Part 4

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Asclepias (Asclep.), Asclepias, N.F.= (Pleurisy Root).

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete domestic remedy for pleurisy, also used as diaphoretic. Probably without value.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Asclepiadis (Fldext. Asclepiad.), Fluidextract of Asclepias, N.F._--Asclepias (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=*Aspidium (Aspidium), Aspidium, U.S.P.= (Male Fern).--The rhizome of certain ferns.

ACTION AND USES: Used as a teniacide in the form of oleoresin.

_*Oleoresina Aspidii (Oleores. Aspid.), Oleoresin of Aspidium, U.S.P._ (Oleoresin of Male Fern).

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (total dose in a day, U.S.P.), which may be given singly or in repeated, divided doses, at intervals of fifteen minutes, in capsules containing 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains, or in emulsion. Larger doses may be given to robust persons. Special caution is necessary in giving it to anemic or debilitated persons. The patient should be prepared by a light diet or fasting for twenty-four hours. The drug should be given early in the morning, preceded by a saline cathartic, and the last dose followed in three hours by a saline laxative. Caution:--Castor oil or other fixed oils should not be used in connection with oleoresin of aspidium, as they favor the absorption of the active principle.

=Aspidosperma (Aspidosp.), Aspidosperma, U.S.P.= (Quebracho).--A bark.

ACTION AND USES: Has been recommended in dyspneic conditions. Value doubtful.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Aspidospermatis (Fldext. Aspidosp.), Fluidextract of Aspidosperma, U.S.P._ (Fluidextract of Quebracho).--Aspidosperma (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

=*Atropina (Atrop.), Atropine, U.S.P.=--An alkaloid obtained from belladonna and some other plants of the nightshade family.

A white, odorless powder. Slightly soluble in water (1:455), but freely soluble in alcohol (1:2).

ACTION AND USES: Atropine and the related alkaloids paralyze the parasympathetic endings. They are used especially as mydriatics and cycloplegics, to suppress secretions, as in gastric hyperacidity, and to quicken the heart, regulate peristalsis, lessen bronchial spasm, etc.

DOSAGE: 0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain (U.S.P.).

_Oleatum Atropinae (Oleat. Atrop.), Oleate of Atropine, N.F._--Atropine (2%), in alcohol, oleic acid and olive oil.

=*Atropinae Sulphas (Atrop. Sulph.), Atropine Sulphate, U.S.P.=

White, odorless powder. Very soluble in water (1:0.4) and in alcohol (1:5).

DOSAGE: 0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain (U.S.P.).

=Aurantii Amari Cortex (Aurant. Amar. Cort.), Bitter Orange Peel, U.S.P.=

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic bitter stomachic, used principally as a flavoring.

_Fluidextractum Aurantii Amari (Fldext. Aurant. Amar.), Fluidextract of Bitter Orange Peel, U.S.P._--Bitter orange peel (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

_Tinctura Aurantii Amari (Tr. Aurant. Amar.), Tincture of Bitter Orange Peel, U.S.P._--Bitter orange peel (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

_Vinum Aurantii Compositum (Vin. Aurant. Co.), Compound Wine of Orange, N.F._ (Elixir Aurantiorum Compositum, Compound Elixir of Orange).--Bitter orange peel, absinthium, menyanthes, cascarilla, Saigon cinnamon and gentian, extracted with potassium carbonate in sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

USES: Objectionable alcoholic "bitter."

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Aurantii Dulcis Cortex (Aurant Dulc. Cort.), Sweet Orange Peel, U.S.P.=

ACTION AND USES: Flavoring agent.

_Syrupus Aurantii (Syr. Aurant.), Syrup of Orange, U.S.P._--Tincture of sweet orange peel in syrup.

_Tinctura Aurantii Dulcis (Tr. Aurant. Dulc.), Tincture of Sweet Orange Peel, U.S.P._--Sweet orange peel from fresh fruit (50%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 83 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

=Aurantii Flores, Bitter Orange Flowers.=

ACTION AND USES: Flavoring agent.

