Part 57

Medicines, their operations attributed to animalcula!, note 433

Medium, rare, 32--dense, ibid.

Meloe monoceros described, 354

Metamorphoses of insects, 220

Micrometer needle described, 54--how used, 55

---- glass, pearl, &c. by Coventry, 60--how used, 61

---- ---- ---- a set accompanies Jones’s best microscope, 63

Microscope, date of its invention, 1--name of inventor not known, ibid.--its excellence, 2, 23--early introduced by Jansens, 2--one brought to England by Drebell, ibid.--made by Fontana in 1616, 3--to prepare vegetable substances for, 158

---- single, probably known to the Greeks and Romans, 3--account of, 5--rationale of, 40--used by Leeuwenhoek, &c., 6--described, 7--glass globules applied to, 8--how made by Butterfield, 9--Di Torre, 10--to make glass globules, 11

---- water by Gray, 13--extempore, ibid.

---- Swammerdam’s described, 138

---- single, Wilson’s, or screw barrel, 115--with a scroll and mirror, 117--small, for opake objects, 118--Ellis’s aquatic, 119--Lyonet’s anatomical, 122--Withering’s botanical, 123--pocket botanical and universal, 124

---- compound, by Hooke, Divinis, and Bonnani, 15--Delebarre, 16--Barker, 17--Smith, ibid.

---- ---- its principles, 42--magnifying powers, 49--experiments on ditto, 51--how ascertained, 53--of more general use than any other, note 89--Cuff’s described, ibid.--apparatus to ditto, 90--to use, 91--chest, note 90--Jones’s improved, 92--apparatus to ditto, 96--how to use, 98--Jones’s most improved, 99--apparatus, 101--additional apparatus, 102--how to use, 103--Culpeper’s or three pillared, 104--apparatus, 105--to use, ibid.

---- lanthorn, 88

---- solar, by Lieberkühn, 17--improved by him, 20--by Ziehr, ibid.--Martin, ibid.--its principles, 45--as improved by Martin described, 106--apparatus to, 109--to use, 110

---- lucernal, Adams’s, 21--described, 64--to examine opake objects with, 71--ansparent ditto, 74--apparatus to, 77--improvements on, by Jones, Prince and Hill, 80

---- portable, and telescope, 125

---- to prepare for observation, 130--to prepare objects for, 137

---- concise list of objects for, 608--opake, 609--transparent, 614--copious list of ditto, 698

Millepedes food for polypes, 155

Minerals, to examine, 148

Minute animals, their strength, activity, and vivacity, note 427

---- shells, arrangement and description of, 629

Monoculus Polyphemus, its eyes described, 198

Montaigne’s remarks on kindness to animals, note 151

Moths, wings of, 144, 207

Motion of butterflies wings, experiments on, by Hooke, 209--remarks on, 212--dittoby Reaumur, 213

Mouth of insects, 179

Müller on animalcula infusoria, 428

Münchhausen’s hypothesis, 421

---- ---- refuted by Ellis, 423

Musca chamæleon, its transformation, 248--pendula ditto, 256--its respiration, 269

Muscles and fibres of insects, to prepare, 146

Musschenbroeck’s table for dissecting insects, 137

---- experiments on their respiration, 268

Musquetos, their sting formidable, note 189

N.

Natural history, importance of, 167

Needham, his hypothesis of animalcula in infusions, 421--refuted, 423

Needle micrometer, 54

Net, figure of butterfly, 674

Neuroptera order of insects, 219--to collect, 685

Notonecta, its wings, 143

O.

Objects to prepare for the microscope, 137

---- ---- Swammerdam’s method, ibid.

---- ---- Lyonet’s ditto, 141

---- for the microscope, concise list of, 608--copious list of, 698

Observation, to prepare microscope for, 130

Observations, Hooke’s on dissecting, 142

---- on Hooke’s apology for gnats, note 189

Omniscience of God denied with respect to insects, &c., note 177

Opake objects, to examine with the lucernal microscope, 71--list of, 608

Opake and transparent solar microscope, by Martin, 106

---- small, microscope, 118

Optical glasses, their several kinds, 34--different effects, ibid.--their imperfections, 47

Orders into which insects are divided, 219

Ores and minerals to examine, 148

Ox-fly, its proboscis described, 188

Oxford, swarms of gnats which appeared at note, 188--the mischiefs they occasioned, ibid.

P.

