Part 30
Lansing, John, Jr., 104.
Lee, Gen. Charles, 161.
Lee, Henry, 162.
Lee, Richard Henry, 161, 177, 390.
Liberty of the press, 365.
Locke, 257.
Loyalists, opposition of, to constitution, 143.
M’Henry, James, 131, 187, 347, 350.
McKean, Thomas, 90, 100.
McKnight, Dr. Charles, 416.
MacLaughlin, Neil, 321.
Madison, 162, 231, 325, 387, 416.
Magna Charta, 219.
Maine, secession of, 257.
Manufactures in America, 201.
“Marcus,” pseudonym of, 416.
Martin, Luther, 104, 130, 137, 182, 185, 337, 416.
Maryland, 188; convention, 327; Legislature, petition to, 334.
Maryland Journal, 182, 323, 329, 337, 415, 416.
Mason, George, 104, 161, 164, 165, 172, 355.
Massachusetts, 258; Constitution of, 16; convention, 105, 187, 349; proposed resolution for, 84; debt of, 60; delegates from, 29; disadvantages of government for, 102; early history of, 56; feebleness of, 257; impeachment in, 30, 41; Legislature, action on constitution of, 17; means of taxation of, 13; origin of opposition in, 176; plan to aggrandize, 182; position of, 61; public lands of, 63; share of the Continental debt, 77; taxation in, 74; tender law of, 36, 59; warning to, 10.
Massachusetts Centinel, 3, 123, 416.
Massachusetts Gazette, 1, 12, 18, 49, 51, 416, 417.
Mercer, James Francis, 104.
Militia, 358; powers of Congress over, 184; power over, 342, 354; State control of, 118.
Minority, powers of, 33.
Monarchy, small danger of, 165.
Money, receipts and expenditures of public, 36.
Monopolies, power of Congress to create, 70; prevention of, 80.
Montesquieu, 256, 261.
Nails, manufacture of, 202.
Naturalization, 313; powers of Congress over, 79.
Navigation act, 161; motion against, 173; right to make, 234.
Netherlands, condition of, 249.
New England, manufactures of, 201.
New Hampshire, 189, 259; interest of, 190, 192; lands in, 75.
New Haven, 216.
New Haven Gazette, 211, 229, 416.
New Jersey, 183, 355.
New Spain, dangers from, 157.
Newspapers, scribblers in, 25.
New York against constitution, 61; Assembly, 245; colonial parties, 306; constitution of, 297, 299; violation of, 301; draft of a constitution for, 307; impost of, 173; opposition in, 176; proposed property qualification in, 307; State convention of 1776, 298; State debt of, 60; Executive, 310; taxation in, 74; tribute from Connecticut to, 180.
New York Journal, 125, 243, 269, 293, 415, 416, 417.
Nicholas, John, 416.
North Carolina, 258.
North Carolina, State Gazette of, 395, 415, 416, 417.
Northern States, character of people of, 92.
Nova Scotia, 191; condition of, 89.
“Numa,” pseudonym of, 5, 10.
Oath, 207, 369; character of, 17, 168; of President, 38.
“Ocrico,” pseudonym of, 52.
Officers, federal, privileges of, 119.
Office holders, 145; multiplication of, 88.
“Officer of the Continental Army,” pseudonym of, 415.
“Old Fog,” pseudonym of, 3.
Paper money, 127, 131, 196, 341, 348; motion to redeem, 174, 186; states to emit, 119.
Parties, colonial, 306.
People, dangers from, 179; not to elect representatives, 183; rights of, 115.
Pennsylvania, 369; Assembly, 53, 369; Convention of, 90, 100; future seat of government, 98; naturalization in, 79; opposition in, 176.
Pennsylvania Gazette, 415.
“Pennsylvanian,” pseudonym of, 415.
“Philadelphiensis,” pseudonym of, 417.
“Philo-Publius,” pseudonym of, 415.
Pinckney, C. C., 183.
Pinckney, Charles, 416.
Pittsburg Gazette, 317, 415.
“Plain Dealer, A,” pseudonym of, 385, 416.
Poll tax, 272; forbidden, 118.
Population, destiny of, 193.
Press, liberty of, 164, 239.
Prices, depressed state of, 142.