_Aqua Aurantii Florum (Aq. Aurant. Flor.), Orange Flower Water, U.S.P._--Stronger orange flower water in water.

_Aqua Aurantii Florum Fortior (Aq. Aurant. Flor. Fort.), Stronger Orange Flower Water, U.S.P._--Prepared by distillation of bitter orange flowers with water. Must be free from mucilaginous growths.

_Syrupus Aurantii Florum (Syr. Aurant. Flor.), Syrup of Orange Flowers, U.S.P._--Sugar in orange flower water.

=Auri et Sodii Chloridum (Aur. et Sod. Chlor.), Gold and Sodium Chloride, U.S.P.=--Equal parts of AuCl{3} and NaCl.

An orange-yellow, odorless, deliquescent powder with a saline, metallic taste. Very soluble in water.

ACTION AND USES: Preparations of gold have been employed in medicine for the most varied conditions without any real evidence of usefulness.

DOSAGE: 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.).

=*Balsamum Peruvianum (Bals. Peruv.), Balsam of Peru, U.S.P.= (Peru Balsam).

Dark brown, viscid liquid, with a vanilla-like odor and a bitter, acrid taste. Soluble in alcohol or chloroform; only partially soluble in ether or petroleum benzin; practically insoluble in water.

ACTION AND USES: Externally in the form of ointments or alcoholic solutions as a stimulant to indolent wounds and ulcers and in the treatment of scabies.

=*Balsamum Tolutanum (Bals. Tolu.), Balsam of Tolu, U.S.P.= (Tolu Balsam).

Yellowish-brown or brown, plastic solid, becoming brittle when old, dried or exposed to cold, and having a vanilla-like odor and a mild, aromatic taste. Insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol, chloroform and ether.

ACTION AND USES: Has been recommended as an expectorant; used chiefly in the form of the syrup, which is little more than a pleasantly flavored vehicle.

_*Syrupus Tolutanus (Syr. Tolu.), Syrup of Tolu, U.S.P._--Tincture of tolu (5%) in syrup.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Tolutana (Tr. Tolu.), Tincture of Tolu, U.S.P._--Balsam of tolu (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

=Baptisia (Baptis.), Baptisia, N.F.= (Wild Indigo Root).

ACTION AND USES: Without any definite known action; formerly used in typhoid fever and diseases showing similar symptoms.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Baptisiae (Fldext. Baptis.), Fluidextract of Baptisia, N.F._--Baptisia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

=*Belladonnae Folia (Bellad. Fol.), Belladonna Leaves, U.S.P.= (Deadly Nightshade Leaves, Belladonnae Folium, P.I.).--Yield not less than 0.3 per cent. of mydriatic alkaloids.

ACTION AND USES: Those of the hyoscyamine and atropine (which see) contained therein.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

_*Emplastrum Belladonnae (Emp. Bellad.), Belladonna Plaster, U.S.P._--Extract of belladonna leaves (30%), yielding about 0.37 per cent. of alkaloids.

ACTION AND USES: Applied in the treatment of rheumatic and similar pains.

_*Extractum Belladonnae Foliorum (Ext. Bellad. Fol.), Extract of Belladonna Leaves, U.S.P._--One Gm. extract represents about 4 Gm. belladonna leaves and yields about 1.25 per cent. of alkaloids. Two forms: pilular extract of belladonna leaves and powdered extract of belladonna leaves.

DOSAGE: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.).

_*Tinctura Belladonnae Foliorum (Tr. Bellad. Fol.), Tincture of Belladonna Leaves, U.S.P._ (Belladonnae Tinctura, P.I.)--Belladonna leaves (10%) yielding about 0.03 per cent. of alkaloids in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 47 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.75 Cc. or 12 minims (U.S.P.).