Palpi of insects described, 193

Parrot-fish, scale of, 355

Particles of blood to examine, 149

---- ---- their true form ascertained, ibid. and note 626

Paste eel described, 462

Pearch, sea, scale of, 356

Pearl micrometer, Coventry’s, 60

Pediculus humanus described, 619

Plancus on minute shells, 629

Plant lice, see aphides

Plants, their leaves to examine, 147

Pocket botanical and universal microscope, 124

Polypes to procure and feed, 153--infested with lice, 156--to preserve in health, ibid.--to observe with accuracy, 157--to preserve in sliders, ibid.--their food, 291

Pores of skin to examine, 147

Portable microscope and telescope, 125

Proboscis of insects, to dissect, 144--culex--tabanus--bee, ibid.--described, 181--bee, ibid.--butterfly, 186--gnat, 187--tabanus, 188

Prince, (Rev. Dr.) his improvement on lucernal microscope, 84

Ptinus fatidicus, note 688

---- pulsator, ibid.

Puceron, see aphides

Pulex aquaticus food for polypes, 155

---- irritans described, 616

Pupa, change of insects to, 229

R.

Ray, incident, 32--refracted, ibid.

Reaumur on the motion of insects, 212

---- ---- fecundity of queen bee, 290

Redi, his observations on the production of flies, 174

Reflections on cruelty to animals, 150, note ibid.

Refraction, its principles, 32--ascertained by experiments, 33

Remarks on the substance of butterflies wings, note 207

---- on Barbut’s opinion on the sense of hearing in insects, note 217

---- on collecting Asiatic insects, 696

Respiration of insects, 265--experiments on, by Lyonet, 267--Musschenbroeck, 268

---- musca pendula, 269

Richardson’s experiments on the generation of aphides, 275

Rind of vegetables to prepare, 160

Romans probably acquainted with the single microscope, 3

---- spectacles known to them, ibid.

S.

Salts and saline substances, to prepare, 163

---- their crystallization, 600--what understood by it, 601--phænomena of ditto, 602--their various figures, 603--Bergman’s account of their forms, 605

---- list of, for microscopic observation, 710

Sap vessels of plants, to fill, 162

Scales of fish to examine, 147--eel, to prepare, ibid.

---- parrot fish, 355--sea pearch, haddock--West-India pearch--sole fish, 356

Scutellum of insects, 200

Sections of wood, instrument for cutting, 127--appendage to ditto, 128

Seeds, vegetable, a descriptive list of a variety of, 645--lithospermum, ibid.--cyminum, 646--papaver, 647--cardirus, ibid.--plantago, 648--staphis agria, 649--anisum, ibid.--fœniculum, 651--grana Paradisi, 652--petroselinum, 653--petroselinum Macedonicum, 654--coriandrum, 655--seseli, ibid.--hyoscyamus, 657--cicer, 658--laurus, 659--ficoides afra, 660--palma aricefera, 661--juniperus, ibid.--santonicum, 662--scabiosa, 663

Sentiments of learned men in earlier times on minute parts of creation, note 177

Shakspeare, quotation from, on the feeling of insects, note 150--parody on a passage in, note 690

Shells, to view, 148--minute, arrangement and description of, 629--manner of procuring them, 632--observations on, ibid.--serpula, 633--dentale, 635--patella, ibid.--helix, ibid.--turbo, 636--trochus, 638--buccinum, 639--voluta, ibid.--bulla, 640--nautilus, ibid.--Mytilus, 642--anomia, 643--arca, ibid.--cardium, 644--lepas, ibid.--echinus, ibid.--asterias, 645

Shoots, vegetable, to obtain, 159

Silk-worm, its eyes, 196--metamorphosis, 240

Skin, pores of, to examine, 147

---- of sole-fish, 356--lizards, 147

Smith, his compound microscope, 17

Sole-fish, scale of, 356--skin of, ibid.

Spanish-fly, its utility in medicine and commerce, note 175

Spider, eyes of, 199--described, 621

Spiracula of insects, 201

Stemmata of ditto, 199

Sternum of ditto, 200

Stillingfleet, his remarks on the importance of natural history, 331

Sting of bee to dissect, 144--described, 214

Stings of insects, 213

Strength of minute animals, note 427

Swammerdam uses the single microscope, 6--his method of preparing objects, 137--his microscope described, 138--manner of dissecting, ibid.

Swift, quotation from, on the death-watch, note 689

System, Linnean, commended, 168

T.