Private opinion, freedom of, 170.
“Publicola,” pseudonym of, 415.
“Publius,” pseudonym of, 145, 416.
Quorum, dangers from, 32; powers of, 33.
Randolph, Edmund, 104, 231, 346, 387.
Randolph, Thomas Mann, 416.
Religion, freedom of, 168, 313; misuse of, 8.
Religious test, 207, 235; nature of, 169; necessity of, 168.
Representation, 54, 269, 391; best mode of, 151; difference of opinion concerning, 354; smallness of, 236, 240; want of, 151.
Representatives, House of, 54; electors of, 28; insufficiency of, 29; length of residence necessary, 28; method of choosing, 152; method of electing, 27, 357; people should not elect, 183; term of, 28; weakness of, 273.
Republics, Greek and Roman, 94.
“Republican Federalist,” pseudonym of, 416.
Republican government, guarantee of, 43, 106.
Revenue bills, origination of, 34.
Revenue, method of collecting, 193; Massachusetts’ share of, 102; sources of, 239.
Revolution, the American, 146.
Rhode Island, 105, 108, 115, 159, 196; junto in, 153; legislature of, 31, 36.
Rights, delegated, 113.
Roane, Spencer, 385, 416.
Russell, Benjamin, 127.
Scotland, union with England, 216.
Senate, 29, 273; blended with Executive, 275; method of choosing, 153; officers of, 29; powers of impeachment, 29; treaty power of, 165, 274; unspecified character of, 319.
Shay’s Rebellion, 5, 13, 57, 72, 157, 159, 257, 391.
Sheep raising, 201.
Sherman, Roger, 183, 211, 229, 416.
Shipbuilding, 61, 194; carpenters, 61.
Slavery, 258; responsibility for, 163.
Slaves, importation of, 163.
Smilie, John, 100, 321.
Smith, Melancthon, 173.
South Carolina, 164, 183, 265, 355; amendment of, 235; representation in, 108.
Southern States, character of people of 92; objections to commercial powers, 162.
“Spectator,” pseudonym of, 326.
States, coercion of, 184; influences, 297; courts, 54, 159; absorption of, 297; dangers to, 153; destruction of, 342; powers of, 98; negative on laws, 360; legislatures, action of, on constitution, 25; Congress a check on, 31; differences between Congress and, 224; powers of, 152; power over elections, 31; representation in, 152; officers, dangers from, 289; restrictions on, 36; rights, 68, 113, 118, 147, 184; admission of new, 42; advantages of, 66; bills of right valid in federal courts, 119; consolidation of, 97, 255; destruction of, 375; disputes between, 64, 100; equality of, in Senate, 29; interest of, 215; large vs. small, 216, 355; number to organize government, 184; rights to enforce laws of, 118.
State Gazette of North Carolina, 395.
State Gazette of South Carolina, 416.
State house, 355.
“State Soldier,” pseudonym of, 417.
“Steady and Open Republican,” pseudonym of, 416.
“Steady,” pseudonym of, 326.
Strong, Caleb, 105.
Sullivan, James, 1, 416.
“Sydney,” pseudonym of, 269, 293, 417.
Tax, poll, 273.
Taxation, 156, 193; dangers of, 81; direct, 235, 270; importance of, 271; in Connecticut, 148, 226; method of, 77, 358; powers of Congress over, 97.
Tender acts, 36, 59, 196.
Territory, right to alienate, 80, 118, 234.
Test law, 169, 171, 207, 235.
Town meetings, 226.
Trade, 61; condition of, 140; congressional control over, 161; foreign, 95; limitations of, 54; Massachusetts’ advantage for, 73; powers of Congress over, 79; regulation of, 70.
Trading companies, 70, 109; forbidden, 118.
Treason, punishment of, 41.
Treaty power, dangers from, 165.
Treaties, law of the land, 24; with Europe, 89.
Tucker, St. George, 417.
United States, an agricultural country, 200; condition of, 81, 121, 158; dangers to, 178; differences between the inhabitants of, 91; too large for government, 257; tranquillity of, 59.
Vermont, 258.
Vice-president, 240, 263; duties of, 158.
Virginia, 162, 390; house of delegates of, 166; plan to aggrandize, 182; qualifications of, 306; method of, 305; opposition in, 176.
