Part 3

_Syrupus Althaeae (Syr. Althae.), Syrup of Althaea, N.F._--Althaea (5%) with alcohol, glycerin and sugar in water. Absolute alcohol content about 2.5 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Althaeae Folia (Althae. Fol.), Althaea Leaves, N.F.= (Marsh Mallow Leaves).

ACTION AND USES: Domestic demulcent and emollient; inferior for internal use to gums and for poultices to flaxseed.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Species Emollientes (Spec. Emoll.), Emollient Species, N.F._ (Emollient Cataplasm).--Althaea leaves, mallow leaves, melilot, matricaria and flaxseed. Emollient poultice is made by adding a suitable quantity of hot water to this powder.

=*Alumen (Alum.), Alum, U.S.P.=--AlNH{4}(SO{4}){2} + 12H{2}O or AlK(SO{4}){2} + 12H{2}O. (The physician may indicate whether ammonium alum or potassium alum is desired.)

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and possessing a strongly astringent taste. Ammonium alum is somewhat less soluble in water than is potassium alum, which is freely soluble in water (1:7.2); both are insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Astringent, styptic and hemostatic. Seldom administered internally.

DOSAGE: As a gargle, in from 1 to 5 per cent. solution (somewhat injurious to the teeth); as an injection in gonorrhea, in from 0.5 to 1 per cent. solution; as a lotion in skin diseases, in 1 per cent. solution.

_*Alumen Exsiccatum (Alum. Exsic.), Exsiccated Alum, U.S.P._ (Alumen Ustum, Dried Alum, Burnt Alum).--Anhydrous AlNH{4}(SO{4}){2} or anhydrous AlK(SO{4}){2}. (The composition of the desired salt may be indicated.)

White, odorless powder, with an astringent taste. Very slowly soluble in water (1:14); insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Used externally like alum, being more escharotic.

=*Alumini Acetas, Aluminum Acetate.=--Normal aluminum acetate, Al(C{2}H{3}O{2}){3}.

_Liquor Alumini Acetatis (Liq. Alumin. Acet.), Solution of Aluminum Acetate, N.F._ (Liquor Burowii, Burow's Solution).--Contains normal aluminum acetate, Al(C{2}H{3}O{2}){3} (about 5%).

USES: Popular astringent wash.

DOSAGE: Usually diluted with 15 parts of water

=Alumini Acetico-Tartras, Aluminum Acetico-Tartrate.=

_Liquor Alumini Acetico-Tartratis (Liq. Alumin. Acet.-Tart.), Solution of Aluminum Acetico-Tartrate, N.F._--A solution of aluminum acetate and tartrate obtained by dissolving aluminum hydroxide in a mixture of acetic and tartaric acids.

=Alumini Chloridum (Alum. Chlor.), Aluminum Chloride, N.F.=--AlCl{3} + 6H{2}O.

A nearly white deliquescent powder, with a sweetish, astringent taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1) and in alcohol (1:3).

ACTION AND USES: Antiseptic and astringent, without advantage over alum.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).

=Alumini Hydroxidum (Alum. Hydrox.), Aluminum Hydroxide, U.S.P.=--Al(OH){3}.

A white, bulky, odorless and tasteless powder. Insoluble in water and in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Mild astringent and desiccant, sometimes used as a dusting powder.

=Alumini Subacetas, Aluminum Subacetate.=--Basic aluminum acetate, Al(C{2}H{3}O{2}){2}OH.

_*Liquor Alumini Subacetatis (Liq. Alumin. Subacet.), Solution of Aluminum Subacetate, N.F._ (Liquor Alumini Acetatis, N.F. III).--Contains basic aluminum acetate, Al(C{2}H{3}O{2}){2}OH (about 8%).

USES: Astringent wash.

DOSAGE: Usually diluted with ten parts of water.

=Alumini Sulphas (Alum. Sulph.), Aluminum Sulphate, N.F.=--Al{2}(SO{4}){3} + 16H{2}O.

A white, odorless powder, with an astringent taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1), but insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Similar to and without advantage over alum.