_*Unguentum Belladonnae (Ung. Bellad.), Belladonna Ointment, U.S.P._--Pilular extract of belladonna leaves (10%) in diluted alcohol, hydrous wool fat and benzoinated lard.

=Belladonnae Radix (Bellad. Rad.), Belladonna Root, U.S.P.= (Deadly Nightshade Root).--Yields not less than 0.45 per cent. of mydriatic alkaloids.

ACTION AND USES: Those of the hyoscyamine and atropine (which see) contained therein.

DOSAGE: 0.045 Gm. or 3/4 grain (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Belladonnae Radicis (Fldext. Bellad. Rad.), Fluidextract of Belladonna Root, U.S.P._--Belladonna root (100%) yielding about 0.45 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.).

_Linimentum Belladonnae (Lin. Bellad.), Belladonna Liniment, U.S.P._--Fluidextract of belladonna root (about 95%) and camphor (5%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

USES: A mildly analgesic and rubefacient application.

=Benzaldehydum (Benzaldehyd.), Benzaldehyde, U.S.P.=--Produced synthetically or obtained from oil of bitter almonds.

A colorless or yellowish liquid, with a bitter-almond odor and a burning, aromatic taste. Slightly soluble in water; miscible with alcohol, ether, and fixed or volatile oils.

ACTION AND USES: Flavoring agent.

DOSAGE: 0.03 Cc. or 1/2 minim (U.S.P.).

=Benzinum Purificatum (Benzin. Purif.), Purified Petroleum Benzin, U.S.P.= (Petroleum Ether).

A clear, colorless liquid, with an ethereal or faint petroleum odor; highly inflammable. Practically insoluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol and miscible with ether, chloroform, volatile oils and fixed oils with the exception of castor oil.

ACTION AND USES: Pharmaceutic solvent.

=*Benzoinum (Benzoin.), Benzoin, U.S.P.= (Gum Benjamin).--A balsamic resin.

ACTION AND USES: Used locally to promote healing, and in inhalations as an expectorant.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Benzoini (Tr. Benz.), Tincture of Benzoin, U.S.P._--Benzoin (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 83 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

_*Tinctura Benzoini Composita (Tr. Benz. Co.), Compound Tincture of Benzoin, U.S.P._--Benzoin (10%), aloes (2%), storax (8%), balsam of tolu (4%), in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

USES: Protective and local stimulant, especially by inhalation.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

=*Benzosulphinidum (Benzosulphinid.), Benzosulphinide, U.S.P.= (Saccharin, Glusidum).

A white, nearly odorless powder with an intensely sweet taste even in dilute solutions. Slightly soluble (1:290) in water and soluble (1:31) in alcohol and readily dissolved by ammonia water or by a solution of alkali hydroxides or of sodium bicarbonate.

ACTION AND USES: Sweetening agent in diabetes mellitus; about 500 times as sweet as sugar, weight for weight.

=Berberis (Berber.), Berberis, N.F.= (Oregon Grape Root).--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Probably similar to, but without advantage over, hydrastis.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Berberidis (Fldext. Berberid.), Fluidextract of Berberis, N.F._--Berberis (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=Betaeucainae Hydrochloridum (Betaeucain. Hydrochl.), Betaeucaine Hydrochloride, U.S.P.= (Eucaine Chloride, Eucaine; also known as Benzamine Hydrochloride).

A white, odorless powder. Soluble in water (1:30) and in alcohol (1:35).

ACTION AND USES: Local anesthetic.

DOSAGE: In a 2 or 3 per cent. solution for the eye or 5 to 10 per cent. solution for the nose and throat.

=*Betanaphthol (Betanaph.), Betanaphthol, U.S.P.= (Naphthol).

Colorless or pale buff crystalline laminae or white or yellowish powder, with a faint phenol odor and a pungent taste. Only slightly soluble in water (1:1000) and very soluble in alcohol (1:0.8).

ACTION AND USES: Antiseptic, somewhat stronger than phenol and less toxic. Used in skin affections, and as intestinal antiseptic and anthelmintic for hookworm.

