Part 47

Sachs, on reproduction in Mosses, 212; on venation, 260, 310; on shoots of climbing Ivy, 393, 399. Sagitta, segmentation of egg of, 74, 199. Saperda carcharias, length of life of imago of, 47. Sarcophaga carnaria, length of life of, 42. Saturnia pyri, length of life of, 45; S. carpini, cocoon of; 94. Saturnidae, habits of, 44. Saw-flies, ancestors of bees and wasps, 19; length of life of imago of, 49, 59. Schmidt, on malformations of the ear, 440. Schneider, on instincts of perception, 92, 94. Schultze, on polar bodies of Amphibia, 340, 352. Scytosiphon, male parthenogenesis in, 247. Sea-gulls’ eggs, 38. Senility, 20, 21, 32, 157. Sexes, unequal length of life in the two, 58. Sheep, length of life of, 14. Sida, spermatozoa of, 176; absorption of ova in, 239. Siebold, von, on development of Bees, 235. Siphonophora, origin of germ-cells of, 202. Sirenia, 261. Sirex, length of larval life of, 15. Smerinthus tiliae, length of life of imago of, 45; ocellatus, 395. Solenobia triquetrella, length of life of female of, 45; death of parthenogenetic forms of, 64, 293. Solidago, time of flowering changed, 415. Soma, 122, 125, 130, 140, 144, 154, 155. Somatic cells, 27, 28, 75, 111, 145, 158. Somatogenic characters, 412. Somatoplasm, 104, 180. Spathegaster, 49. Spencer, Herbert, on relation of absorbing surface to size of animal, 7; on influence of diminished nutrition, 241; on correlation, 389. Spirogyra, on cell-division in, 216. Sponges, polar bodies of, 217. Spontaneous generation, 34. Sprengel, on colours in flowers, 308. Squirrel, length of life of, 14. Stahl, on protective structures in plants, 260. Strasburger, on fertilization of Phanerogams, 178, 340, 355; on cyto-idioplasm, 181; on influence of nuclei, 184; on identity of daughter nuclei, 187; on nuclei of sexual-cells, 200, 215, 246; on transmission of germ-plasm, 209; on cell-division in Spirogyra, 216; on development of pollen-grains, 222; on parthenogenesis, 237; on direction of growth of pollen-tube, 247; on heredity, 354, 369, 369; on polar bodies in plants, 377. Strepsiptera, length of life of, 41; unequal length of life in two sexes, 58, 59. Succineae, length of life of, 55. Swans, length of life of, 37.

Tagetes, production of double flowers of, 408. Talents, transmission of, 95; nature of, 96. Tape-worms, 133, 155. Termites, duration of life of, 18, 40. Terns’ eggs, 38. Thuja, dorso-ventral structure of shoots of, 391, 396. Tillina magna, 118, 148. Toad, length of life of, 6. Transmission of acquired characters, 73, 80, 169, 267, 407, 411; want of evidence of the, 81; unnecessary for the theory of evolution, 83; unproved, 105, 142; amongst Protozoa, 278; supposed botanical proofs of, 387. Trematodes, parasitic in Mollusca, 57, 131, 133. Trichodinidae, conjugation of, 287. Trichoplax adhaerens, 141. Tridacna gigas, length of life of, 56. Trinchese, on polar bodies, 189, 224. Tropaeolum, two kinds of leaves of, 396. Turkey, the length of life of, 36. Twins, 380.

Unicellular organisms, immortality of, 25, 27. Unio, length of life of, 56, 57.

Valaoritis, on origin of germ-cells, 195; on physiological value of, 246. Vanessa cardui, length of life of, 43; V. prorsa, 44; V. urticae, 44; V. levana, deposition of eggs of, 94. Variations, always present, 101. Ventral canal cell, 223. Vertebrata, late origin of reproductive cells in, 74. Vespa, 53. Viola calcarata, fertilization of, 310; tricolor, 414. Vitrinae, length of life of, 55. Volvocineae, 202, 248. Volvox, 204, 248. Vorticellidae, conjugation of buds of, 287. Vultures, length of life of, 11, 37.

Wallace, on constancy of number of individuals in successive generations, 12; on production of death by natural selection, 23. Wasps, duration of life of male and female, 18, 53; loss of embryonic limbs in development of larva of, 89. Westphal, on epilepsy in guinea-pigs, 314. Whales, length of life of, 6; adaptation in, 261. White mice, experiments in the transmission of mutilations on, 431. Will, on origin of ova, 222. Wolff, on theory of epigenesis, 316.

Zacharias, on the inheritance of mutilations, 426.

THE END.

Transcriber's notes:

Footnotes were collected at the end of each essay and of the appendices for each essay.

On page 198 the formula (1/_p_) should probably be (1/_pn_).

Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. Any inconsistencies in spelling have been left.

“Notes” as used in this volume often means the same as footnotes. The Appendix to Essay I contains the "Notes" as used in that essay. In the footnotes to the Appendix to Essay I, one note refers to a note on another page which has been collected with all the other notes. The note referred to is indicated by a local note in braces.

In the footnotes for Essay VII this “See ‘Nature,’ vol. 36, pp. 491-407.—E. B. P.” was changed to “See ‘Nature,’ vol. 36, pp. 491-507.—E. B. P.” on supposition of a typo.