Essentials of woodworking

1. The rule; 2. The try-square; 3. The framing square; 4. The bevel; 5. The marking gage; 6. The pencil gage; 7. Splitting gage; 8. The mortise gage; 9. The Dividers; 10. Pencil...

18. Planes; 19. Setting the blade; 20. Adjustment of the iron; 21. The jack-plane; 22. The smooth-plane; 23. The jointer; 24. The block-plane; 25. The wooden plane; 26. Planing...

36. Brace or bitstock; 37. Center bit; 38. The auger bit; 39. The drill bit; The gimlet bit; 40. Countersink bit; 41. The screwdriver bit; 42. The brad-awl; 43. Positions while...

46. Chisels; 47. Horizontal paring across the grain; 48. Vertical paring; 49. Oblique and curved line paring; 50. Paring chamfers; 51. The firmer gouge; 52. Grinding beveled edg...

62. Laying out duplicate parts; 63. Scraping; 64. Sandpapering; 65. Hammers; 66. Nails; 67. Nailing; 68. Nailset; 69. Withdrawing nails; 70. The screwdriver; 71. Screws; 72. Fas...

76. Joinery; 77. General directions for joinery; 78. Dado; 79. Directions for dado; 80. Cross-lap joint; 81. Directions for cross-lap joint, _first method_; 82. Directions for c...

101. Combination plane; 102. Drawer construction; 103. Directions for rabbeted corner; 104. Directions for dovetail corner; 105. Directions for drawer; 106. Paneling; 107. Cutti...

128. Classification. _Coniferous woods_; 129. Cedar; 130. Cypress; 131. Pine; 132. Spruce. _Broad-leaved woods_; 133. Ash; 134. Basswood; 135. Birch; 136. Butternut; 137. Cherry...

147. Wood finishes; 148. Brushes; 149. General directions for using brush; 150. Fillers; 151. Filling with paste filler; 152. Stains; 153. Waxing; 154. Varnishes; 155. Shellac;...

=1. The Rule.=--The foot rule is used as a unit of measurement in woodwork. The rule ordinarily used is called a two-foot rule because of its length. Such rules are hinged so as...

=11. Saws.=--Saws which are used in cutting across the grain are called crosscut; those which are used in cutting parallel to the grain are called ripsaws. Fig. 24. Upon the bla...

=18. Planes.=--A standard plane of the present time is shown in Fig. 44. The bottom of this plane is of iron. Fig. 45 shows a plane with the same adjustments in which the bottom...

Before beginning to plane hold the piece toward the light, close one eye and sight as in Fig. 57. If the surface is not warped or in wind, the back arris ab will appear directly...

=36. Brace or Bitstock.=--Fig. 73 illustrates a common form of brace. This tool is used for holding the various kinds of bits which are used in boring, reaming, etc.

=46. Chisels.=--Chisels are usually divided into two classes, the framing chisel, which is heavy and strong, and the firmer chisel, which is lighter. The framing chisel, Fig. 87...

=58. Making a Cylinder.=--The cylinder is evolved from the square prism by increasing the number of sides until a prism is formed with so many sides that its surface can be easi...

=62. Laying out Duplicate Parts.=--Frequently a piece of work will require the making of two or more like parts. To lay out these parts, that is, to mark out the location of int...

=76. Joinery.=--This term in its broader meaning refers to the art of framing the finishing work of a house, such as doors and windows; and to the construction of permanent fitt...

the mortise. (3) The sides of the mortise are next pared to the gage and knife lines, beginning at the auger holes and working with thin slices toward the lines. This method req...

=101. Combination Plane.=--The most elementary of cabinet work necessitates considerable groove cutting, rabbeting, etc. Rabbets and grooves can be formed by means of the chisel...

A transverse section is obtained by cutting a log at right angles to its length; a radial section by cutting it along the radius; a tangential section by making a cut at right a...

=121. Lumbering.=--Lumbering is of two kinds: conservative and ordinary. The first seeks to so treat the forest that successive crops may be produced; the second takes no accoun...

(1) Naked seeds (gymnosperms) 1. Palm ferns, etc. (cycadaceæ) 2. Joint firs (gnetaceæ) 3. Pines, firs, etc. (conifers) (2) Fruits (angiosperms) 1. One-seed-leaf (monocotyledons)...

Finishing materials may be classed under one or the other of the following: Filler, stain, wax, varnish, oil, paint. These materials may be used singly upon a piece of wood or t...