DOSAGE: Internally, 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.). Externally as a 3 to 5 per cent. ointment.

_Pasta Betanaphtholis (Past. Betanaphthol.), Betanaphthol Paste, N.F._ (Lassar's Naphthol Paste).--Betanaphthol (10%) and precipitated sulphur (50%) in petrolatum and soft soap.

_Petroxolinum Betanaphtholis (Petrox. Betanaphthol.), Betanaphthol Petroxolin, N.F._ (Betanaphthol Petrox).--Betanaphthol (10%) in liquid petroxolin.

=Bismuthi Betanaphtholas (Bism. Betanaph.), Bismuth Betanaphthol, U.S.P.= (Bismuth Betanaphtholate; also sold as Orphol).--Of somewhat varying composition.

A buff-colored or grayish-brown, nearly odorless, tasteless powder. Nearly insoluble in water or alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Used as an intestinal antiseptic, being decomposed into its constituents in the intestine, where it exerts the effects of bismuth salts and of betanaphthol.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

=Bismuthi et Ammonii Citras (Bism. et Ammon. Cit.), Bismuth and Ammonium Citrate, U.S.P.= (Bismuth Ammoniocitrate).

Shining, pearly or translucent, odorless scales or white powder, with a metallic taste. Very soluble in water and sparingly soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Somewhat astringent and irritating; should not be used as a substitute for the insoluble salts of bismuth. Its use in "bismuth elixirs" is irrational.

DOSAGE: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.).

=Bismuthi et Sodii Tartras, Bismuth and Sodium Tartrate.=

USES: An irrational method of administering bismuth.

_Elixir Bismuthi (Elix. Bismuth.), Elixir of Bismuth, N.F._--Glycerite of bismuth (12.5%), in glycerin, water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Bismuthi (Elix. Cinchon. Ferr. et Bism.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids, Iron and Bismuth, N.F._ (Elixir Cinchonae, Ferri et Bismuthi, N.F. III, Elixir of Calisaya, Alkaloidal, with Iron and Bismuth).--Glycerite of bismuth (6.5%), elixir of cinchona, alkaloids and iron (about 87%) and water. Absolute alcohol content about 17 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Glyceritum Bismuthi (Glycer. Bismuth.), Glycerite of Bismuth, N.F._--A solution of bismuth and sodium tartrate.

_Liquor Bismuthi (Liq. Bism.), Solution of Bismuth, N.F._--Glycerite of bismuth (12.5%), in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm. (N.F.).

=Bismuthi Oxidum, Bismuth Oxide.=

_Magma Bismuthi (Magma Bism.), Bismuth Magma, U.S.P._ (Milk of Bismuth).--A suspension in water of bismuth hydroxide and bismuth subcarbonate, forming a thick, white opaque liquid.

USES: Used similarly to bismuth subcarbonate, over which it has no advantage.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

=*Bismuthi Subcarbonas (Bism. Subcarb.), Bismuth Subcarbonate, U.S.P.=--Of varying chemical composition.

White or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water or alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Used like other insoluble salts of bismuth as a protective and healing agent against wounds, diarrheas, etc., and in x-ray work.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.) in powders or cachets or in suspension (best form)

=*Bismuthi Subgallas (Bism. Subgall.), Bismuth Subgallate, U.S.P.= (Dermatol).--A basic bismuth gallate of varying chemical composition.

Bright yellow, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water or alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Similar to those of bismuth subcarbonate, over which it has no advantage.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

=*Bismuthi Subnitras (Bism. Subnit.), Bismuth Subnitrate, U.S.P.=--Basic bismuth nitrate of varying chemical composition.

A heavy, white, odorless, almost tasteless powder. Almost insoluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. In aqueous mixtures, incompatible with alkali carbonates because of the liberation of nitric acid.

ACTION AND USES: Somewhat more astringent than the subcarbonate, because of the liberation of nitric acid.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.). Preferably administered as a powder or as cachets.