Virginia Gazette, 387.
Virginia Independent Chronicle, 385, 416, 417.
“Vox Populi,” pseudonym of, 12, 16, 18.
Washington, George, 23, 26, 161, 177, 218, 251, 254, 285, 321, 347, 370.
West Indies, condition of, 89.
Western territory, 239.
Willetts, Marinus, 173.
Williams, William, 137, 168, 195, 202, 417.
Williamson, Hugh, 395, 417.
Wilson, James, 90, 96, 100, 112, 218, 335.
Winthrop, James, 40, 49, 417.
Woolen manufactures, 201.
Workman, Benjamin, 417.
Yates, Robert, 104, 173, 269, 293, 417.
FOOTNOTES
1 A writer then attacking the Hancock party. See _The Independent Chronicle_ for Aug. 23, and Sept. 15, 20, 1787. _Ed._
2 Shay’s Rebellion. _Ed._
3 Massachusetts newspapers published in Northampton and Boston. _Ed._
4 The administration of Governor Bowdoin. _Ed._
5 The author of the productions under the signature of Numa, it is said, is a gentleman of the cloth, in one of the Western counties.
6 John Hancock. _Ed._
7 A writer in the _Massachusetts Gazette_, Oct. 30, Nov. 6, 13, 16, and 23. _Ed._
8 The Legislature of Massachusetts was then so styled. _Ed._
9 In the _Massachusetts Gazette_, for Nov. 2, 9, and 20, 1787. _Ed._
10 See the letters of Agrippa in this work. _Ed._
11 Probably Elbridge Gerry, delegate from Massachusetts to the Federal Convention. _Ed._
12 Anti-federal scribblers in the Mass. Gazette.
13 Referring to Rhode Island. _Ed._
14 Harvard University Library, of which James Winthrop was librarian.—_Ed._
15 Said to be by James Winthrop. See the letters, printed herein.—_Ed._
16 Printed in _Elliot_, I, 492.—_Ed._
17 “An Address of the subscribers, members of the late Houses of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, to their constituents,” printed in the _Pennsylvania Packet_, Oct. 4, 1787.—_Ed._
18 Referring to Shay’s rebellion.—_Ed._
19 Act of 1786, providing that executions issued for private debt may be satisfied by articles particularly enumerated, at an appraised value from impartial men.—_Ed._
20 No attempt had been made by Massachusetts for several years to pay the interest on its debt, except by the State Treasurer’s issuing “consolidated notes” or “certificates” of indebtedness, bearing 6 per cent. interest. Though these were by law receivable for taxes, they had sold as low as 4/ in the pound.—_Ed._
21 The sales to the Ohio Company.—_Ed._
22 By Act of July 5, 1786.—_Ed._
23 Probably an allusion to the Phelps and Gorham purchase.—_Ed._
24 An allusion to the proceedings in the Convention of Pennsylvania.—_Ed._
25 Cf. with page 85.—_Ed._
26 Robert Yates, John Lansing, Jr., Luther Martin, James Francis Mercer, Edmund Randolph, George Mason, and Elbridge Gerry.—_Ed._
27 The speech of Caleb Strong in the State Convention, Jan. 16, 1788.—_Ed._
28 Delivered Oct. 6, 1787. Printed in _Ford’s Pamphlets on the Constitution_, p. 155.—_Ed._
29 No record of this is given in the _Debates in the Massachusetts Convention_.—_Ed._
30 Printed in _Elliot_, I, 492.—_Ed._
31 Printed in Ford’s _Pamphlets on the Constitution_, p. 327.
32 Richard Henry Lee.
33 Saturday, September 15. See _Papers of James Madison_, III., 1593.
34 The paragraph containing Mason’s objection to the mere majority power of Congress to regulate commerce, was included in all the southern papers, but omitted in copies furnished to the papers north of Maryland.—_Ed._
35 Mason proposed in the convention that the President should have a privy council of six.—_Ed._
36 This is an error. It was moved by Mason and seconded by Gerry. Cf. _Papers of James Madison, III._, 1578.
37 See letter of William Williams in this collection.—_Ed._
38 John Lamb, Marinus Willetts, Melancthon Smith, George Clinton and Robert or Abraham Yates, the principal anti-federalists of New York.—_Ed._
