black, no intermediate pink colour; s. without a ring.

=ovatus=, Schaeff. P. 8-10 cm. high, ovate then exp. striate, soon broken up into broad adpressed scales; g. free; s. white, base bulbous, rooting, ring deciduous; sp. 12 x 8. Edible.

Differs from _C. comatus_ in smaller size, and ovate form when young.

=atramentarius=, Fr. P. rather fleshy, 8-12 cm. high, ovate then campan. fluted, edge uneven, silvery grey, apex squamulose; g. free; s. 10-16 cm. white, hollow, ring basal, evanescent; sp. 12 x 6. Edible.

=soboliferus=, Fr. P. thin, ovate then exp. plicate below, disc truncate, brownish with darker squamules, rest greyish white; g. free; s. 12-20 cm. white, stuffed, ring fugacious; sp. 15 x 7. Edible.

Differs from _C. atramentarius_ in squamulose truncate disc, stuffed stem, and larger spores.

[=pyrenaeus=, Q. P. narrowly ellipt. up to 10 cm. long, striate, pearl grey, with a dense veil of free white fibrils; g. free; s. 10-15 cm. hollow, white, ring basal, fugacious; sp. subgl. 12-18.

Differs from _C. atramentarius_ in white veil.

[=praegnans=, Fr. P. campan. 18-20 cm. high, not striate, grey, crowded with white squamules; g. free, umber from first; s. solid, fusiform, rooting, squamulose, ring free; sp. ----.

Differs from _C. atramentarius_ in solid s.

** _Small; pileus never exceeding 3 cm. high._

=Hendersonii=, Fr. P. subcylindrical then exp. up to 1 cm. apex tawny rest grey, fluted, minutely pruinose; g. free; s. 3-4 cm. with a permanent ring below middle; sp. 10-12 x 6.

[=bulbillosus=, Pat. P. 8-10 mm. grey disc yellow, striate, covered with white meal; g. grey; s. 2-3 cm. white, base bulbous, ring loose, median; sp. 8-9 x 6-7.

Differs from _C. Hendersonii_ in bulbous stem.

[=ephemeroides=, Fr. P. campan. plicato-sulcate, whitish, disc tinged yellow, up to 1 cm. sprinkled with superficial flecks; g. free; s. 2-4 cm. whitish, ring free, base with a pilose bulb; sp. 11-12 x 6-7.

Differs from _C. bulbillosus_ in squamulose pileus and strigose bulb.

var. _muscorum_, sp. 7-9 x 6-8.

[=scauroides=, Godey. P. ovate then campan. striate, white then purplish, floccosely squamulose; g. free; s. white, with a marginate bulb and ring.

[=Bresadolae=, Schulz. P. subcylindrical, greyish-white, apex tinged brown; g. black, edge white; s. tapering upwards, white, glabrous, ring deciduous.

III. _Volva and ring absent. Veil practically absent; p. either glabrous or with minute innate squamules, especially near the apex, not splitting along the lines of the gills._

* _Gills attached to the stem._

=fuscescens=, Fr. P. 4-6 cm. ovate then exp. not lobed, disc fuscous, rest greyish brown, powdered with meal at first; g. narrow towards the front; s. white, hollow, somewhat fibrillose; sp. 8-10 x 5-6.

Differs from _C. atramentarius_ in rufous p. not lobed.

[=tergiversans=, Fr. P. conical then exp. 6-12 cm. rusty brown, grooved, cracked into squamules; g. broadly adnate; s. white, apex sulcate.

Allied to _C. micaceus_; differs in squamulose and not micaceous p.

[=Lerchenfeldii=, Schulz. P. hemispher. apex elevated, brownish grey, edge wavy silvery grey then violet; g. violet, shining; s. fibrillose or squamulose.

** _Gills free._

[=cylindricus=, Fr. P. cylindrical then exp. 8-12 cm. across, rimosely striate, a few adpr. squamules, whitish brown; g. narrow; s. 15-21 cm. equal, fibrillose.

[=Mayrii=, Allesch. P. campan. exp. white, striate, small yellow-brown squamules near edge, disc sparingly scaly; g. free; s. white, striate, base globose, marginate, hollow to swollen base; sp. 6-7 x 3-4.

Allied to _C. atramentarius_.

=flocculosus=, Fr. P. ovate then exp. 4-7 cm. across, dingy white, striate, squamules innate; g. narrow; s. 6-10 cm. white, silky, hollow; sp. 10 x 7-8.

Differs from _C. aratus_ in white p., and from _C. lagopus_ in glabrous stem.

=squamosus=, Morgan. P. 4-6 cm. sulcate, grey, with persistent spreading brown scales; g. free; s. 9-14 cm. with brown spreading scales up to ring; sp. 9-10 x 5.

