Chapter 21

[23] Thus Howe (_American Journal of Psychology_, vi, 239 ff.), has published some investigations in the negative. One series of 557 experiments gave him eight apparently mediate associations; after examination, he reduced them to a single one, which seemed to him doubtful. Another series of 961 experiments gives 72 cases, for which he offers an explanation other than mediate association. On the other hand, Aschaffenburg admits them to the extent of four per cent.; the association-time is longer than for average associations (_Psychologische Arbeiten_, I and II). Consult especially Scripture, _The New Psychology_, chapter xiii, with experiments in support of his conclusion.

[24] Ziehen, _Leitfaden der physiologischen Psychologie_, 4th edition, 1898, pp. 164, 174. Also, Sully, _Human Mind_, I, 343.