=*Ammonia (NH{3}).=

_*Aqua Ammoniae (Aq. Ammon.), Ammonia Water, U.S.P._--NH{3} (about 10%) in water.

A liquid with a strong odor and a caustic, soapy taste. Loses NH{3} readily. Miscible with water or alcohol.

USES: Local irritant and antacid, preferably as a liniment. Fugacious indirect circulatory and respiratory stimulant.

_Aqua Ammoniae Fortior (Aq. Ammon. Fort.), Stronger Ammonia Water, U.S.P._--NH{3} (about 28%) in water.

Loses NH{3} very readily. Miscible with water or alcohol.

_*Linimentum Ammoniae (Lin. Ammon.), Ammonia Liniment, U.S.P._ (Volatile Liniment, Hartshorn Liniment).--Ammonia water (25%) in sesame oil.

USES: Popularly used as counterirritant.

_Lotio Ammoniacalis Camphorata (Lot. Ammon. Camph.), Ammoniated Camphor Wash, N.F._ (Aqua Sedativa, N.F. III, Sedative Water, Eau Sédative de Raspail).--Ammonia water (6%) and spirit of camphor (1%), in sodium chloride and water.

USES: Counterirritant.

_Spiritus Ammoniae Anisatus (Sp. Ammon. Anis.), Anisated Spirit of Ammonia, N.F._ (Liquor Ammoniae Anisatus, Anisated Solution of Ammonia).--Ammonia water (20%) with anethol, in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

USES: Aromatic carminative preparation.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

=Ammonii Acetas, Ammonium Acetate.=--NH{4}C{2}H{3}O{2}.

_Liquor Ammonii Acetatis (Liq. Ammon. Acet.), Solution of Ammonium Acetate, U.S.P._ (Spirit of Mindererus).--Contains NH{4}C{2}H{3}O{2} (not less than 7%).

USES: Diaphoretic and diuretic in fevers; of doubtful value.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Liquor Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis (Liq. Ferr. et Ammon. Acet.), Solution of Iron and Ammonium Acetate, U.S.P._ (Basham's Mixture).

USES: An antiquated preparation, without the special advantages generally ascribed to it. Iron and acetates are better prescribed separately.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

=Ammonii Benzoas (Ammon. Benz.), Ammonium Benzoate, U.S.P.=

A white, odorless or nearly odorless powder, with a bitterish taste. Very soluble in water (1:10) and soluble in alcohol (1:35). Incompatible with acids, fixed alkalies and ferric salts.

ACTION AND USES: Resembles sodium benzoate in its action but is more irritant and has no advantage over it.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.), in solution

=Ammonii Bromidum (Ammon. Brom.), Ammonium Bromide, U.S.P.=--NH{4}Br.

A white, odorless powder with a pungent saline taste. Incompatible with nitrous ether.

ACTION AND USES: Those of the bromides; more irritant than potassium bromide, over which it has no advantage.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.) in solution.

_Elixir Ammonii Bromidi (Elix. Ammon. Brom.), Elixir of Ammonium Bromide, N.F._--Ammonium bromide (8.5%), syrup, distilled water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.

_Elixir Trium Bromidorum (Elix. Tri. Brom.), Elixir of Three Bromides, N.F._--Ammonium bromide, potassium bromide and sodium bromide (each 8%), with cudbear and compound elixir of almond. Absolute alcohol content about 4 per cent.

USES: An irrational bromide mixture, as there is no good evidence that the bases influence the bromide action materially.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=*Ammonii Carbonas (Ammon. Carb.), Ammonium Carbonate, U.S.P.=--A mixture of ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbamate, yielding about 31 per cent. of NH{3}.

White, hard, translucent masses, with a strong ammoniacal odor and a sharp, ammoniacal taste. Very soluble in water; alcohol dissolves the carbamate and leaves the bicarbonate.

ACTION AND USES: Alkaline and nauseant liquefying expectorant used in cough mixtures; also as reflex "diffusible" stimulant in smelling salts.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.) in solution.