IV. _Volva and ring absent. Veil very evident--at least in young state--as a felty coating, which breaks up during expansion of p. into patches; cottony, squamulose, fibrillose or mealy. Not glistening or micaceous._

* _Veil thick and felty, breaking into patches._

+ _Gills attached to stem._

=aphthosus=, Fr. P. campan. even, livid, 2-3 cm. white veil at first continuous then broken into floccose patches; g. adnate; s. 5 cm. white, hollow, fibrillose; sp. 15-16 x 10.

Differs from _C. varicus_ in hollow stem.

[=phaeosporus=, Karst. P. conico-cylindrical then flattened, everywhere delicately striate, at first enclosed in a rufescent veil which breaks up into patches, soon naked and white; g. adnexed; s. glabrous, white, hollow; sp. 9-15 x 4-9.

Differs from _C. albus_ by glabrous s.

++ _Gills free._

=picaceus=, Fr. P. campan. glutinous, striate up to disc, blackish with white patches; g. free; s. 10-15 cm. white, hollow, base swollen; sp. 14 x 8.

=tomentosus=, Fr. P. cylindr. then narrowly conical, at length exp. 2-3 cm.; pallid yellow, covered with a greyish felt which breaks into scales; g. free; s. 5 cm. hollow, greyish, velvety; sp. ----.

[=velatus=, Q. P. cylind. then exp. 2-3 cm. yellowish, sulcate, veil white, thin; g. free but close to s.; s. 4-6 cm. white, villose, coarsely striate; sp. 10 x 5.

[=Forquignoni=, Mass. (_C. Queletii_, Forq.). P. conico-campan. veil thick, ochraceous, then broken up into persistent patches, whitish, 5-6 cm. high; g. remote; s. white, floccosely fibrillose, ending in a tawny bulb; sp. 9 x 6.

[=varicus=, Fr. P. white or livid towards the split edge, with patches of white veil; g. free; s. 6-9 cm. often incurved, white, glabrous, solid, tough.

Differs from _C. picaceus_ in white p. and solid s.

** _Veil breaking up into superficial scales, cottony or fibrillose._

+ _Gills attached to stem._

# _Pileus white or grey._

=niveus=, Fr. All pure white. P. 1-2.5 cm. campan. floccose; g. slightly adnexed; s. 5-8 cm. hollow, villose; sp. 16 x 11-13.

var. _astroideus_, Fr. P. squamose, naked, grey, 1 cm.; s. up to 8 cm. slender, glabrous.

[=albus=, Q. Snow white. P. ovoid then exp. 1.5-2 cm. floccosely mealy then pearl grey and grooved, with tawny flecks at disc; g. adnate, seceding; s. coarsely striate upwards; sp. 12-13 long.

[=Rostrupianus=, Hansen. White. P. thin campan. then exp. tomentose, squamulose; g. free, grey then blackish; s. narrowed upwards, glabrous above, downy below, base with white tomentum.

Medium sized, allied to _C. niveus_.

[=pilosus=, Beck. P. cylindr. apex rounded, white, densely covered with septate acute white hairs, then exp. and centre almost glabrous and yellowish, edge slightly striate; s. slender, pubescent, base floccose; sp. 9-12 x 6-7.

=exstinctorius=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. across, campan. whitish, apex tinged brown, at first with evanescent floccose scales; g. reaching stem; s. 8-12 cm. smooth, white, hollow, swollen at base and rooting; sp. 10-11 x 6-7.

Differs from _C. fimetarius_ in pileus becoming bald from disc to margin.

[=roris=, Q. P. soon convex and centre depr. pearl grey, transparent, covered at first with a thin tawny-white veil, 1-1.5 cm.; g. adnate; s. 3-4 cm. greyish, villosely floccose; sp. 11-12 long.

Differs from _C. plicatilis_ in adnate g. and from _C. diaphanus_ in villose stem.

=similis=, B. and Br. P. ovate then campan. pallid disc darker, striate, studded with brown tipped pointed warts, 2.5 cm.; g. adnate; s. white, hollow.

[=Brunandi=, Q. P. campan. 5-6 mm. high, very delicate, striate, greyish lilac, at first with crystalline interwoven filaments; g. adnate then free; s. white, floccose, bulbous; sp. 10 long.

Allied to _C. lagopus_.

## _Pileus tawny or brownish._

=domesticus=, Fr. P. campan. obtuse, sulcate, disc even, bay, rest paler, scurfy-floccose, 4-7 cm.; g. adnexed; s. 6-9 cm. white, silky; sp. 11-12 x 7.