=Bismuthi Subsalicylas (Bism. Subsalicyl.), Bismuth Subsalicylate, U.S.P.=--Basic bismuth salicylate, of varying chemical composition.

A white or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder. Almost insoluble in water or alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Protective and astringent like other insoluble salts of bismuth, over which it has no marked advantage.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

=Boldo (Boldo), Boldo, N.F.= (Boldo Leaves).

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic, perhaps somewhat diuretic. No well defined indications for its use.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Boldi (Fldext. Boldi), Fluidextract of Boldo, N.F._--Boldo (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).

=Brayera (Brayer.), Brayera, N.F.= (Kousso, Cusso).--Flowers.

ACTION AND USES: Teniacide; without advantage over aspidium or pelletierine.

DOSAGE: 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (N.F.).

_Infusum Brayerae (Inf. Brayer.), Infusion of Brayera, N.F._--Brayera (6%) in water.

DOSAGE: 250 Cc. or 8 fluidounces (N.F.).

=Bromoformum (Bromof.), Bromoform, U.S.P.=--CHBr{3}.

A heavy, clear, colorless liquid, with an ethereal odor and a sweet taste resembling that of chloroform. Slightly soluble in water and miscible with alcohol, chloroform, ether or fixed or volatile oils.

ACTION AND USES: Has been recommended as a sedative in the treatment of whooping-cough. Opinions differ as to its value.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.), preferably dissolved in almond oil or dropped on sugar. Bromoform is too dense to be dispensed safely with aqueous vehicles.

=Bromum (Bromum), Bromine, N.F.=--Br.

Heavy, dark, brownish-red, volatile liquid, with a suffocating odor resembling that of chlorine. Soluble in water (1:90) and freely soluble in alcohol or ether.

ACTION AND USES: Violent irritant; seldom used in medicine.

_Liquor Bromi (Liq. Brom.), Solution of Bromine, N.F._, (Smith's Solution of Bromine).--Bromine (8.3%), potassium bromide and water.

USES: Antiseptic and irritant

=Bryonia (Bryon.), Bryonia, N.F.= (Bryony).--Root.

ACTION AND USES: Drastic resinous cathartic; without advantage over jalap. Used in dropsies, pleurisy, neuralgia, etc.; of doubtful value.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Tinctura Bryoniae (Tr. Bryon.), Tincture of Bryonia, N.F._--Bryonia (10%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Buchu (Buchu), Buchu, U.S.P.= (Buchu Leaves, Short Buchu, Long Buchu).

ACTION AND USES: At one time largely used as antiseptic and diuretic, especially in catarrhal cystitis. Value doubtful.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Buchu (Elix. Buchu), Elixir of Buchu, N.F._--Fluidextract of buchu (12.5%) in alcohol and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 35 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.

_Elixir Buchu Compositum (Elix. Buchu Co.), Compound Elixir of Buchu, N.F._--Compound fluidextract of buchu (25%) in aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.

_Elixir Buchu et Potassii Acetatis (Elix. Buchu et Pot. Acet.), Elixir of Buchu and Potassium Acetate, N.F._--Potassium acetate (8.5%) and elixir of buchu. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.

_Fluidextractum Buchu (Fldext. Buchu), Fluidextract of Buchu, U.S.P._--Buchu (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Buchu Compositum (Fldext. Buchu Co.), Compound Fluidextract of Buchu, N.F._--Buchu (62.5%), cubeb, juniper and uva ursi (each 12.5%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

USES: A needlessly complex diuretic mixture.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=Cacao Praeparata (Cacao Praep.), Cocoa, N.F.= (Prepared Cacao, Soluble Cocoa).

ACTION AND USES: Beverage and flavor

=Cactus Grandiflorus (Cact. Grand.), Cactus Grandiflorus, N.F.= (Night Blooming Cereus).--Fresh stems.