_Mistura Pectoralis Stokes (Mist. Pect. Stokes), Stokes' Expectorant, N.F._--Ammonium carbonate (1.75%), fluidextracts of senega and squill (each 3.5%), camphorated tincture of opium (17.5%), water and syrup of tolu. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

USES: Irrational expectorant mixture.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_*Spiritus Ammoniae Aromaticus (Sp. Ammon. Arom.), Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia, U.S.P._--Ammonium carbonate (3.4%), ammonia water (9%) and oils of lemon, lavender and myristica in alcohol and distilled water. Absolute alcohol content about 68 per cent.

USES: Useful aromatic alkali and carminative in flatulence, colic, etc.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

=*Ammonii Chloridum (Ammon. Chlor.), Ammonium Chloride, U.S.P.=--NH{4}Cl.

A white, odorless powder, with a saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:2.6) and soluble in alcohol (1:100).

ACTION AND USES: Liquefying expectorant; used in cough mixtures, and in the treatment of inflammation of the air-passages.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.), in solution or lozenges.

_Mistura Ammonii Chloridi (Mist. Ammon. Chlor.), Mixture of Ammonium Chloride, N.F._ (Mistura Solvens Simplex).--Ammonium chloride (2.5%) and pure extract of glycyrrhiza in water.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Trochisci Ammonii Chloridi (Troch. Ammon. Chlor.), Troches of Ammonium Chloride, U.S.P._--Each troche contains ammonium chloride (0.1 Gm.) with extract of glycyrrhiza, tragacanth and sugar, flavored with syrup of tolu.

=Ammonii Citras, Ammonium Citrate.=

_Liquor Ammonii Citratis (Liq. Ammon. Cit.), Solution of Ammonium Citrate, N.F._--Ammonium citrate (14.47%) in water.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Ammonii Hypophosphis (Ammon. Hypophos.), Ammonium Hypophosphite, N.F._--NH{4}H{2}PO{2}.

Colorless plates or white powder, odorless, with a saline, bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1:1) and soluble in alcohol (1:20).

ACTION AND USES: Similar to but without material advantage over ammonium chloride.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

_Syrupus Ammonii Hypophosphitis (Syr. Ammon. Hypophos.), Syrup of Ammonium Hypophosphite, N.F._--Ammonium hypophosphite (3.5%) and diluted hypophosphorous acid, flavored with compound spirit of vanillin, in water, glycerin and syrup.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)

=Ammonii Iodidum (Ammon. Iod.), Ammonium Iodide, U.S.P.=--NH{4}I.

White, odorless powder, with a saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:0.6), in alcohol (1:3.7) and in glycerin (1:1.5).

ACTION AND USES: Those of the iodides. More irritant and less stable than sodium or potassium iodide, over which it has no advantage.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.

_Linimentum Ammonii Iodidi (Lin. Ammon. Iod.), Liniment of Ammonium Iodide, N.F._--Ammonium iodide (about 0.5%) with oil of rosemary, oil of lavender, camphor, ammonia water and alcohol.

USES: Irrational preparation.

=Ammonii Phosphas (Ammon. Phos.), Ammonium Phosphate, N.F.=--A mixture of (NH{4}){2}HPO{4} and NH{4}H{2}PO{4}.

Colorless crystals or white powder. Freely soluble in water (1:4), but insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Similar to but without advantage over sodium phosphate.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).

=Ammonii Salicylas (Ammon. Salicyl.), Ammonium Salicylate, U.S.P.=

White, odorless crystals or powder with a bitterish taste. Very soluble in water (1:1) and in alcohol (1:3). Incompatible with acids and fixed alkalies.

ACTION AND USES: Those of salicylates; without advantage over sodium salicylate.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.

=Ammonii Valeras (Ammon. Valer.), Ammonium Valerate, U.S.P.= (Ammonium Valerianate).--Of variable composition.

White plates, with a valerian odor and a sharp, sweetish taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.3) and in alcohol (1:0.6).

ACTION AND USES: Sedative in hysteria, depending on the valeric odor. Not very effective.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Ammonii Valeratis (Elix. Ammon. Valer.), Elixir of Ammonium Valerate, N.F._ (Elixir Ammonii Valerianatis, N.F. III).--Ammonium valerate (3.5%) in red elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm. The alcohol content should be borne in mind.