Tabanus, its proboscis described, 188

Tail of insects, 213

Telescope, portable microscope and, 125

Termes pulsatorium, note 688

Termites or white ants, history of, 308

Thorax of insects, 201

Thrips physapus described, 350

Timber, organization of, 574

Tincture of cochineal, to prepare, 161

Tongue of insects, 181

Transformation of insects, 220--rhinoceros beetle, 245--musca chamæleon, 248--pendula, 256--libellula, 257--cynips, 260--aphides, ibid.--hippobosca equina, 261--theory of, by Bonnet, ibid.

Transparent objects to examine with the lucernal microscope, 74--to transmit on a screen, 75

---- ---- list of, 614

Trees, leaves of, to examine, 147

Trunk of insects, 201

Tubularia campanulata, 411

V.

Vegetable substances, to prepare for the microscope, 159--young shoots, ibid.--rind, 160--blea, 162--sap vessels, to fill, 162

---- seeds, descriptive list of, 645

Vegetables, their beauty and perfection, 574

Vinegar eel described, 461

Vision, its principles shewn by experiments, 27

Vivacity of minute animals note, 427

Vorticellæ described, 396--anastatica, 397--pyraria, 400--cratægaria, ibid.--opercularia, 401--umbellaria, 402--berberina, 406--digitalis, ibid.--convallaria, 407--urceolaris, 408--tubularia campanulata, 411

W.

Walker on minute shells, 630--commended by Sir Jos. Banks, ibid.--extracts from, 633

Wasp, its sting to dissect, 145

Water, eel in fresh, 468--in salt ditto, 469

Wheat, eel in blighted, 467

Wheel animal, 549

Willughby detects a pretended discoverer of animalcula, note 432

Wilson, his screw-barrel microscope, 115--ditto with scroll, 117

Wings of insects to dissect, 143

---- forficula auricularia, ibid.--notonecta, ibid.--butterflies and moths, 144, 207--described, 201--hemerobius perla, 206

Wisdom, divine, displayed in the creation, 267, 174--providence, 174--benevolence, 175

Withering, his botanical microscope, 115

Wood, instrument for cutting sections of, 127,--appendage to, 128

Worm, silk, its eyes described, 196

Worms, red, food for polypes, 155

Z.

Ziehr improves solar microscope, 20

A CATALOGUE OF Optical, Mathematical, and Philosophical Instruments, MADE AND SOLD BY W. AND S. JONES, [No. 135,] NEXT FURNIVAL’S-INN, HOLBORN, LONDON.

OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS.

_£._ _s._ _d._

Best double-jointed standard gold spectacles, with pebbles, and fish-skin gold-mounted case 16 16 0

Ditto single-jointed, with ditto case 10 10 0

Best double-jointed silver ditto, with pebbles 1 16 0

Ditto, ditto, with glasses 1 1 0

Best single-jointed, with pebbles 1 8 0

Ditto, with glasses 0 13 0

Best double-jointed steel ditto, with glasses 0 9 0

An improved sort of ditto for ladies 0 10 6

Second best double-jointed steel spectacles, with spring case 0 7 6

Common ditto 0 4 6

Best single-jointed steel spectacles 0 4 6

Second best ditto 0 2 6

Common ditto 0 1 6

Tortoishell spectacles, silver-jointed, with pointed, and other shaped sides, peculiar for their lightness and uninterruption of dressed hair, in morocco leather cases 0 10 6

Ditto, double-jointed frames 0 15 0

Spectacles for eyes that have been couched 0 7 6

Ditto with green glasses for very weak and inflamed eyes, according to the frames, from 6s. to 1 1 0

Ditto for the same purpose, with new contrived portable shades to screen the eyes from candle, or other light 0 15 0

Nose spectacles in silver 0 7 6

Ditto in tortoishell and silver. 0 4 0

Ditto in horn and steel 0 1 6

Spectacle cases in very great variety, from 2d. each to 10 10 0

Concave glasses for short-sighted persons, in horn cases 0 1 6

Ditto in tortoishell, pearl, silver, &c. from 2s. 6d. to 2 2 0

Ditto in new-contrived frames for gentlemen when shooting 0 16 0

Reading and burning glasses, in various mountings, from 1s. to 1 16 0

Convex glasses for watch-makers, engravers, &c. from 1s. to 0 10 6

Gogglers, to guard the eyes from the dust or wind 0 3 0

New green-light shades for the eyes 0 6 6

Opera glasses, in great variety of mountings, from 4s. 6d. to 2 12 6

Ditto, on an improved construction of glasses, plain mounting 1 1 0

REFRACTING TELESCOPES of various lengths, from 6s. to 1 16 0

Ditto to use at sea by night, from 1l. 11s. 6d. to 2 12 6

Achromatic stick telescopes of various lengths from 18s. to 4 0 0

The new-improved ditto, with three sliding brass tubes, by which an instantaneous view of the object is obtained, and shuts up very short for the pocket, of one foot in length, in a case 1 11 6