[=alopecia=, Fr. P. 6-7.5 cm. campan. obtuse, sulcate, pale brown or ochre, at first with adpr. fibrils; g. adnexed; s. 9-12 cm. densely scaly, hollow.

[=Boudieri=, Q. P. 1-2 cm. campan. coarsely striate, pale tawny apex darker, covered with fine white down; g. adnate; s. 3-4 cm. white, pruinose and pubescent; sp. angularly globose, 10-12.

[=subcoeruleo-griseus=, Schulzer. P. acutely conical then plane, slightly striate, disc pale yellowish-pink, rest greyish blue, with minute fugacious scales; g. adnexed; s. white, floccosely pruinose, then glabrous, hollow; sp. 10-13 x 6-8.

++ _Gills free._

# _Stem glabrous._

=nycthemerus=, Fr. P. conico-cylindr. then exp. 1.5-2 cm. plicate, ribs forked near edge, mealy then naked, grey, disc tawny; g. free; s. 5-7 cm. white, glabrous, flaccid, hollow; sp. ----.

[=gonophyllus=, Q. P. 1.5 cm. hemisph. striate, blackish grey, shining, veil floccose, whitish, soon disappearing; g. free, triangular, edge serrate; s. 3 cm. glabrous, slightly striate, white; sp. 10 x 4.

=Spraguei=, B. and Curt. P. conical then campan. 1.5-2 cm. tomentose, striate, greyish, disc tawny; g. few, distant; s. 3-5 cm. pale reddish ochre; sp. 10 x 5.

=Spegazzinii=, Karst. P. cylindr. or oval, then exp. and splitting up to disc, greyish, soon naked and grooved; g. free; s. white, hollow, thickened below and rooting; sp. 9-14 x 5-6.

=platypus=, B. and Cke. P. white then yellowish, flocculose, 4-5 mm.; g. free; s. 1.5-3 cm. base discoid; sp. 8 x 6.

## _Stem floccose or pulverulent at first._

=narcoticus=, Fr. Foetid. P. cylindric-clavate then exp. 1.5-2 cm. hyaline, striate, at first with white floccose squamules; g. free; s. 4-5 cm. white, downy at first, hollow; sp. 11 x 5-6.

[=muralis=, Allesch. Smell strong, ammoniacal. P. cylindr. then campan. white then grey, covered with white floccose squamules; g. free, narrow; s. equal, hollow, floccosely scaly then glabrous, white, shining, base densely fibrous; sp. subg. 6.

=lagopus=, Fr. P. cylindr. then campan. coarsely striate up to brown disc, at first with white flocci; g. free; s. 10-15 cm. everywhere with white floccose down; sp. 14-16 x 10-12.

Differs from _C. narcoticus_ in absence of smell. _C. lagopoides_ differs in tomentum breaking up into scales, and g. very distant from stem.

[=lagopoides=, Karst. P. campan. sulcate, disc livid, with free white scales, 4-7 cm.; g. distant from stem; s. up to 17 cm. white, floccose; sp. 6-8 x 5-6.

=macrocephalus=, B. P. cylindr. then campan. striate, ashy grey, disc brownish, sprinkled with pointed scales, 2 cm.; g. free; s. 3-5 cm. dingy white, fibrillose below; sp. 11-13 x 7-8.

Differs from _C. lagopus_ in dark grey p.

[=tigrinellus=, Boud. P. elliptic-oblong then campan. striate, snow-white edge becoming rosy, pulverulent, with tawny flecks; g. free; s. 2 cm. white, base rather bulbous and often with blackish flecks; sp. 11 x 7.

Differs from _C. Friesii_ in being at first covered with brown tomentum which breaks up into flecks.

[=Friesii=, Q. P. elliptic-oblong then exp. 1-2 cm. finely striate, white apex tinged yellow, edge rosy; g. free, reddish then black; s. 2 cm. white, pulverulent, base swollen and floccose; sp. angularly glob. 10.

Differs from _C. tigrinellus_ in not having a brown veil.

[=cupulatus=, E. Jacob. P. subcampan. greyish yellow, with a floccose greyish white veil then pubescent, sulcate, 4-5 mm.; g. free; s. 5-7 cm. white, downy, striate, base swollen; sp. 7-8 x 6-7.

=fimetarius=, Fr. P. 2-2.5 cm. clavate then conico-exp. soon splitting, disc even brownish, at first covered with squarrose floccose scales, then naked; g. free; s. 10-15 cm. white, squamulose, base solid; sp. 12-14 x 7-8.

var. _pullatus_, Fr. P. with adpressed squamules, soon naked, dark; s. soon smooth.

var. _cinereus_, Fr. P. floccosely mealy then naked, grey; s. rootless, hollow to base.

var. _macrorhiza_, Fr. P. at first with feathery squamules; s. short, rooting.