=Amygdala Dulcis (Amygd. Dulc.), Sweet Almond, U.S.P.=

ACTION AND USES: Demulcent, especially as cosmetic.

_Emulsum Amygdalae (Emuls. Amygd.), Emulsion of Almond, U.S.P._ (Milk of Almond).--Sweet almond, acacia, sugar and water.

=*Amylis Nitris (Amyl. Nitris), Amyl Nitrite, U.S.P.=--Not less than 80 per cent. C{5}H{11}NO{2} (chiefly iso-amyl nitrite).

A yellowish liquid, with a fruity odor and a pungent, aromatic taste. Very volatile; almost insoluble in water, but miscible with alcohol or ether.

ACTION AND USES: Prompt vasodilator, used especially in spasms of angina pectoris, asthma and general convulsions.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.), by inhalation.

=*Amylum (Amyl.), Starch, U.S.P.= (Corn Starch).

ACTION AND USES: Dusting powder and diluent.

_Glyceritum Amyli (Glycer. Amyl.), Glycerite of Starch, U.S.P._--Starch (10%) and water (10%) in glycerin.

USES: Emollient and excipient.

=Anethol (Anethol), Anethol, N.F.=--The chief constituent of oil of anise and oil of fennel.

A colorless or yellowish liquid, with a sweet taste and an odor of anise; solid below 20 C. Almost insoluble in water, but freely soluble in alcohol or ether.

ACTION AND USES: Carminative, etc. Similar to but without advantage over oil of anise.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (N.F.).

_Elixir Anisi (Elix. Anis.), Elixir of Anise, N.F._--Anethol, oil of fennel, spirit of bitter almond, alcohol, syrup and water. Absolute alcohol content about 23 per cent.

USES: Carminative and flavor.

DOSAGE: For infants, 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

=Angelicae Fructus (Angel. Fruct.), Angelica Fruit, N.F.= (Angelica Seed).

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic stomachic and carminative; without advantage over gentian.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

=Angelicae Radix (Angel. Rad.), Angelica Root, N.F.=

ACTION AND USES: Stimulating expectorant; without advantage over tolu.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Angelicae Radicis (Fldext. Angel. Rad.), Fluidextract of Angelica Root, N.F._--Angelica root (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=Anisum (Anis.), Anise, U.S.P.= (Aniseed).

ACTION AND USES: Carminative. (See =Oleum Anisi=).

=*Antimonii et Potassii Tartras (Antim. et Pot. Tart.), Antimony and Potassium Tartrate, U.S.P.= (Antimonyl Potassium Tartrate, Tartrated Antimony, Tartar Emetic).

A white, odorless powder with a sweet, metallic taste. Soluble in water (1:12) and in glycerin (1:15); insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Nauseant expectorant and emetic. Emetic doses and the prolonged use of expectorant doses are somewhat dangerous. Externally, a pustulant.

DOSAGE: Expectorant, 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.), in solution. It is best to begin with small doses (0.001 Gm. or 1/60 grain) which may be repeated hourly, care being taken to avoid too great depression.

_Vinum Antimonii (Vin. Antimon.), Wine of Antimony, N.F._--Antimony and potassium tartrate (0.4%), in water and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

=Antimonii Oxidum (Antim. Oxid.), Antimony Oxide, N.F.=--Antimonous oxide, Sb{2}O{3}.

A white or grayish-white, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water and in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete nauseant, emetic and cathartic. Action uncertain and possibly toxic.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (N.F.).

_Pulvis Antimonialis (Pulv. Antimon.), Antimonial Powder, N.F._ (James' Powder).--Antimonous oxide (33%) and precipitated calcium phosphate.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

=Antimonium Sulphuratum (Antim. Sulphurat.), Sulphurated Antimony, N.F.= (Antimonium Oxysulphuratum, Kermes Mineral).--Chiefly antimony trisulphide, Sb{2}S{3}.

A red-brown, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water and in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Mineral cathartic, without advantage over calomel. Has no special action on the bile, as was formerly supposed.