ACTION AND USES: Used in neurotic heart disturbances; results probably imaginary. Drug apparently inactive.

_Tinctura Cacti Grandiflori (Tr. Cact. Grand.), Tincture of Cactus Grandiflorus, N.F._--Cactus grandiflorus (50%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

=*Caffeina (Caffein.), Caffeine, U.S.P.= (Theine).--An alkaloid obtained from coffee or tea.

White, silky, efflorescent needles, odorless and bitter. Soluble in water (1:46) and in alcohol (1:66).

ACTION AND USES: Diuretic; cardiac, respiratory and psychic stimulant. Used as a nerve stimulant in poisoning by narcotic drugs and for the relief of headache. Widely used to combat the circulatory depression of the acute infectious diseases but its value in such conditions is uncertain. As a diuretic probably inferior to theobromine.

DOSAGE: 0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains (U.S.P.), in capsules.

_Caffeina Citrata (Caffein Cit.), Citrated Caffeine, U.S.P._--Caffeine and citric acid equal parts.

White, odorless powder, with a slightly bitter, acid taste.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.), in solution or capsules.

_Caffeina Citrata Effervescens (Caff. Cit. Eff.), Effervescent Citrated Caffeine, U.S.P._--Contains anhydrous caffeine (about 2%), with sodium tartrate and citrate.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.) in water.

=*Caffeinae Sodio-Benzoas (Caff. Sod. Benz.), Caffeine Sodio-Benzoate, U.S.P.=--Caffeine and sodium benzoate about equal parts.

White, odorless powder, with a slightly bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.1) and soluble in alcohol (1:30); partly soluble in chloroform.

ACTION AND USES: The form of caffeine usually employed for hypodermic administration, since it is freely soluble.

DOSAGE: By mouth, 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.); hypodermic, 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.).

=Caffeinae Sodio-Salicylas (Caff. Sod. Salicyl.), Caffeine Sodio-Salicylate, N.F.=--Represents equal parts of caffeine and sodium salicylate.

White, odorless powder. Freely soluble in water (1:2).

DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.)

=Calamina Praeparata (Calamin. Praep.), Prepared Calamine, N.F.= (Lapis Calaminaris).--Native zinc carbonate.

A pink powder. Insoluble in water.

ACTION AND USES: Protective, similar to zinc oxide, over which it has no therapeutic advantage; has the cosmetic advantage of being slightly pink.

_Unguentum Calaminae (Ung. Calamin.), Calamine Ointment, N.F._, (Unguentum Zinci Carbonatis Crudi, Unguentum Calaminare, Turner's Cerate).--Prepared calamine (17%) in ointment.

=Calcii Bromidum (Calc. Brom.), Calcium Bromide, U.S.P.=--Hydrated calcium bromide (not less than 84 per cent. of CaBr{2}).

A white, odorless, deliquescent powder, with a sharp, saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.7) and in alcohol (1:1.3). Incompatible with alkali carbonates and phosphates.

ACTION AND USES: Similar to but more irritant than sodium bromide, over which it has ordinarily no advantage, although the calcium perhaps increases the sedative action.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains, preferably administered in aqueous solutions, being too deliquescent for use in powder or cachets.

_Elixir Calcii Bromidi (Elix. Calc. Brom.), Elixir of Calcium Bromide, N.F._--Calcium bromide (8.5%) diluted hydrobromic acid (0.4%), syrup, distilled water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 7 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=*Calcii Carbonas Praecipitatus (Calc. Carb. Praec.), Precipitated Calcium Carbonate, U.S.P.= (Precipitated Chalk).--CaCO{3}.

A fine, white, odorless, tasteless powder. Nearly insoluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. Decomposed by acids with evolution of carbon dioxide.

ACTION AND USES: Chiefly used as a basis for tooth powder. Internally, employed as an antacid in diarrheas, etc.; externally in mixtures with cream or oil, has been used as an application to burns as an antacid and protective.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.), as powder or in suspension