[=Queletii=, Schulzer. P. ellipsoid-conical then exp. deeply sulcate, whitish, apex glabrous tinged cinnamon, with fugacious flecks; g. free; s. white, flocculose then glabrous, ventricose below, rooting with long brown fibres; sp. 10-12 x 4-6.

[=laxus=, Bres. and Schulz. P. subglobose, grey, disc yellowish cinnamon, granularly floccose; g. free; s. white, tinged brown at base, with white flecks, bending over as it dries; sp. 6-8 x 4-5.

[=Albertinii=, Karst. P. campan. sulcate, greyish-white, disc brownish, with fine network of fibrils; g. free; s. white, silky-floccose; sp. 10-12 x 6.

[=Strossmayeri=, Schulzer. P. digitaliform, then conico-campan. whitish then grey, apex darker, finally pale ochre, with deciduous squarrose scales; g. free; s. white, pruinose, springing from a compact, branching blackish-brown mycelium; sp. 7-9 long.

*** _Veil formed of white meal, or hyaline vesicles. Not glistening or micaceous._

=tuberosus=, Q. P. campan. 3-5 mm. finely striate, white then greyish, veil of hyaline vesicles; g. blackish violet; s. 2-4 cm. slender, wavy, white, downy, springing from a small black sclerotium; sp. 12 long.

Smaller than _C. niveus_, and springing from a sclerotium.

[=cineratus=, Q. P. campan. 1-2 cm. striate, white then greyish violet, veil of dusky hyaline vesicles; g. free, close to stem; s. 4-6 cm. white, base rather swollen and sheathed by remains of a volva; sp. 10 x 5.

=filiformis=, B. and Br. P. 1-2 mm. cylindrical, striate, grey, mealy; g. linear; s. 1-1.5 cm. slender, hyaline, sprinkled with hairs; sp. subg. 5 x 4.

[=luxoviensis=, Mont. P. ovoid then campan. striate, mealy then naked and grey, disc tawny; g. distant; s. with spreading fibrils, soon naked, white, springing from a spreading mycelium; sp. ----.

[=caducus=, Harz. P. oval then cylindrical, striate, grey then blackish brown, at first densely covered with white meal which becomes grey; g. from a collar; s. greyish brown above, whitish below; sp. 9-10 x 6-7.

[=Britzelmayri=, Sacc. and Cub. (= _C. macrosporus_, Brit.) P. and s. covered with snow-white meal; g. adnexed; s. tall; sp. 20 x 10-12.

[=albulus=, Q. P. almost hemispherical, 5 mm. pellucid, striate, pulverulent; g. arcuately adnate; s. 2 cm. filiform, pulverulent, lower half with white flecks; sp. 13 long.

[=divergens=, Brit. P. parabolic, brownish then dark grey, deeply striate; g. blackish-grey; s. pellucid, whitish; sp. 10-11 x 6-7.

Intermediate between _C. tomentosus_ and _C. niveus_.

V. _Volva and ring absent. Pileus covered with glistening particles when young._

=micaceus=, Fr. P. 3-6 cm. oval then campan. glistening then naked, sulcate, tawny ochre; g. adnexed; s. 5-8 cm. white, silky, hollow.

[=marcescens=, Karst. P. campan. sulcate, whitish at first, soon dingy ochre, then pale sooty grey, disc brownish yellow, micaceous; g. adnexed; s. white, silky; sp. 6-9 x 4-6.

Differs from _C. micaceus_ in p. becoming sooty grey.

=aratus=, B. P. 5-8 cm. narrowly elliptical then campan.-umber, grooved up to disc; g. slightly adnexed; s. 10-15 cm. snow-white, silky, hollow; sp. 15 x 10-11.

=stercorarius=, Fr. P. 2.5-3 cm. ovate then campan. edge striate, densely covered with white glistening meal; g. adnexed; s. 7-12 cm. white, hollow, minutely mealy at first; sp. 14-15 x 8.

_C. niveus_ differs in tomentose p., and _C. albus_ in sulcate p.

=radians=, Fr. P. ovate then campan. 2.5-5 cm. edge striate, disc granuloso-squamulose, tawny ochre then pale, glistening; g. slightly adnexed; s. 3-5 cm. white, smooth, base with dense radiating strands of mycelium; sp. 7 x 4.

=truncorum=, Fr. P. globose at first then campan. glistening then naked, tawny ochre, striate, 2-4 cm.; g. free, rosy then black; s. 7-10 cm. slender, white, glabrous, hollow; sp. 12-14 x 6.

Differs from _C. micaceus_ in p. being globose at first, and not sulcate, and in free, rosy g.