_Pilulae Antimonii Compositae (Pil. Antimon. Co.), Compound Pills of Antimony, N.F._ (Plummer's Pills).--Each pill contains sulphurated antimony and mild mercurous chloride (each 0.04 Gm. or 2/3 grain), guaiac (0.08 Gm. or 1-1/3 grains), and castor oil.

DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).

=*Antipyrina (Antipyr.), Antipyrine, U.S.P.= (Phenazone, Phenyldimethylpyrazolon).

White, odorless powder, with a slightly bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1) and in alcohol (1:1.3).

ACTION AND USES: Antipyretic and analgesic, similar to acetanilid.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.), in solution, given with even greater caution than acetanilid and acetphenetidin

=Apii Fructus (Apii Fruct.), Celery Fruit, N.F.= (Celery Seed).

ACTION AND USES: Domestic emmenagogue, depending for its action on the volatile oil.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Apii Fructi (Fldext. Apii Fruct.), Fluidextract of Celery Fruit, N.F._--Celery fruit (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=Apocynum (Apocyn.), Apocynum, N.F.= (Canadian Hemp).--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Cardiac tonic of digitalis group; unreliable as to rate of absorption.

DOSAGE: 0.75 Gm. or 12 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Apocyni (Fldext. Apocyn.), Fluidextract of Apocynum, N.F._ (Fluidextract of Canadian Hemp).--Apocynum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.75 Cc. or 12 minims (N.F.).

=*Apomorphinae Hydrochloridum (Apomorph. Hydrochl.), Apomorphine Hydrochloride, U.S.P.= (Apomorphine Chloride).

White powder, becoming greenish on exposure to light and air, odorless and with a slightly bitter taste. Soluble in water (1:50) and in alcohol (1:50).

ACTION AND USES: Prompt, centrally acting emetic, especially adapted for hypodermic administration. Rarely used as nauseant expectorant.

DOSAGE: Expectorant 0.003 Gm. or 1/20 grain (U.S.P.). Probably too large; 0.004 Gm. or 1/15 grain is said to have produced death in a person enfeebled by chronic bronchitis. From 0.001 Gm. to 0.002 Gm., or 1/60 to 1/30 grain, repeated once an hour or once in two hours, is safer. Emetic, by mouth (hypodermic administration is better), 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.). Emetic, hypodermic, 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.). This may be repeated at ten-minute intervals until effective, but it should be remembered that in some cases apomorphin produces toxic effects without causing vomiting.

=*Aqua (Aqua), Water, U.S.P.=--H{2}O.

ACTION AND USES: Solvent. The ingestion of large amounts is a very valuable eliminative measure.

_*Aqua Destillata (Aq. Dest.), Distilled Water, U.S.P._--Water obtained by distillation.

_Aqua Destillata Sterilisata (Aq. Dest. Steril.), Sterilized Distilled Water, U.S.P._--Should be used within forty-eight hours after its preparation.

=AQUAE AROMATICAE, AROMATIC WATERS.=--The official aromatic waters are aqueous solutions of volatile substances, usually volatile oils. They are used as vehicles for the more active water-soluble drugs. For preparations included in this list see under the names of the principal constituents. For the following, see under the names of the respective oils: Aqua Amygdalae Amarae, Aqua Foeniculi, Aqua Menthae Piperitae and Aqua Menthae Viridis.

=Aralia (Aralia), Aralia, N.F.= (American Spikenard, Spignet).--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete irritant, diaphoretic and "alterative." Probably without value.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Araliae (Fldext. Aral.), Fluidextract of Aralia, N.F._--Aralia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=*Argenti Nitras (Arg. Nit.), Silver Nitrate, U.S.P.=--AgNO{3}.

Colorless plates, darkening on exposure to light in the presence of organic matter; odorless; strongly caustic and having a bitter, metallic taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.4) and soluble in alcohol (1:30). Incompatible especially with chlorides and organic matter.

ACTION AND USES: Externally as a caustic, antiseptic and germicide; internally as an astringent.