39 See counter-statements of Gerry and Martin in their answers.—_Ed._
40 Cf. _Papers of James Madison_, III, 1595.
41 The Convention of Connecticut, which was to meet Jan. 4.—_Ed._
42 The Landholder, IV-VIII, were reprinted in _The Maryland Journal_, and the attack on Gerry in them, drew from Luther Martin a defence of that gentleman, which is printed in this collection. To that the Landholder replied as above, but this one of the series was not printed in _The Connecticut Courant_, its place being taken by the number X., printed immediately after this letter.—_Ed._
43 June 9.—_Ed._
44 This is a misstatement. The motion to elect representatives as the state legislature should direct was made by C. C. Pinckney, was seconded by Martin, and approved of by Sherman, and on being put to a vote was favored by Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware and South Carolina. Cf. _Papers of James Madison_, II., 925.—_Ed._
45 Mr. Gerry agreed with Mr. Martin on these questions.
46 By direction of the General Assembly of Maryland, Martin reported the proceedings of the federal Convention to them, and this was afterwards printed in pamphlet form under the title of _Genuine Information_.—_Ed._
47 June 9, according to Madison, the _Journal_ and Martin’s _Genuine Information_.—_Ed._
48 Gerry, though defeated in an election to the Massachusetts Convention, was invited by them to attend, in order to furnish information to the members.—_Ed._
49 To prevent any misconstruction the following is the publication entire:
(This note is by the Landholder, and is followed by the article already printed at p. 127. It therefore seems unnecessary to add it here.—_Ed._)
I will not say this writer makes a distinction between a thing done in convention and a thing done in committee. Be this as it may, he confesses more than Mr. Martin; for it seems that Mr. Gerry proposed that “the public debt should stand on the same ground it now stands on by the articles of confederation.” He might have subjoined that Mr. Gerry prefaced this motion by observing that it was the same in substance as his first, in as much as it included his first. But notwithstanding this motion was readily agreed to without his explanation being contradicted, yet he never afterwards favoured the convention with a look of peace, or a word of reconcilement.
50 The convention of New Hampshire had met on the 13 of June, and after a discussion of seven days, had adjourned without voting upon the constitution.—_Ed._
51 See Letter of William Williams in this Collection.—_Ed._
52 This is a paraphrase of the arguments of “The Centinel” in _The Independent Gazetteer_.—ED.
53 An attempt had been made in Congress, by the friends of the new government, for Congress to recommend its acceptance, but this produced protest from those opposed to it, and threats of an appeal to the people, so in order to prevent such action a compromise was eventually made, by which it was merely unanimously “transmitted to the several legislatures.”—_Ed._
54 A series of articles in the _New York Journal_, written by Robert Yates.—_Ed._
55 John Smilie, a prominent Anti-Federalist.—_Ed._
56 William Livingston.—_Ed._
57 See _Ante_, pages 182 and 189.—_Ed._
58 The Maryland Delegates to the Federal Convention were required by the legislature to report the proceedings of that body to them, and it was in this connection that Martin’s _Genuine Information_ was prepared.—_Ed._
59 According to this idea, I endeavored to obtain as an amendment to the system the following clause: “And whenever the legislature of the United States shall find it necessary that revenue shall be raised by direct taxation, having apportioned the same by the above rule, requisitions shall be made of the respective states to pay into the continental treasury their respective quotas within a time in the said requisition to be specified, and in case of any of the states failing to comply with such requisition, then, and then only, to have power to devise and pass acts directing the mode, and authorizing the same in the state failing therein.” This was rejected, and that power, which I wished to have given the government only in this particular instance, is given to it without any restraint or limitation in every case.
60 How exactly agreeable to the sentiments of that honourable member has been the conduct of the friends of the Constitution in Pennsylvania and some other states, I need not mention.
61 A reference to Alexander Contee Hanson’s pamphlet, written under the pseudonym of Aristides. It is reprinted in Ford’s _Pamphlets on the Constitution_.—_Ed._
62 Printed in _Elliot_, 1, 503.—_Ed._
63 Williamson was a member of the Federal Convention.—_Ed._
64 Following this article was an essay from a New York paper.—_Ed._
65 See page 339.—_Ed._