Second best two-drawers, ditto 1 1 0

Twenty inch best three-drawers, ditto 2 12 6

Ditto second best two-drawers 1 10 0

Two feet best three-drawers, ditto 4 4 0

Ditto second best, ditto 3 3 0

Three feet, best four-drawer ditto 6 6 0

Second best ditto 4 4 0

The preceding telescopes, fitted up elegantly with silver or plated tubes, from 2l. 2s. to 21 0 0

Astronomical eye-pieces and portable brass stands for the above, from 10s. 6d. to 2 12 6

The new-improved 2¹⁄₂ feet achromatic refractor, on a brass stand, mahogany tube, with two sets of eye-glasses, one magnifying about forty times for terrestrial objects, and the other about seventy-five times for astronomical purposes, packed in a mahogany box 9 9 0

Ditto, ditto, the tube all brass, with three eye-pieces 11 1 6

The 3¹⁄₂ feet ditto, ditto, mahogany tube 17 6 6

Ditto, ditto, brass tube 19 8 6

Ditto all in brass, with rack-work motions, &c. 24 3 0

Achromatic perspective glasses for the pocket, in brass, &c. tubes, with a change of eye-glasses, from 12s. to 3 3 0

New-improved ditto, answering the purpose of an opera-glass, with a compass, and helioscope for viewing the sun, from 1l. 3s. to 2 2 0

New-improved achromatic pocket telescope, which, by a small apparatus within its tubes, is readily converted into a compound microscope 3 13 6

An improved portable seven-inch achromatic telescope in brass, with a stand that packs up into the tube of the telescope, adapted for astronomical uses 3 13 6

REFLECTING TELESCOPES, fitted up either upon the _Gregorian_, _Newtonian_, or _Herschelian_ principles, with improved wood, or metal stands, and other apparatus for making celestial observations in the most commodious and accurate manner--The general prices are as follow:

-- Fifteen feet in length, the large metal fifteen inches in diameter, from 250l. to 500 0 0

-- Twelve feet in length, fourteen inch metal 200 0 0

-- Ten feet in length, twelve inch metal 150 0 0

-- Eight feet in length, eleven inch metal 140 0 0

-- Six feet in length, nine inch metal 100 0 0

-- Four feet long, in brass tubes, with portable brass or mahogany framed stands, from 40l. to 100 0 0

_Those reflectors that are constructed upon the principles of_ Newton _or_ Herschel _are about twice the above lengths in the tubes. The reflectors upon the usual Gregorian construction are made with the vertical motion upon a new principle, so as to render them more firm and steady while in use, than any reflectors mounted in the old manner._

A four feet seven inch aperture Gregorian reflector, with the vertical motion upon a new invented principle, as well as apparatus to render the tube more steady in observation; according to the additional apparatus of small speculums, eye-pieces, micrometers, &c. from 70l. to 100 0 0

Three feet long, mounted on a brass stand, common mounting 23 2 0

Ditto with rack work motions, improved mounting, and metals 36 15 0

Two feet long, without rack-work, and with four magnifying powers, improved, 13l. 13s. to 14 14 0

Ditto improved, with rack-work motions 22 1 0

Eighteen inch on a plain stand 8 8 0

Twelve inch ditto 5 5 0

Telescopes of both the above kinds fitted up. with equatorial, &c. motions, micrometers, adjusting, compensating, &c. apparatus, for the most accurate astronomical purposes.

Common MICROSCOPES, from 2s. 6d. to 1 1 0

Wilson’s single pocket microscopes, from 18s. to 2 12 6

Compound microscopes improved, from 2l. 12s. 6d. to 5 5 0

New improved universal ditto 6 6 0

Ditto with the most complete apparatus 10 10 0

Solar microscopes in brass, improved, from 4l. 14s. 6d. to 6 6 0

The new opake and transparent solar microscopes, with improved apparatus, from 10l. 10s. to 16 16 0

Ditto of a larger size, with additional megalascopic apparatus, from 14l. 14s. to 19 19 0