DOSAGE: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.), diluted or in kaolin pills. The concentrations of solutions for local use vary from 0.01 to 10 per cent., according to the sensitiveness of the surface and the degree of action desired. Distilled water should be used in making the solutions.

_*Argenti Nitras Fusus (Arg. Nit. Fus.), Molded Silver Nitrate, U.S.P._ (Fused Silver Nitrate, Lunar Caustic).--AgNO{3} toughened by the addition of a small proportion of silver chloride.

White, hard pencils or cones.

=Argenti Oxidum (Arg. Oxid.), Silver Oxide, U.S.P.=--Ag{2}O.

A heavy, odorless, brownish-black powder with a metallic taste. Only slightly soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Astringent in gastric ulcer. Probably inefficient.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

=Arnica (Arnic.), Arnica, U.S.P.= (Arnica Flowers).

ACTION AND USES: Feeble rubefacient. Still used externally to some extent in the form of a tincture mixed with water as an evaporating lotion. The chief active ingredient of the tincture is probably its alcohol.

_Fluidextractum Arnicae (Fldext. Arnic.), Fluidextract of Arnica, N.F._--Arnica (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

_Tinctura Arnicae (Tr. Arnic.), Tincture of Arnica, U.S.P._--Arnica (20%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

=Arseni Iodidum (Arsen. Iod.), Arsenous Iodide, U.S.P.= (Arsenic Iodide).--AsI{3}.

An orange-red, odorless powder. Soluble in water (1:12) with partial decomposition; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Similar to those of arsenic trioxide, over which it has no advantage.

DOSAGE: 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.).

_*Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri Iodidi (Liq. Arsen. et Hydrarg. Iod.), Solution of Arsenous and Mercuric Iodide, U.S.P._ (Donovan's Solution).--Arsenous iodide and red mercuric iodide (each 1%) in water.

DOSAGE: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (U.S.P.).

=*Arseni Trioxidum (Arsen. Triox.), Arsenic Trioxide, U.S.P.= (Arsenous Acid, Arsenous Oxide, White Arsenic).--As{2}O{3}.

Amorphous, glassy masses or white, crystalline masses or powder. Slowly soluble in water (about 1:100), slightly soluble in alcohol and ether and freely soluble in glycerine. Readily dissolved by hydrochloric acid or by alkaline solutions.

ACTION AND USES: Believed to modify nutrition. Used as tonic in anemias, nervous diseases, etc., in skin diseases and in some forms of malaria. Externally, a mild escharotic, but the danger of poisoning prevents its general use. Likely to produce nephritis. A very common poison.

DOSAGE: 0.002 Gm. or 1/30 grain (U.S.P.), in pills or solutions.

_*Liquor Acidi Arsenosi (Liq. Acid. Arsen.), Solution of Arsenous Acid, U.S.P._ (Hydrochloric Solution of Arsenic, "Solution of Arsenic Chloride").--Arsenic trioxide (1%) in diluted hydrochloric acid (5%) and water.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims.

=*Asafoetida (Asafoet.), Asafetida, U.S.P.= (Gum Asafetida).--A gum resin.

Should be 60% soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Used as a carminative and also in the treatment of hysteria, the action being psychic.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), in pills.

_Emulsum Asafoetidae (Emuls. Asafoet.), Emulsion of Asafetida, U.S.P._ (Milk of Asafetida).--Asafetida (4%) in water.

USES: Used especially as enema in tympanites.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Pilulae Asafoetidae (Pil. Asafoet.), Pills of Asafetida, U.S.P._--Each pill contains asafoetida (0.2 Gm. or 3 grains), and soap.

DOSAGE: 2 pills (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Asafoetidae (Tr. Asafoet.), Tincture of Asafetida, U.S.P._--Asafetida (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 81 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

=Asarum (Asar.), Asarum, N.F.= (Canada Snake-Root. Wild Ginger).--Rhizome.

ACTION AND USES: Carminative and flavor; similar to but without advantage over ginger.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Syrupus Asari Compositus (Syr. Asar. Co.), Compound Syrup of Asarum, N.F._--Asarum (6.2%), fluidextract of ipecac (0.3%), alcohol, cochineal and potassium carbonate in syrup.