Essays in medical sociology, Volume 2 (of 2)

A controversy is persistently carried on between an increasing body of the non-professional laity and an important section of the medical profession, in relation to the methods...

It is through the gradual and harmonious development of intelligence with that element in our nature that we name conscience that the human race passes from lower to higher stat...

The problems which are involved in the practice of the beneficent art, the absolute reliance which the anxious patient is compelled to place in his physician, the helplessness o...

If medical progress simply involved the investigation of inorganic Nature, the general public would be only learners, gladly receiving such information in geology, chemistry, as...

It must be carefully noted that the wrong involved in inflicting torture upon a living creature is the violation of a rational principle. The employment of torture or of painful...

Whilst fully recognising the right of the laity to criticise scientific method when it deals with sentient animals, fashioned on the same general plan as ourselves, and capable...

When we investigate the popular or ethical aspect of so-called scientific research made upon living animals, we are at once met by facts which imperatively demand both serious t...

Another serious ethical danger connected with unrestrained experiment on the lower animals is the enormous increase of audacious human surgery, which tends to overpower the slow...

The apparent opposition between popular and medical judgment in relation to certain methods of biological research which claim to be scientific, necessitates a clearer knowledge...

Intellectual error, as well as practical danger, arises from the attempt to transfer to man results supposed to be gained by fallacious experimentation on the lower animals. The...

As an illustration of legitimate and even heroic experiment, the trial made with cholera bacilli by Dr. Von Pettenkofer of Munich on himself during the cholera epidemic of 1891...

‘I am content to let Nature do all the torturing and man all the relieving ... the grandest physiology and physiological discovery could exist outside every shade of painful exp...

II. It is a radical intellectual error to apply the same methods of investigation, suitable to inorganic facts, to the study of organic facts. Natural law being mind ruling matt...